On Knowledge, Ideas, and Values in the Discipline of CPC History and Party Building

As a newly established first-level discipline, the urgent task for the discipline of CPC history and Party building is to improve disciplinary construction and perfect disciplinary content. This is not only necessary for the discipline to confirm and elevate itself, to stand confidently and vigorously among the ranks of first-level disciplines, but also a practical requirement for the sound development of Chinese philosophy and social sciences and for advancing the construction of an independent knowledge system. Viewed as an independent discipline with strong political attributes and distinct ideological characteristics, the disciplinary content of CPC history and Party building must include knowledge that is determinate, factual, and widely recognized by people; it should also contain ideas that are explanatory and argumentative, helping people form opinions; and it must inevitably embody values that are guiding and educative, promoting the establishment of people’s positions. Knowledge, ideas, and values—these three aspects are internally linked and dialectically unified. They are not only indispensable and important components of the disciplinary content of CPC history and Party building, but also the fundamental reliance and essential support for the discipline to realize its functions and play its role.

作为新晋一级学科，中共党史党建学的当务之急，是搞好学科建设、完善学科内容。这不仅是学科自我确认、自我提升，以自信自强姿态立于一级学科之林的需要，同时是中国哲学社会科学完善发展、推进自主知识体系构建的现实要求。以一门具有较强政治属性、具有鲜明意识形态特征的独立学科来看，中共党史党建学的学科内容构成，既要包括具有确定性、实然性，能够被人们广泛认同的知识，又应当含纳具有说明性、论证性，助益人们形成见解的理念，还必然蕴含具有引领性、教化性，促进人们建树立场的价值观。知识、理念与价值观，三方面内在联结、辩证统一，既是中共党史党建学学科内容不可或缺的重要组成部分，更是中共党史党建学实现学科功能、发挥学科作用的基本依赖和根本支撑。

I. Starting from “Constructing an Independent Knowledge System”

一、从“构建自主知识体系”说起

The discussion of the disciplinary content of CPC history and Party building is prompted by our current efforts to construct an “independent knowledge system” for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. In May 2016, at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences, Xi Jinping required us to take China’s actual conditions as the starting point for research, put forward theoretical viewpoints with subjectivity and originality, and accelerate the construction of a disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system for philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics. In April 2022, during his inspection at Renmin University of China, he pointed out that accelerating the construction of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics ultimately boils down to constructing China’s independent knowledge system. Subsequently, the decision adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, focused on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese-path modernization. and Xi Jinping’s important instructions on the project of studying and developing Marxist theory in the new era [2]2 The project of studying and developing Marxist theory in the New Era is a major theoretical and research initiative launched by the CPC to strengthen the guiding role of Marxism in ideological and academic work. both emphasized that to advance the project of studying and developing Marxist theory and promote theoretical innovation in philosophy and social sciences, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences.

论及中共党史党建学的学科内容，是由当前我们正在构建中国哲学社会科学“自主知识体系”引发。2016年5月，习近平在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上，要求我们以我国实际为研究起点，提出具有主体性、原创性的理论观点，加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系。2022年4月，他在中国人民大学考察时指出，加快构建中国特色哲学社会科学，归根结底是建构中国自主的知识体系。此后，党的二十届三中全会通过的决定，习近平对新时代马克思主义理论研究和建设工程作出的重要指示，都强调推进马克思主义理论研究和建设工程，推进哲学社会科学理论创新，必须加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系。

Highlighting the issue of “constructing an independent knowledge system” for Chinese philosophy and social sciences is both necessary and timely. First, advancing the construction of Chinese philosophy and social sciences, from constructing a disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system to constructing an independent knowledge system, represents a deepening of understanding and a concretization of thinking. If the construction of the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system was still mainly a directional guide, then the construction of an independent knowledge system has progressed to the level of task implementation with clearer direction and more precise operability. It is a deep extension of the construction of Chinese philosophy and social sciences from strategic planning to practical pathways. Taking this step is necessary and crucial. Second, constructing an independent knowledge system seizes the most fundamental and core part of the construction of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. In a certain sense, it can be said to have grasped the “ox nose” [3]3 “Ox nose” (牛鼻子) is a Chinese idiom meaning the key or crucial point that, once grasped, allows one to control the whole situation. of the construction of Chinese philosophy and social sciences, seizing the key part that affects the whole. This is because, over a long period, some disciplines within Chinese philosophy and social sciences, relative to Western philosophy and social sciences, have not fundamentally changed their passive situation of dependence, subordination, and following along. In handling the Sino-Western relationship in disciplines, we still have both the concept of “valuing the West over China” in some disciplines and fields, and problems such as our lack of awareness, confidence, initiative, methods, pathways, and significant results in constructing an independent knowledge system. This situation needs to change. Third, the foundation and basis of the construction of Chinese philosophy and social sciences in the New Era [4]4 The New Era refers to the period since the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, marking a new historical juncture for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics under Xi Jinping’s leadership. lie in knowledge accumulation and knowledge construction, in providing knowledge content and contributing independent knowledge. Without knowledge as a foundation, without rich knowledge to solidify the base, the display of the power of so-called theory, thought, wisdom, and methods, as well as the expansion of rational thinking and the enrichment of the spiritual world, will be difficult to sustain and cannot be lasting, let alone play a guiding and leading role. At the same time, only by constructing an independent knowledge system for China can our philosophy and social sciences have sufficient capacity to go abroad, engage in deep dialogue and mutual learning with world philosophy and social sciences, and enable Chinese cognition, Chinese thinking, and Chinese wisdom to show their charm and exert greater influence on the broader world stage, alongside the global reach of “Made in China” and “Created by China.”

将中国哲学社会科学“构建自主知识体系”问题突出出来，是十分必要且非常及时的。其一，推进中国哲学社会科学建设，由构建学科体系、学术体系、话语体系到构建自主知识体系，是认识的深化，是思维的具体。如果说学科体系、学术体系、话语体系构建还主要是一种方向性指引的话，那么，自主知识体系构建则是进展到了指向性更明晰、操作性更精准的任务落实层面，是中国哲学社会科学建设由战略规划向现实路径的深度延伸。迈出这一步是必须的，也是至为关键的。其二，构建自主知识体系是抓住了中国哲学社会科学建设最基础、最核心的部分，在一定意义上可以说是抓住了中国哲学社会科学建设的“牛鼻子”，抓住了牵一发而动全身的关键部位。因为中国哲学社会科学中的部分学科，在较长时期内相对于西方哲学社会科学而言，未能从根本上改变依附、从属、跟着走的被动局面。我们在处理学科的中西关系问题上，既在某些学科和领域仍存有“厚西薄中”观念，又有我们对构建自主知识体系不自觉、不自信、不主动甚至缺方法、缺路径、效果不显著等问题的发生。这种情况到了需要改变的时候了。其三，新时代中国哲学社会科学建设的基础和根本，在于知识积累、知识建构，在于提供知识内容、奉献自主知识。若是没有知识打底，若是没有丰富的知识夯实根基，所谓理论、思想、智慧和方法的力量展示，所谓理性思维的拓展和精神世界的充盈，都是难以持久、不能持续的，更谈不上发挥引领和指导作用。同时，也唯有构建起中国自主的知识体系，我们的哲学社会科学才具备充足的能力走出国门，与世界哲学社会科学进行深度对话和交流互鉴，我们才能伴随中国制造、中国创造走向全球的同时，也让中国认知、中国思维、中国智慧在更广阔的世界舞台上展现魅力，产生更大影响。

