The Logical Rationale and Optimization Path for Strengthening Party Building in the “Three New” Sectors in the New Era

General Secretary Xi Jinping, in his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, first proposed the concept of Party building in the “Three New” sectors, requiring the strengthening of “Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups,” and the building of grassroots Party organizations in all fields, including “Three New” Party organizations, “into strong fighting fortresses that effectively realize the Party’s leadership.” This important exposition profoundly reveals the objectives, tasks, and practical requirements for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors in the New Era. Under the guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition on strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors, the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Decision”), reviewed and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, proposes to “explore effective ways to strengthen Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups.” Based on this, exploring the logical rationale and optimization path for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors in the New Era, and answering the questions of “why, what, and how” regarding strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors in the New Era, is of great significance for deeply studying and implementing General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speeches and the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, and for strengthening and deepening Party building in the “Three New” sectors on the new journey.

习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中首次提出“三新”党建的概念，要求“加强新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体党的建设”，把包括“三新”党组织在内的各领域“基层党组织建设成为有效实现党的领导的坚强战斗堡垒”。这一重要论述深刻揭示了新时代加强“三新”党建的目标任务与实践要求。在习近平总书记关于加强“三新”党建重要论述的指导下，党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》）提出，要“探索加强新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体党的建设有效途径”。基于此，探寻新时代加强“三新”党建的逻辑理路与优化路径，回答新时代加强“三新”党建“为什么、是什么、怎么办”等问题，对于深入学习贯彻习近平总书记重要讲话和党的二十届三中全会精神、在新征程上加强和深化“三新”党建，具有十分重要的意义。

I. Literature Review

一、文献回顾

Since the concept of “Party building in the ‘Three New’ sectors” was proposed and elucidated by General Secretary Xi Jinping, academia has maintained sustained high attention to it, conducting analysis and discussion based on multiple dimensions, making it a rapidly emerging academic hot topic and important field in the study of Party building.

自“‘三新’党建”概念提出并经由习近平总书记阐发以来，学界对其予以持续高度关注，并基于多重维度展开分析探讨，使其迅速成为党的建设研究的学术热词与重要场域。

(I) Research on the Basis for Strengthening Party Building in the “Three New” Sectors in the New Era

（一）关于新时代加强“三新”党建的生成依据研究

Current academia believes that strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is the result of the combined effect of political, economic, and social factors in China. From a political perspective, strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is an inherent need to consolidate the Party’s ruling foundation in the New Era. From an economic perspective, strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is an inevitable requirement for regulating the development of the platform economy. From a social perspective, strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is an objective requirement for conforming to the general trend of changes in social organizational forms.

当前学界认为，加强“三新”党建是中国政治、经济和社会等方面因素综合作用的结果。从政治层面看，加强“三新”党建是新时代夯实党的执政根基的内在需要。从经济层面看，加强“三新”党建是推动平台经济规范发展的必然要求。从社会层面看，加强“三新”党建是顺应社会组织形态变革大趋势的客观要求。

(II) Research on the Realistic Observation of Strengthening Party Building in the “Three New” Sectors in the New Era

（二）关于新时代加强“三新”党建的现实观照研究

After more than ten years of theoretical exploration and practical development in the New Era, what achievements have been made in strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors, what problems exist, and the reasons for these problems are also key issues studied by academia. On the one hand, researchers generally affirm the current effectiveness of Party building in the “Three New” sectors, believing that from the Party Central Committee to local Party committees to grassroots Party organizations, great importance is attached to Party building work in the “Three New” sectors, actively exploring Party building models suitable for the characteristics of the “Three New” sectors, and promoting Party building in the “Three New” sectors with increasing effectiveness. On the other hand, researchers also emphasize that while seeing the phased achievements of Party building, it is necessary to recognize that there are still several problems in strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors at the current stage. These mainly involve insufficient coverage of Party organizations, insufficiently effective functioning of Party organizations, and imperfect mechanisms for Party building work. The reasons for these problems include weak political awareness, high personnel turnover, blurred organizational boundaries, limited time for participating in Party organization activities, and insufficient supply of Party building resources.

经过新时代十多年的理论探索与实践发展，加强“三新”党建取得了什么成效、存在哪些问题、存在问题的原因是什么亦是学界重点研究的问题。一方面，研究者普遍对当前“三新”党建成效表示肯定，认为从党中央到地方党委再到基层党组织都十分重视“三新”党建工作，积极探索适合“三新”特点的党建模式，推进“三新”党建越来越有力。另一方面，研究者亦强调，在看到党的建设阶段性成效的同时，要看到现阶段增强“三新”党建仍存在若干问题。这主要涉及党组织覆盖不够全面、党组织作用发挥不够有力、党建工作机制不够健全等方面。这些问题存在的原因包括政治意识不强、人员流动频繁、组织边界模糊、参与党组织活动的时间受限、党建资源供给不足等方面。

(III) Research on the Practical Path for Strengthening Party Building in the “Three New” Sectors in the New Era

（三）关于新时代加强“三新”党建的实践进路研究

Party building in the “Three New” sectors is both a theoretical proposition and a practical requirement. How to implement this practical requirement in advancing the great new project of Party building in the New Era is also a focus of researchers’ attention.

“三新”党建既是一项理论命题，也是一项实践要求。如何在推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程中落实这项实践要求，亦是研究者的关注焦点。

First, focusing on optimizing and strengthening the organizational carrier, enhancing leadership capacity, coordinating Party building work across various fields of the “Three New” sectors, and actively integrating Party building in the “Three New” sectors into social governance, to strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over “Three New” organizations and groups.

其一，着眼于优化建强组织载体、增强领导能力、统筹“三新”各领域党建工作、把“三新”党建积极融入社会治理等方面，加强党对“三新”组织和群体的全面领导。

Second, strengthening the self-construction of “Three New” Party organizations. Innovating the forms of Party organization establishment to achieve tangible coverage of “Three New” Party organizations; strengthening the education, management, service, and supervision of Party members in the “Three New” sectors.

其二，加强“三新”党组织自身建设。创新党组织设置形式，实现“三新”党组织的有形覆盖；加强对“三新”党员的教育、管理、服务与监督。

Third, increasing policy support efforts to provide material guarantees in terms of personnel, finances, and materials for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors.

其三，加大政策扶持力度，为加强“三新”党建提供人、财、物等方面的物质保障。

In summary, academia has conducted theoretical explorations around a series of questions concerning “why, what, and how” regarding strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors in the New Era, achieving relatively fruitful research results in areas such as the basis for generation, realistic observation, and practical path of strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors in the New Era. This has laid an academic foundation, contributed thinking support, and provided research references for deepening the study of Party building in the “Three New” sectors. At the same time, it should also be noted that current research on Party building in the “Three New” sectors is still in its infancy, and there remains room for expansion. First, in terms of research depth, most studies suffer from being more propagandistic and less academically rigorous. It is necessary to deeply explore the theoretical origins of strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors in the New Era, systematically expound the important expositions of Marxist classical writers and successive Party leaders on strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors, and thus enrich the theoretical foundation for the topic of Party building in the “Three New” sectors. Second, in terms of research breadth, there is a problem of insufficient vertical comparison. It is necessary to place Party building in the “Three New” sectors within a specific, coherent, and historical logic of Party history, systematically sort out the development and evolution process of Party building in the “Three New” sectors, and thus lay a solid historical foundation for the study of the topic of Party building in the “Three New” sectors. Third, in terms of research dimensions, it is necessary to base research on the new trends in the development of “Three New” organizations and groups in the New Era, reflecting the new requirements for strengthening Party building. Fourth, in terms of research effectiveness, most current research results concerning the means, strategies, and paths for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors suffer from more macro-level generalizations and fewer micro-level discussions. It is necessary to propose optimization paths for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors that are both targeted, operable, and effective, so as to provide specific rationales and effective guidelines for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors. Based on this, drawing on existing research results, this article conducts a systematic analysis of the logical rationale and optimization path for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors in the New Era from multiple aspects, including theoretical dimensions, historical dimensions, and practical perspectives.

综上，学界围绕新时代加强“三新”党建“为什么、是什么、怎么办”等系列问题展开了理论探索，在新时代加强“三新”党建的生成依据、现实观照、实践进路等方面取得了较为丰硕的研究成果，为深化“三新”党建的研究奠定了学术基础、贡献了思维支撑、提供了研究参照。同时也应看到，目前对“三新”党建的研究方兴未艾，仍然存在拓展的空间。一是从研究的深度看，大多数研究存在宣传性较强而学理性不足的问题，需要深入挖掘新时代加强“三新”党建的理论渊源，系统阐述马克思主义经典作家以及党的历届领导人关于加强“三新”党建的重要论述，为“三新”党建议题的研究厚植学理基础。二是从研究的广度看，存在纵向比较不够的问题，需要把“三新”党建置于特定的、连贯的、历史性的党史逻辑中，系统梳理“三新”党建的发展演进进程，为“三新”党建议题的研究奠定丰厚的历史基础。三是从研究的维度看，需要立足新时代“三新”组织和群体发展的新态势，体现加强党的建设的新要求。四是从研究的效度看，当前关涉加强“三新”党建的手段、策略、进路的研究成果大多存在多宏观泛论、少微观探讨的问题，需要提出兼具针对性、可操作性以及实效性的加强“三新”党建的优化路径，切实为加强“三新”党建提供具体理路与有效依循。基于此，本文在借鉴已有研究成果的基础上，从理论向度、历史维度、现实角度等多方面对新时代加强“三新”党建的逻辑理路与优化路径展开系统分析。

II. Theoretical Logic: The Inevitable Requirement of Adhering to “Wherever There Are Masses, There Is the Party”

二、理论逻辑：坚持“哪里有群众哪里就有党”的必然要求

“Wherever there are masses, there is the Party” is a concentrated expression of the nature of the Marxist political party and the principle of Party-mass relations in Party building and Party construction. Marxist classical writers and successive leaders of the Communist Party of China, based on the people-centered nature of the Marxist political party, adhere to the Marxist principle of Party-mass relations, take “wherever there are masses, there is the Party” as the value orientation, principle to follow, and practical requirement for Marxist party building, laying the theoretical foundation for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors in the New Era.

