Taking Institutional Development as the Main Line to Lead Further Comprehensive Deepening of Reform

The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision"), adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, proposes that one of the basic principles of further comprehensively deepening reform is to adhere to taking institutional development as the main line, strengthen top-level design and overall planning, promote both establishment and abolition while prioritizing establishment over abolition, consolidate foundational institutions, improve basic institutions, and innovate important institutions. The Decision's confirmation of the main line for further comprehensively deepening reform is both a summary of the historical experience of comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era and a guide for action in further comprehensively deepening reform on the new journey. It holds important theoretical and practical significance for our profound understanding of the spirit of the plenary session and for practicing further comprehensively deepening reform.

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》）提出，进一步全面深化改革的基本原则之一，是坚持以制度建设为主线，加强顶层设计、总体谋划，破立并举、先立后破，筑牢根本制度，完善基本制度，创新重要制度。《决定》关于进一步全面深化改革的主线的确认，既是对新时代全面深化改革历史经验的总结，也是新征程上进一步全面深化改革的行动指南，对于我们深刻领会全会精神，践行进一步全面深化改革，具有重要的理论与现实意义。

The Profound Connotation of Institutional Development for Comprehensively Deepening Reform

制度建设对于全面深化改革的深刻内涵

In the process of comprehensively deepening reform, compared with other elements and pathways, institutional development is a key choice for ensuring the political direction of reform, stimulating the vitality of social development, and providing strong momentum and rule-based guarantees for modernization. It is a fundamental measure of a holistic, long-term, and enduring nature to ensure the stable and sustained progress of Chinese-path modernization. Advancing comprehensively deepening reform with institutional development as the main line prominently highlights the strategic thinking of the New Era's comprehensively deepening reform in grasping the key, highlighting priorities, and leading the overall situation, seizing the principal aspect of the principal contradiction. It embodies a profound grasp of the laws governing comprehensively deepening reform.

在全面深化改革的进程中，相对于其他要素和路径，制度建设是确保改革的政治方向，激发社会发展活力，为现代化发展提供强大动力和规则保障的关键选择，是保障中国式现代化行稳致远的全局性、长期性和持久性的根本举措。以制度建设为主线推进全面深化改革，突出显示了新时代全面深化改革牵引关键、突出重点和引领全局，抓住主要矛盾的主要方面的战略思路，体现着对于全面深化改革规律的深刻把握。

The driving force of institutional development is the development of the basic social contradictions and the principal contradiction. The starting point for taking institutional development as the main line to lead further comprehensively deepening reform lies in further liberating and developing social productive forces, stimulating and enhancing social vitality, thereby promoting better alignment between relations of production and productive forces, between the superstructure and the economic base, and between national governance and social development, providing strong momentum and institutional guarantees for Chinese-path modernization.

制度建设的动力是社会基本矛盾和主要矛盾的发展。以制度建设为主线挈领进一步全面深化改革的出发点在于，进一步解放和发展社会生产力、激发和增强社会活力，由此推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。

Institutional development adheres to seeking truth from facts and proceeds from reality to advance comprehensively deepening reform. Institutional development implies the adjustment of social interest relations and interest structures. Adjusting and optimizing interest relations and interest patterns is the basic content of comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization. On the basis of optimizing and adjusting social interest relations and interest patterns, institutional development, through rule optimization and innovation, breaks down the barriers of vested interests, leading and promoting the growth, formation, and maturation of fair, just, and reasonable interest relations and interest patterns.

制度建设秉持实事求是，从实际出发的原则推进全面深化改革。制度建设意味着社会利益关系和利益结构的调整。调整和优化利益关系和利益格局，是全面深化改革，推进中国式现代化的基本内容。在优化和调整社会利益关系和利益格局的基础上，制度建设以规则优化和创新方式，打破既得利益的藩篱，挈领和推进公平公正合理的利益关系和利益格局成长、成型和成熟。

Institutional development promotes the adjustment, optimization, improvement, and development of the relationship between power and rights. Institutional development first involves the allocation of power and the adjustment of power relations, including optimizing the setup of political institutions such as the ruling party and the state, and adjusting the allocation of power and power relations between government and market, state and society, and central and local authorities. Secondly, it involves improving the relationship between state political power and responsibility. Thirdly, it involves optimizing the relationship between power and rights. Finally, it involves improving the relationship between citizens' rights and obligations.

