Uphold the Dialectical Unity of Breaking and Establishing, Deepen and Solidify Further Comprehensive Deepening of Reform

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the special seminar for principal leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial level on studying and implementing the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC that upholding the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing, and further comprehensively deepening reform, must adhere to taking institutional improvement as the main line, and should more prominently highlight breaking and establishing simultaneously, establishing before breaking. This important exposition provides a fundamental guideline and points out the direction forward for correctly handling the relationship between breaking and establishing in further comprehensively deepening reform.

习近平总书记在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神专题研讨班上强调，坚持破和立的辩证统一，进一步全面深化改革，要坚持以制度建设为主线，更应突出破立并举、先立后破。这一重要论述，为进一步全面深化改革中正确处理破和立的关系提供了根本遵循、指明了前进方向。

Deeply comprehend the significant theoretical and practical significance of upholding the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing

深刻领会坚持破和立辩证统一的重大理论和实践意义

Upholding the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing profoundly summarizes the successful experience of guiding China’s revolution, construction, and reform practice with the basic principles of Marxism, and is an important achievement of integrating the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities. Reforms, changes, and social revolutions in history all possess the duality of breaking and establishing. Breaking and establishing run through the great process of China’s revolution, construction, and reform. During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, adhering to the revolutionary thought of “without breaking, there can be no establishing,” the “three big mountains” [1]1 The “three big mountains” refers to imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, which the Chinese Communist Party identified as the main oppressors of the Chinese people before 1949. were completely overthrown through armed struggle, and a people’s democratic regime was established. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, adhering to the combination of breaking and establishing, proceeding step by step, socialist transformation was steadily advanced, and a socialist economic system was established. During the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, adhering to breaking while establishing, and piloting before full implementation, reform deepened from rural to urban areas, from coastal to inland regions, from partial to overall. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping, applying the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, has scientifically summarized the historical experience of reform, promoting reform to exert force comprehensively, achieve breakthroughs at multiple points, proceed steadily and rapidly, and advance in depth within the unity of breaking and establishing. Many fields have achieved historic transformations, systemic restructuring, and overall reconstruction, and the cause of the Party and the state has radiated new vitality.

坚持破和立的辩证统一，深刻总结了以马克思主义基本原理指导中国革命、建设和改革实践的成功经验，是马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合的重要成果。历史上的改革、变革和社会革命都具有破和立的二重性。破和立贯穿中国革命、建设和改革的伟大进程。新民主主义革命时期，坚持“不破不立”的革命思想，通过武装斗争彻底推翻“三座大山”，建立人民民主政权。社会主义革命和建设时期，坚持破立结合、循序渐进，稳步推进社会主义改造，建立起社会主义经济制度。改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，坚持边破边立、先行先试，改革从农村到城市、从沿海到内地、从局部到整体不断深化。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记运用马克思主义立场观点方法，科学总结改革历史经验，在破立统一中推动改革全面发力、多点突破、蹄疾步稳、纵深推进，许多领域实现历史性变革、系统性重塑、整体性重构，党和国家事业焕发出新的生机活力。

Upholding the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing inherits and develops the essence of Marxist thought and the wisdom essence of fine traditional Chinese culture, and is an important achievement of integrating the basic principles of Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture. Breaking is the critique and negation of old things; establishing is the construction and affirmation of new things. The two are irreplaceable and mutually presuppose each other. In traditional Chinese culture, concepts such as discarding the old and introducing the new, abolishing the old and establishing the new, weeding out the old to bring forth the new, and expelling the stale and taking in the fresh contain the historical law of breaking the old and establishing the new, manifesting the philosophical wisdom formed by Chinese civilization in thousands of years of historical practice. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly perceived the intrinsic connection between Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture, made a series of important expositions on breaking and establishing, enriched the cultural life of Marxism, and realized the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture.