“哪里有群众哪里就有党”是马克思主义政党性质以及党群关系原理在建党与党建方面的集中体现。马克思主义经典作家以及中国共产党历届领导人立足马克思主义政党的人民性，坚持马克思主义关于党群关系的原理，把“哪里有群众哪里就有党”作为马克思主义政党建设的价值取向、原则遵循和实践要求，为新时代加强“三新”党建奠定了理论基础。

(I) Theoretical Exploration by Marxist Classical Writers on “Wherever There Are Masses, There Is the Party”

（一）马克思主义经典作家关于“哪里有群众哪里就有党”的理论探索

Marxist classical writers, based on the principle that the masses of the people are the subjects and creators of history, emphasize the people-centered nature of the Marxist political party, require the Marxist political party to firmly stand on the side of the people and rely on the broad masses to accomplish various undertakings, and take “wherever there are masses, there is the Party” as an important principle of Marxist party-building theory.

马克思主义经典作家立足人民群众是历史主体和历史创造者的原理，强调马克思主义政党的人民性，要求马克思主义政党站稳人民立场、依靠广大群众完成各项事业，把“哪里有群众哪里就有党”作为马克思主义建党学说的重要原则。

Marx and Engels emphasized that “historical activity is the activity of the masses”; the first historical act of human beings is the production of the means to satisfy basic needs such as food, drink, clothing, and shelter, activities that continuously create material wealth for society; “the workers create everything, and even their spiritual creations make the whole critique feel ashamed.” Lenin also pointed out that “it is the broad masses who decide the outcome of history”; “the vigorous, creative socialism is founded by the people themselves,” and the masses are the decisive force in social change. These important expositions profoundly reveal the principle that the masses are the subjects and creators of history. Proceeding from this principle, when drafting the program for the world’s first Marxist political party—the Communist League—Marx and Engels stressed that the Communist Party acts “for the interests of the vast majority,” that Communists always uphold the overall interests of the proletariat, and that “they have no interests separate and apart from those of the proletariat as a whole.” In evaluating the world’s first proletarian regime—the Paris Commune—Marx further advanced the idea that Party cadres and members of a Marxist political party are “servants of the Commune,” emphasizing that “the servants of the Commune” are responsible for the interests of the people. Lenin regarded “drawing the broadest masses of the people into the creation of history” as the key factor in the victory of the revolution. The above shows that the classical Marxist writers, proceeding from historical materialism, emphasized the people-centered nature of Marxist political parties, requiring them to firmly take the people’s stand and rely on the broad masses to accomplish all undertakings.

马克思、恩格斯强调，“历史活动是群众的活动”；人的第一个历史活动就是进行满足人吃喝穿等基本生活需要的资料的生产活动，这些活动不断地为社会创造物质财富；“工人才创造一切，甚至就以他们的精神创造来说，也会使得整个批判感到羞愧”。列宁也指出，“决定历史结局的却是广大群众”；“生气勃勃的创造性的社会主义是由人民群众自己创立的”，人民群众是社会变革的决定力量。这些重要论述深刻揭示了人民群众是历史主体和历史创造者的原理。从这一原理出发，马克思、恩格斯在为世界第一个马克思主义政党——共产主义者同盟制订纲领时强调，共产党是“为绝大多数人谋利益”，共产党人始终坚持无产阶级的整体利益，“他们没有任何同整个无产阶级的利益不同的利益”。马克思在评价世界第一个无产阶级政权——巴黎公社时进一步提出马克思主义政党的党员干部是“公社勤务员”的思想，强调“公社勤务员”对人民的利益负责。列宁把“发动了极广大的人民群众投身于历史的创造”作为革命胜利的关键因素。以上表明，马克思主义经典作家从唯物史观出发，强调马克思主义政党的人民性，要求马克思主义政党站稳人民立场、依靠广大群众完成各项事业。

From the cities to the countryside, from the workers to the peasants, Marx and Engels demanded that the proletarian party actively establish its grassroots organizations, enabling the party to firmly stand with the workers and peasants and rely on the broad masses of workers and peasants to carry out the proletarian revolution. In the *Address of the Central Committee to the Communist League*, Marx and Engels pointed out that the proletarian party must strengthen its work, establish party organizations among the urban working masses, and “make every one of its branches the center and nucleus of the workers’ associations,” serving the workers, safeguarding their interests, and better promoting the development of the workers’ movement. In *The Peasant Question in France and Germany*, Engels further noted that “the peasant is everywhere a very important factor in population, production, and political power”; the party should move from the cities to the countryside, establish party organizations in rural areas, and make the party “a force in the countryside,” uniting the broad peasant masses for the proletarian revolution. Lenin demanded that the party go deep among the workers, peasants, and soldiers, achieving the goal that “wherever there are masses, there we must go to work,” closely contacting, propagandizing, agitating, and organizing the broad masses to actively participate in the Russian revolution and socialist construction. During the revolutionary period, Lenin stressed the need to “fully trust the working masses,” absorb activists from among them into the party, establish workers’ party branches, expand influence over the workers through vigorous agitation, and rely on the workers to carry out revolutionary struggle. After the October Revolution, Lenin demanded the “establishment of rural party branches” in the countryside, relying on the alliance of urban workers and poor peasants to facilitate the smooth transition from small-scale peasant economy to socialist agriculture; he also demanded the “establishment of Communist Party branches in every military unit,” actively carrying out propaganda and agitation work to strengthen internal cohesion and discipline within the Red Army. The above shows that the classical Marxist writers regarded “wherever there are masses, there the party should be” as an important principle of Marxist party-building theory, actively carrying out party work, establishing party organizations, and strengthening party building among the masses in all spheres.

从城市到农村，从工人到农民，马克思、恩格斯要求无产阶级政党积极建立党的基层组织，使党坚定站稳工人、农民的立场，依靠广大工人和农民进行无产阶级革命。马克思、恩格斯在《共产主义者同盟中央委员会告同盟书》中指出，无产阶级政党必须加强党的工作，在城市工人群众中建立党组织，“使自己的每一个支部都成为工人协会的中心和核心”，服务工人群众，维护工人群众的利益，更好地促进工人运动的发展。恩格斯在《法德农民问题》中进一步指出，“农民到处都是人口、生产和政治力量的非常重要的因素”，党应当从城市走向农村，在农村建立党组织，使党“成为农村中的一股力量”，团结广大农民进行无产阶级革命。列宁要求党要深入工人、农民、军队等群体中，做到“哪里有群众，就一定到哪里去工作”，密切联系、宣传、鼓动和组织广大群众积极投身俄国革命和社会主义建设。革命时期，列宁强调“要充分相信工人群众”，把工人群众中的积极分子吸收到党内来，建立工人党支部，通过大力开展鼓动工作，扩大对工人群众的影响，依靠工人群众开展革命斗争。十月革命后，列宁要求在农村“建立农村党支部”，依靠城市工人同贫苦农民的联盟，推动小农经济向社会主义农业的顺利过渡；要求“在每一个部队中成立共产党支部”，积极开展宣传鼓动工作，加强红军内部的联系和纪律。以上表明，马克思主义经典作家把“哪里有群众哪里就有党”作为马克思主义建党学说的重要原则，在各领域群众中积极开展党的工作、建立党的组织、加强党的建设。

(II) Important Expositions by Successive Leaders of the CPC on “Wherever There Are Masses, There the Party Should Be”

（二）中国共产党历届领导人关于“哪里有群众哪里就有党”的重要论述

In guiding and advancing party building, successive leaders of the CPC have upheld and developed the Marxist principle of the people-centered nature of the political party and the relationship between the party and the masses. They have consistently followed the important principle of “wherever there are masses, there the party should be,” proceeding from China’s concrete realities and adapting to different historical conditions, to promote party work, establish party organizations, and strengthen party building in various spheres, relying on the broad masses in those spheres to carry out revolution, construction, and reform.

中国共产党历届领导人在指导推进党的建设过程中，坚持并发展马克思主义政党人民性以及关于党群关系的原理，始终遵循“哪里有群众哪里就有党”的重要原则，从中国具体实际出发，根据不同的时代条件，推动在各个领域开展党的工作、建立党的组织、加强党的建设，依靠各领域广大群众进行革命、建设与改革。

Mao Zedong emphasized that the masses are the true heroes, holding that “the people, and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.” He vividly likened the party-masses relationship to that of fish and water, or seeds and soil, demanding that all party members “serve the people wholeheartedly,” do everything for the masses, rely on them in everything, and “come from the masses and go to the masses.” On this basis, Mao personally participated in or guided the establishment of party branches in various spheres. In 1925, Mao organized the establishment of China’s first rural grassroots party organization—the Shaoshan Special Branch of the CPC—in Shaoshan, mobilizing the poor peasants to rise up in revolution, laying the foundation for the victory of the revolutionary path of “encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing state power by armed force.” In 1927, Mao established the first company-level party branch in the Red Army, pioneering the practice of “building the party on a company basis.” In 1939, in his article “Introducing *The Communist*,” Mao put forward the demand to vigorously develop party organizations. Party branches were successively established in factories, villages, schools, government organs, and military companies, spreading like wildfire across the land of China and uniting the masses in all spheres to join in China’s revolution and construction.