制度建设促进权力与权利关系的调整、优化、完善和发展。制度建设首先涉及权力配置和权力关系调整，包括优化执政党与国家等政治机构设置、调整政府与市场、国家与社会、中央与地方的权力配置和权力关系。其次，涉及国家政治权力与责任关系完善。再次，涉及权力与权利的关系优化。最后，涉及公民权利与义务关系的改进。

Institutional development is the holistic, systematic, and synergistic optimization and improvement of the rules governing the organizational form of the state. It is a supply-side structural reform of institutions in the process of modern state building. Institutional development means continuously carrying out supply-side structural optimization and reform of institutions based on the demand for institutional supply in the process of modernization, constantly improving the institutional framework, consolidating foundational institutions, improving basic institutions, innovating important institutions, promoting the socialist system with Chinese characteristics to become more mature and well-defined, and continuously raising the level of modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

制度建设是国家组织方式的规则的整体、系统和协同优化与完善，是现代国家建设进程中的制度供给侧结构性改革。制度建设就是根据现代化进程对于制度供给的需求，持续进行制度供给侧结构性优化和改革，不断健全制度框架，筑牢根本制度，完善基本制度，创新重要制度，推动中国特色社会主义制度更加成熟更加定型，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平不断提高。

Institutional development inherently contains the reform philosophy and strategy of promoting both establishment and abolition while prioritizing establishment over abolition. It is an organic combination of top-level design and practical exploration, practicality and constructiveness, and is a dynamic, gradual, and long-term development process. Facing new situations and tasks, it is necessary to further comprehensively deepen reform, continue to improve institutional mechanisms in all aspects, consolidate foundations, enhance strengths, shore up weaknesses, and strengthen weak links, continuously better transforming China's institutional advantages into national governance effectiveness.

制度建设内含着破立并举、先立后破的改革哲学和方略，是顶层设计与经验探索、实践性与建构性的有机结合，是动态的、渐进的和长期的发展过程。面对新的形势和任务，必须进一步全面深化改革，继续完善各方面制度机制，固根基、扬优势、补短板、强弱项，不断把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能。

The Leading Function of Institutional Development for Comprehensively Deepening Reform

制度建设对于全面深化改革的挈领功能

Institutional development is an important pathway for realizing the "Two Integrations" in comprehensively deepening reform. Through institutional development, contemporary Chinese Marxism can be combined with the modernization practice of hundreds of millions of people in the form of norms and rules, and combined with the excellent traditional Chinese culture, enabling the excellent traditional Chinese culture to achieve creative transformation and innovative development through institutional optimization and innovation.

制度建设是在全面深化改革中实现“两个结合”的重要路径。通过制度建设，当代中国马克思主义可以以规范和规则的形态与亿万人民的现代化建设实践相结合，与中华优秀传统文化相结合，使得中华优秀传统文化凭借制度优化和创新得以创造性转化和创新性发展。

Institutional development is the key pivot for further liberating productive forces and stimulating society's endogenous driving force and innovation vitality. The continuous development of social productive forces, especially the development of new quality productive forces, puts forward new requirements for the adjustment and adaptation of relations of production and the superstructure. These requirements need to be met by continuing to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

制度建设是进一步解放生产力、激发社会内生动力和创新活力的关键枢机。社会生产力的持续发展，尤其是新质生产力的发展，对于生产关系和上层建筑的调整和适应提出了新的要求，这些要求都需要通过继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化来予以满足。

Institutional development is an authoritative lever for reasonably and legally regulating and optimizing social interest relations and patterns. Systematic, complete, scientifically standardized, and effectively functioning institutional development is the political pathway and authoritative lever for confirming, constructing, and shaping reasonable and legal social interest relations and patterns. The fruits of modernization are shared more and more fairly among all the people.