Given the necessity, importance, and urgency of constructing an independent knowledge system, how should the discipline of CPC history and Party building specifically advance this? This is a task that must be properly addressed at present. Undoubtedly, the construction of an independent knowledge system for the discipline of CPC history and Party building involves both the common tasks and unified requirements of constructing an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences, and the individual goals and unique responsibilities based on the discipline’s attributes and characteristics. On the one hand, the discipline of CPC history and Party building must incorporate itself into the disciplinary system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences, consciously integrate into the framework of “constructing a comprehensive, all-domain, and all-element philosophy and social sciences system,” and assume its due responsibilities and missions. On the other hand, the discipline of CPC history and Party building must fully understand its own disciplinary individuality and particularity. Starting from the objective reality that its own disciplinary construction is still in its initial stage, its academic foundation is not yet deep, and its discourse system needs improvement, it must, based on following the essential requirements and development laws of the discipline, plan and effectively advance its own disciplinary construction and the construction of an independent knowledge system. As a latecomer that needs to accelerate its progress, it must quickly keep pace with the era’s steps of constructing an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences.

构建自主知识体系的必要性、重要性、紧迫性如此，而具体到中共党史党建学该当如何推进呢？这是一个摆在当下且必须要解决好的课题。毋庸置疑，中共党史党建学构建自主知识体系，既有中国哲学社会科学构建自主知识体系的共性任务和统一要求，又有基于学科属性和学科特征的个性目标和独特责任。一方面，中共党史党建学要把自身纳入中国哲学社会科学学科体系中，自觉融入“构建一个全方位、全领域、全要素的哲学社会科学体系”的架构中，承担起应有的责任和使命。另一方面，中共党史党建学必须充分明了自身的学科个性和学科特殊性，从自身学科建设尚在初始起步阶段、学术底蕴还不深厚、话语体系有待完善的客观实际出发，在遵循学科之本质要求和发展规律的基础上，有针对性地谋划好并有效地推进自身学科建设和自主知识体系构建，以一个需要加速前行的后来者姿态，尽快跟上中国哲学社会科学构建自主知识体系的时代步伐。

Based on the present and planning for the long term, the discipline of CPC history and Party building must objectively examine itself, find its own positioning, and effectively grasp its own disciplinary characteristics and task requirements. First, the discipline of CPC history and Party building is a fully autonomous discipline. The existing and future content framework and knowledge system of this discipline are, in essence, controlled and led by ourselves. Although its disciplinary construction and development can draw on external suggestions and relevant experiences, it will not be subject to interference from foreign trends of thought or schools, let alone be swayed by other non-objective or even hostile opinions and viewpoints. On the issue of “autonomy,” the discipline of CPC history and Party building has a natural advantage and can fully play a demonstrative and constructive role. Second, the discipline of CPC history and Party building is a discipline that fully marks Chinese characteristics. Chinese characteristics are something that Chinese philosophy and social sciences must always adhere to, and constructing an independent knowledge system particularly requires highlighting Chinese characteristics. As a unique discipline within Chinese philosophy and social sciences, the discipline of CPC history and Party building is one of the iconic disciplines that distinguishes contemporary Chinese philosophy and social sciences from other philosophy and social sciences. It gives a vivid and emphatic annotation of “Chinese characteristics” within the system of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Due to China’s economic development and social stability miracles, the international community increasingly values the study of Chinese experience and Chinese achievements, and increasingly values the study of the CPC and its governance methods. This precisely shows that “Chinese characteristics” have exerted an increasingly broad influence. The disciplinary development and knowledge system construction of CPC history and Party building will inevitably strengthen the deep background and create new elements for the “Chinese characteristics” of Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Third, the discipline of CPC history and Party building is a discipline with strong political attributes and distinct ideological characteristics. It takes “the CPC” as its disciplinary object, regards serving the leadership and governance of the CPC and serving the construction of socialist ideology as its fundamental duty, and is deeply imprinted with the clear marks of upholding the Party’s leadership, upholding Marxism, and upholding socialism. The discipline of CPC history and Party building has both academic and political functions, and bears the composite responsibilities of disciplinary theoretical construction and ideological construction. Such distinct disciplinary individuality and advantages open a broad path for it to play a unique role in the construction of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences.

立足当前，谋划长远，中共党史党建学要客观审视自己，找准自身定位，切实把握好自身学科特征和任务要求。一是，中共党史党建学是一门充分自主的学科。这一学科已有的和即将进一步完善的内容架构和知识体系，在本质上是由我们自己把控并主导的。其学科建设和学科发展，虽可借鉴和吸纳外来建议和相关经验，却不会受制于外域思潮、流派的干扰，更不会为其他非客观甚至怀有敌意的舆论与观点所左右。在“自主”问题上，中共党史党建学具有天然优势，足可发挥示范性效应和建设性作用。二是，中共党史党建学是一门充分标识中国特色的学科。中国特色是中国哲学社会科学必须始终坚守的，构建自主知识体系尤需彰显中国特色。作为中国哲学社会科学独具特色的学科，中共党史党建学是当代中国哲学社会科学区别于其他哲学社会科学的具有标志性的学科之一，在中国哲学社会科学体系中对“中国特色”给出了浓墨重彩的标注。缘于中国经济发展和社会稳定奇迹，国际社会愈加重视研究中国经验、中国成就，愈加重视研究中国共产党及其执政方式，正说明“中国特色”已经产生愈来愈广泛的影响。中共党史党建学的学科发展和知识体系建构，必然为中国哲学社会科学的“中国特色”强化厚重的底色、创设出新的要素。三是，中共党史党建学是一门政治属性强、意识形态特征鲜明的学科。它以“中国共产党”为学科对象，把为中国共产党的领导和执政服务、为社会主义意识形态建设服务视为根本职责，深深打上坚持党的领导、坚持马克思主义、坚持社会主义的鲜明印记。中共党史党建学兼具学术与政治双重功能，兼有学科学理建设与意识形态建设复合职责。此种鲜明的学科个性与学科优势，为其在中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系构建中发挥独特效能开辟了广阔路径。

We begin our discussion with “building an independent knowledge system” precisely in order to enable the discipline of CPC history and Party building to firmly grasp the relationship between the universal and the particular in its own disciplinary construction, to clearly identify the direction of effort and basic tasks for “building an independent knowledge system,” and, on the basis of the discipline’s particularity and specificity, to prompt itself to make courageous yet practical concrete efforts. It is precisely for this reason that, within the context of “building an independent knowledge system,” we can single out the key elements of “knowledge,” “ideas,” and “values” to elucidate the disciplinary content composition and disciplinary content system of CPC history and Party building.