坚持破和立的辩证统一，继承和发展了马克思主义思想精髓和中华优秀传统文化智慧精华，是马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合的重要成果。破是对旧事物的批判与否定，立是对新事物的构建与肯定，两者不可替代又互为前提。在中国传统文化中，革故鼎新、除旧布新、推陈出新、吐故纳新等理念，蕴含着破旧立新的历史规律，彰显了中华文明在数千年历史实践中形成的哲学智慧。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记深刻洞察马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化的内在联系，对破和立作出一系列重要论述，充实了马克思主义的文化生命，实现了中华优秀传统文化的创造性转化、创新性发展。

Upholding the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing has greatly enriched and developed the epistemology and methodology of reform, and is an important scientific method guiding further comprehensive deepening of reform. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly profoundly expounded the dialectical unity relationship between breaking and establishing, creatively proposed the methodology of “breaking and establishing simultaneously, establishing before breaking,” and made a series of important expositions. Guided by this scientific method, establishing a new development pattern, breaking dependence on the traditional development path; establishing the new development concept, breaking the “GDP-only” outlook [2]2 The “GDP-only” outlook refers to a narrow focus on gross domestic product growth as the sole measure of development performance, which the Party has criticized since the early 2010s in favor of the New Development Concept emphasizing innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing.; establishing supply-side structural reform, breaking supply-demand structural imbalances, etc., the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics has become more mature and more established. At the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that further comprehensively deepening reform must adhere to taking institutional improvement as the main line, strengthen top-level design and overall planning, break and establish simultaneously, establish before breaking, consolidate fundamental systems, improve basic systems, and innovate important systems. These important expositions and practical experiences scientifically answer a series of major theoretical and practical questions such as what to break, what to establish, how to break, and how to establish, systematically promote the development and improvement of the epistemology and methodology of reform, and demonstrate powerful truth charm and practical force in guiding practice.

坚持破和立的辩证统一，极大丰富和发展了改革认识论和方法论，是指导进一步全面深化改革的重要科学方法。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记多次深刻阐述破和立的辩证统一关系，创造性提出“破立并举、先立后破”方法论，并作出一系列重要论述。在这一科学方法指引下，立新发展格局、破传统发展路径依赖，立新发展理念、破“唯GDP论”，立供给侧结构性改革、破供需结构性失衡等等，中国特色社会主义制度更加成熟更加定型。党的二十届三中全会上，习近平总书记强调，进一步全面深化改革，要坚持以制度建设为主线，加强顶层设计、总体谋划，破立并举、先立后破，筑牢根本制度，完善基本制度，创新重要制度。这些重要论述和实践经验科学回答了破什么、立什么、如何破、怎么立等一系列重大理论和实践问题，系统性地推进了改革认识论和方法论的发展和完善，在指导实践中展现出强大的真理魅力和实践伟力。

Completely, accurately, and comprehensively understand and grasp the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing in further comprehensively deepening reform

完整准确全面理解和把握进一步全面深化改革中破和立的辩证统一

Understand and grasp the precise positioning of breaking and establishing, coordinate problem orientation and goal orientation to further comprehensively deepen reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that reform is a process of breaking the old and establishing the new; breaking is the means, establishing is the goal. In the relationship between breaking and establishing, establishing has a foundational and guiding role, is the fundamental goal of reform; breaking clears the path, removes obstacles, and creates conditions for establishing, serving to better establish. Only breaking without establishing will inevitably leave institutional vacuums, leaving people at a loss; only establishing without breaking makes it difficult for new institutions to function effectively, leading to incomplete reform, and what should be established ultimately cannot be established. In further comprehensively deepening reform, we must take the blocking points hindering high-quality development, the difficult issues in people’s livelihoods, and risk issues in various fields as breakthroughs, resolutely eliminate the ideological concepts and institutional mechanism drawbacks that hinder advancing Chinese-path modernization, promote better adaptation between relations of production and productive forces, between the superstructure and the economic base, and between national governance and social development, and provide a strong institutional guarantee for realizing Chinese-path modernization.