制度建设是合理合法调节和优化社会利益关系和格局的权威杠杆。系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度建设，则是确认、构建和塑造合理合法的社会利益关系和利益格局的政治途径和权威杠杆。现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。

Institutional development is the main track for modern state building and development. The process of institutional development is essentially a process of regulating and optimizing political power, citizens' rights, and their interrelationships through modern state institutional development, and a process of standardizing, legalizing, and making effective the achievements of this construction in the form of institutions. Institutional development must firmly rely on the political and legal authority of the Party and the state, solve the so-called "paradox of institutional reform," and promote the development of the national governance system and institutional development.

制度建设是现代国家建设和发展的主要轨道。制度建设的过程本质上是以现代国家制度建设规范和优化政治权力、公民权利及其相互关系的过程，是以制度的形式把其中的建设成果予以规范化、法治化和效能化的过程。制度建设必须紧紧依靠党和国家的政治和法律权威，破解所谓“制度改革悖论”，推进国家治理体系和制度建设的发展。

Institutional development is a specific hub for implementing core socialist values and coordinating and balancing multiple social values. It is an endogenous driving force for guiding, regulating, and adjusting people's behavior and modes of conduct, and for promoting the realization of people's comprehensive development. Through institutional development and construction, good laws and good governance are established and implemented. Combining Marxist and core values education, the construction of socialist cultural-ethical progress and moral norms, comprehensively cultivating and shaping modern personality and cultural consciousness, guiding and regulating people's modes of conduct, forming a modern personality and institutional civilization that respects, follows, complies with, and adheres to institutions, and consolidating the cultural foundation of Chinese-path modernization.

制度建设是贯彻社会主义核心价值观和协调平衡社会多重价值的特定枢纽，是引导、规范和调整人的行为和行为方式，推动实现人的全面发展的内生动能。通过制度建设和发展，构建和施行良法善治，结合马克思主义和核心价值观教育、社会主义精神文明和道德规范建设，综合培育和塑造现代人格和文化自觉，引导和规范人们的行为方式，形成尊崇制度、遵循制度、遵行制度和遵照制度的现代人格和制度文明，巩固中国式现代化的文化根基。

Institutional development is a powerful guarantee for responding to major risks and challenges and promoting the stable and sustained progress of the Party and the state's undertakings. Currently, domestically and internationally, changes unseen in a century are accelerating, local conflicts and turmoil are frequent, global issues are intensifying, and China's development has entered a period where strategic opportunities and risks challenges coexist, with increasing uncertainties and unpredictable factors. An important pathway for preventing and defusing risks and effectively responding to challenges is to improve institutional guarantees.

制度建设是应对重大风险挑战、推动党和国家事业行稳致远的强大保障。当前，国内国际百年未有之大变局加速发展，局部冲突和动荡频发，全球性问题加剧，我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期。防范化解风险、有效应对挑战的重要路径，就是完善制度保障。

Implementation Pathways for Taking Institutional Development to Lead Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform

以制度建设挈领进一步全面深化改革的实施路径

Strengthen the Party's overall leadership and improve the Party's leadership level over institutional development. In further comprehensively deepening reform, it is necessary to improve the Party's leadership level and long-term governance capacity, innovate and improve leadership methods and governance methods, deepen the reform of the Party building system, deeply advance the construction of clean governance and the fight against corruption, improve mechanisms for concretizing, refining, and normalizing political supervision, and be pragmatic, courageous, and effective in grasping institutional implementation and enforcement. It is necessary to strengthen the Party's leadership, execution, and coordination capabilities for institutional development and reform practice, transform the Party's ideological, political, organizational, and disciplinary advantages into national governance effectiveness, and better lead the modernization of national governance with "comprehensive and strict governance of the Party."

加强党的全面领导，提高党对制度建设的领导水平。在进一步全面深化改革中，要提高党的领导水平和长期执政能力，创新和改进领导方式和执政方式，深化党的建设制度改革，深入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争，健全政治监督具体化、精准化、常态化机制，求真务实、敢作善为抓好制度落实和制度执行。要强化党对于制度建设和改革实践的领导力、执行力和协同力，把党的思想、政治、组织、纪律诸多优势转化为国家治理效能，更好地以“全面从严治党”引领国家治理现代化。

Be people-centered, build institutions for the people, reform institutions to serve the people, and innovate institutions by relying on the people. Taking institutional development as the main line to lead further comprehensively deepening reform must adhere to being people-centered, plan and advance reform from the perspective of the people's overall interests, fundamental interests, and long-term interests, plan, design, construct, and reform institutions, and optimize and innovate institutional mechanisms.