毛泽东强调人民群众是真正的英雄，认为“人民，只有人民，才是创造世界历史的动力”。把党群关系形象地比喻为鱼水关系、种子与土地的关系，要求全体党员“全心全意地为人民服务”，一切为了群众，一切依靠群众，“从群众中来，到群众中去”。基于此，毛泽东亲自参与或指导推动各领域党支部的建立。1925年，毛泽东在韶山组建了中国第一个农村基层党组织——中共韶山特别支部，组织贫苦农民起来革命，奠定了“农村包围城市、武装夺取政权”的革命胜利之势。1927年，毛泽东在红军中建立了第一个连党支部，开创了“支部建在连上”的先河。1939年，毛泽东在《〈共产党人〉发刊词》中提出大力发展党的组织的要求。各个工厂、农村、学校、机关、连队等相继建立党支部，党支部的建立在中华大地成为燎原之势，团结了各领域群众投身中国革命和建设中。

Deng Xiaoping stressed that “the masses are the source of our strength,” demanding that the whole party rely on the broad masses to accomplish the various tasks of socialist modernization; Jiang Zemin regarded “close ties with the masses” as “the party’s greatest political advantage,” put forward the important thought of the “Three Represents,” and specifically pointed out that “the party must always represent the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the Chinese people”; Hu Jintao made “people-oriented” the core of the Scientific Outlook on Development, demanding that all party members “always maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses” and rely on the masses for reform and opening up. All these urgently required that “wherever there are masses, there the party should be,” and that party organizations be established in all spheres. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC successfully achieved the rectification of the party’s thinking, organization, and work style, party building in traditional spheres such as state-owned enterprises, schools, and government organs was gradually restored, adjusted, and strengthened. With the advancement of economic reform and changes in social structure, new spheres such as rural areas implementing the household contract responsibility system, non-public economic organizations, urban communities, social organizations, and social intermediary agencies emerged one after another. Party organizations simultaneously extended and covered these new spheres, closely relying on the masses in all spheres to advance reform and opening up and socialist modernization.

邓小平强调“群众是我们力量的源泉”，要求全党依靠广大群众完成社会主义现代化建设的各项任务；江泽民把“密切联系群众”作为“党的最大政治优势”，提出“三个代表”重要思想，特别指出“党要始终代表中国最广大人民的根本利益”；胡锦涛把“以人为本”作为科学发展观的核心，要求全体党员“始终保持同人民群众的血肉联系”，依靠群众改革开放。这些都迫切要求“哪里有群众哪里就有党”，在各个领域建立党组织。党的十一届三中全会成功实现党在思想上、组织上、作风上的拨乱反正后，国企、学校、机关等传统领域党的建设得以逐步恢复、调整和加强；随着经济改革的推进和社会结构的变化，实行家庭联产承包责任制的农村、非公有制经济组织、城市社区、社会团体和社会中介组织等新兴领域层出不穷，党的组织同步向这些新兴领域延伸和覆盖，紧紧依靠各领域群众推进改革开放和社会主义现代化建设。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward the people-centered development thought, demanding that all party members “always place the people in the highest position in their hearts,” “organize and unite the broad masses in all spheres well,” and firmly rely on the broad masses of the people to create historical achievements. General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward a series of new ideas, new judgments, new demands, and new deployments regarding party building in spheres such as rural areas, communities, state-owned enterprises, financial enterprises, mixed-ownership enterprises, non-public enterprises, industry associations, academic societies, chambers of commerce, new economic organizations, new social organizations, and People’s Liberation Army companies, promoting comprehensive progress and comprehensive excellence in party organizations in these spheres. With the development of the economy and society, the scope of new business forms represented by the internet economy has become increasingly broad, and the new employment groups represented by couriers, food delivery riders, live-streamers, ride-hailing drivers, and truck drivers have continued to expand. In response, General Secretary Xi Jinping, for the first time at the 2018 National Conference on Organizational Work, proposed “strengthening party building in emerging business forms and on the internet.” In the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, he further emphasized the need to strengthen “party building among new employment groups,” enhance the political and organizational functions of party organizations among these groups, and continuously expand the party’s influence, cohesion, and appeal among them.

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记提出“以人民为中心”的发展思想，要求全体党员“始终把人民放在心中最高位置”，“把各领域广大群众组织凝聚好”，紧紧依靠广大人民群众创造历史伟业。习近平总书记对农村、社区、国有企业、金融企业、混合所有制企业、非公有制企业、行业协会、学会、商会、新经济组织、新社会组织、人民解放军连队等领域党的建设提出一系列新思想新论断新要求新部署，推动这些领域党组织全面进步、全面过硬。随着经济社会的发展，以互联网经济为代表的新业态领域的范围越来越广，以快递员、外卖配送员、网络直播人员、网约车司机、货车司机为代表的新就业群体持续扩大。对此，习近平总书记在2018年全国组织工作会议上首次提出“加强新兴业态和互联网党建工作”，在党的二十大报告中进一步强调要加强“新就业群体党的建设”，增强新就业群体党组织政治功能和组织功能，不断扩大党在新就业群体中的影响力、凝聚力、号召力。

In sum, the classical Marxist writers adhered to the principle of the people’s character of the Marxist political party and the theory of Party-mass relations, promoting the formation of the principle “wherever there are masses, there is the Party.” As a typical representative of a Marxist political party, the Communist Party of China has always followed this principle in Party building and Party construction. In the New Era, specifically in the fields of new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups, in order to unite and rally the broad masses in the “Three News” fields to actively engage in building a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, it is necessary to actively carry out Party work, establish Party organizations, and strengthen Party building in the “Three News” fields.

总之，马克思主义经典作家坚持马克思主义政党人民性以及关于党群关系的原理，推动形成了“哪里有群众哪里就有党”的原则。作为马克思主义政党的典型代表，中国共产党在建党与党建中始终遵循这一原则。在新时代，具体到新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体等领域，要团结凝聚“三新”领域中的广大群众积极投身强国建设、民族复兴中，必须在“三新”领域积极开展党的工作、建立党的组织、加强党的建设。

III. Historical Logic: The Evolution from “One New” Party Building to “Two News” Party Building to “Three News” Party Building

三、历史逻辑：从“一新”党建到“两新”党建再到“三新”党建的发展演进

The proposal of “Three News” Party building underwent a long and progressive process. The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC [6]6 “Two New” organizations refers to new economic organizations and new social organizations, the predecessor of the “Three New” sectors. lifted the curtain on reform and opening up. “Three News” Party building emerged in response to the advancement of economic reform and changes in social structure and has been continuously strengthened, undergoing an evolutionary process from “One New” Party building to “Two News” Party building and then to “Three News” Party building, which can be divided into the following four stages:

“三新”党建的提出经历了一个长期的、递进的过程。党的十一届三中全会拉开了改革开放的序幕，“三新”党建随着经济改革的推进与社会结构的变化应运而生并不断强化，经历了从“一新”党建到“两新”党建再到“三新”党建的演变过程，可划分为以下四个阶段：

(I) Stage One: The Emergence of New Economic Organizations and the Establishment of Their Party Organizations (1978–1989)

（一）第一阶段：新经济组织的应运而生及其党组织的建立（1978—1989年）

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, the non-public economy was restored and developed, and various new economic organizations emerged. In 1978, the first foreign-funded enterprise, Matsushita Electric, settled in China; on September 22, 1979, the Shanghai Industrial and Commercial Patriotic Construction Company was formally established, becoming the first private enterprise after reform and opening up; on December 11, 1980, Zhang Huamei of Wenzhou received China’s first individual industrial and commercial household business license. In October 1981, the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the “Decision on Broadening Channels, Invigorating the Economy, and Solving the Problem of Urban Employment,” requiring the development of Party members and the gradual establishment of Party organizations among those engaged in the individual economy; in 1983, the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the “Directive on Developing Urban and Rural Retail Commerce and Service Industries,” further requiring the development of Party members and the establishment and improvement of Party organizations in individual commerce and service industries. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, in April 1984, Fujian Nanfeng Knitting Factory took the lead in establishing the first Party organization in a non-public enterprise nationwide since reform and opening up; in 1985, Zhejiang Province established 14 Party organizations in 26 foreign-funded enterprises. This marked the earliest entry of Party organizations into the field of new economic organizations. Thus, Party organizations began to be established within new economic organizations.

党的十一届三中全会后，非公有制经济得到恢复和发展，各种新经济组织应运而生。1978年第一家外资企业松下电器落户中国；1979年9月22日，上海市工商界爱国建设公司正式成立，成为改革开放后首家民营企业；1980年12月11日，温州的章华妹领到了我国第一份个体工商户营业执照。1981年10月，中共中央、国务院出台《关于广开门路，搞活经济，解决城镇就业问题的若干决定》，要求在从事个体经济的人员中发展党员并逐步建立党组织；1983年，中共中央、国务院出台《关于发展城乡零售商业、服务业的指示》，进一步要求在个体商业、服务业中发展党员，建立和健全基层商业、服务业中的党组织。在中国共产党的领导下，1984年4月，福建南丰针织厂率先成立了改革开放以来全国第一家非公有制企业党组织；1985年，浙江省在26家外资企业中建立14个党组织。这是党的组织最早进入新经济组织领域。至此，党组织开始在新经济组织中建立起来。

(II) Stage Two: The Proposal of the Concept of “Two News” Organizations and the Standardization of Their Party Organization Establishment (1989–2002)

（二）第二阶段：“两新”组织概念的提出及其党组织组建的规范化（1989—2002年）

After the publication of Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Talks in 1992 [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Organizational Work,” July 3, 2018., various new economic organizations and new social organizations developed rapidly, which further made the Party recognize the importance of strengthening “Two News” Party building. The 14th National Congress of the CPC [8]8 The mass line education and practice campaign was a Party-wide campaign launched in 2013 to improve Party conduct and strengthen ties with the people. for the first time included Party building in new economic organizations in its congress report, requiring the establishment and improvement of Party organizations and work systems in new economic organizations. The “Decision on Several Major Issues Concerning the Strengthening of Party Building” adopted at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the CPC [9]9 The 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection is the Party’s internal disciplinary body for the 2012-2017 term. pointed out that “various newly established economic organizations and social organizations are increasing day by day, and it is necessary to establish Party organizations and carry out Party activities based on actual conditions.” This was the first time a Party document proposed the concept of “Two News” organizations. Subsequently, the Party and the state successively issued a series of documents to further guide the establishment of “Two News” Party organizations and the conduct of Party building activities. In 1998, the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC and the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the “Notice on Issues Concerning the Establishment of Party Organizations in Social Organizations,” stipulating the methods and basic tasks for establishing Party organizations in social organizations. This was the first document issued by the Party Central Committee specifically targeting Party building in new social organizations, and from then on, the establishment of Party organizations in new social organizations moved toward standardization. In 1999, the Central Committee of the CPC issued the “Several Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Work,” requiring, in response to the increasing number of “Two News” organizations, the establishment and improvement of “Two News” Party organizations; and, in response to the new situation of large-scale labor migration between industries and regional mobility, requiring the strengthening of education and management of Party members in “Two News” organizations. In 2000, the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC successively issued the “Opinions on Strengthening Party Building Work in Social Organizations” and the “Opinions on Strengthening Party Building Work in Individual and Private and Other Non-Public Economic Organizations (Trial),” standardizing the methods of establishment, affiliation relationships, status and role, duties and tasks, and education and management of Party members in “Two News” organizations. In summary, during this period, the number of Party organizations in “Two News” organizations increased rapidly, their coverage expanded continuously, and the establishment of Party organizations moved toward standardization.

