The Proactive Logic of “Upholding the Party’s Cultural Leadership” in the New Era

Upholding the Party’s cultural leadership is the key to ensuring national ideological security, safeguarding the independence of cultural sovereignty, and promoting cultural prosperity and flourishing; it is a fundamental issue concerning the future and destiny of the Party and the state. On June 2, 2023, at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development, General Secretary Xi Jinping explicitly put forward the important category of “the Chinese Communist Party’s cultural leadership,” emphasizing that “to uphold fundamental principles is to uphold the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological domain, to uphold the fundamental requirements of the ‘Two Integrations,’ and to uphold the Chinese Communist Party’s cultural leadership and the Chinese nation’s cultural subjectivity.” [1]1 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of China’s traditional culture. The formulation of the major theoretical proposition of “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” is the inevitable result of the Chinese Communist Party actively exercising its subjectivity, initiative, and creativity in leading cultural development. It contains a profound historical proactive logic, a distinct value proactive logic, and a deep practical proactive logic. On the new journey, only by deeply understanding the proactive logic of “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” and upholding the Party’s overall leadership over propaganda, ideology, and cultural work can we consolidate the Party’s ruling position at a deeper level, effectively enhance the cohesion and centripetal force of the Chinese nation, and forge new brilliance in Chinese culture.

坚持党的文化领导权，是确保国家意识形态安全、维护文化主权独立、促进文化繁荣兴盛的关键所在，是事关党和国家前途命运的根本性问题。2023年6月2日，习近平总书记在文化传承发展座谈会上明确提出“中国共产党的文化领导权”这一重要范畴，强调“守正，守的是马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度，守的是‘两个结合’的根本要求，守的是中国共产党的文化领导权和中华民族的文化主体性”。“坚持党的文化领导权”这一重大理论命题的提出，是中国共产党引领文化发展中积极发挥主体性、能动性、创造性的必然结果，蕴含着厚重的历史主动逻辑、鲜明的价值主动逻辑和深刻的实践主动逻辑。新征程上，只有深刻理解“坚持党的文化领导权”的主动逻辑，坚持党对宣传思想文化工作的全面领导，才能在更深层次上巩固党的执政地位，切实增强中华民族的凝聚力和向心力，铸就中华文化新辉煌。

I. The Profound Historical Proactive Logic of “Upholding the Party’s Cultural Leadership”

一、“坚持党的文化领导权”的厚重历史主动逻辑

On the basis of systematically summarizing the Party’s experience in propaganda, ideology, and cultural work over more than a century, Chinese Communists in the New Era have explicitly put forward the major proposition of “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership.” This manifests the Party’s mission-consciousness in grasping historical trends and assuming historical responsibilities, as well as the proactive logic of deepening understanding and persistently upholding cultural leadership in the process of creating new historical situations.

新时代中国共产党人在系统总结党百余年宣传思想文化工作经验基础上明确提出“坚持党的文化领导权”这一重大命题，彰显了党把握历史大势、担当历史责任的使命自觉以及在开创历史新局中深化认识和持久坚守文化领导权的主动逻辑。

(1) Focusing on the Theme of National Salvation and Survival, Exploring the Construction of a “National, Scientific, and Mass” New Democratic Culture, and Striving to Seize Cultural Leadership

（一）聚焦救亡图存主题，探索建设“民族的科学的大众的”新民主主义文化，奋力夺取文化领导权

During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their chief representative, conducted the following explorations into upholding the Party’s cultural leadership. First, by taking the construction of a “national, scientific, and mass” New Democratic culture as the program, they determined the general line and general policy for leading cultural work. Comrade Mao Zedong believed that the New Democratic culture we pursue is a “national, scientific, and mass culture,” a “culture of the masses of the people, led by the proletariat, that is anti-imperialist and anti-feudal,” affirming that the proletariat is the mainstay leading and promoting the development of New Democratic culture. [2]2 The term “New Democratic culture” (新民主主义文化) refers to the culture advocated by Mao Zedong during the New Democratic Revolution (1919-1949), characterized as national, scientific, and mass-oriented. Second, with the goal of leading New Democratic culture through proletarian cultural ideology, they sought to seize the Party’s leadership and initiative in the field of cultural construction. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that the culture of New Democracy “can only be led by the cultural ideology of the proletariat, that is, communist ideology; the cultural ideology of any other class cannot lead it.” [3]3 This quotation is from Mao Zedong’s “On New Democracy” (1940). Third, they emphasized using scientific methods to carry out cultural work, guiding the masses of the people to highly identify with the Party’s ideological and cultural propositions and to consciously accept the Party’s leadership. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Comrade Mao Zedong keenly perceived the urgency of establishing a “cultural army,” advocating that “the pen should be combined with the gun.” [4]4 The “War of Resistance Against Japan” (1937-1945) was China’s war against Japanese invasion. The phrase “pen and gun” is from Mao’s speech at the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art (1942).