理解和把握破和立的准确定位，统筹问题导向和目标导向进一步全面深化改革。习近平总书记强调，改革是一个破旧立新的过程，破是手段，立是目的。在破和立的关系中，立具有基础性和先导性作用，是改革的根本目的，破是为立开辟道路、清除障碍、创造条件，是为了更好地立。只破不立，必然会留下制度真空，让人无所适从；只立不破，新制度难以有效发挥作用，导致改革不彻底，该立的最终无法立起来。进一步全面深化改革中，要以解决阻碍高质量发展的堵点问题、民生方面的难点问题、各领域的风险问题等为突破口，坚决破除妨碍推进中国式现代化的思想观念和体制机制弊端，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，为实现中国式现代化提供坚强有力的制度保证。

Understand and grasp the fundamental political direction of breaking and establishing, ensure that further comprehensively deepening reform always advances along the correct path. Reform involves breaking and establishing; what to break and what to establish all have direction and principles. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that what to reform and how to reform must take as the fundamental yardstick whether it conforms to the general goal of perfecting and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. In further comprehensively deepening reform, coordinating breaking and establishing requires adhering to the Party’s overall leadership, adhering to Marxism, adhering to socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhering to the people’s democratic dictatorship, taking promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing people’s welfare as the starting point and落脚点 [3]3 The Chinese term 落脚点 (luòjiǎo diǎn) literally means “foothold” or “point of arrival,” and in this context is rendered as “end point” to convey the sense of ultimate purpose or final goal., always advancing in the direction of the general goal, resolutely reforming what should be reformed, not reforming what should not be reformed, without wavering, deviating, making unnecessary moves, or pausing, continuously promoting the self-perfection and development of the socialist system, and ensuring that the cause of reform and opening up advances steadily and far.

理解和把握破和立的根本政治方向，确保进一步全面深化改革始终沿着正确道路前进。改革有破有立，破什么、立什么，都是有方向、有原则的。习近平总书记多次强调，改什么、怎么改，必须以是否符合完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的总目标为根本尺度。进一步全面深化改革中，统筹好破和立，要坚持党的全面领导、坚持马克思主义、坚持中国特色社会主义、坚持人民民主专政，以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点，始终朝着总目标的方向前进，该改的坚决改，不该改的不改，不动摇、不偏轨、不折腾、不停顿，不断推动社会主义制度自我完善和发展，确保改革开放事业行稳致远。

Understand and grasp the practical requirements of breaking and establishing simultaneously, establishing before breaking, enhance the systemic nature, holistic nature, and coordination of further comprehensively deepening reform. Further comprehensively deepening reform is a systematic project, presenting prominent characteristics such as deep involvement of interests, great difficulty in tackling tough issues, and strong interconnectedness, where a single move may affect the whole situation. Upholding the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing requires breaking and establishing simultaneously, establishing before breaking; what should be established must be actively established, established stably and firmly, workable and truly effective; what should be broken must be broken in a timely manner, resolutely, and thoroughly on the basis of establishing, achieving steady and rapid reform in the unity of breaking and establishing. It is necessary to fully demonstrate and carefully design various reform measures, conduct in-depth risk assessments, fully consider possible impacts, be adept at accurately grasping the timing, intensity, and effectiveness of reform from the contradictory unity of breaking and establishing, act after careful planning, proceed step by step, rationally arrange the strategic priorities, sequence, and timing of reform measures, seek the best balance point between abolishing old drawbacks and establishing new systems, achieve a dynamic balance of establishing within breaking and breaking within establishing, and allow various reform measures to release maximum effectiveness in systemic integration.

理解和把握破立并举、先立后破的实践要求，增强进一步全面深化改革的系统性整体性协同性。进一步全面深化改革是一项系统工程，呈现触及利益深、攻坚难度大、关联性联动性强等突出特点，牵一发而动全身。坚持破和立的辩证统一，要破立并举、先立后破，该立的要积极主动立起来，立得稳、立得住，行得通、真管用，该破的在立的基础上及时破、坚决破、彻底破，在破立统一中实现改革蹄疾步稳。要充分论证、精心设计各项改革举措，深入开展风险评估，充分考虑可能产生的影响，善于从破和立对立统一的矛盾中准确把握改革的时度效，谋定而动、循序渐进，合理安排改革举措的战略重点、先后顺序、节奏时机，在破除旧弊与确立新制之间寻求最佳平衡点，实现立中有破、破中有立的动态平衡，让各项改革举措在系统集成中释放出最大效能。

Integrate the adherence to the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing throughout all fields and the entire process of economic system reform

将坚持破和立的辩证统一贯穿到经济体制改革各领域全过程

The National Development and Reform Commission will adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, comprehensively implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, adhere to the scientific method of the dialectical unity of breaking and establishing, face contradictions and problems without flinching, eradicate stubborn and chronic maladies without ambiguity, respond to risks and challenges without retreating, take the initiative, be good at achieving results, ensure the implementation and landing of economic system reform tasks, and strive to open up new horizons for reform and development.