1992年邓小平南方谈话发表后，各类新经济组织、新社会组织快速发展，这使党进一步认识到加强“两新”党建的重要性。党的十四大首次把新经济组织党的建设写入大会报告，要求在新经济组织中建立健全党的组织和工作制度。党的十四届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于加强党的建设几个重大问题的决定》指出，“各种新建立的经济组织和社会组织日益增多，需要从实际出发建立党的组织，开展党的活动”。这是党的文件首次提出“两新”组织的概念。此后，党和国家先后发布一系列文件，进一步指导“两新”党组织的建立和党建活动的开展。1998年，中共中央组织部、民政部发布《关于在社会团体中建立党组织有关问题的通知》，对社会团体党组织的组建方式、基本任务作出规定。这是党中央第一次专门针对新社会组织党的建设发布的文件，自此以后新社会组织党组织组建走向规范化道路。1999年，中共中央发布《关于加强和改进思想政治工作的若干意见》，针对“两新”组织的日益增多，要求建立健全“两新”党组织；针对大批劳动力在产业间转移和地区间流动的新情况，要求加强对“两新”组织中党员教育和管理。2000年，中共中央组织部先后印发《关于加强社会团体党的建设工作的意见》《关于在个体和私营等非公有制经济组织中加强党的建设工作的意见（试行）》，规范了“两新”组织党组织的组建方式、隶属关系、地位作用、职责任务以及党员教育管理。总之，这一时期，“两新”组织党组织数量迅速增加、覆盖面不断扩大，党组织组建走向规范化道路。

(III) Stage Three: Steady Advancement of “Two News” Party Building Work (2002–2012)

（三）第三阶段：“两新”党建工作的稳步推进（2002—2012年）

The 16th National Congress of the CPC [10]10 The Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was held in October 2016. for the first time in the Party’s history wrote “Two News” Party building into the Party Constitution. Article 29 of the Party Constitution put forward requirements for the establishment of Party organizations in new social organizations such as social groups and social intermediary organizations; Article 32 supplemented the duties and tasks of Party organizations in non-public economic organizations. The “Company Law of the People’s Republic of China” revised in 2005 required companies to establish Party organizations and provide necessary conditions for carrying out Party building activities. This provided legal and institutional guarantees for further advancing “Two News” Party building work. The Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the CPC [11]11 The Sixth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the CPC, held in October 2006, addressed social harmony and the role of Party organizations in new social and economic entities. emphasized the need to “advance Party building work in new economic organizations and new social organizations, expand the coverage of Party work, and give full play to the role of grassroots Party organizations in uniting people’s hearts, promoting development, and fostering harmony.” The report of the 17th National Congress of the CPC [12]12 The 17th National Congress of the CPC, held in October 2007, emphasized expanding Party organizational coverage in “Two News” fields. called for strengthening Party building in “Two News” organizations, optimizing organizational setups, expanding organizational coverage, and fully leveraging the role of grassroots Party organizations in promoting development, serving the masses, uniting people’s hearts, and fostering harmony, using “Two News” Party building to drive the self-construction of “Two News” organizations. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the CPC [13]13 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the CPC, held in September 2009, focused on strengthening grassroots Party building and adapting organizational forms to new social conditions. called for exploring forms of grassroots Party organization setup, promptly establishing Party organizations in “Two News” organizations, and continuously expanding the coverage and influence of Party organizations; for “Two News” organizations that had already established Party organizations, specific requirements and directions for advancement were put forward regarding the content and methods of their Party building activities, the role of Party organizations, and the education, management, supervision, and service of Party members. In summary, during this stage, “Two News” Party building work shifted from focusing on the establishment of Party organizations to placing equal emphasis on the establishment of Party organizations and the exertion of their role, and from general requirements to standardization and institutionalization. “Two News” Party building work reached a new level.

党的十六大在党的历史上首次把“两新”党建写入党章，党章第二十九条对社会团体、社会中介组织等新社会组织建立党组织提出要求，第三十二条补充非公有制经济组织中党组织的职责任务；2005年修订的《中华人民共和国公司法》要求公司建立党的组织，为开展党建活动提供必要条件。这为进一步推进“两新”党建工作提供了法律制度保障。党的十六届六中全会强调，要“推进新经济组织、新社会组织党建工作，扩大党的工作覆盖面，发挥基层党组织凝聚人心、推动发展、促进和谐的作用”。党的十七大报告要求加强“两新”组织党的建设，优化组织设置，扩大组织覆盖，充分发挥基层党组织推动发展、服务群众、凝聚人心、促进和谐的作用，以“两新”党建带动“两新”组织自身建设。党的十七届四中全会要求探索基层党组织设置形式，尽快在“两新”组织中建立党组织，不断扩大党组织的覆盖面和影响力；已建立党组织的“两新”组织，对其党建活动的内容方式、党组织作用发挥、党员教育管理监督服务等方面，提出具体要求、指明推进方向。总之，这一阶段，“两新”党建工作从注重抓党组织组建向注重党组织组建与发挥党组织作用并重转变，从一般性要求向规范化制度化转变，“两新”党建工作迈上了新的台阶。

(IV) Stage Four: The Proposal and Comprehensive Advancement of “Three News” Party Building (2012 to the Present)

（四）第四阶段：“三新”党建的提出及其全面推进（2012年以来）

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022. introduced for the first time the concept of Party building in the “Three New” sectors, requiring that “Party building be strengthened in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and among new employment groups.” [2]2 “New economic organizations” refer to private enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, and individual businesses; “new social organizations” refer to associations, foundations, and social service agencies; “new employment groups” refer to workers in non-traditional, often platform-based, jobs such as ride-hailing drivers and delivery riders. This is the Party’s scientific summation of the decade-long effort to strengthen Party building in the “Three New” sectors in the New Era. In March 2012, Xi Jinping, then Vice President, at the National Conference on Party Building in Non-Public Enterprises, based on the number and role of non-public enterprises, highlighted the importance of Party building work in non-public enterprises within the overall Party building effort, and pointed the way for Party building in non-public enterprises by focusing on achieving the “two coverages” [3]3 “Two coverages” refers to the coverage of Party organizations and the coverage of Party work., giving play to the “two roles” [4]4 “Two roles” refers to the role of Party organizations as political cores and the role of Party members as vanguards and models., and strengthening the building of the “two teams.” [5]5 “Two teams” refers to the team of Party organization secretaries and the team of Party affairs workers. On this basis, after the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core comprehensively advanced Party building in the “Three New” sectors, and Party building in the “Three New” sectors entered a new stage of high-quality advancement. In September 2015, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued the “Opinions on Strengthening Party Building Work in Social Organizations (Trial),” which set forth clear requirements on the status, role, and basic responsibilities of Party organizations in social organizations, the management system and working mechanisms for Party building work, and the pathways for Party organizations and Party members to play their roles. This was of great significance for strengthening the Party’s leadership over social organizations and promoting their healthy development, providing institutional guarantees for comprehensively strengthening Party building in social organizations. In July 2016, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee issued the “Notice on Concentratedly Promoting the Coverage of Party Organizations and Party Work in Non-Public Enterprises and Social Organizations,” which set forth specific requirements and pointed out directions for strengthening the “two coverages” in the “Two New” organizations [6]6 “Two New” organizations refers to new economic organizations and new social organizations, the predecessor of the “Three New” sectors. from the perspectives of objectives and tasks, work measures, and organizational leadership. In October 2017, General Secretary Xi Jinping, in his report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC, emphasized the need to focus on developing Party members in non-public economic organizations and social organizations, to enhance organizational capacity, and to highlight political functions. In July 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping, at the National Conference on Organizational Work, specifically emphasized the issue of Party building in emerging fields, requiring that Party building be strengthened in new economic organizations, new social organizations, new business forms, and on the internet; in the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, he introduced for the first time the concept of Party building in the “Three New” sectors, requiring that the political and organizational functions of Party organizations in the “Three New” sectors be enhanced, and that these Party organizations be built into strong combat fortresses that effectively realize the Party’s leadership over the “Three New” organizations, providing fundamental guidance for comprehensively advancing Party building in the “Three New” sectors.