新民主主义革命时期，以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人对坚持党的文化领导权进行了以下探索。第一，以构建“民族的科学的大众的”新民主主义文化为纲领，确定了领导开展文化工作的总路线和总政策。毛泽东同志认为，我们所追求的新民主主义文化是“民族的科学的大众的文化”，是“无产阶级领导的人民大众的反帝反封建的文化”，肯定了无产阶级是领导推动新民主主义文化发展的中流砥柱。第二，以无产阶级的文化思想领导新民主主义文化为目标，谋求夺取党在文化建设领域的领导权和主动权。毛泽东同志指出，新民主主义的文化“只能由无产阶级的文化思想即共产主义思想去领导，任何别的阶级的文化思想都是不能领导了的”。第三，注重运用科学方法开展文化工作，引导人民大众高度认同党的思想文化主张，自觉接受党的领导。抗战时期，毛泽东同志就敏锐洞察到建立“文化军队”的紧迫性，主张“笔杆子跟枪杆子结合起来”。

(2) Serving the Practice of Revolution and Construction, Accumulating New Momentum for Cultural Development in Promoting Reforms in Education, Literature and Art, and Journalism, and Establishing and Consolidating Cultural Leadership

（二）服务革命建设实践，在推进教育、文艺、新闻领域改革中积蓄文化发展新势能，确立和巩固文化领导权

During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the Chinese Communist Party’s adherence to cultural leadership was manifested in the following aspects. First, by promoting mass cultural education, it provided broad social support for upholding the Party’s cultural leadership. Our Party emphasized the need to strive to improve the leadership work of cultural and educational departments, resolutely eliminate the “feudal, comprador, and fascist ideology” of the old society, and establish an educational policy of “enabling the educated to develop morally, intellectually, and physically, and become educated laborers with socialist consciousness.” [5]5 This educational policy was formulated during the socialist construction period, reflecting Mao’s vision for a well-rounded socialist citizen. Second, by promoting the flourishing of literature and art, it proposed and adhered to the “Double Hundred” policy and the “Two Uses” method, consolidating Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological and cultural fields. [6]6 The “Double Hundred” policy (双百方针) refers to “letting a hundred flowers bloom, letting a hundred schools of thought contend,” proposed by Mao in 1956 to encourage intellectual and artistic diversity. The “Two Uses” method (两用方法) refers to “making the past serve the present and foreign things serve China” (古为今用，洋为中用). In Mao Zedong’s view, implementing the “Double Hundred” policy “will not weaken Marxism’s leading position in the ideological sphere; on the contrary, it will strengthen it.” [7]7 This quotation is from Mao Zedong’s “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People” (1957). Third, by strengthening leadership over news and propaganda organs, it provided a strong position for enhancing the Party’s cultural leadership. Our Party clarified the responsibility of the Party Central Committee and Party committees at all levels to lead news and propaganda organs such as newspapers, news agencies, and radio stations, thereby improving the credibility and authority of news and propaganda work.

社会主义革命和建设时期，中国共产党对文化领导权的坚持体现在以下方面。第一，推动民众文化教育，为坚持党的文化领导权提供广泛的社会支持。我们党强调要努力改善文化教育部门的领导工作，坚决肃清旧社会“封建的、买办的、法西斯主义的思想”，树立“使受教育者在德育、智育、体育几方面都得到发展，成为有社会主义觉悟的有文化的劳动者”的教育方针。第二，促进文艺繁荣发展，提出并坚持“双百”方针和“两用”方法，巩固了马克思主义在思想文化领域的指导地位。在毛泽东同志看来，实行“双百”方针不仅“不会削弱马克思主义在思想界的领导地位，相反地正是会加强它的这种地位”。第三，强化对新闻宣传机关的领导，为增强党的文化领导权提供坚强阵地。我们党明确了党中央和各级党委担负领导报纸、通讯社、广播等新闻宣传机关的职责，提高了新闻宣传工作的公信力和权威性。

(3) Aligning with the Tasks of Reform and Development, Adhering to the Policy of Grasping Both Material Civilization and Cultural-Ethical Progress, and Strengthening and Expanding Cultural Leadership