我们从“构建自主知识体系”说起，目的就在于，让中共党史党建学牢牢把握自身学科建设中共性和个性的关系，切实明晰自身“构建自主知识体系”的着力方向和基本任务，立足学科个性和学科特殊性这一基础，促使自己作出勇毅担当而又切合实际的具体努力。正是缘于此，我们才能在“构建自主知识体系”语境下，将“知识”“理念”“价值观”几方面关键要素单列出来，以此阐明中共党史党建学的学科内容构成和学科内容体系。

II. Knowledge in the Discipline of CPC History and Party Building

二、中共党史党建学中的知识

The term “knowledge,” frequently invoked, is a concept of relatively complex connotation. From the perspective of disciplinary attribution, knowledge is an important category in philosophical epistemology. If one does not strictly define the static, result-oriented attribute of “knowledge” as distinct from the dynamic, process-oriented characteristic of “cognition,” knowledge and cognition are often used interchangeably or as substitutes for one another. Specifically regarding the foundational connotation of “knowledge,” our usual understanding is that knowledge is a reflection of objectively existing facts and processes, a revelation of the inner essence and basic laws of things, and a systematized cognition formed by the subject (human beings) after correctly grasping external things.

“知识”这个常被提及的词语，是一个意蕴相对复杂的概念。从学科归属看，知识是哲学认识论中的重要范畴。如果不是严格界定“知识”的静态、结果属性与“认识”的动态、过程特征，知识与认识常常通用或互为替代。具体到“知识”的基础性内涵，我们通常的理解是，知识是对客观存在的事实与过程的反映，是对事物的内在本质与基本规律的揭示，是作为主体的人对外在事物正确把握后形成的系统化认知。

A basic understanding of the connotation of knowledge helps us accurately grasp the disciplinary content of CPC history and Party building, especially the important role of knowledge within it. Just as any valuable and effective discipline is built from rich knowledge that forms its basic framework and fills its disciplinary body and flesh, so too is the discipline of CPC history and Party building established on a disciplinary foundation built from knowledge, standing within the four beams, eight pillars, and their mortise-and-tenon connections constructed from knowledge. It can be said that without knowledge there is no discipline, and without knowledge as the foundation and backbone of a discipline, there is no CPC history and Party building. The discipline of CPC history and Party building is both formed by the accumulation and aggregation of knowledge and simultaneously becomes a disciplinary platform, academic platform, and discourse platform that advances the gathering and deepens the innovation of knowledge.

对知识内涵的基本了解，助益我们准确把握中共党史党建学的学科内容，特别是知识在其中的重要作用。如同任何有价值、有作为的学科都是由丰富的知识构筑起基本框架、充盈起学科的肌体与血肉一样，中共党史党建学也是立足于知识搭建起的学科基地、矗立在由知识构造而起的四梁八柱及其榫卯连接中。可以说，没有知识就没有学科，没有知识作为学科的根基和主干，就没有中共党史党建学。中共党史党建学既由知识积累、知识聚合而成，同时又成为推进知识集结、深化知识创新的学科平台、学术平台、话语平台。

Knowledge in the discipline of CPC history and Party building focuses primarily on two aspects: first, explaining facts; second, elucidating principles. What is meant by explaining facts is to reveal and present events, processes, and relationships that have occurred historically or exist in reality in a relatively objective manner that respects the actual state of affairs. For example, events in the Party’s history and their progression, the basic situation and conditions faced by the Party’s leadership, the extent and effects of Party building, and the Party’s methods of governance and achievements are all objectively existing facts. Knowledge that reveals such facts, as Jin Yuelin stated in *Theory of Knowledge*, consists of persuasive “true propositions”: “True propositions can be obtained, and they accumulate over time”; “True propositions are forever true; they can be preserved and passed down to future generations.” What is meant by elucidating principles is to find, on the basis of objective facts, the grounds and commonalities within these “true propositions”—that is, the essence and laws within phenomenal facts. Compared to explaining facts, elucidating principles requires delving behind the facts, seeking the general from the particular, penetrating the surface to reach the interior, and revealing universal, deep-seated truths. For instance, the series of basic understandings we have gained from summing up historical experience—such as upholding the leadership of the CPC, adhering to the basic national conditions and concrete realities, and adhering to a people-centered approach—are principles revealed from facts. Knowledge that elucidates principles, as Mao Zedong put it, is the stage of rational cognition that “reaches the point of gradually understanding the internal contradictions of objective things, understanding their laws, and understanding the internal connections between this process and that process.” Explaining facts and elucidating principles are two levels of knowledge, a deepening of cognition from one point to another, from the surface to the interior. Whether it is knowledge that explains facts or knowledge that elucidates principles, as organic components of the knowledge system, both manifest the general characteristics of knowledge and are integrated with the disciplinary attributes and theoretical implications of CPC history and Party building.

中共党史党建学中的知识，主要是着力于两个方面，一是说明事实，二是阐明事理。所谓说明事实，是把历史上发生的和现实存在着的事件、过程、关系，以比较客观、尊重实态的方式揭示出来、呈现出来。如党的历史上发生的事件及其进展，党的领导面对的基本形势和条件，党的建设推进的程度及达到的效果，党执政的方式方法与取得的成就等，都是客观存在着的事实。昭示这类事实的知识，诚如金岳霖在《知识论》中所讲，是具有说服力的“真命题”：“真命题是可以得到的，并且它是日积月累的”，“真命题永远是真的，它是可以保留的，可以传给后代的”。所谓阐明事理，即在客观事实基础上，从“真命题”中找到其中的根据和共同之处，亦即现象事实里面的本质与规律。相对于说明事实，阐明事理需要深入到事实的背后，从个别中寻求一般，透过表层深入到内里，揭示出带有普遍性的深层次的道理。像我们总结历史经验所得到的一系列基本认识，如坚持中国共产党的领导、坚持从基本国情和具体实际出发、坚持以人民为中心等，就是在事实中揭示出的事理。阐明事理的知识，亦如毛泽东所说的，是“到达于逐步了解客观事物的内部矛盾，了解它的规律性，了解这一过程和那一过程间的内部联系”的理性认识阶段。说明事实与阐明事理，是知识的两个层面，是认识由此及彼、由表及里的深化。无论是说明事实的知识还是阐明事理的知识，作为知识体系中的有机组成部分，都彰显着知识的一般特征，并融入了中共党史党建学的学科属性和学理意蕴。