党的二十大报告首次提出“三新”党建的概念，要求“加强新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体党的建设”。这是党对新时代十年来加强“三新”党建的科学总结。2012年3月，时任国家副主席的习近平在全国非公有制企业党建工作会议上，立足非公有制企业的数量和作用，突出强调非公有制企业党建工作在整个党建工作中的重要性，从抓好“两个覆盖”、发挥“两个作用”、加强“两支队伍”建设等方面为非公有制企业党的建设指明方向。在此基础上，党的十八大之后，以习近平同志为核心的党中央全面推进“三新”党建，“三新”党建进入高质量推进的新阶段。2015年9月，中共中央办公厅印发《关于加强社会组织党的建设工作的意见（试行）》，对社会组织党组织的地位作用与基本职责、党建工作的管理体制与工作机制、党组织和党员作用发挥的途径等方面提出明确要求，这对于加强党对社会组织的领导、促进社会组织健康发展具有重要意义，为全面加强社会组织党的建设提供了制度保障。2016年7月，中共中央组织部印发《关于集中推进非公有制企业和社会组织党的组织和工作覆盖的通知》，从目标任务、工作措施、组织领导等角度对进一步推进“两新”组织的“两个覆盖”提出具体要求、指明强化方向。2017年10月，习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中强调要注重在非公有制经济组织、社会组织中发展党员，提升组织力、突出政治功能。2018年7月，习近平总书记在全国组织工作会议上专门强调新兴领域党的建设问题，要求加强新经济组织、新社会组织、新兴业态和互联网党的建设；在党的二十大报告中首次提出“三新”党建的概念，要求增强“三新”党组织政治功能和组织功能，把“三新”党组织建设成为有效实现党对“三新”组织领导的坚强战斗堡垒，为全面推进“三新”党建提供了根本遵循。

In summary, from Party building in the “One New” sector to Party building in the “Two New” sectors and then to Party building in the “Three New” sectors, from focusing on the establishment of Party organizations to emphasizing the role of Party organizations and then to strengthening the political and organizational functions of Party organizations, this reflects the historical consciousness of the Communist Party of China in attaching importance to strengthening Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and among new employment groups, and is a fine tradition and notable advantage of the Communist Party of China.

总之，从“一新”党建到“两新”党建再到“三新”党建，从注重党组织的组建到重视发挥党组织作用再到强化党组织的政治功能与组织功能，体现了中国共产党重视在新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体中加强党的建设的历史自觉，是中国共产党的优良传统和显著优势。

IV. Realistic Logic: An Inherent Requirement for Improving the Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party System in the New Era

四、现实逻辑：新时代健全全面从严治党体系的题中之义

“Strengthening Party building in the ‘Three New’ sectors” and “improving the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system” are new propositions put forward in the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC. Whether viewed from the field of advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era or from the practical requirements of improving the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system, “improving the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system” and “strengthening Party building in the ‘Three New’ sectors” are interconnected, with the former providing the realistic logic for the latter.

“加强‘三新’党建”与“健全全面从严治党体系”是党的二十大报告提出的新命题。无论是从新时代推进全面从严治党的场域看，还是从健全全面从严治党体系的实践要求看，“健全全面从严治党体系”与“加强‘三新’党建”彼此联系，前者为后者提供了现实逻辑。

(I) Party building in the “Three New” sectors is an important field for advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era

（一）“三新”党建是新时代推进全面从严治党的重要场域

Entering the New Era, against the backdrop of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, China has accelerated the development of new quality productive forces. New economic organizations and new social organizations have emerged in large numbers, and the scope of new business forms based on the platform economy is expanding, gathering large numbers of new employment groups such as truck drivers, ride-hailing drivers, couriers, food delivery riders, and online streamers. According to statistics from the State Administration for Market Regulation, as of the end of September 2023, the number of registered new economic organizations nationwide exceeded 174 million, including over 52 million private enterprises, 684,000 foreign-invested enterprises, and 122 million individual businesses, a net increase of over 123 million compared to 51 million at the end of 2012. According to statistics from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as of the end of 2023, the total number of social organizations in China was 881,000, an increase of over 500,000 compared to 2012. According to data from the Ninth National Survey on the Status of the Workforce, the number of workers in new forms of employment reached 84 million, accounting for 21% of the total national workforce. However, comparatively, the pace of Party building work in the “Three New” sectors has not kept up with the development trends of “Three New” organizations and groups, and it remains a weak link in the field of primary-level Party building. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “The more complex the situation and the weaker the foundation of a place, the more necessary it is to strengthen Party organizations and do Party work well, ensuring full coverage and consolidating the foundation.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Organizational Work,” July 3, 2018. Therefore, strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors and upholding the Party’s comprehensive leadership over “Three New” organizations and groups have become specific requirements and an important field for implementing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party down to every “nerve ending” in the New Era.

进入新时代，在新一轮科技革命和产业变革的大背景下，我国加速推进新质生产力的发展，新经济组织、新社会组织大量涌现，以平台经济为载体的新业态领域的范围越来越广，聚集着大量的货车司机、网约车司机、快递员、外卖配送员、网络主播等新就业群体。根据市场监督管理总局统计，截至2023年9月底，全国登记在册的新经济组织超过1.74亿个，其中民营企业超过5200万户、外商投资企业68.4万户、个体工商户1.22亿户，相比2012年底的5100万个，净增超1.23亿个。根据民政部统计，截至2023年底，我国社会组织总量有88.1万个，比2012年多50余万个。据第九次全国职工队伍状况调查数据显示，新就业形态劳动者达8400万人，占全国职工总数的21%。但相比而言，“三新”党建工作步伐尚未跟上“三新”组织和群体的发展态势，仍是基层党建领域的薄弱环节。习近平总书记强调，“越是情况复杂、基础薄弱的地方，越要健全党的组织、做好党的工作，确保全覆盖，固本强基”。因此，加强“三新”党建，坚持党对“三新”组织和群体的全面领导，成为新时代全面从严治党落实到每一根“末梢神经”的具体要求与重要场域。

First, the introduction of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party has opened up a new situation for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors. In October 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping, at the summary meeting of the Party’s mass line education and practice campaign [8]8 The mass line education and practice campaign was a Party-wide campaign launched in 2013 to improve Party conduct and strengthen ties with the people., first proposed “comprehensively advancing strict governance of the Party,” requiring that the understanding of the laws governing Party management and governance be deepened at the primary level; in December of the same year, during an inspection in Jiangsu, he first incorporated “comprehensive and strict governance of the Party” as an important component of the strategic layout of socialism with Chinese characteristics, transforming Party building from an external safeguard in the past to an internal requirement, greatly enhancing its strategic status; in January 2016, at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection [9]9 The 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection is the Party’s internal disciplinary body for the 2012-2017 term., he first proposed “promoting the extension of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to the primary level,” taking all primary-level Party organizations, including those in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and among new employment groups, as important carriers of “comprehensiveness,” and taking the assumption of primary responsibility by primary-level Party branches in various fields as an important element of “strict governance.” In October 2016, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee [10]10 The Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was held in October 2016. specifically studied comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, clarifying that the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system covers all aspects including ideology, supervision, discipline enforcement, cadre management, work style, and anti-corruption, pointing the way for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors. In summary, the introduction of the strategy of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era and its unwavering extension to the primary level have opened up a broader new situation for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors, and Party building in the “Three New” sectors has ushered in new historical opportunities.

一是全面从严治党的提出为加强“三新”党建开辟了新局面。2014年10月，习近平总书记在党的群众路线教育实践活动总结大会上首次提出“全面推进从严治党”，要求深入基层深化对管党治党规律的认识；同年12月，在江苏调研时，他首次将“全面从严治党”作为中国特色社会主义战略布局的重要内容，使党的建设从过去的外在保障成为内在要求，极大提升了其战略地位；2016年1月，他在十八届中央纪委六次全会上首次提出要“推动全面从严治党向基层延伸”，把面向包括新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体中的各个基层党组织作为“全面”的重要载体，把各领域基层党支部担起主体责任作为“治”的重要内容。2016年10月，党的十八届六中全会专题研究全面从严治党，明确全面从严治党体系涵盖思想、监督、执纪、治吏、作风、反腐等各环节，为加强“三新”党建指明了方向。总之，新时代全面从严治党战略的提出以及毫不动摇向基层延伸，为加强“三新”党建开辟了更加广阔的新局面，“三新”党建迎来了新的历史机遇。

Second, the construction of the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system has provided a new dimension for continuously strengthening Party building in the “Three New” spheres. The report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC [14]14 The “1+5” framework refers to the Party Constitution as the foundational document (“1”) and five categories of intra-Party regulations: those on the Two Upholds, Party leadership, Party organization, Party self-building, and Party supervision and guarantees. took “upholding comprehensive and strict governance of the Party” as an important component of the basic strategy for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, clearly specifying that the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system runs through all aspects of the Party’s political, ideological, organisational, conduct, disciplinary, and institutional building, as well as the fight against corruption. It required that comprehensive and strict governance of the Party be implemented at the grassroots level, continuously enhancing the organisational capacity of grassroots Party organisations and strengthening their political functions, and building grassroots Party organisations in new economic organisations, new social organisations, new employment groups, and other fields into strong fighting fortresses. In January 2018, at the Second Plenary Session of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection [15]15 The Two Upholds (两个维护) are the requirement to uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and to uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership., General Secretary Xi Jinping summarised the important experience of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [16]16 The “Four Fulls” (四个全) refer to the requirements for the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party: full coverage of the responsibility chain, full integration of institutional building, full penetration of supervision and inspection, and full implementation of strict standards across all aspects. under the rubric of “six unities” [17]17 “Two-way entry and cross-appointment” (双向进入、交叉任职) is a mechanism where Party organization leaders hold management positions and vice versa, ensuring Party leadership is embedded in corporate governance., and redeployed the extension of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to the grassroots. In July 2018, at the National Conference on Organisational Work, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly elaborated on the problem of “midway obstruction” [18]18 “Party member突击队” (Party member commando teams) are temporary teams of Party members formed to tackle urgent, difficult, dangerous, or critical tasks. in the implementation of Party leadership down to grassroots Party organisations, and put forward clear requirements for strengthening Party building in new economic organisations, new social organisations, new types of business, and the internet. In October 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee [19]19 “Two New” (两新) refers to new economic organizations and new social organizations, a subset of the “Three New” sectors. proposed “perfecting the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party”, covering the institutional mechanisms for using the Party’s political building to lead and advance all other aspects of Party building, the system for the Party to manage cadres and select the worthy and capable, the system for supervision and discipline enforcement, and the responsibility system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, thereby initially establishing the institutional framework of the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system and providing institutional guarantees for strengthening Party building in the “Three New” spheres. In January 2022, at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly elaborated on the achievements of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party from six aspects: adhering to the political direction, tempering ideological weapons, enriching effective pathways, combating corruption and punishing evil, forging the cadre contingent, and providing institutional guarantees. He emphasised that Party organisations at all levels, including “Three New” Party organisations, had made comprehensive progress and become comprehensively stronger through revolutionary tempering.