（三）切准改革发展任务，坚持物质文明建设与精神文明建设一起抓的方针，强化和拓展文化领导权

During the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the Chinese Communist Party made the following efforts around upholding cultural leadership. First, in terms of cultural development concepts, it adhered to “grasping with both hands, both hands must be firm,” and resolutely opposed spiritual pollution on the ideological front. [8]8 “Spiritual pollution” (精神污染) was a term used in the 1980s to criticize the influence of Western bourgeois ideas and decadent culture on Chinese society. Our Party proposed to build itself “into a strong core leading the entire people in the construction of socialist material civilization and cultural-ethical progress,” emphasized resisting the erosion of decadent Western bourgeois culture, and called on “Communist Party members on the ideological front, especially those in leadership positions and those with influence, must stand at the forefront of the struggle.” [9]9 This quotation is from Deng Xiaoping’s speech at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee (1986). Second, in terms of cultural strategic arrangements, it placed cultural system reform in an important position in the overall work, enhancing the Party’s capability and effectiveness in leading cultural work. With the formal proposal of the goal of “building a socialist cultural power” at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee, the Party’s mission to lead the great development and flourishing of socialist culture became clearer. [10]10 The Sixth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee was held in October 2011. Third, in terms of cultural external dissemination, it emphasized conducting foreign cultural exchanges and trade cooperation, enhancing the Party’s discourse power and influence on the international stage.

改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，中国共产党围绕坚持文化领导权做出了以下努力。第一，在文化发展理念上，坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”，坚决反对思想战线的精神污染。我们党提出要把自身建设“成为领导全国人民进行社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设的坚强核心”，重视抵制西方资产阶级腐朽文化的侵蚀，号召“思想战线的共产党员，特别是这方面担负领导责任的和有影响的共产党员，必须站在斗争的前列”。第二，在文化战略安排上，将文化体制改革摆在全局工作的重要位置，提升党领导开展文化工作的本领效能。随着党的十七届六中全会正式提出“建设社会主义文化强国”的目标，党领导推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣的使命任务更加清晰。第三，在文化对外传播上，重视开展对外文化交流与贸易合作，增强党在国际舞台上的话语权和影响力。

(4) Anchoring the Mission of National Rejuvenation, Explicitly Putting Forward the Major Innovative Viewpoint of “Upholding the Party’s Cultural Leadership,” and Opening a New Situation in the Party’s Leadership of Cultural Construction

（四）锚定民族复兴使命，鲜明提出“坚持党的文化领导权”重大创新观点，开辟党领导文化建设工作新局面

As socialism with Chinese characteristics entered the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with far-sighted vision and clear direction-setting, with deeper theoretical thinking, broader global vision, and a stronger sense of mission, placed propaganda, ideology, and cultural work in an extremely important strategic position. Centering on “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership,” it put forward a series of innovative new viewpoints and new judgments, providing fundamental guidance for leading propaganda, ideology, and cultural work. First, it creatively proposed the iconic concept of “cultural confidence” and incorporated it into the “Four Confidences” of socialism with Chinese characteristics, providing the people with profound cultural stability and a foundation for identification to rally around the Party. [11]11 The “Four Confidences” (四个自信) are confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Second, it established and upheld the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological domain, ensuring that the Party always remains the vanguard and backbone leading ideological and cultural development. Third, it adhered to the guidance of the core socialist values, consolidating the value foundation for enhancing the Party’s cultural leadership. Fourth, it put forward major innovative viewpoints such as the “Two Integrations” and “Creative Transformation and Innovative Development,” upholding the soul and root of propaganda, ideology, and cultural work. [12]12 “Creative Transformation and Innovative Development” (创造性转化和创新性发展, abbreviated as “双创”) refers to the approach of adapting traditional Chinese culture to contemporary needs. Chinese Communists in the New Era, with a high degree of historical consciousness and historical initiative, continuously push propaganda, ideology, and cultural work to take new steps, achieve new progress, and present a new atmosphere, making the Party’s banner fly high on the propaganda, ideology, and cultural front, and uniting the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country more closely together in thought and spirit.

中国特色社会主义进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高瞻远瞩、举旗定向，以更加深邃的理论思考、更加宽广的世界视野、更加强烈的使命担当，将宣传思想文化工作摆在极端重要的战略位置，围绕 “坚持党的文化领导权”提出了一系列富有创见的新观点新论断，为领导开展宣传思想文化工作提供了根本遵循。第一，创造性提出“文化自信”这一标识性概念并将其纳入中国特色社会主义“四个自信”之中，为人民群众凝聚在党的周围提供了深厚文化定力和认同基础。第二，确立并坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度，确保党始终成为引领思想文化发展的先锋、脊梁。第三，坚持以社会主义核心价值观为引领，为增强党的文化领导权夯实价值根基。第四，提出“两个结合”“双创”等重大创新观点，坚守宣传思想文化工作的魂脉和根脉。新时代中国共产党人以高度的历史自觉和历史主动精神，不断推动宣传思想文化工作迈出新步伐、取得新进展、呈现新气象，使党的旗帜在宣传思想文化战线高高飘扬，全党和全国各族人民在思想精神上更加紧密地团结在一起。

II. The Distinct Value Proactive Logic of “Upholding the Party’s Cultural Leadership” in the New Era

二、新时代“坚持党的文化领导权”的鲜明价值主动逻辑

On the new journey, the Chinese Communist Party has systematically considered the significant and profound significance of “upholding cultural leadership” for advancing Party building, promoting national development, driving cultural innovation, and strengthening mutual learning among civilizations. It has made comprehensive and in-depth value judgments and scientifically reasonable value choices, manifesting a distinct value proactive logic.