First, taking the CPC as the object of cognition, knowledge in the discipline of CPC history and Party building is objective in content. The disciplinary object is the CPC, and the object of disciplinary knowledge is likewise the CPC. As an advanced political force that entered the historical stage in modern times, the CPC has united and led hundreds of millions of people over more than 100 years to accomplish a series of earth-shaking great undertakings. The CPC’s development process, practical actions, and historical contributions have objectively occurred; the CPC’s mission and pursuit, leadership position, and governing authority exist in reality. Knowledge in the discipline of CPC history and Party building originates from this, and our understanding of the CPC is based on this. Laozi said, “Observe the individual by means of the individual, observe the family by means of the family, observe the village by means of the village, observe the state by means of the state, observe the world by means of the world.” [5]5 Laozi, *Dao De Jing*, Chapter 54. The passage advocates understanding different levels of reality by examining them from their own standpoint. When we observe and understand things, we must proceed from the things themselves, from the object itself; we must uphold the objectivity of the object of cognition and proceed from objectively existing things themselves. Lenin pointed out: “Things exist outside us, independently of our consciousness and our sensations.” “Cognition is the eternal, endless approximation of thought to the object.” [6]6 V. I. Lenin, *Materialism and Empirio-Criticism* (1909) and *Philosophical Notebooks* (1914-1916), respectively. The first quote affirms the existence of matter independent of consciousness; the second describes cognition as an asymptotic approach to objective reality. Knowledge originates from objective objects, and knowledge must therefore be objective in content.

首先，以中国共产党为认识对象，中共党史党建学中的知识在内容上是客观的。学科对象是中国共产党，学科知识的对象同样是中国共产党。作为近代以来登上历史舞台的先进政治力量，中国共产党团结带领亿万人民在100多年间干成了一系列惊天动地的大事业。中国共产党的发展历程、实践作为、历史贡献，是客观发生了的；中国共产党的使命追求、领导地位、执政权威，是现实存在着的。中共党史党建学中的知识来源于此，我们对中国共产党的认识以此为据。老子说，要“以身观身，以家观家，以乡观乡，以邦观邦，以天下观天下”。我们观察事物、认识事物，必须从事物、从对象本身出发，必须坚持认识对象的客观性，坚持从客观存在着的事物本身出发。列宁指出：“物是不依赖于我们的意识，不依赖于我们的感觉而在我们之外存在着的。”“认识是思维对客体的永远的、无止境的接近。”知识源于客观对象，知识在内容上必然是客观的。

Second, rooted in the Party’s historical development and construction practice, knowledge in the discipline of CPC history and Party building is authentic in its mode of reflection. Proceeding from the objective, real object of cognition, the formation of knowledge in CPC history and Party building involves a subjective mode of reflection that genuinely reproduces the objective object, ultimately forming a cognition with certainty. The Party’s history spans more than 100 years, passing through the major development stages of the New Democratic Revolution, socialist revolution and construction, reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. Through a century of struggle, the Party and the people have “written the most magnificent epic in the thousands of years of the Chinese nation’s history.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Marking the Centenary of the Communist Party of China” (July 1, 2021), referring to the Party’s century of struggle. Such a genuine development process crystallizes the cognitive achievements concerning the Party’s history, accumulates into basic knowledge about the Party’s history, and is endowed with the characteristics of authenticity and certainty. In the mode of knowledge reflection, Confucius’s dictum “no arbitrariness, no certainty, no obstinacy, no egoism” [8]8 Confucius, *Analects*, 9.4. The phrase lists four attitudes to be avoided in the pursuit of knowledge. requires that when observing things, one must not engage in conjectural speculation, subjective assertion, stubborn adherence to one’s own views, or self-righteousness. Knowledge both originates from objective objects and must truly reflect them. Marx and Engels pointed out: “The ideal is nothing else than the material world reflected by the human mind, and translated into forms of thought”; “the further development of the thought process is merely the reflection of the historical process in an abstract, theoretically consistent form.” [9]9 Karl Marx, *Capital*, Volume 1, Afterword to the Second German Edition (1873); Friedrich Engels, *Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy* (1886). The first quote defines the ideal as the material world transformed in the mind; the second describes the logical development of thought as a reflection of history. The object of reflection is authentic, the mode of reflecting the object is authentic, and the cognitive results obtained must also be authentic. Authenticity is the lifeblood of knowledge.

其次，植根于党的历史发展和建设实践，中共党史党建学中的知识在反映方式上是真实的。从客观、现实的认识对象出发，中共党史党建学知识的形成，是以主观反映的方式对客观对象予以真切再现，最终形成具有确定性的认知。党的历史贯通100多年，历经新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设、新时代中国特色社会主义等主要发展阶段，党和人民以百年奋斗“书写了中华民族几千年历史上最恢宏的史诗”。这样一个真切的发展历程，凝结着关于党的历史的认识成果，积聚为关于党的历史的基本知识，被赋予了真实性、确定性特征。在知识反映方式上，孔子所论“毋意、毋必、毋固、毋我”，要求观察事物不能臆想猜测，不能主观断定，不能固执己见，不能自以为是。知识既源于客观对象，又必须真实地反映对象。马克思、恩格斯指出：“观念的东西不外是移入人的头脑并在人的头脑中改造过的物质的东西而已”，“思想进程的进一步发展不过是历史过程在抽象的、理论上前后一贯的形式上的反映”。反映的对象是真实的，反映对象的方式是真实的，得到的认识成果也必然是真实的。真实性是知识的生命。

Third, by forcefully elucidating what the CPC “is and what it aims to do,” the knowledge within the discipline of CPC history and Party building is complete in its system. “The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” The fundamental nature of the Party determines the pursuit of its cause. “The original aspiration and founding mission of the Chinese Communists is to seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation.” The fundamental question of what the CPC “is and what it aims to do” permeates all aspects of the Party’s nature and purpose, its original aspiration and founding mission, and its struggle and practice; it is embodied in every link of the Party’s leadership role, its self-building, and its fields of work. The understanding thus gained is necessarily systematic and complete, and the knowledge thus formed is necessarily all-encompassing and multi-layered. Xi Jinping points out that regarding the Party’s century-long struggle, we must “summarize the glorious path the Party has traversed, the brilliant achievements the Party has led the people in attaining, and the valuable experience the Party has gained in advancing revolution, construction, and reform, as well as summarize the theory and practice of the Party’s and the nation’s endeavors since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, in accordance with the requirements of summing up history, grasping the laws, strengthening confidence, and moving toward the future.” [10]10 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping’s leadership. The process of summarizing these aspects is simultaneously the process of enriching the knowledge system. The knowledge within the discipline of CPC history and Party building is rich; all aspects of knowledge are closely linked and mutually supportive, forming a self-consistent and complete system and a rigorous and orderly structure.