国家发展改革委将坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神，坚持破和立辩证统一的科学方法，直面矛盾问题不回避，铲除顽瘴痼疾不含糊，应对风险挑战不退缩，主动作为、善作善成，抓好经济体制改革任务落实落地，奋力打开改革发展新天地。

Accelerate the construction of a high-level socialist market economy system. Resolutely dismantle institutional barriers that hinder the functioning of market mechanisms, create a fairer and more vibrant market environment that is both “able to let go” and “able to manage well,” and stimulate the endogenous dynamism and innovation vitality of the whole society. Uphold and implement the “two unswervinglys,”[4]4 The “two unswervinglys” (两个毫不动摇) refer to the Party’s policy of unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector of the economy and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector. implement guidance for optimizing and adjusting the layout of the state-owned economy, accelerate the establishment of an evaluation system for state-owned enterprises to fulfill their strategic missions, promote the prompt enactment of the *Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of the Private Economy*, improve the multi-tiered mechanism for regular communication and exchange with private enterprises, and further refine the long-term mechanism for private enterprises to participate in the construction of major national projects. Deeply implement the guidelines for building a unified national market, revise and issue the negative list for market access (2025 edition), and comprehensively advance pilot reforms for the market-based allocation of factors of production. Implement special actions to boost consumption, improve management mechanisms and industry standards in new consumption areas, and promote “AI + consumption.” Establish a long-term mechanism for government investment to support the construction of major projects that are foundational, public-welfare-oriented, and long-term. Expand and increase the capacity of real estate investment trusts (REITs) in the infrastructure sector. Improve and utilize the working mechanism for assessing the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientations, better leverage the strategic guiding role of national development plans, and carry out the compilation of the outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan.

加快构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制。坚决破除阻碍市场机制发挥作用的制度障碍，创造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境，既“放得活”又“管得住”，激发全社会内生动力和创新活力。坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，实施国有经济布局优化和结构调整指引，加快建立国有企业履行战略使命评价制度，推动《中华人民共和国民营经济促进法》尽快出台，健全多层次与民营企业常态化沟通交流机制，进一步完善民营企业参与国家重大项目建设的长效机制。深入实施全国统一大市场建设指引，修订出台市场准入负面清单（2025年版），全面推进要素市场化配置综合改革试点。实施提振消费专项行动，完善新型消费领域管理机制和行业标准，促进“人工智能+消费”。建立政府投资支持基础性、公益性、长远性重大项目建设长效机制。推动基础设施领域不动产投资信托基金（REITs）扩围扩容。健全和用好宏观政策取向一致性评估工作机制，更好发挥国家发展规划战略导向作用，做好“十五五”规划纲要编制工作。

Build a modern industrial system. Persist in focusing the economy on the real economy, break free from the path dependence of traditional development models, unblock the bottlenecks and difficulties in the development of new quality productive forces, and cultivate new quality productive forces guided by scientific and technological innovation. Issue opinions on developing new quality productive forces and opinions on enhancing the innovation capacity of industrial science and technology. Establish a national venture capital guidance fund. Establish a mechanism for increasing investment in future industries, actively cultivate and develop future industries such as biomedicine, quantum technology, embodied intelligence, and 6G. Carry out actions to cultivate emerging industries and create new drivers of growth, issue policies to promote the high-quality development of the low-altitude economy, and establish and improve foundational systems for commercial aerospace. Deepen pilot projects for the integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries. Issue policy measures to resolve structural contradictions in key industries. Issue policies to establish and improve a data property rights system, cultivate a national integrated data market, and promote the high-quality development of data trading institutions, thereby promoting the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy.

