Leading Social Revolution through the Party’s Self-Revolution: Endogenous Logic, Spiritual Power, and Practical Orientation

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC proposed maintaining a high degree of consciousness in leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution, so as to provide a fundamental guarantee for further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization. Being brave in self-revolution is a distinctive hallmark that distinguishes the Communist Party of China from other political parties; the spirit of self-revolution is the spiritual support for the Party to maintain its vigor and vitality; persisting in leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution is a valuable historical experience of the Communist Party of China in leading the people to continuously win victories in the great cause and to continuously promote profound changes in Chinese society. It not only demonstrates the distinctive institutional advantage of upholding the Party’s leadership, but also reveals the unique dynamic logic of driving China’s social modernization process and advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through the Party’s self-revolution. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has proposed “self-revolution” as the second answer to escaping the historical cycle of rise and fall [1]1 The “historical cycle of rise and fall” refers to the cyclical pattern of dynastic rise and fall in Chinese history, where a ruling group initially thrives but eventually declines and is overthrown. Mao Zedong first raised the question of how to escape this cycle during a 1945 conversation with democratic personage Huang Yanpei., continuously promoted theoretical innovation on the Party’s self-revolution, deeply advanced the institutionalization, standardization, and systematization of the Party’s self-revolution, highly summarized the practical experience of “persisting in leading the great social revolution through the great self-revolution,” and formed a high degree of consciousness in leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution in the New Era. On the new journey, continuously deepening the understanding of the laws of the Party’s self-revolution, promoting the Party’s self-revolution to become more concrete and in-depth at a higher level, and maintaining a high degree of consciousness in leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution are major propositions for ensuring that the Party is built into a strong leading core for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era.

党的二十届三中全会提出保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉，为进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化提供根本保证。勇于自我革命是中国共产党区别于其他政党的显著标志，自我革命精神是党永葆生机活力的精神支撑，坚持以党的自我革命引领社会革命是中国共产党领导人民不断夺取伟大事业胜利、不断推动中国社会发生深刻变革的宝贵历史经验，既彰显了坚持党的领导的鲜明制度优势，也昭示出以党的自我革命驱动中国社会现代化进程、推进中华民族伟大复兴的独特动力逻辑。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央提出“自我革命”这一跳出历史周期率的第二个答案，不断推进关于党的自我革命的理论创新，深入推进党的自我革命制度化、规范化、体系化，高度概括了“坚持以伟大自我革命引领伟大社会革命”的实践经验，形成了新时代以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉。新征程上，不断深化对党的自我革命的规律性认识，更高水平地持续推进党的自我革命走向具体深入，保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉，是确保把党建设成新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义坚强领导核心的重大命题。

I. Endogenous Logic: Strengthening the Theoretical Consciousness of Leading Social Revolution through the Party’s Self-Revolution

一、内生逻辑：坚定以党的自我革命引领社会革命的理论自觉

Historical materialism is the theoretical weapon for Communists to lead social revolution and promote the development of social history. The high degree of consciousness of a Marxist political party fundamentally lies in mastering “the conditions, course, and general results of the proletarian movement” [2]2 A paraphrase of the opening of Chapter 2 of the *Communist Manifesto*: “The theoretical conclusions of the Communists are in no way based on ideas or principles that have been invented, or discovered, by this or that would-be universal reformer. They merely express, in general terms, actual relations springing from an existing class struggle, from a historical movement going on under our very eyes. The abolition of existing property relations is not at all a distinctive feature of Communism. … The Communists, therefore, are on the one hand, practically, the most advanced and resolute section of the working-class parties of every country, that section which pushes forward all others; on the other hand, theoretically, they have over the great mass of the proletariat the advantage of clearly understanding the line of march, the conditions, and the ultimate general results of the proletarian movement.”, that is, the scientific understanding of the subjective value, target direction, and historical laws of human social development provided by historical materialism. The endogenous logic of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution originates from the theoretical consciousness formed by Communists on the basis of a profound grasp of historical materialism—respecting the historical subject, conforming to the historical trend, and promoting historical development. This fundamentally defines the value logic, historical logic, and practical logic that must be followed in leading social revolution, provides the value stance of putting the people first, the target direction of people’s free and comprehensive development, and the scientific method of exploring practice, and offers theoretical guidance and practical direction for leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution in the New Era.