再次，着力阐明中国共产党“是什么、要干什么”，中共党史党建学中的知识在体系上是完备的。“中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心。”党的根本性质决定着党的事业追求。“中国共产党人的初心和使命，就是为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴。”中国共产党“是什么、要干什么”这样一个根本问题，渗入到党的性质宗旨、党的初心使命、党的奋斗实践的各方面，体现在党的领导作用、党的自身建设、党的工作领域的各环节，由以获得的认识必然是系统的、完整的，由以形成的知识必然是全方位、多层面的。习近平指出，对党的百年奋斗历程，我们“要按照总结历史、把握规律、坚定信心、走向未来的要求，把党走过的光辉历程总结好，把党团结带领人民取得的辉煌成就总结好，把党推进革命、建设、改革的宝贵经验总结好，把党的十八大以来党和国家事业砥砺奋进的理论和实践总结好”。对这些方面的总结过程，同时就是知识体系的丰富过程。中共党史党建学中的知识是丰富的，各方面知识紧密联结并互为支撑，形成自洽完备的体系，形成严谨有序的结构。

Finally, by highly concerning itself with the people’s foundation and national sentiment of the CPC, the knowledge within the discipline of CPC history and Party building is credible in its quality. The credibility of knowledge is the degree to which knowledge is generally trusted and accepted by the public or specific groups in the process of its dissemination, application, and reception. It is not only a manifestation of the quality of knowledge itself but also involves the credibility of the mechanisms for knowledge production, dissemination, and verification. Plato, who in ancient Greece provided the basic definition of knowledge, emphasized that for a statement to be called knowledge, it must satisfy several conditions: it must be correct, it must be verified, and it must be believed by people. This articulates the fundamental requirements for “what knowledge is.” Clearly, the knowledge that is produced needs to be believed by people and needs to be recognized and accepted by them. The knowledge within the discipline of CPC history and Party building comes from objective existence and practical reality, follows correct cognitive paths and scientific methods of refinement, which not only ensures the scientific nature of the knowledge but also provides a reliable guarantee for its trustworthiness and credibility. Moreover, because the CPC is steeped in the national bloodline inherited from history and deeply rooted among the people, it positions itself at the commanding heights of truth and morality. With such a people’s foundation and national sentiment, the CPC, while winning broad trust and support for itself, also ensures that knowledge about itself gains sufficient recognition and credibility.

最后，高度关切中国共产党的人民基础和民族情怀，中共党史党建学中的知识在品质上是具有公信力的。知识的公信力是知识在传播、应用和接受过程中被社会公众或特定群体普遍信任和认可的程度，不仅是知识本身质量的体现，还涉及知识生产、传播和验证机制的可信度。古希腊时代对知识给予基本规定的柏拉图曾经强调过，一条陈述能称得上是知识，必须满足这样几方面条件，即它是正确的，它是被验证过的，它是被人们相信的。这道出了对“什么是知识”的基础性要求。显然，被生产出来的知识是需要人们相信的，是需要人们予以认可、接受的。中共党史党建学中的知识来自客观存在和现实实践，遵循着正确认识路径和科学提炼方法，既确保了知识的科学性，又使知识的可信度和公信力有了可靠的保障。更由于中国共产党浸润着历史传承的民族血脉，深植于人民群众之中，使自身立足于真理和道义的制高点上。以这样的人民基础和民族情怀，中国共产党在使自身赢得广泛信任和支持的同时，也使关于自身的知识获得了充足的认可度和公信力。

III. Ideas and Values in the Discipline of CPC History and Party Building

三、中共党史党建学中的理念与价值观

In constructing the content of the discipline of CPC history and Party building, we must attach great importance to “knowledge,” which is foundational and backbone, and also pay full attention to the indispensable “ideas” and “values.” It is the combined force of knowledge, ideas, and values that constitutes the complete picture of the disciplinary content of CPC history and Party building. There is no need to deny that, in the context of constructing an independent knowledge system, although some views broadly interpret “knowledge” and “knowledge system,” this does not replace or obscure the existence and important status of “ideas” and “values.” In fact, when constructing philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics is regarded as ultimately constructing China’s independent knowledge system, we are required to grasp this in the sense of “reducing it to the fundamentals.” It points to the key focus for implementing the construction task, and it targets the overall state of China’s philosophy and social sciences and the problems of insufficient “independence,” inadequate “knowledge,” and incomplete “system.” That is to say, the urgent task in advancing the construction of the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics is to first build a “independent knowledge system.” Constructing an independent knowledge system is the premise and foundation, and also the key and focus.

在构建中共党史党建学学科内容问题上，我们既要高度重视具有奠基性和主干性意义的“知识”，还要充分关注其中必不可少的“理念”和“价值观”。知识、理念与价值观合力共为，才是中共党史党建学学科内容的完整面貌。无须讳言，在构建自主知识体系背景下，虽有把“知识”“知识体系”广义化理解的看法，却并非就取代或淹没了“理念”和“价值观”的存在及其重要地位。实际上，当把构建中国特色哲学社会科学视为归根结底是建构中国自主知识体系时，是要求我们从“归结到根本上”的意义上去把握，是指明了能够将构建任务落到实处的着力重点，是指向中国哲学社会科学的整体状态及存在的“自主”不够、“知识”不足、“体系”不完备问题。也就是说，推进中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系建设的当务之急，是先行构建好“自主知识体系”。构建自主知识体系是前提、是基础，也是关键、是重点。

Because different disciplines have different disciplinary attributes and characteristics, the goals, tasks, and specific methods for constructing an independent knowledge system will also differ. There is a great difference between disciplines such as economics, law, and sociology, which can connect with the global disciplinary system and have overlapping perspectives and content, and the discipline of CPC history and Party building, which is unique to China and newly established. On the issue of constructing an independent knowledge system, the discipline of CPC history and Party building must proceed from the actual conditions of the discipline and strive to not only elucidate knowledge but also establish ideas and values within its disciplinary content.

各个学科因学科属性与学科特点不同，自主知识体系构建的目标任务与具体做法也会有所不同。与全球学科体系能够接通、在视域内容上互有渗透的经济学、法学、社会学等，与唯中国独有、且是新建新设的中共党史党建学，在构建自主知识体系问题上就有很大差异。中共党史党建学在自主知识体系构建问题上，务必从学科实际出发，从学科内容既要阐发知识，也要确立起理念和价值观上去努力。

The ideas in the discipline of CPC history and Party building primarily express the opinions and attitudes of the subject. In the historical development and Party-building practice of the CPC, there is a series of important processes, major events, activity scenes, and historical turning points. Regarding how they occurred and advanced, and what practical impact and historical contributions they produced, besides objective description and thorough revelation, we must also clearly express our basic views, state our basic attitudes, provide appropriate judgments and accurate determinations, and form a series of ideational cognitions. Ideational cognitions are formed in the process of summarizing practice and basic experience, through logical reasoning and theoretical argumentation. They aim to unify will and consolidate consensus. The key is to clearly define what is supported and what is opposed, to point out what should be advocated and what must be curbed,