新征程上，中国共产党系统性思考了“坚持文化领导权”对推进党的建设、促进国家发展、推动文化创新以及加强文明互鉴等方面所具有的重大深远意义，作出了全面深入的价值判断和科学合理的价值抉择，彰显了鲜明的价值主动逻辑。

(1) From the Dimension of Party Building, It Manifests the Party’s Proactive Exploration of Strengthening the Value of “Authority” of the Proletarian Party

（一）从政党建设维度看，彰显了党对于强化无产阶级政党“权威”价值的主动探寻

Chinese Communists in the New Era have actively explored the value and significance of “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” in strengthening the “authority” of the proletarian party. First, our Party has profoundly recognized the importance of “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” for enhancing Party unity and centralized unity, as well as for deeply advancing the great new project of Party building in the New Era. Second, our Party has deeply realized that “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” can provide solid moral support for the legitimacy of the political power established under the leadership of the proletarian party, thereby laying a foundation of popular support for taking the new road of the examination [13]13 “Taking the new road of the examination” (新的赶考之路) is a metaphor used by the CPC leadership, originating from Mao Zedong’s remark in 1949 about entering Beijing to “take the examination” of governance, and revived. The cultural leadership of a proletarian party is never achieved solely through political and economic struggle; rather, it gains broad social recognition and support by disseminating scientific and advanced ideological culture. This approach is more capable of generating attraction, influence, and appeal among the masses. Precisely based on this profound understanding, Chinese Communists in the New Era, in the process of leading cultural construction, have increasingly focused on actively constructing a cultural value system guided by a scientific worldview through various channels such as mobilization, propaganda, and education, in order to enhance the masses’ deep identification with and firm support for the Party’s leadership of the path of cultural development with Chinese characteristics.

新时代中国共产党人积极探寻“坚持党的文化领导权”在强化无产阶级政党“权威”方面所具有的价值意义。其一，我们党深刻洞察到“坚持党的文化领导权”对于增强党的团结和集中统一以及深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程的重要性。其二，我们党深切体会到“坚持党的文化领导权”能够为无产阶级政党领导建立的政权正当性提供坚实道义支撑，进而为走好新的赶考之路奠定人心基础。无产阶级政党的文化领导权从来不是单纯通过政治和经济斗争手段来实现的，而是通过传播科学先进的思想文化来获得社会的广泛认可和支持，这种方式更能对人民群众产生吸引力、影响力、感召力。正是基于这一深刻认知，新时代中国共产党人在领导文化建设的进程中，越发注重通过动员、宣传、教育等多种渠道积极构建科学世界观指导下的文化价值体系，以增强人民群众对党领导中国特色社会主义文化发展道路的深刻认同和坚定支持。

(2) From the dimension of national development, it manifests the Party’s proactive concern for the value of leading the construction of a great modern socialist country.

（二）从国家发展维度看，彰显了党对于引领建设社会主义现代化强国价值的主动关照

Chinese Communists in the New Era have proactively concerned themselves with the value and significance of “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” in leading the construction of a great modern socialist country, regarding it as an important measure to ensure that the Party and the state do not deviate on fundamental issues such as banners, doctrines, directions, and paths. First, “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” can provide correct spiritual guidance for building a great modern socialist country. Our Party has deeply realized that upholding the Party’s cultural leadership is not only an inherent need to inherit and promote the national spirit, defend and protect the spiritual homeland, but also a mission requirement to ensure that socialist culture with Chinese characteristics always advances in the right direction. Second, “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” can infuse strong spiritual momentum into building a great modern socialist country. The Communist Party of China fully recognizes that strengthening the Party’s dominant position and control over propaganda, ideology, and cultural work, and firmly implementing the Party’s overall leadership throughout all aspects and the entire process of theoretical and public opinion work, culture and arts, domestic and international propaganda, and online and offline work, plays an extremely important role in promoting the formation of shared cultural cognition, ideological concepts, and value consensus across society.

