Coordinately Advancing the Integrated Reform of the Education, Science and Technology, and Talent Systems

At present, the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is deepening, and international competition around the commanding heights of science and technology and high-quality talent has become unprecedentedly fierce, placing new demands on talent cultivation and the model of scientific research organization. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed "building institutions and mechanisms that support comprehensive innovation," emphasizing that "we must thoroughly implement the strategy of invigorating China through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation through talent, and the innovation-driven development strategy, coordinately advance the integrated reform of the education, science and technology, and talent systems, improve the new system of mobilizing resources nationwide, and enhance the overall efficacy of the national innovation system." [1]1 The "new system of mobilizing resources nationwide" (新型举国体制) refers to a state-led mechanism that concentrates national resources to achieve breakthroughs in strategic technologies, updated from the earlier planned-economy model to incorporate market mechanisms. The "Outline of the Plan for Building a Strong Education Country (2024–2035)" also provides top-level institutional arrangements for comprehensively promoting the integrated and coordinated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and enhancing the overall efficacy of the national innovation system. To coordinately advance the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, it is necessary to deeply grasp their inherent consistency and mutual support, promote them in the same direction and with joint efforts, and consolidate the foundational and strategic support for the development of new quality productive forces.

当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展，围绕科技制高点和高素质人才的国际竞争空前激烈，对人才培养和科研组织模式提出新要求。党的二十届三中全会明确提出“构建支持全面创新体制机制”，强调“必须深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略，统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，健全新型举国体制，提升国家创新体系整体效能”。《教育强国建设规划纲要（2024－2035年）》也就全面推进教育科技人才一体统筹发展、提升国家创新体系整体效能给出了顶层制度安排。统筹推进教育科技人才一体发展，要在深刻把握教育科技人才内在一致性和相互支撑性的基础上同向共促，筑牢新质生产力发展的基础性、战略性支撑。

The Significant Significance of Comprehensively Promoting the Integrated and Coordinated Development of Education, Science and Technology, and Talent

全面推进教育科技人才一体统筹发展的重要意义

Education, science and technology, and talent are not only key elements constituting the three subsystems of the national innovation system but also an inseparable unity that supports each other. Scientific and technological innovation relies on talent, talent cultivation relies on education, and education provides a continuous supply of talent for scientific and technological progress. Taking the coordinated advancement of the integrated reform of the education, science and technology, and talent systems as the breakthrough point and focal point for enhancing the overall efficacy of the national innovation system is conducive to promoting the organic connection and deep coupling of the education chain, talent chain, innovation chain, technology chain, and industrial chain at a deeper level, in a broader scope, and to a greater extent. It is also conducive to promoting the construction of institutions and mechanisms that support comprehensive innovation, fully stimulating the creativity and vitality of the entire society.

教育、科技、人才既是构成国家创新体系三个子系统的关键要素，也是互相支撑、不可分割的统一体。科技创新靠人才，人才培养靠教育，教育为科技进步提供源源不断的人才支撑。将统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革作为提升国家创新体系整体效能的突破口和着力点，有利于在更深层次更宽领域更大范围推动教育链、人才链、创新链、技术链、产业链的有机衔接和深度耦合，有利于推动构建支持全面创新体制机制，充分激发全社会创新创造活力。

Deepening the comprehensive reform of education, deepening the reform of the science and technology system, and deepening the reform of the talent development system and mechanisms are three important aspects of coordinately advancing the integrated reform of education, science and technology, and talent. These three aspects complement each other yet have their own emphases, each with its own target positioning and facing different challenges and demands. Coordinately advancing the integrated reform of the education, science and technology, and talent systems across systems, fields, and subjects is an era-defining task of great complexity, long-term nature, and arduousness. It is necessary to adhere to systematic thinking and a problem-oriented approach, straighten out the core elements of the institutions and mechanisms, use integrated thinking to make overall plans, and use integrated measures to systematically advance educational development, talent cultivation, and scientific and technological innovation, forming a strong synergy. For the deep-seated contradictions and fundamental problems faced by the development of education, science and technology, and talent, it is necessary to conduct integrated research, decision-making, deployment, and implementation, unblocking bottlenecks, blockages, and difficulties.