中共党史党建学中的理念，主要是表达主体的意见与态度。在中国共产党的历史发展和党建实践中，有一系列重要过程、重大事件，有一系列活动场景、历史转折，它们是如何发生、怎样推进的，它们产生了什么样的现实影响和历史贡献，我们除了要客观描述、透彻揭示外，还要明确表达出我们的基本看法，申明我们的基本态度，给出恰当的评判与准确的认定，形成为一系列理念性认知。理念性认知是在总结实践与基本经验、经过逻辑推理和理论论证过程中形成的，旨在统一意志、凝聚共识，其中的关键是明确支持什么、反对什么，指出哪些是应当倡导的，哪些是必须遏止的，

providing people with tendentious discernment and guiding opinions. This is because, on the basis of objective facts, not all subjects or all people hold the same or common views on issues; it is not inevitable that under the same temporal and spatial conditions, identical or similar opinions and conclusions will be reached. At such times, the guidance of the subject is indispensable, and correct opinions and scientific attitudes are particularly important. For example, regarding the judgment and discernment of the leadership of the CPC, we have clearly pointed out in a series of important speeches and documents that “the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the CPC, the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the CPC, and the CPC is the highest political leadership force.” This is the basic and important idea we have established. The establishment of this idea is deeply based on the heroic struggle and historical contributions of the CPC uniting and leading the Chinese people in over 100 years of revolution, construction, and reform, and is firmly supported by the CPC’s role as the strong core and mainstay in the changes unseen in a century in the world today. It possesses dominance and consensus, and the effects and significance thus produced are inevitably extraordinary.

给人们提供倾向性鉴识和主导性意见。这是因为，在客观事实基础上，并非所有的主体、所有的人对问题的看法是一致的、共同的，并非于同一时空条件下就必然会得出相同的或接近的观点和结论。这时候，主体的引导必不可少，正确的意见和科学的态度尤为重要。如关于对中国共产党领导的评判鉴识，我们在一系列重要讲话和文献中明确指出，“中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导，中国共产党是最高政治领导力量”，就是我们确立起的基本理念、重要理念。这一理念的确立，以中国共产党团结带领中国人民在100多年革命、建设、改革历程中的英勇奋斗及其历史贡献为深厚基础，以中国共产党在当代中国所处世界百年未有之大变局中之坚强核心和中流砥柱作用为牢固支撑，具有主导性和共识性，由此产生的效应与意义也必然是非凡的。

Connected with ideas and contained within them are the values we must advocate. The values in the discipline of CPC history and Party building primarily serve to guide the establishment of a standpoint and to shape the values of the target audience. In constructing the disciplinary content of CPC history and Party building, we must clearly indicate the CPC’s status as the subject and main force of this discipline, and we must infuse it with the value understanding and value pursuit of CPC members. In the disciplinary content of CPC history and Party building, our Party must unequivocally declare its original aspiration and founding mission, its class stance, and its value foundation, and must unambiguously practice and strive for the people’s interests and the goals it pursues. For example, from the perspective of the Party’s century-long development goals and value pursuit, we carried out the arduous New Democratic Revolution and advanced the cause of socialist revolution, construction, and reform precisely to establish a new China, to take the socialist road, to pursue socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; today, the reason we must do a good job of Party building and have the courage to engage in self-revolution is precisely to build the Party well, achieve long-term governance, and strive for a bright future for the people’s well-being and the nation’s future. The values revealed in the disciplinary content are both closely linked to ideas and, transcending ideas, endowed with a clear direction. In terms of their form of expression, they differ from ideas and knowledge, which appear in language and text in a “substantive” manner; rather, they permeate the content of “ideas” and are latent within the content of “knowledge.” That is to say, in the textbooks that present the discipline of CPC history and Party building, what constitutes the textual expression of the textbook is knowledge and ideas; values are primarily presented not through textual expression or the number of words they occupy, but are within the content of “ideas” and the content of “knowledge.” This is a unique mode of “existence” for values.

与理念相联系并含蕴其中的，有我们要倡导的价值观。中共党史党建学中的价值观，主要是引领建树立场，对受众群体予以价值观塑造。我们构建中共党史党建学的学科内容，必须表明中国共产党作为这一学科之主体地位和主体力量，必须注入中国共产党人的价值认识和价值追求。我们党在中共党史党建学学科内容中，必须旗帜鲜明地申明自己的初心使命、自己的阶级立场、自己的价值基础，毫不含糊地为所追求的人民利益与奋斗目标去实践、去奋斗。如从党的百年发展目标和价值追求看，我们进行艰苦卓绝的新民主主义革命，推进社会主义革命、建设和改革事业，就是为了建立新中国，为了走社会主义道路、搞中国特色社会主义、实现中华民族伟大复兴；在今天，我们之所以要搞好党的建设、勇于自我革命，就是要把党建设好、实现长期执政、为人民福祉和民族未来争取美好前景。在学科内容中透现出的价值观，既与理念紧密联结，又超越理念而被赋予了明确的指向。就其表现形态而言，它不同于理念、知识那样，以“实态”的面貌呈现在语言文字中，而是渗透在“理念”内容之中、潜存在“知识”内容之内。也就是说，在展现中共党史党建学的教材中，构成教材文字表述的是知识、是理念，价值观主要不是以文字表述及其占有的字数多少呈现的，它就在“理念”内容、“知识”内容之中。这是价值观的一种独特“存在”方式。

Ideas and values are closely linked and indispensable. When we say that the discipline of CPC history and Party building has a strong political attribute and a distinct ideological character, the root lies in the ideas and values within it. On the issue of constructing an independent knowledge system, it is necessary for us to pay attention to and value knowledge, but we must absolutely not neglect ideas and values, let alone obscure the important status and important functions of ideas and values. When Xi Jinping assigned the mission of “constructing an independent knowledge system” to Chinese philosophy and social sciences, he also required that philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics continuously promote knowledge innovation, theoretical innovation, and methodological innovation, and that philosophy and social science workers achieve clear direction, true doctrine, profound scholarship, and upright conduct, striving to highlight the path of China, the governance of China, and the rationale of China, and to disseminate the Chinese voice, Chinese theory, and Chinese thought. Such exhortations, entrustments, and requirements inherently contain multiple levels of expanding knowledge, clarifying ideas, and strengthening value guidance, presenting a comprehensive and lofty realm that integrates knowledge, theory, thought, and method into one. We must deeply comprehend this, fully grasp the spiritual essence, and, based on constructing an independent knowledge system, strive to promote and realize the organic unity of knowledge elucidation, idea establishment, and value guidance.