新时代中国共产党人主动关照“坚持党的文化领导权”在引领建设社会主义现代化强国方面所具有的价值意义，将其视为保证党和国家在旗帜、主义、方向、道路等根本问题上不偏航的重要举措。其一，“坚持党的文化领导权”能够为建设社会主义现代化强国提供正确的精神导引。我们党深刻意识到，坚持党的文化领导权不仅是传承和弘扬民族精神、捍卫和守护精神家园的内在需要，也是确保中国特色社会主义文化始终沿着正确方向前进的使命要求。其二，“坚持党的文化领导权”能够为建设社会主义现代化强国贯注强劲精神动力。中国共产党充分认识到，加强党在宣传思想文化工作领域的统摄地位和掌控能力，坚定把党的全面领导贯彻到理论舆论、文化文艺、内宣外宣、网上网下等工作的各方面和全过程，对于促进全社会形成共同的文化认知、思想观念和价值共识起到了极其重要的推动作用。

(3) From the dimension of cultural innovation, it manifests the Party’s proactive consideration of the value of enriching the cultural form of Chinese-path modernization.

（三）从文化创新维度看，彰显了党对于丰富中国式现代化文化形态价值的主动考量

Chinese Communists have proactively considered the value and significance of “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” in enriching the cultural form of Chinese-path modernization. First, “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” is conducive to perfecting the cultural form of Chinese-path modernization and can provide new ideas for resolving the “ancient-modern, Chinese-Western debate” [14]14 This is a quotation from a Chinese scholarly source, reflecting the view that multiple cultural forms coexist within any given social structure.. Since the New Era, our Party, relying on its outstanding value consciousness and subjective reflection, has continuously promoted the Two Integrations [15] to open up broad space for theoretical and practical innovation. In particular, through the Second Integration [16], it has creatively made the new culture formed through “integration” the cultural form of Chinese-path modernization. This not only helps strengthen the Chinese people’s initiative and autonomy at the ideological and cultural level but also injects rich connotations and infinite vitality into the cultural form of Chinese-path modernization. Second, “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” has a profound impact on consolidating the subjectivity of Chinese culture and promoting the renewed glory of Chinese civilization. Our Party not only examines Chinese civilization within the entire historical river of human civilization but also promotes the transformation and application of cultural innovation achievements, reflecting our Party’s sense of responsibility in promoting the renewal and modern transformation of Chinese civilization.

中国共产党人主动考量“坚持党的文化领导权”在丰富中国式现代化文化形态方面所具有的价值意义。其一，“坚持党的文化领导权”有利于完善中国式现代化的文化形态，可以为破解“古今中西之争”提供新思路。新时代以来，我们党凭借卓越的价值自觉与主体省思，持续推动“两个结合”以开启广阔的理论和实践创新空间，尤其是通过“第二个结合”创造性地让经由“结合”而形成的新文化成为中国式现代化的文化形态，不仅有利于强化中国人民在思想文化层面的主动权与自主性，也为中国式现代化的文化形态注入丰富内涵与无限活力。其二，“坚持党的文化领导权”对于巩固中华文化主体性和促进中华文明重焕荣光具有深远影响。我们党不仅将中华文明置于整个人类文明的历史长河中加以审视，还推动文化创新成果的转化应用，体现了我们党推动中华文明生命更新与现代转型的责任意识。

(4) From the dimension of mutual learning among civilizations, it manifests the Party’s proactive insight into the value of shaping a new pattern of world civilization development.

（四）从文明互鉴维度看，彰显了党对于促进塑造世界文明发展新格局价值的主动察识

Chinese Communists in the New Era have profoundly recognized the great significance of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations for promoting the development and progress of human civilization, and have prominently emphasized the driving role of “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” in this process. First, “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” is crucial for building a new pattern of equal and just world civilization development. Our Party has proactively enhanced its discourse power and appeal on the international stage, advocating respect for the independent choice of civilization development paths by peoples of all countries, which is conducive to steering the pattern of world civilization development in a more equal and just direction. Second, “upholding the Party’s cultural leadership” has far-reaching significance for building a new pattern of open and inclusive world civilization development. Our Party advocates an inclusive attitude towards the civilizational creations of peoples of all countries and focuses on strengthening dialogue and cooperation with political parties around the world. Our Party has deeply realized that the above propositions and measures play a very significant role in enhancing the communication power and influence of Chinese civilization, as well as in promoting people-to-people exchanges and mutual understanding between China and other countries, which is conducive to forming a more harmonious and inclusive new picture of world civilization development.