以人民为中心，为了人民建设制度，服务人民改革制度，依靠人民创新制度。以制度建设为主线挈领进一步全面深化改革，必须坚持以人民为中心，从人民整体利益、根本利益、长远利益出发谋划和推进改革，谋划、设计、构建和改革制度，优化和创新体制机制。

Institutional development unfolds around the general objectives of further comprehensively deepening reform and the central tasks of the Party, with economic system reform as the driving force and advancing through the rule-of-law mindset and rule-of-law methods. Taking institutional development as the main line to lead the further comprehensive deepening of reform, using the further comprehensive deepening of reform to advance Chinese-path modernization, and using Chinese-path modernization to advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, thereby realizing the all-round development of the individual—this is the roadmap for Chinese-path modernization drawn by Chinese Communists on the new journey of the New Era, and it is the advancing logic and practical strategy by which the Party unites and leads the people to realize the original aspiration and founding mission and the ideal and conviction.

制度建设围绕进一步全面深化改革总目标和党的中心任务展开，以经济体制改革为牵引，以法治思维和法治方式推进。以制度建设为主线挈领进一步全面深化改革，以进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化，以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴，实现人的全面发展，是中国共产党人在新时代新征程勾画的中国式现代化的路线图，是党团结带领人民实现初心使命和理想信念的推进逻辑和实践战略。

Institutional development must uphold upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground; it must uphold the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and in practice realize innovation in thought, innovation in policy, innovation in institutions, and innovation in science and technology, thereby promoting innovation in productive forces and innovation in social development. It must implement the dialectics of combining breaking with establishing and establishing before breaking; it must uphold a problem-oriented approach, and in institutional supply place greater emphasis on systemic integration, highlighting key points, and reform effectiveness. On the new journey, systemic integration must focus on holistic advancement, so that institutional development in various fields and aspects is interconnected and mutually complementary, forming an institutional system that is complete in system, scientific in standard, and effective in operation. Highlighting key points means focusing on the key points of institutional development. Emphasizing effectiveness means focusing on the implementation and execution of institutions, turning institutions into concrete actions by which the entire people realize national prosperity and strength and national rejuvenation.

制度建设必须坚持守正创新，坚持中国特色社会主义制度，在实践中实现思想创新、政策创新、制度创新、科技创新，促进生产力创新和社会发展创新；贯彻破立结合、先立后破的辩证法；坚持问题导向，在制度供给中更加注重系统集成、突出重点和改革实效。新征程上，系统集成要注重整体推进，使得各领域、各方面的制度建设相互衔接、相互配套，形成系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系。突出重点是要注重制度建设的重点。注重实效是要注重制度实施和执行，把制度落实为全体人民实现国家富强、民族复兴的切实行动。

The effectiveness of using the further comprehensive deepening of reform to advance Chinese-path modernization serves as the evaluation criterion for institutional development. The rationality, appropriateness, effectiveness, and quality of institutional development need to be tested through evaluation of institutional development, operation, and progress. It should be fully recognized that national institutional development has a high degree of political nature and value orientation. In this regard, the fundamental criterion for evaluating institutions and institutional development lies in for whom, serving whom, and relying on whom. Only under this premise can we correctly evaluate institutional development and institutional progress in the further comprehensive deepening of reform, and construct a correct indicator system for evaluating institutional innovation and the effectiveness of institutional operation.

以进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的效能作为制度建设的评估标准。制度建设的合理性、适切性、有效性和质量性，需要通过对制度建设、运行和发展的评估予以检验。应该充分认识到，国家制度建设具有高度政治性和价值取向性，就此而言，评估制度和制度建设的根本标准在于为了谁、服务谁、依靠谁。只有在此前提下，才能正确评估进一步全面深化改革中的制度建设和制度发展，构建正确评估制度创新和制度运行效能的指标体系。

Source: *Political Science Research*, Issue 4, 2024

文章来源：《政治学研究》2024年第4期

Online Editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