理念与价值观是紧密联结的，是不可或缺的。我们说中共党史党建学具有较强政治属性、具有鲜明意识形态特征，根本在于其中的理念与价值观。在构建自主知识体系问题上，我们关注知识、重视知识是必要的，但绝不能忽略理念与价值观，更不能遮蔽了理念与价值观的重要地位和重要功能。习近平在向中国哲学社会科学提出“构建自主知识体系”使命任务时，同时要求中国特色哲学社会科学要不断推进知识创新、理论创新、方法创新，哲学社会科学工作者要做到方向明、主义真、学问高、德行正，着力彰显中国之路、中国之治、中国之理，传播中国声音、中国理论、中国思想。这样的叮咛、嘱托与要求，内在地蕴含着拓展知识、阐明理念、强化价值观引领的多个层面，展现的是把知识、理论、思想、方法融为一体的全视域高远境界。对此，我们务必深刻领会，完整把握精神实质，以构建自主知识体系为基础，着力推进并实现知识阐发、理念确立与价值观引领的有机统一。

IV. The Organic Unity of Knowledge Elucidation, Idea Establishment, and Value Guidance

四、知识阐发、理念确立与价值观引领的有机统一

Viewed from the three component parts of disciplinary content, knowledge, ideas, and values in the discipline of CPC history and Party building are both distinct and closely connected. The distinction lies in the fact that knowledge, ideas, and values each have their own connotations, their own responsibilities, tasks, and emphases, and their elemental structures and modes of expression also differ. The connection lies in the fact that the questions they answer and solve are interrelated, they jointly serve the construction of the same discipline, and the realization of their functions and the exertion of their roles require mutual coordination. From the perspective of content, they interpenetrate and support each other. Knowledge, by explaining facts and clarifying principles, lays a solid foundation for ideas and values; its revelation of the essence and laws of things actually approaches the content of ideas. Ideas are precisely based on the principles already clarified, making the opinions expressed and attitudes declared by the subject reliable, rather than subjective fabrication or baseless rumors. In the process of expressing opinions and declaring attitudes, ideas objectively already contain the value orientation of the subject and the basic standpoint the subject intends to establish, although there remains a line of separation between “my view” (basic viewpoint) and “my demand” (value expectation). As for values and their guiding and shaping role, they are essentially the goal pursuit of ideas, a deep extension of the chain of thought from knowledge to ideas in a continuous lineage, and a further manifestation and sublimation of the deep-level functions of knowledge and ideas.

以学科内容的三方面组成部分看，中共党史党建学中的知识、理念与价值观，既相互区别又紧密联系。区别在于，知识、理念与价值观各有内涵，各有职责任务和着力侧重，其要素结构和表现方式也有所不同。联系在于，它们回答和解决的问题互为关联，共同服务于同一学科建设，功能的实现和作用的发挥需要相互配合。从内容上看，它们相互渗透、互为支撑。知识通过说明事实、阐明事理，为理念、价值观打牢基础，其中关于事物本质和规律的揭示，实际上已向理念内容靠近；理念恰是由已经阐明的事理为之筑基，使主体所表达的意见、申明的态度有了可靠性，而非主观臆造、空穴来风；而理念在表达意见、申明态度过程中，客观上已蕴含着主体的价值指向和主体要建树的基本立场，只是二者在“我的看法”（基本观点）和“我的要求”（价值期待）之间还存在一线间隔；至于价值观及其引领、塑造作用，本质上也是理念的目标追求，是从知识到理念的思维链条在一脉承续中的深度延伸，是知识、理念深层次功能的进一步彰显与升华。

From the perspective of grasping the relationship between subject and object, the distinction and connection between knowledge, ideas, and values in the discipline of CPC history and Party building manifest as follows: at the level of knowledge elucidation, the subject must respect the object, taking the object as the principal aspect of the contradiction, with the responsibility of presenting the state of the object; at the level of idea establishment, the situation of the object is the basis, but the attitude of the subject is more critical, with the subject and object respecting each other, the subject taking respect for objective reality as a prerequisite and aiming to express its own will and attitude; at the level of value guidance, the subject is dominant, the subject is the principal aspect of the contradiction, and the object is an objective existence, to be used by the subject and governed by the subject. The disciplinary construction and content construction of CPC history and Party building, in the final analysis, is about properly handling the relationship between subject and object. Only by respecting facts, demonstrating the subject’s demands, and achieving the organic unity of subject and object can our thinking enter a realm and state where truth, goodness, and beauty reach consistency.

从把握主体与客体关系的角度看，中共党史党建学中的知识、理念与价值观的区别与联系则表现为，在知识阐发层面上，主体要尊重客体，以客体为矛盾的主要方面，以呈现客体状态为责任；在理念确立层面上，客体情况是根据，主体态度更关键，主体与客体互为尊重，主体以尊重客观实际为前提，以表达自身的意愿与态度为目标；在价值观引领层面上，主体为主导，主体是矛盾的主要方面，客体是对象性存在，为主体所用、为主体所统辖。中共党史党建学的学科建设和学科内容构建，说到底是要处理好主体与客体的关系问题。只有既尊重事实，又展示主体要求，更实现主体与客体的有机统一，我们的思维才进入一个让真善美达至一致的境界与状态。

This means that in the process of disciplinary construction and content construction of CPC history and Party building, regarding the revelation and grasp of the essential connection and inherent stipulation between the CPC and the Chinese people and socialist China, the elucidation and analysis of historical events, practical activities, and major changes led and guided by the CPC, and the description and explanation of a series of situations that have occurred, are occurring, and will occur concerning the CPC, we must proceed on three levels. First, at the level of the object and objectivity, we must respect facts and reality, proceed from reality and practice, explain facts and clarify principles in a materialist manner, and reveal the original appearance of things and reality. Second, at the level of the subject and subjectivity, we must focus on our own needs, base ourselves on our original aspiration and founding mission, follow the people’s will and the laws of society, unswervingly and persistently strive forward, and establish a belief and will that will not stop until the goal is achieved. Third, at the level of the unity of subject and object, and subjectivity and objectivity, we must scientifically grasp and correctly think, overcome mechanical materialism and subjective idealism, consolidate the power formed by the dialectical interaction of subjective initiative and objective constraints, and, within the tension of the interdependence and interaction of subjectivity and objectivity, open up a broad path for continuous progress and success.