新时代中国共产党人深刻洞察文明交流互鉴对于促进人类文明发展进步的重大意义，突出强调“坚持党的文化领导权”在这一进程中的驱动作用。其一，“坚持党的文化领导权”对于构建平等公正的世界文明发展新格局至关重要。我们党主动提升党在国际舞台上的话语权和感召力，倡导尊重世界各国人民自主选择文明发展道路，有利于促使世界文明发展格局朝着更加平等公正的方向发展。其二，“坚持党的文化领导权”对于构建开放包容的世界文明发展新格局意义深远。我们党崇尚以兼容并蓄的胸襟对待世界各国人民的文明创造，注重加强同世界各国政党的对话合作。我们党深刻地意识到，上述主张和举措在增强中华文明的传播力和影响力以及增进我国同各国人民的人文交流和民心相通上作用十分显著，有利于形成更加和谐包容的世界文明发展新图景。

3. The Profound Practical Proactive Logic of “Upholding the Party’s Cultural Leadership” in the New Era

三、新时代“坚持党的文化领导权”的深刻实践主动逻辑

On the new journey of the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has made overall plans and scientific deployments in terms of grasping the correct direction, ensuring correct guidance, optimizing content construction, managing frontier positions, and gathering talent teams. This has pointed out the direction of action for propaganda, ideology, and cultural work under the new situation, revealing a profound practical proactive logic.

新时代新征程上，以习近平同志为核心的党中央从把准前进方向、抓好正确导向、优化内容建设、管好前沿阵地、聚合人才队伍等方面进行统筹谋划、科学部署，为我们指明了新形势下宣传思想文化工作的行动方向，昭示了深刻的实践主动逻辑。

(1) Steadying the forward direction, upholding the high degree of unity between the principle of Party spirit and the people’s standpoint.

（一）把稳前进方向，坚持党性原则与人民立场的高度统一

To ensure that cultural construction advances steadily in the right direction while possessing a broad mass base, our Party focuses on integrating the Party’s will with public opinion, demonstrating a deep sense of concern for the people and profound practical initiative. On the one hand, it adheres to the principle of Party spirit and upholds the political direction. General Secretary Xi Jinping calls on all Party members and cadres in the propaganda, ideology, and cultural front to unwaveringly uphold the principle of Party spirit, resolutely defend the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, and strictly abide by the Party’s political discipline, organizational principles, and work norms; uphold the Party’s management of propaganda, ideology, and media, closely revolve around the Party’s central work to propagate the Party’s line, principles, and policies, and ensure that the Party’s ideological and cultural propositions are widely disseminated and thoroughly implemented throughout society. On the other hand, it adheres to the people’s standpoint and consolidates common will. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that cultural construction must adhere to a people-centered approach, firmly stand on the people’s side, and mobilize departments at all levels to take practical and effective measures. While using political discourse to set the direction and academic discourse to deepen thought, attention must also be paid to enhancing the affinity, radiation, and appeal of propaganda discourse.

为确保文化建设沿着正确方向稳步推进的同时具有广泛的群众基础，我们党注重将党心与民意相融合，展现了深沉的为民情怀与深刻的实践主动。一方面，恪守党性原则，坚持政治方向。习近平总书记号召宣传思想文化战线上的全体党员干部旗帜鲜明坚持党性原则，坚决捍卫党中央的权威和集中统一领导，严格遵守党的政治纪律、组织原则和工作规范；坚持党管宣传、党管意识形态、党管媒体，紧密围绕党的中心工作宣传党的路线方针政策，确保党的思想文化主张在全社会范围内得到广泛传播和深入贯彻。另一方面，坚持人民立场，凝聚共同意志。习近平总书记强调文化建设要坚持以人民为中心，牢牢站稳人民立场，动员各级部门采取切实有效的措施，要在以政治话语把准导向、以学术话语深化思想的同时，注重增强宣传话语的亲和力、辐射力、吸引力。

(2) Ensuring correct guidance, strengthening the coordination and linkage between positive propaganda and public opinion struggle.

（二）抓好正确导向，加强正面宣传与舆论斗争的配合联动

Since the New Era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has put forward forward-looking and targeted guidance on how to effectively prevent and resolve risks in the ideological sphere, clarifying the action strategy of simultaneously establishing and breaking to consolidate the Party’s cultural leadership. On the one hand, it adheres to the policy of uniting, stabilizing, encouraging, and focusing on positive propaganda. The Party Central Committee requires propaganda, ideology, and cultural departments at all levels to strengthen thematic propaganda, deepen propaganda and education on patriotism, collectivism, and socialism, and regularly carry out propaganda and education on the “Five Histories” [17]; strengthen propaganda on achievements, confidently publicize and report on the Party’s historic contributions in leading cultural construction; strengthen propaganda on role models, and optimize the mechanism for publicizing and learning from heroes and exemplary figures. On the other hand, it dares to draw its sword and persistently fight the active battle of public opinion. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Comrades on the propaganda and ideology front must be warriors, not gentlemen; they must not be ‘fence-sitters’ or ‘weathercocks,’ nor engage in the practice of ‘cherishing their feathers’” [18]. To win the tough battle of preventing and resolving ideological risks, the Party Central Committee calls on relevant departments to be adept at grasping the “timing,” reasonably controlling the “degree,” and emphasizing practical “effectiveness,” using scientific methods to fight the active battle of public opinion.