深化教育综合改革、深化科技体制改革、深化人才发展体制机制改革是统筹推进教育科技人才一体改革的三个重要方面，三者相辅相成又各有侧重，有各自的目标定位、面临不同的挑战需求。在跨系统、跨领域、跨主体间协调推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革是极具复杂性、长期性、艰巨性的时代课题，要坚持系统思维、问题导向，理顺体制机制核心要素，以一体化思维统筹谋划、一体化举措系统推进教育发展、人才培养、科技创新，形成强大合力。针对教育、科技、人才发展面临的深层次矛盾和根本性问题，一体研究、决策、部署、落实，打通堵点卡点难点。

Deepening the Comprehensive Reform of Higher Education and Strengthening the Construction of National Strategic Scientific and Technological Forces

深化高等教育综合改革，加强国家战略科技力量建设

As the key intersection of education, science and technology, and talent, universities and colleges are the main force in basic research, the source of major scientific and technological breakthroughs, an important component of the national strategic scientific and technological forces, and also a valuable resource for enhancing the overall efficacy of the national innovation system. Moving from a large country in education to a strong country in education requires higher education to undergo systematic reforms in areas such as educational methods, school-running models, management systems, and guarantee mechanisms, to enhance comprehensive strength and build strategic leading forces.

高校作为教育科技人才的关键交汇点，是基础研究的主力军、重大科技突破的策源地、国家战略科技力量的重要组成部分，也是提升国家创新体系整体效能的宝贵资源。从教育大国迈向教育强国，要求高等教育在育人方式、办学模式、管理体制、保障机制等方面进行系统性改革，增强综合实力，打造战略引领力量。

Currently, higher education faces arduous tasks such as adjusting the structure and improving quality. It is necessary to take the accelerated construction of world-class universities and advantageous disciplines with Chinese characteristics as the key engine for promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent, and establish a discipline setup adjustment mechanism and talent cultivation model driven by scientific and technological development and major national strategic needs. It is necessary to build a high-quality independent cultivation system for top-notch innovative talents, improve the integrated mechanism of selection, cultivation, evaluation, and create a strategic force for universities and colleges to support high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. It is necessary to strengthen the national high-level talent cultivation centers for mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology, and interdisciplinary centers, condense major scientific and technological issues from national strategic needs, strengthen strategic coordination with national laboratories, national research institutions, and leading technology enterprises, and promptly absorb and transform major breakthroughs in scientific research innovation into high-quality teaching resources.

当前，高等教育面临调结构、提质量等艰巨任务。要把加快建设中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科作为推动教育科技人才一体发展的关键引擎，建立科技发展和国家重大战略需求牵引的学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式。要构建高质量拔尖创新人才自主培养体系，完善选拔培养评价一体化机制，打造高校支撑高水平科技自立自强的战略力量。要建强数理化生国家高层次人才培养中心、学科交叉中心，从国家战略需求中凝练重大科技问题，加强与国家实验室、国家科研机构、科技领军企业的战略协同，将科研创新重大突破及时吸收转化为优质教学资源。

Deepen the reform of the educational evaluation system, establish a scientific orientation for educational evaluation, and improve the monitoring and evaluation system oriented towards quality, characteristics, and contribution. It is necessary to build a high-quality and professional teaching force, vigorously promote the spirit of educators, and thoroughly implement the "National Excellent Plan." [2]2 The "National Excellent Plan" (国优计划) is a Chinese government program to recruit and train high-caliber teachers, particularly for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects in primary and secondary schools. Taking the reform of the evaluation system as the driving force, promote the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity, and cultivate a first-class educational ecology, innovation ecology, and service ecology. It is necessary to effectively utilize world-class educational resources and innovation elements, promote high-level educational openness, transform the advantages of openness and cooperation into favorable conditions and unique resources for reform and development, and inject strong momentum into enhancing the overall efficacy of the national innovation system.