二是全面从严治党体系的构建为不断强化“三新”党建提供了新向度。党的十九大报告把“坚持全面从严治党”作为新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义基本方略的重要内容，明确全面从严治党体系贯穿党的政治、思想、组织、作风、纪律、制度建设和反腐败斗争等各方面，要求把全面从严治党落实到基层，不断提升基层党组织的组织能力、增强其政治功能，把新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体等各领域基层党组织建设成为坚强战斗堡垒。2018年1月，习近平总书记在十九届中央纪委二次全会上用“六个相统一”集中概括党的十八大以来全面从严治党的重要经验，对全面从严治党向基层延伸进行再部署。2018年7月，习近平总书记在全国组织工作会议上深刻阐述党的领导落实到基层党组织中的“中梗阻”问题，对加强新经济组织、新社会组织、新兴业态和互联网党建提出明确要求。2019年10月，党的十九届四中全会提出“完善全面从严治党制度”，涉及以党的政治建设统领推进党的各方面建设的体制机制、党管干部选贤任能制度、监督执纪制度、全面从严治党责任制度等，初步搭建起全面从严治党体系的制度框架，为加强“三新”党建提供了制度保障。2022年1月，习近平总书记在十九届中央纪委六次全会上从坚守政治方向、淬炼思想武器、丰富有效途径、反腐惩恶、锻造干部队伍、提供制度保障等六个方面深刻阐述全面从严治党取得的成就，强调包括“三新”党组织在内的各级党组织在革命性锻造中全面进步、全面过硬。

Third, the new deployment for improving the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system has elevated Party building in the “Three New” spheres to a new height. In October 2022, in his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping for the first time proposed “improving the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system”. Specifically at the grassroots level, this required enhancing political and organisational functions and strengthening Party building in new economic organisations, new social organisations, new employment groups, and other fields. In January 2023, at the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly summarised the rich achievements of the Party Central Committee in initially constructing the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, and further elaborated the objectives, tasks, and practical requirements for improving the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system using the concepts of “three more prominences” [20]20 The “Decision” refers to the resolution of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, on further deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization. and “four alls” [21]21 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refer to establishing General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.. In summary, against the backdrop of improving the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system, taking a clear stand in favour of Party building has gradually become a consensus of the entire Party and society, and promoting Party building in the “Three New” spheres has become increasingly forceful, effective, and profound. As the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system becomes more scientific, systematic, and complete, Party building in the “Three New” spheres has been elevated to a new height.

三是健全全面从严治党体系的新部署，将“三新”党建提升到新高度。2022年10月，习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中首次提出“健全全面从严治党体系”，具体到基层，要求增强政治功能和组织功能，加强新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体等各领域党的建设。2023年1月，习近平总书记在二十届中央纪委二次全会上深刻总结党的十八大以来党中央初步构建全面从严治党体系的丰富成果，用“三个更加突出”“四个全”进一步阐述健全全面从严治党体系的目标任务与实践要求。总之，在健全全面从严治党体系的背景下，旗帜鲜明抓党建逐渐成为全党全社会的共识，推进“三新”党建越来越有力、越来越有效、越来越有深度。随着全面从严治党体系越来越科学、越来越系统、越来越完备，“三新”党建提升到了一个新高度。

(II) Strengthening Party building in the “Three New” spheres is an inherent requirement for improving the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system

（二）加强“三新”党建是健全全面从严治党体系的内在要求

In January 2023, in his speech at the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, General Secretary Xi Jinping made a new deployment for improving the comprehensive and strict

2023年1月，习近平总书记在二十届中央纪委二次全会的讲话中对健全全面从严治党体系作出新部署，明确提出“四个全”的实践要求，即：内容上全涵盖、对象上全覆盖、责任上全链条、制度上全贯通。健全全面从严治党体系，必然要求加强“三新”党建。

First, strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is an inherent requirement for perfecting the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in terms of “full coverage in content.” “Full coverage in content” means that comprehensive and strict governance of the Party runs through the Party’s political, ideological, organizational, conduct, disciplinary, and institutional building, as well as the fight against corruption, revealing the question of what the task layout of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is. Political building is fundamental, determining the direction and effectiveness of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party; ideological building is the foundation, consolidating the ideological foundation of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party; organizational building is key, providing organizational guarantees for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party; conduct building is the entry point, driving comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to break new ground; disciplinary building is the guarantee, providing fundamental solutions for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party; institutional building is the safeguard, ensuring that comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is always on the march; the fight against corruption is a basic requirement, creating a clean and upright environment for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. At the grassroots level, to implement “full coverage in content” of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in practice, it is inevitably necessary for Party organizations in the “Three New” sectors to implement comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in political, ideological, organizational, conduct, disciplinary, and institutional building, as well as the fight against corruption. Therefore, perfecting the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and achieving “full coverage in content” inevitably requires strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors.

其一，加强“三新”党建是健全全面从严治党体系“内容上全涵盖”的内在要求。“内容上全涵盖”是指全面从严治党贯穿党的政治、思想、组织、作风、纪律、制度建设和反腐败斗争等方面，揭示了全面从严治党任务布局是什么的问题。政治建设是根本，决定全面从严治党的方向和效果；思想建设是基础，夯实全面从严治党的思想根基；组织建设是关键，为全面从严治党提供组织保证；作风建设是切入点，推动全面从严治党开局破题；纪律建设是保证，为全面从严治党提供治本之策；制度建设是保障，确保全面从严治党永远在路上；反腐败斗争是基本要求，为全面从严治党营造风清气正的环境。在基层领域，要将全面从严治党“内容上全涵盖”落实到实践中，必然要求“三新”党组织把全面从严治党贯彻到政治、思想、组织、作风、纪律、制度建设和反腐败斗争中。因此，健全全面从严治党体系，实现“内容上全涵盖”，必然要求加强“三新”党建。

Second, strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is an inherent requirement for perfecting the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in terms of “full coverage in objects.” “Full coverage in objects” means that comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is directed at all Party organizations at all levels and all Party members, revealing the question of who is governed and managed by comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. From the organizational level, whether it is the Party’s central, local, and grassroots organizations, or the Party’s discipline inspection organs, Party work organs, and leading Party groups, all must be included in the scope of objects of Party governance and management. From the individual level, whether it is Party cadres or ordinary Party members, whether it is Party members in organs, schools, hospitals, and other fields, or Party members in rural areas, street communities, enterprises, social organizations, and other fields, all are objects of Party governance and management. There are a considerable number of Party organizations and Party members in the “Three New” sectors and groups. As of the end of 2023, there were 1.60 million grassroots Party organizations in enterprises nationwide and 183,000 grassroots Party organizations in social organizations, accounting for 34.45% of the total number of Party organizations. At the grassroots level, to implement “full coverage in objects” of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in practice, it is inevitably necessary to include Party organizations and Party members in the “Three New” sectors within the scope of objects of Party governance and management. Therefore, perfecting the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and achieving “full coverage in objects” inevitably requires strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors.

其二，加强“三新”党建是健全全面从严治党体系“对象上全覆盖”的内在要求。“对象上全覆盖”是指全面从严治党面向党的各级组织和全体党员，揭示了全面从严治党管谁的问题。从组织层面看，不论是党的中央、地方和基层组织，还是党的纪律检查机关、党的工作机关、党组，都必须纳入管党治党的对象范围中。从个体层面看，不论是党员干部，还是普通党员，不论是机关、学校、医院等领域的党员，还是农村、街道社区、企业、社会组织等领域的党员，都属于管党治党的对象。“三新”组织和群体中有相当数量的党组织和党员，截至2023年底，全国共有企业基层党组织160.0万个、社会组织基层党组织18.3万个，占党组织总数的34.45%。在基层领域，要将全面从严治党“对象上全覆盖”落实到实践中，必然要求把“三新”党组织和党员纳入管党治党的对象范围中。因此，健全全面从严治党体系，实现“对象上全覆盖”，必然要求加强“三新”党建。

Third, strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is an inherent requirement for perfecting the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in terms of “full chain of responsibility.” “Full chain of responsibility” means that responsibilities for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party are shared and interlinked, revealing the question of who leads and advances comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. From the perspective of organizational responsibility, from the central level to the local level and then to the grassroots level, all bear the main responsibility for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, and Party discipline inspection commissions at all levels bear supervisory responsibility; from the perspective of individual responsibility, the secretary of the Party committee (leading Party group) is the first person responsible for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in their region or unit, other members of the Party committee (leading Party group) leadership team bear important leadership responsibility for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party within the scope of their duties according to work division, and other Party members and cadres fulfill their due responsibilities. At the grassroots level, to implement the “full chain of responsibility” of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in practice, it is inevitably necessary for Party organizations, Party members, and cadres in the “Three New” sectors to bear corresponding responsibilities. Therefore, perfecting the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and achieving a “full chain of responsibility” inevitably requires strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors.