新时代以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央对如何有效防范和化解意识形态领域风险提出了具有前瞻性和针对性的指导意见，明确了立破并举巩固党的文化领导权的行动策略。一方面，坚持团结稳定鼓劲、正面宣传为主的方针。党中央要求各级宣传思想文化部门加强主题宣传，深化爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义宣传教育，常态化开展“五史”宣传教育；加强成就宣传，理直气壮地宣传和报道党在领导文化建设方面的历史性贡献；加强典型宣传，优化英模人物宣传学习机制。另一方面，勇于亮剑，坚持不懈打好舆论斗争主动仗。习近平总书记指出：“宣传思想战线的同志要当战士、不当绅士，不做‘骑墙派’和‘看风派’，不能搞爱惜羽毛那一套。”为打赢意识形态风险防范化解攻坚战，党中央号召有关部门善于掌“时”、合理控“度”、讲求实“效”，运用科学的方法打好舆论斗争主动仗。

(3) Optimizing content construction, promoting the benign interaction between mainstream culture and diverse cultures.

（三）优化内容建设，推动主流文化与多样文化的良性互动

In order to forever preserve its vanguard nature in the torrent of the times, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has proposed to accurately identify changes, respond scientifically, and seek change proactively, emphasizing both the value guidance of mainstream culture and the orderly development of diverse cultures. On the one hand, it upholds the dominance of a single guiding principle and strengthens the value guidance of mainstream culture. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that upholding the dominance of a single guiding principle requires “further strengthening mainstream values, mainstream public opinion, and mainstream culture amid the convergence and integration of various cultures.” To this end, our Party attaches great importance to accelerating the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences, adheres to using the latest theoretical achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times to lead cultural construction in the New Era, encourages in-depth exploration of the theoretical implications and educational value of historical and cultural resources, and optimizes the supply mechanism for cultural services and cultural products. On the other hand, it strengthens screening and differentiation, scientifically guiding the orderly development of diverse cultures. “Cultural forms within a given social structure and social development process often coexist in diversity.” [14]14 This is a quotation from a Chinese scholarly source, reflecting the view that multiple cultural forms coexist within any given social structure. It is based on this understanding that the Party is committed to promoting the dual enhancement of order and vitality in the social cultural ecosystem, advocating vigorously developing advanced culture, striving to transform backward culture, and resolutely resisting decadent culture.

为了在时代洪流中永葆先进性，以习近平同志为核心的党中央提出要准确识变、科学应变、主动求变，既注重主流文化的价值引领又兼顾多样文化的有序发展。一方面，坚持一元主导，强化主流文化的价值引领。习近平总书记强调，坚持一元主导必须“在各种文化交汇融合中进一步壮大主流价值、主流舆论、主流文化”。为此，我们党高度重视加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系，坚持以马克思主义中国化时代化的最新理论成果统领新时代文化建设，鼓励深入挖掘历史文脉资源的理论蕴含和育人价值，优化文化服务和文化产品供给机制。另一方面，加强筛选鉴别，科学引导多样文化的有序发展。“一定社会结构和社会发展进程中的文化形态往往是多样并存的。”正是基于这一认识，党致力于促进社会文化生态秩序与活力的双重提升，倡导大力发展先进文化、努力改造落后文化、坚决抵制腐朽文化。

(4) Manage the front-line positions well, promoting the articulation and resonance between real-world positions and online positions

（四）管好前沿阵地，促进现实阵地与网络阵地的衔接共振

Currently, the battlefield of ideological struggle has quietly expanded from the purely real space to the vast domain where the real and the online intertwine. Facing this situation, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core emphasizes the need to occupy strategic high ground and seize strategic opportunities, and must plan according to the situation, act in response to the situation, and follow the trend, deeply integrating the traditional advantages of real-world positions with the technological advantages of online positions. On the one hand, it holds firm to real-world positions and fortifies the security line of thought and culture. Our Party increasingly emphasizes building and consolidating social science theoretical positions such as Party schools, cadre academies, academies of social sciences, universities, and theoretical study groups of central committees; effectively leveraging the role of ideological and theoretical work platforms such as the Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project, the Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, and Schools of Marxism; and solidly carrying out specialized training in propaganda and outreach, research and interpretation, and popularization of social sciences. Relying on cultural facilities such as museums, memorial halls, exhibition halls, and libraries, as well as cultural practice positions such as community New Era Civilization Practice Stations and comprehensive cultural service centers, it carries out a rich variety of public-interest cultural activities, ensuring that cultural achievements truly benefit all the people. On the other hand, it builds online positions and creates a clean and upright cyberspace. Our Party proactively utilizes cutting-edge technological means such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing to promote the transformation of the Party’s propaganda, thought, and cultural work from a planar, linear model to a three-dimensional, multi-dimensional one.