深化教育评价改革，树立科学的教育评价导向，完善以质量、特色、贡献为导向的监测评价体系。要建设高素质专业化教师队伍，大力弘扬教育家精神，深入实施“国优计划”。要以评价制度改革为牵引，推进治理体系和治理能力现代化，培育一流的育人生态、创新生态和服务生态。要有效利用世界一流教育资源和创新要素，推进高水平教育开放，将开放合作的优势转化为改革发展的有利条件和独特资源，为提升国家创新体系整体效能注入强大动力。

Deepening the Reform of the Science and Technology System and Building Institutions and Mechanisms that Support Comprehensive Innovation

深化科技体制改革，构建支持全面创新的体制机制

Generally speaking, achieving scientific and technological innovation requires three core elements and an effective supporting environment: namely, having a large number of universities and research institutions capable of conducting basic scientific research; having a large number of enterprises or institutions capable of transforming the results of basic scientific research into applied technologies; having a financial system capable of providing support for basic research and the transformation of applied technologies; and simultaneously having a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized first-class business environment to provide guarantees. The essence of scientific and technological innovation lies in bravely exploring unknown territories, and the entire process is full of variables, challenges, and uncertainties. The innovation chain is interlinked, requiring different entities such as the government, the market, enterprises, universities and colleges, and research institutions to perform their respective duties. The government's guidance of scientific and technological innovation must respect market laws and the needs of enterprises and talent, create an open and inclusive innovation ecology, encourage trial and error, tolerate failure, and avoid causing misallocation of resources and suppression of innovation vitality.

一般来说，实现科技创新需要具备三个核心要素和一个有效的支持环境，即具有一大批有能力进行基础科学研究的大学和科研机构，具有一大批有能力把基础科学研究成果转化成应用技术的企业或者机构，具有一个能为基础研究和应用技术转化提供支持的金融体系，同时要有市场化、法治化、国际化的一流营商环境提供保障。科技创新的实质在于勇闯未知领域，整个过程充满变数、挑战和不确定性。创新链条环环相扣，需要政府、市场、企业、高校和科研机构等不同主体各司其职。政府引导科技创新要尊重市场规律和企业、人才需求，营造开放包容的创新生态，鼓励试错、宽容失败，避免造成资源的错配和创新活力的压抑。

It is necessary to further deepen the reform of the science and technology system, continuously improve the organizational methods and governance system of scientific and technological innovation, and remove the ideological obstacles and institutional barriers that constrain scientific and technological innovation. Accelerate the formation of practical carriers, institutional arrangements, and a favorable environment that meet the needs of scientific and technological innovation development, further releasing the potential and vitality of scientific and technological innovation. Accelerate the construction of a new type of collaborative innovation platform led by the government, with high-tech industries as the main body, supported by universities and research institutes, and assisted by financial institutions, and strive to improve a comprehensive innovation ecosystem featuring multi-subject linkage, multi-element coordination, and multi-field cooperation, promoting the deep integration and development of "government, industry, academia, research, application, and finance." [3]3 "Government, industry, academia, research, application, and finance" (政产学研用金) is a Chinese policy shorthand for a collaborative innovation model integrating government, enterprises, universities, research institutes, end-users, and financial institutions. By optimizing the allocation of scientific and technological resources, deepening the reform of the scientific and technological evaluation, scientific and technological awards, and scientific research project and funding management systems, ensure the precision, effectiveness, and transparency of the use of funds. Continuously deepen the reform of the scientific and technological management system, and accelerate the promotion of departmental coordination and central-local coordination in scientific and technological innovation.