建设现代化产业体系。坚持把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，破除传统发展模式的路径依赖，打通新质生产力发展的堵点难点，以科技创新为引领培育新质生产力。出台发展新质生产力的意见和提升产业科技创新能力的意见。设立国家创业投资引导基金。建立未来产业投入增长机制，积极培育发展生物制造、量子科技、具身智能、6G等未来产业。开展培育新兴产业打造新动能行动，出台促进低空经济高质量发展的政策，建立健全商业航天基础性制度。深化先进制造业和现代服务业融合发展试点。出台化解重点产业结构性矛盾的政策措施。出台建立健全数据产权制度、培育全国一体化数据市场、促进数据交易机构高质量发展的政策，促进实体经济和数字经济深度融合。

Promote coordinated development between urban and rural areas and among regions. Coordinate new-type industrialization, new-type urbanization, and comprehensive rural revitalization, leverage the superposition effect of regional strategies, strive to break the urban-rural dual structure and narrow regional and urban-rural development gaps, and accelerate the construction of a regional economic layout and territorial space system with complementary advantages, as well as systems for equal exchange and two-way flow of urban and rural factors. Deeply advance people-centered new-type urbanization, increase support for the construction of basic public services in population inflow areas, promote the formulation of implementation measures based on “one city, one policy,” and scientifically and orderly advance the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population. Consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, and orderly advance the pilot project for extending rural land contracts for another 30 years upon the expiration of the second round of contracts. Improve the mechanism for implementing the regional coordinated development strategy, and compile a number of key special plans and regional plans. Support major economic provinces in shouldering heavy responsibilities, and formulate support policies in areas such as factor guarantees, scientific and technological innovation, and pioneering trials in reform and opening up. Deepen industrial collaboration among the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions, and promote the orderly gradient transfer of industries.

促进城乡区域协调发展。统筹新型工业化、新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴，发挥区域战略叠加效应，着力打破城乡二元结构、缩小区域和城乡发展差距，加快构建优势互补的区域经济布局和国土空间体系、城乡要素平等交换双向流动等制度。深入推进以人为本的新型城镇化，加大对人口流入地基本公共服务建设的支持力度，推动“一城一策”制定实施办法，科学有序推进农业转移人口市民化。巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，有序推进第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年试点。完善实施区域协调发展战略机制，编制一批重点专项规划和区域规划。支持经济大省挑大梁，在要素保障、科技创新、改革开放先行先试等方面制定支持政策。深化东、中、西、东北地区产业协作，推动产业有序梯度转移。

Build a new system for a higher-standard open economy. Adhere to promoting reform and development through opening up, focus on issues such as unbalanced and insufficient opening up, insufficient institutional opening up, and the relative lag in opening up the service sector, coordinate “bringing in” and “going global,” enhance the capacity for opening up in expanding international cooperation, and achieve a leap in the level of opening up in the dynamic balance between “breaking old barriers” and “establishing new mechanisms.” Actively align with high-standard international economic and trade rules, orderly expand autonomous opening up and unilateral opening up, and steadily expand institutional opening up in terms of rules, regulations, management, and standards. Deepen reforms in the systems and mechanisms for promoting foreign investment, implement the negative list for foreign investment access, and issue the catalogue of industries encouraged for foreign investment (2025 edition). Promote the improvement of quality and efficiency of pilot free trade zones and expand the authorization of reform tasks, and accelerate the implementation of core policies for the Hainan Free Trade Port. Strengthen the top-level design for the high-quality development of the Golden Decade of Belt and Road cooperation,[5]5 The “Golden Decade” refers to the period from 2023 onward, marking the tenth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative and a phase of higher-quality development. guide the healthy, safe, and orderly development of outbound investment, and optimize the international cooperation layout of industrial and supply chains.

建设更高水平开放型经济新体制。坚持以开放促改革、促发展，围绕开放不平衡不充分、制度型开放不足、服务业开放相对滞后等问题，统筹“引进来”和“走出去”，在扩大国际合作中提升开放能力，在“破除旧藩篱”与“建立新机制”的动态平衡中实现开放能级跃升。主动对接国际高标准经贸规则，有序扩大自主开放和单边开放，稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放。深化外商投资促进体制机制改革，实施好外商准入负面清单，发布鼓励外商投资产业目录（2025年版）。推动自贸试验区提质增效和扩大改革任务授权，加快推进海南自由贸易港核心政策落地。强化金色十年共建“一带一路”高质量发展顶层设计，引导对外投资健康安全有序发展，优化产业链供应链国际合作布局。