当前，意识形态斗争的战场已悄然从单纯的现实空间扩展到现实与网络交织的广阔领域。面对这一形势，以习近平同志为核心的党中央强调要占领战略高地、抢占战略先机，必须因势而谋、应势而动、顺势而为，将现实阵地的传统优势与网络阵地的技术优势深度融合。一方面，坚守现实阵地，筑牢思想文化的安全防线。我们党愈发重视建设和巩固党校、干部学院、社会科学院、高校、理论学习中心组等社科理论阵地，切实发挥马克思主义理论研究和建设工程、中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心、马克思主义学院等思想理论工作平台的作用，扎实开展宣传宣讲、研究阐释、社科普及等专题培训；依托博物馆、陈列馆、展览馆、图书馆等文化设施以及社区新时代文明实践站、综合文化服务中心等文化实践阵地，开展丰富多彩的公益性文化活动，确保文化成果真正惠及全体人民。另一方面，建设网络阵地，营造风清气正的网络空间。我们党主动借助人工智能、大数据、云计算等前沿技术手段，促进党的宣传思想文化工作由平面线性向立体多维延伸。

(5) Assemble the talent team, strengthening the collaborative governance of multiple subjects under the leadership of Party committees

（五）聚合人才队伍，强化党委领导下多元主体的协同共治

On the new journey, our Party not only emphasizes the continued implementation of Party committees’ leadership responsibilities for propaganda, thought, and cultural work, but also focuses on gathering wisdom from broader social fields. On the one hand, it strengthens the “backbone” and consolidates the main responsibilities of Party committees (Party leadership groups) at all levels. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core explicitly requires Party committees (Party leadership groups) at all levels to strengthen guidance on the direction of progress, “dare to grasp and manage all political, principled, and directional issues,” and comprehensively coordinate difficult issues concerning the direction and overall situation of cultural construction; to strengthen leadership in organizational construction, carefully select and rationally allocate leading bodies at all levels, prompting them to “truly become convincing experts in their fields”; and to strengthen guidance in service guarantees, increasing guidance on cultural projects benefiting the people and promoting their implementation and effectiveness. On the other hand, it employs a “combined punch” and consolidates the synergy of collaborative governance among multiple subjects. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, our Party accelerates the establishment of a cultural talent echelon, strives to cultivate and form a large-scale, well-structured, and vibrant team of outstanding cultural talents, actively cultivates and selects reserve leading talents in fields such as philosophy and social sciences, news and publishing, culture and arts, and international cultural exchange and cooperation, and absorbs talents from new media and new business forms, grassroots propaganda and cultural backbone personnel, and inheritors of intangible cultural heritage into the cultural talent pool. It extensively carries out mass activities for the creation of cultural-ethical progress, effectively mobilizes the initiative of government management, corporate responsibility, social supervision, and public participation, and encourages them to become disseminators of scientific theory, advanced culture, correct public opinion, and civilized customs.

新征程上，我们党不仅重视持续落实党委对宣传思想文化工作的领导责任，也注重面向更广阔的社会领域汇集智慧。一方面，强化“主心骨”，压实各级党委（党组）主体责任。以习近平同志为核心的党中央明确要求各级党委（党组）在前进方向上加强引导，“对各种政治性、原则性、导向性问题要敢抓敢管”，统筹把握事关文化建设方向性和全局性的难点问题；在组织建设上加强主导，精心选拔并合理配置各级领导班子，促使其“真正成为让人信服的行家里手”；在服务保障上强化指导，加大对文化惠民工程的指导力度并推动其落地见效。另一方面，打好“组合拳”，凝聚多元主体协同共治合力。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，我们党加快建立文化人才梯队，着力培育形成一支规模宏大、结构合理、充满活力的优秀文化人才队伍，积极培养选拔哲学社会科学、新闻出版、文化艺术和国际文化交流合作等领域后备领军人才，吸纳新媒体新业态人才、基层宣传文化骨干人才、非物质文化遗产传承人进入文化人才库；广泛开展群众性精神文明创建活动，切实调动政府管理、企业履责、社会监督及公众参与的积极性，鼓励其成为科学理论、先进文化、正确舆论和文明风尚的传播者。

Source: *Teaching and Research*, Issue 1, 2025

文章来源：《教学与研究》2025年1期

Online Editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