这意味着，在中共党史党建学学科建设和学科内容构建过程中，对中国共产党与中国人民、与社会主义中国的本质联系与内在规定的揭示与把握，对由中国共产党主导引领的历史事态、实践活动、重大变故的阐发与分析，对在中国共产党身上已经发生、正在发生和将要发生的一系列情况的描述和解释，我们须在三个层面上进行。一是在客体、客观层面，我们要尊重事实、尊重实态，从实际出发，从实践出发，以唯物主义姿态说明事实、阐明事理，昭示事物、现实的本来面貌；二是在主体、主观层面，我们要着眼自身需要，立足初心使命，以人民意愿和社会规律为遵循，坚定不移执着奋进，树立起不达目标誓不休的信念与意志；三是在主体与客体、主观与客观统一层面，我们要科学把握、正确思考，克服机械唯物主义和主观唯心主义，凝聚起主体能动性和客体约束性辩证互动而形成的力量，在主观与客观互为依存、相互作用的张力中，开辟出不断前进、走向成功的宽阔道路。

Examining the discipline of CPC history and Party building through the trinity of knowledge, ideas, and values, and evaluating figures, events, and processes through the mutual integration of knowledge elucidation, idea establishment, and value guidance, we obtain correct methods and stand on a platform of lofty realm. For example, in recording, explaining, and expounding the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea [11]11 The War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea (1950–1953) was a war fought by the Chinese People’s Volunteers, alongside North Korean forces, against United Nations forces led by the United States, following the North Korean invasion of South Korea. It is officially termed a “war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea” in Chinese political discourse., a large amount of objective content must necessarily be presented, such as the time of occurrence, location, troop strength, weapons, the number of campaigns and battles, the ebb and flow, and the shift between offense and defense; this belongs to the reproduction of knowledge content. Further, why the war broke out, what the direct and deep causes were, why we participated in the war, and the analysis of the just or unjust nature of the war involve the opinions, views, and perspectives of the participating parties, which may differ greatly among the participating subjects (China, North Korea, South Korea, the United States, etc.), even leading to vastly different expressions and judgments; this involves the ideas we need to analyze and establish. Going further, the great spirit of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea that we summarize and form from this, and the value direction and position demonstration drawn from it for education and shaping, aim to advocate a kind of spiritual mettle and a kind of will and quality; this is the value direction and value goal we need to establish that can play a guiding role, and it is the effect of educating people through history and using history to serve governance that we aim to achieve in recording, explaining, and expounding the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea.

以知识、理念与价值观三位一体审视中共党史党建学，以知识阐发、理念确立、价值观引领三者互融评判人物、事件和过程，我们就获得了正确的方式方法、站在了境界高远的平台。如记载、说明和阐述抗美援朝战争，必然有大量客观性内容要呈现出来，像发生时间、地点、兵力、武器，历经多少次战役、战斗，此消彼长、攻防转换情况等，这属于知识性内容的再现；进一步，战争何以爆发，直接和深层的原因是什么，我们为什么要参战，战争的正义性、非正义性的评析等，这涉及参战方的主张、观点和看法，各参战主体在认知上会有很大不同（中国、朝鲜、韩国、美国等），甚至在表达、评判上会大相径庭，这涉及我们要论析、确立的理念；再进一步，我们从中总结形成的伟大抗美援朝精神，从中引出的以资教育和塑造的价值方向和立场昭示，目的在于倡导一种精神气概、一种意志品质，这是我们要确立起的、能够起到引领作用的价值指向和价值目标，是我们记载、说明和阐述抗美援朝战争要达致的以史育人、以史资政效果。

In the disciplinary construction and content development of the discipline of CPC history and Party building, we must closely integrate knowledge, ideas, and values, achieving an organic unity of knowledge elucidation, idea establishment, and value guidance. To this end, first, we must earnestly study the Party’s history. “The Party’s history is the most vivid and most convincing textbook.” [12]12 This is a quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at the Party History Study and Education Mobilization Conference on February 20, 2021. We must combine the study of Party history with the study of the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, and the history of the development of the Chinese nation, so as to understand the principles through history, increase our confidence through history, uphold virtue through history, and practice through history. [13]13 This is a standard formulation from the Party history study and education campaign launched in 2021, summarizing four goals: understanding principles, increasing confidence, upholding virtue, and practicing through history. Second, we must fully grasp the Party’s practice. We must go deep into Chinese-path modernization construction, grasp the great practice and actions of the Party and the state, the Party and the people in contemporary China, and deeply feel the important role and great significance of the Communist Party of China in the Chinese people’s pursuit of a happy life and the Chinese nation’s pursuit of national rejuvenation. Third, we must deeply understand Party building. Our Party strengthens its own construction, bravely engages in self-revolution, dares to turn the blade inward for self-purification, self-improvement, self-renovation, and self-enhancement, ensuring the Party’s advanced nature and purity, demonstrating extraordinary courageous spirit and fearless resolute strength. Fourth, we must firmly believe in and uphold Party leadership. The Communist Party of China is the backbone of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, the strong leading core of socialism with Chinese characteristics; Party leadership and Party governance are the fundamental guarantee for our continuous victory, and the foundation, strength, and guarantee for our continuous progress toward a bright future.

在中共党史党建学学科建设和学科内容构建中，我们要把知识、理念与价值观紧密结合，实现知识阐发、理念确立与价值观引领的有机统一。为此，一要认真学习党的历史。“党的历史是最生动、最有说服力的教科书。”要把学好党史与学好新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史、中华民族发展史结合起来，做到学史明理、学史增信、学史崇德、学史力行。二要充分把握党的实践。要深入到中国式现代化建设中，把握党和国家、党和人民在当代中国的伟大实践和所作所为，深切感悟中国共产党对于中国人民追求幸福生活、中华民族追求民族复兴的重要作用和重大意义。三要深刻认识党的建设。我们党加强自身建设、勇于自我革命，敢于刀刃向内进行自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高，确保了党的先进性和纯洁性，表现出非凡的勇毅精神和大无畏的果敢力量。四要坚信坚定党的领导。中国共产党是中国人民、中华民族的主心骨，是中国特色社会主义的坚强领导核心，党的领导、党的执政是我们不断夺取胜利的根本保证，是我们不断走向光明未来的底气所在、力量所在、保障所在。

In building the discipline of CPC history and Party building and solidly carrying out research in CPC history and Party building, only by fully understanding and recognizing the Communist Party of China, and fully understanding and recognizing the history, practice, theory, and goals of the Communist Party of China, can we stand on a solid disciplinary foundation, confidently and forcefully carry out disciplinary construction and the construction of an independent knowledge system, and correctly handle the dialectical relationship among knowledge elucidation, idea establishment, and value guidance, enabling the discipline of CPC history and Party building to gain a firm foothold and play a role in the Chinese philosophy and social science system, making an indispensable and incomparable contribution.

我们建设中共党史党建学，扎实开展中共党史党建学研究，唯有充分了解和认识中国共产党，充分了解和认识中国共产党的历史、实践、理论和目标，我们才能立足坚实的学科基础之上，自信有力地做好学科建设和自主知识体系构建，才能正确处理知识阐发、理念确立与价值观引领的辩证关系，使中共党史党建学在中国哲学社会科学体系中站稳脚跟、发挥作用，作出不可或缺而又不可比拟的应有贡献。

(Author’s brief introduction: Shang Zhixiao, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at the School of Marxism, Shandong Normal University, Director of the Research Institute of Contemporary Chinese Marxism at Shandong Universities)

（作者简介：商志晓，山东师范大学马克思主义学院教授、博士生导师，山东省高校当代中国马克思主义研究院院长）

Online editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