其三，加强“三新”党建是健全全面从严治党体系“责任上全链条”的内在要求。“责任上全链条”是指全面从严治党责任共担且环环相扣，揭示了谁来领导和推进全面从严治党的问题。从组织责任看，从中央到地方再到基层，都肩负全面从严治党主体责任，各级纪委肩负监督责任；从个体责任看，党委（党组）书记是本地区本单位全面从严治党第一责任人，党委（党组）领导班子其他成员根据工作分工对职责范围内的全面从严治党负重要领导责任，其他党员和干部履行应尽责任。在基层领域，要将全面从严治党“责任上全链条”落实到实践中，必然要求“三新”党组织和党员、干部承担相应的责任。因此，健全全面从严治党体系，实现“责任上全链条”，必然要求加强“三新”党建。

Fourth, strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is an inherent requirement for achieving “full institutional integration” in the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. “Full institutional integration” means embedding institutional building throughout the entire process, all aspects, and all levels of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, which reveals what provides fundamental, overall, stable, and long-term guarantees for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee has formulated, revised, and eliminated a number of intra-Party regulations and institutions, gradually establishing a system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party with a basic framework of “1+5.” [14]14 The “1+5” framework refers to the Party Constitution as the foundational document (“1”) and five categories of intra-Party regulations: those on the Two Upholds, Party leadership, Party organization, Party self-building, and Party supervision and guarantees. “1” refers to the Party Constitution as the fundamental law of the Party, and “5” refers to the five major sections: the system of the Two Upholds, [15]15 The Two Upholds (两个维护) are the requirement to uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and to uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership. the system of Party leadership regulations, the system of Party organizational regulations, the system of regulations on the Party’s own building, and the system of Party supervision and guarantee regulations. At the grassroots level, to implement “full institutional integration” in comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in practice, it is inevitably necessary to establish and improve the Party-building system for the “Three New” sectors, clarifying the guiding ideology and target principles of Party organization work in the “Three New” sectors, the setup and responsibilities of Party organizations, the content and methods of Party-building activities, the role of Party organizations, and the building of the team of Party affairs workers, so as to provide systematic and targeted guidance for strengthening Party-building work in the “Three New” sectors. Therefore, improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and achieving “full institutional integration” inevitably requires strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors.

其四，加强“三新”党建是健全全面从严治党体系“制度上全贯通”的内在要求。“制度上全贯通”是指把制度建设贯穿全面从严治党全过程、各方面、各层级，这揭示了用什么来为全面从严治党提供根本性、全局性、稳定性、长期性保障的问题。党的十八大以来，党中央制定、修订、清除一批党内法规制度，逐渐搭建起以“1+5”为基本框架的全面从严治党制度体系，“1”是指以党章为党的根本大法，“5”是指“两个维护”制度、党的领导法规制度、党的组织法规制度、党的自身建设法规制度、党的监督保障法规制度五大板块。在基层领域，要将全面从严治党“制度上全贯通”落实到实践中，必然要求建立健全“三新”党建制度，明确“三新”党组织工作的指导思想与目标原则、党组织的设置与职责、党建活动的内容方式、党组织作用发挥、党务工作人员队伍建设等内容，为加强“三新”党建工作提供系统的针对性的指导。因此，健全全面从严治党体系，实现“制度上全贯通”，必然要求加强“三新”党建。

From the perspective of the field in which the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is advanced in the New Era, since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, comprehensive and strict governance of the Party has opened up a new situation, provided a new dimension, and elevated Party building in the “Three New” sectors to a new height. From the perspective of the practical requirements for improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is an inherent requirement of the “Four Fulls” [16]16 The “Four Fulls” (四个全) refer to the requirements for the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party: full coverage of the responsibility chain, full integration of institutional building, full penetration of supervision and inspection, and full implementation of strict standards across all aspects. in improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. Therefore, strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is an essential part of improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era.

从新时代推进全面从严治党体系的场域看，党的十八大以来，全面从严治党为加强“三新”党建开辟了新局面、提供了新向度、提升到新高度；从健全全面从严治党体系的实践要求看，加强“三新”党建是健全全面从严治党体系“四个全”的内在要求。因此，加强“三新”党建是新时代健全全面从严治党体系的题中之义。

V. Optimization Paths for Strengthening Party Building in the “Three New” Sectors in the New Era

五、新时代加强“三新”党建的优化路径

On the new journey to strengthen and deepen Party building in the “Three New” sectors, we must always adhere to the Party’s strong leadership over “Three New” organizations and groups, promote the deep integration of Party building in the “Three New” sectors with business development, and advance the self-building of Party organizations in the “Three New” sectors with the spirit of reform and strict standards.

在加强和深化“三新”党建的新征程上，必须始终坚持党对“三新”组织和群体的坚强领导，推动“三新”党建与业务发展深度融合，以改革精神和严的标准推进“三新”党组织自身建设。

(I) Adhere to the Party’s Strong Leadership over “Three New” Organizations and Groups

（一）坚持党对“三新”组织和群体的坚强领导

Adhering to and strengthening the Party’s leadership over “Three New” organizations and groups is a concrete manifestation of “upholding the Party’s leadership over everything” in the “Three New” fields. On the one hand, it is necessary to rationalize the management mechanism and overall coordination mechanism for Party building in the “Three New” sectors, and build a Party-building work system that links different sectors and levels and ensures joint management and shared responsibility. Vertically, promote the formation of a Party-building work pattern where local Party committees assume overall responsibility, social work departments take the lead in coordination, industry departments bear their respective responsibilities, and sub-district and community organizations provide bottom-line management, ensuring that “it can be coordinated.” Horizontally, clarify industry regulatory responsibilities: new economic organizations are led by market supervision and management departments, new social organizations by civil affairs departments, the courier group by postal departments, ride-hailing and truck driver groups by transportation departments, food delivery workers by market supervision and management departments, property workers by housing and construction departments, and e-commerce workers by cyberspace affairs departments. Departments with regulatory responsibilities, such as urban management, traffic police, ecological environment, finance, development and reform, taxation, and economy and information technology, coordinate with the lead departments to ensure coordination and cooperative management, ensuring that “it can be managed.” On the other hand, promote the inclusion of Party building in the “Three New” sectors into charters and the entry of Party cadres into senior management, embedding Party leadership into the governance system of the “Three New” sectors. Through propaganda, guidance, and statutory procedures, write the requirements for Party leadership and Party-building work, such as the responsibilities and authority of Party organizations, institutional setup, operational mechanisms, and basic guarantees, into the charters of “Three New” organizations and groups, laying the legal and institutional foundation for strengthening Party leadership and leveraging the guiding role of Party building. Promote “two-way entry and cross-appointment” [17]17 “Two-way entry and cross-appointment” (双向进入、交叉任职) is a mechanism where Party organization leaders hold management positions and vice versa, ensuring Party leadership is embedded in corporate governance. between Party member investors and management of eligible “Three New” organizations and groups and the leadership of Party organizations, implement the Party committee’s prior research and consultation on major matters involving safety, stability, and public interests, and fully leverage the political guiding role of Party organizations.

坚持和加强党对“三新”组织和群体的领导，是“坚持党领导一切”在“三新”领域的具体表现。一方面，要理顺“三新”党建工作管理机制和统筹协调机制，构建条块联动、齐抓共管的党建工作体系。在纵向上，推动形成地方党委负总责、社会工作部门牵头抓总、行业部门各负其责、街道社区兜底管理的党建工作格局，确保“统得起”。在横向上，明确行业监管责任，新经济组织由市场监督管理部门牵头负责，新社会组织由民政部门牵头负责，快递员群体由邮政部门牵头负责，网约车、货车司机群体由交通运输部门牵头负责，外卖配送员由市场监督管理部门牵头负责，物业工作者由住建部门牵头负责，电商工作者由网信部门牵头负责，城管、交警、生态环境、财政、发改、税务、经信等有监管职责的部门协同各牵头部门做好协调和配合管理工作，确保“管得住”。另一方面，推进“三新”党的建设入章程、党的骨干进高管，把党的领导嵌入“三新”治理体系。通过宣传引导、法定程序，将党的领导以及党组织的职责权限、机构设置、运行机制、基础保障等党建工作要求写入“三新”组织和群体章程中，为加强党的领导和发挥党建引领作用奠定法理和制度基础。推动符合条件的“三新”组织和群体的党员出资人、管理层与党组织领导班子“双向进入、交叉任职”，推行党委对涉及安全稳定、公众利益等重大事项前置研究会商，充分发挥党组织的政治引领作用。

(II) Promote the Deep Integration of Party Building in the “Three New” Sectors with Business Development

（二）推动“三新”党建与业务发展深度融合

The key to strengthening Party building in the “Three New” sectors is to identify the integration points between Party-building work and business development, using Party-building work to guide business development and using business development to promote Party-building work. First, align efforts around common goals. When formulating long-term development plans and various special plans, insist on simultaneously planning and jointly deploying Party-building work and business work, promoting the alignment of Party-building work goals with business development goals, and forming a pattern of mutual promotion and progress. On the one hand, guide business development goals to align with the Party’s line, principles, and policies, ensuring they develop in the correct direction; on the other hand, closely formulate Party-building work plans around business development needs, using Party-building work to serve business work, ensuring that the various activities of “Three New” Party organizations are organically combined with business work. Second, focus on key points for synchronized resonance. In important departments, key links, and critical moments related to business development, actively carry out activities such as “Party building + talent cultivation,” “Party building + technological breakthroughs,” “Party building + safety production,” and “Party building + market development,” establish “Party member demonstration posts,” “Party member突击队,” [18]18 “Party member突击队” (Party member commando teams) are temporary teams of Party members formed to tackle urgent, difficult, dangerous, or critical tasks. and “Party member responsibility zones,” and transform the Party’s organizational advantages into competitive advantages for business development. Third, rely on employees to jointly promote development. Party organizations rely on Party-building positions such as Party-mass service centers, business district and building Party-building workstations, and red service stations to play an active role in safeguarding legitimate rights and interests, reflecting interest demands, and resolving labor-capital conflicts, focusing on solving the practical problems that employees of “Two New” [19]19 “Two New” (两新) refers to new economic organizations and new social organizations, a subset of the “Three New” sectors. organizations and new employment groups commonly care about and find urgent, difficult, and worrisome. They play a service role, convey organizational care, enhance the sense of gain, happiness, and security of employees of “Two New” organizations and new employment groups, continuously stimulate enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity in business work, and promote the sustained, healthy, and stable development of business work.