Strive to ensure and improve people’s livelihoods. Adhere to doing one’s utmost within one’s capacity, focus on solving the most direct and practical interests of the people, such as structural employment contradictions, the “one old, one young” issue,[6]6 “One old, one young” (一老一小) is a Chinese policy shorthand for the elderly and young children, whose care and services are a major focus of social policy. and difficulties in seeing a doctor and seeking medical treatment, and advance reforms in key areas. Improve the mechanism for promoting high-quality and full employment, perfect the employment support system for key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, and veterans, and support labor-intensive industries in absorbing and stabilizing employment. Strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of workers in flexible employment and new forms of employment, further remove the household registration restrictions for participating in social insurance at the place of employment, and improve policies for the transfer and continuation of social insurance relationships. Improve policies and mechanisms for developing the elderly care industry and elderly care services, and vigorously develop the silver economy. Formulate policies to promote childbirth, and increase the supply of inclusive childcare services. Continuously deepen reforms in the payment methods for medical insurance, implement and improve the settlement of medical treatment in different places, and accelerate the expansion, sinking, and balanced layout of medical resources. Do a good job in ensuring supply and stabilizing prices of important livelihood commodities, and adopt comprehensive measures to keep the prices of grain and other important agricultural products at a reasonable level. Better leverage the role of central budget investment, and support post-disaster emergency recovery in affected areas.

着力保障和改善民生。坚持尽力而为、量力而行，着眼解决好结构性就业矛盾、“一老一小”、看病就医等人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，推进重点领域改革。健全高质量充分就业促进机制，完善高校毕业生、农民工、退役军人等重点群体就业支持体系，支持劳动密集型产业吸纳和稳定就业。加强灵活就业和新就业形态劳动者权益保障，进一步取消在就业地参保户籍限制，完善社保关系转移接续政策。完善发展养老事业和养老产业政策机制，大力发展银发经济。制定促进生育政策，增加普惠托育服务供给。持续深化医保支付方式改革，落实和完善异地就医结算，加快推进医疗资源扩容下沉和均衡布局。做好重要民生商品保供稳价工作，综合施策推动粮食等重要农产品价格保持在合理水平。更好发挥中央预算内投资作用，支持受灾地区灾后应急恢复。

Improve the mechanism for green and low-carbon development. Anchor the goal of building a Beautiful China, break through problems such as insufficient endogenous momentum for green transformation and high energy consumption and high carbon emissions in the industrial structure, and synergistically advance carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and economic growth, promoting a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. Improve the policy and standard system supporting green and low-carbon development, and accelerate the cultivation and expansion of green and low-carbon industries. Improve the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products. Continuously build a dual-control system for carbon emissions,[7]7 The “dual-control system for carbon emissions” (碳排放双控制度体系) refers to controlling both the total amount and the intensity of carbon emissions. formulate and issue a comprehensive evaluation and assessment method for carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and establish and improve a statistical accounting system for carbon emissions, a product carbon labeling certification system, and a product carbon footprint management system. Promote the construction of the national carbon emissions trading market, the voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction trading market, and the green electricity certificate market. Release the second batch of lists of advanced green and low-carbon technology demonstration projects, solidly carry out the second batch of national carbon peak pilot projects, and issue a plan for building zero-carbon industrial parks. Orderly advance innovation in carbon financial products and derivative instruments, and develop green insurance.

健全绿色低碳发展机制。锚定美丽中国建设目标，破除绿色转型内生动力不足、产业结构高耗能高碳排放等问题，协同推进降碳减污扩绿增长，推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型。完善支持绿色低碳发展的政策和标准体系，加快培育壮大绿色低碳产业。健全生态产品价值实现机制。持续构建碳排放双控制度体系，制定出台碳达峰碳中和综合评价考核办法，建立健全碳排放统计核算体系、产品碳标识认证制度、产品碳足迹管理体系。推动全国碳排放权交易市场、温室气体自愿减排交易市场、绿色电力证书市场建设。发布第二批绿色低碳先进技术示范项目清单，扎实开展第二批国家碳达峰试点，出台零碳园区建设方案。有序推进碳金融产品和衍生工具创新，发展绿色保险。

(The author is Secretary of the Party Leadership Group and Director of the National Development and Reform Commission)

（作者系国家发展改革委党组书记、主任）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心