要进一步深化科技体制改革，不断完善科技创新的组织方式和治理体系，破除制约科技创新的思想障碍和制度藩篱。加快形成适应科技创新发展需要的实践载体、制度安排和良好环境，进一步释放科技创新的潜力与活力。加快建设政府引导、高新技术产业为主体、高校和科研院所为支撑、金融机构助力的新型协同创新平台，着力完善多主体联动、多要素协同、多领域合作的综合性创新生态系统，促进“政产学研用金”深度融合发展。通过优化科技资源配置，深化科技评价、科技奖励、科研项目和经费管理制度改革，确保资金使精用的准性、有效性和透明度。不断深化科技管理体制改革，加快推进科技创新的部门协同、央地协同。

Deepening the Reform of the Talent Development System and Mechanisms, and Cultivating and Building an Innovative Talent Team

深化人才发展体制机制改革，培养造就创新型人才队伍

Talent is the foundation of innovation, and innovation-driven development is essentially talent-driven. International experience shows that for economies in the process of accelerated catching up, the human capital formed by the number of high-level and top-notch talents, the overall quality of talent, and the innovation vitality of talent can produce an efficiency multiplier effect for their leapfrog development.

人才是创新的根基，创新驱动实质上是人才驱动。国际经验表明，对处于加速追赶进程中的经济体而言，由高精尖人才数量、人才整体质量和人才创新活力形成的人力资本，对其实现跨越式发展能够产生效率倍增效应。

To build a high-level talent team, it is urgent to deepen integrated reforms on the main front of talent cultivation. It is necessary to enhance the compatibility of education, science and technology, and talent, accelerate the construction of a policy system that is comprehensive in coverage, precise in targeting, and strong in competitiveness, clarify the path of integrated advancement from aspects such as policy supply, resource allocation, coordination mechanisms, and scientific evaluation, unblock all links in resource allocation, and form a virtuous cycle. With the goal of cultivating top-notch innovative talents and strategic scientists, driven by the needs of scientific and technological innovation, and using the reform of talent evaluation as the starting point, continuously optimize the links of talent selection, cultivation, use, evaluation, and incentives, further improve the level of aggregation of high-level talent teams, build high-energy talent development platforms, and continuously strengthen the team of internationally top-tier talents and the national strategic talent force. It is necessary to take "breaking the Five Onlys" and "establishing new standards" as the key breakthrough points for talent evaluation reform, [4]4 "Breaking the Five Onlys" (破五唯) refers to a policy campaign to reform evaluation criteria in education and research by moving away from an over-reliance on five metrics: only papers, only diplomas, only titles, only awards, and only project funding. promoting the organic connection and mutual support of educational evaluation, scientific and technological evaluation, and talent evaluation. Through stable support and long-cycle evaluation, encourage young scientific and technological personnel to carry out high-level free exploration and challenge the "no-man's land" of science; unblock the talent exchange channels between universities, research institutes, and enterprises, improve the support and guarantee mechanism for overseas introduced talents, and form a talent system with international competitiveness.

建设高水平人才队伍，亟须在人才培养主阵地上深化一体改革。要增强教育、科技、人才的适配性，加快构建覆盖全面、指向精准、竞争有力的政策体系，从政策供给、资源配置、协调机制、科学评价等方面厘清一体化推进路径，畅通资源配置的各环节，形成良性循环。要以培养拔尖创新人才和战略科学家为目标、以科技创新需求为牵引、以人才评价改革为抓手，持续优化人才选拔、培养、使用、评价、激励等环节，进一步提升高层次人才团队集聚水平，打造高能级人才发展平台，不断壮大国际顶尖人才队伍和国家战略人才力量。要把“破五唯”和“立新标”作为人才评价改革的关键突破点，推进教育评价、科技评价、人才评价有机衔接、互为支撑。通过稳定支持、长周期评价，鼓励青年科技人员开展高水平自由探索，挑战科学“无人区”；打通高校、科研院所和企业人才交流通道，完善海外引进人才支持保障机制，形成具有国际竞争力的人才制度体系。

(Author: Qiu Rui, Professor at the Party School of the Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC)

（作者：邱锐，系北京市委党校教授）

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心