加强“三新”党的建设，关键是找准党建工作与业务发展的融合点，以党建工作引领业务发展，以业务发展促进党建工作。其一，围绕目标同向发力。在制定长期发展规划与各种专项规划时，坚持党建工作与业务工作同步谋划、一起部署，推动党建工作目标与业务发展目标相统一，形成互促共进的格局。一方面，引导业务发展目标与党的路线方针政策对标，使其朝着正确方向发展；另一方面，紧紧围绕业务发展需求制订党建工作计划，以党建工作服务业务工作，确保“三新”党组织各项活动与业务工作有机结合。其二，聚焦重点，同频共振。在关乎业务发展的重要部门、重点环节、重大时刻，积极开展“党建+人才培养”“党建+科技攻关”“党建+安全生产”“党建+市场开发”等活动，建立“党员示范岗”“党员突击队”“党员责任区”，把党的组织优势转化为业务发展的竞争优势。其三，依靠职工共促发展。党组织依托党群服务中心、商圈楼宇党建工作站、红色驿站等党建阵地，在维护合法权益、反映利益诉求、化解劳资矛盾等方面发挥积极作用，着力解决“两新”组织员工和新就业群体普遍关心、急难愁盼的实际问题，发挥服务作用、传递组织关怀，增强“两新”组织员工和新就业群体的获得感、幸福感、安全感，不断激发业务工作的积极性、主动性、创造性，推动业务工作持续健康稳定发展。

(III) Advance the Self-Building of Party Organizations in the “Three New” Sectors with the Spirit of Reform and Strict Standards

（三）以改革精神和严的标准推进“三新”党组织自身建设

The “Decision” [20]20 The “Decision” refers to the resolution of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, held in July 2024, on further deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization. proposes to “adhere to managing the Party and governing it with the spirit of reform and strict standards,” pointing the way forward for strengthening the self-building of Party organizations in the “Three New” sectors. First, take political building as the guide. Strengthen the political attributes and political functions of “Three New” Party organizations, carry out serious and earnest inner-Party political life, develop a healthy and positive inner-Party political culture, and guide “Three New” Party members to resolutely uphold the Two Establishments [21]21 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refer to establishing General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. and always achieve the Two Upholds. [15]15 The Two Upholds (两个维护) are the requirement to uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and to uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership. Second, take ideological building as the foundation. Adhere to strict ideological education, arm “Three New” Party members with the Party’s innovative theories in the New Era, continuously improve the Marxist ideological awareness and theoretical level of “Three New” Party members, and guide “Three New” Party members to strengthen their ideals and convictions and replenish their spiritual “calcium.” [22]22 “Spiritual ‘calcium’” (精神之“钙”) is a metaphor used by Xi Jinping, comparing ideals and convictions to calcium, which is essential for strong bones; a lack of ideals leads to spiritual weakness. Third, take organizational building as the focus. Precisely advance the “Two Coverages,” [23]23 The “Two Coverages” (两个覆盖) refer to achieving organizational coverage (establishing Party organizations where conditions permit) and work coverage (extending Party work to all relevant units) in the “Three New” sectors. building a tight organizational system that extends horizontally to the edges and vertically to the bottom; strictly standardize the management of Party organization relationships, Party fees, archives, and Party member development in the “Three New” sectors; guide “Three New” Party members and cadres to maintain reform vigor, enhance reform resilience, and improve reform capabilities. Fourth, rectify work style with strict discipline. Strictly enforce Party discipline and rules, and promote “Three New” Party members to strictly implement the Party’s political, organizational, integrity, mass, work, and life disciplines. Strictly advance work style building, persistently deepen the rectification of the “Four Forms of Decadence” [24]24 The “Four Forms of Decadence” (四风) are formalism, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance, which have been the targets of a sustained rectification campaign since 2013. with a strict tone, and focus on cultivating the ideological style, work style, and life style of “Three New” Party members. Fifth, take institutional building as the guarantee. Advance the reform of the Party-building system for the “Three New” sectors, formulate regulations on Party-building work in the “Three New” sectors, and strictly standardize the organizational setup, main responsibilities, construction of the “two teams,” [25]25 The “two teams” (两支队伍) refer to the team of Party organization secretaries and the team of Party affairs workers in the “Three New” sectors. and construction of the Party member team in “Three New” Party organizations. Sixth, deeply advance the fight against corruption. Seriously investigate and deal with various violations of rules, discipline, and law within “Three New” Party organizations, and continuously enhance the ability of “Three New” Party members to self-purify, self-improve, self-reform, and self-enhance.

《决定》提出要“坚持用改革精神和严的标准管党治党”，为加强“三新”党组织自身建设指明了前进方向。一是以党的政治建设为统领。要强化“三新”党组织政治属性和政治功能，开展严肃认真的党内政治生活，发展积极健康的党内政治文化，引导“三新”党员坚决捍卫“两个确立”、始终做到“两个维护”。二是以思想建设为基础。坚持思想教育从严，用新时代党的创新理论武装“三新”党员，不断提高“三新”党员的马克思主义思想觉悟与理论水平，引导“三新”党员坚定理想信念、补足精神之“钙”。三是以组织建设为重点。精准推进“两个覆盖”，构建横向到边、纵向到底的严密组织体系；严格规范“三新”党组织关系、党费、档案、党员发展；引导“三新”党员、干部保持改革锐气，增强改革韧性，提高改革本领。四是以严明的纪律整饬作风。严明党的纪律和规矩，推动“三新”党员严格执行党的政治、组织、廉洁、群众、工作和生活纪律。从严推进作风建设，以严的基调持续深化纠治“四风”，着力培育“三新”党员的思想作风、工作作风与生活作风。五是以制度建设为保障。推进“三新”党的建设制度改革，制定“三新”党的建设工作条例，从严规范“三新”党组织的组织设置、主要职责、“两支队伍”建设、党员队伍建设等内容。六是深入推进反腐败斗争。严肃查处“三新”党组织内各种违规、违纪、违法行为，不断增强“三新”党员自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力。

VI. Conclusion

六、结语

The classical Marxist writers and successive leaders of the Communist Party of China, grounded in the people-centered nature of the Marxist political party, adhere to the Marxist principle of Party-mass relations, taking “wherever there are masses, there the Party shall be” as a principle to be followed in building a Marxist political party, thereby solidifying the theoretical foundation for strengthening “Three New” Party building. [26]26 “Three New” (三新) refers to new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups. “One New” and “Two New” refer to earlier stages of this Party-building focus, initially targeting new economic organizations alone, then adding new social organizations. In the historical process of advancing the great project of Party building, the evolution from “One New” Party building to “Two New” Party building and then to “Three New” Party building demonstrates the historical consciousness of the CPC in attaching great importance to strengthening Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups. [27]27 “New economic organizations” typically include private enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises; “new social organizations” include NGOs, associations, and foundations; “new employment groups” refers to workers in emerging sectors such as platform-based delivery, ride-hailing, and e-commerce, who often lack traditional employer-employee relationships. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era provides new historical opportunities for strengthening “Three New” Party building; strengthening “Three New” Party building is an inherent requirement for perfecting the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. The above content centrally embodies the theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic of strengthening “Three New” Party building in the New Era, revealing the theoretical thoroughness, historical inevitability, and practical rationality of the generation of the “Three New” Party building discourse. On the new journey of strengthening “Three New” Party building, it is necessary to take the Party’s strong leadership over “Three New” organizations and groups as the foundation, to take promoting the deep integration of “Three New” Party building with business development as the basis, and to take advancing the self-building of “Three New” Party organizations with the spirit of reform and strict standards as the focal point.

马克思主义经典作家以及中国共产党历届领导人立足马克思主义政党的人民性，坚持马克思主义关于党群关系的原理，把“哪里有群众哪里就有党”作为马克思主义政党建设的原则遵循，为加强“三新”党建夯实了理论基础。在推进党的建设伟大工程的历史进程中，从“一新”党建到“两新”党建再到“三新”党建的演变过程，展现了中国共产党高度重视在新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体中加强党的建设的历史自觉。新时代全面从严治党为加强“三新”党建提供了新的历史机遇，加强“三新”党建是健全全面从严治党体系的内在要求。上述内容集中体现了新时代加强“三新”党建的理论逻辑、历史逻辑与现实逻辑，彰显了“三新”党建话语生成的理论彻底性、历史必然性与现实合理性。在加强“三新”党建的新征程上，必须坚持以党对“三新”组织和群体的坚强领导为根本，以推动“三新”党建与业务发展深度融合为基础，以改革精神和严的标准推进“三新”党组织自身建设为着力点。

(Author bios: Liu Zhenxin, doctoral candidate at the Department of Party Building, Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance), main research directions: principles of Party building, grassroots Party building; Wang Jinzhu, PhD in Economics, professor, doctoral supervisor, and director of the Teaching and Research Office for Principles of Party Building at the Department of Party Building, Party School of the CPC Central Committee (National Academy of Governance), executive director of the China Individual Laborers Association, main research directions: principles of Party building, grassroots Party building)

（作者简介：刘振鑫，中共中央党校（国家行政学院）党的建设教研部博士研究生，主要研究方向为党建原理、基层党的建设；王金柱，经济学博士，中共中央党校（国家行政学院）党的建设教研部党建原理教研室主任、教授、博士生导师，中国个体劳动者协会常务理事，主要研究方向为党建原理、基层党的建设）

Online editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