历史唯物主义是共产党人引领社会革命、推动社会历史发展的理论武器。马克思主义政党的高度自觉，根本在于掌握了“无产阶级运动的条件、进程和一般结果”，即历史唯物主义对人类社会发展的主体价值、目标方向和历史规律的科学认识。以党的自我革命引领社会革命的内生逻辑根源于共产党人在深刻把握历史唯物主义基础上形成的尊重历史主体、顺应历史大势、推动历史发展的理论自觉，从根本上规定了引领社会革命必须遵循的价值逻辑、历史逻辑和实践逻辑，提供了人民至上的价值立场、人自由而全面发展的目标方向，以及探索实践的科学方法，为新时代以党的自我革命引领社会革命提供了理论遵循和实践指南。

(I) Value Logic: Defining the Homogeneity of Subjective Value

（一）价值逻辑：规定主体价值的同质性

Based on a profound grasp and conscious adherence to the historical materialist judgment of the people as the subject of the essential laws of social history, Marxist political parties establish the fundamental political stance of putting the people first. This defines the fundamental nature of the social revolution led by Marxist political parties as belonging to the masses and seeking benefits for the masses, ensuring that the value orientation of leading social revolution always remains homogeneous with the subjective value of social historical development, thereby shaping the lofty value pursuit of the Communist Party of China in leading social revolution.

立足于深刻把握和自觉遵循历史唯物主义对社会历史本质规律的人民主体性判断，马克思主义政党确立起人民至上的根本政治立场，规定了马克思主义政党领导的社会革命具有属于人民群众、为人民群众谋利益的根本性质，使其引领社会革命的价值遵循始终与社会历史发展的主体价值保持同质性，塑造起中国共产党引领社会革命的崇高价值追求。

Historical materialism completely overturned all “head-over-heels” old philosophies and confirmed that “the first premise of all human history is, of course, the existence of living human individuals” [3]3 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The German Ideology* (1845–1846).. The prerequisite foundation for the existence of all human social history is “man”—not abstract man, but real, sensuous, living man, the masses who create real history and live in reality. The entire history of human society is nothing but “the real history of man as a presupposed subject” [4]4 A reference to Marx’s concept in the *Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844* and *The German Ideology*, where man as a sensuous, active subject is the premise of history.. The masses are the subject of history; the entire history of human society is a process in which the masses, as the subject’s purpose and the subject’s power, continuously create social conditions for human self-realization and people’s free and comprehensive development. Historical materialism holds that the value definition of the development of human social history has the characteristic of the people as the subject; it is a historical science that belongs to the masses, stands on the side of the masses, and safeguards the interests of the masses, providing theoretical guidance for Communists to lead the masses, guide social revolution, and promote the development of social history.

历史唯物主义彻底颠覆了一切“头脚倒置”的旧哲学，确认了“全部人类历史的第一个前提无疑是有生命的个人的存在”。全部人类社会历史存在的前提基础是“人”，不是抽象的人，而是现实的、感性的、活生生的人，是创造着现实历史、生活于现实中的人民群众。整个人类社会历史不过是“一个当作前提的主体的人的现实历史”。人民群众是历史的主体，整个人类社会历史是人民群众作为主体目的和主体力量，不断为人的自我实现、人自由而全面的发展创造社会条件的过程。历史唯物主义认为，人类社会历史发展的价值规定具有人民主体性特征，它是属于人民群众、站在人民立场、维护人民利益的历史科学，为共产党人领导人民群众、引领社会革命、推进社会历史发展提供了理论指南。

The Communist Party of China, which takes historical materialism as its theoretical foundation, has always firmly upheld the principle of the people as the subject in promoting the development of social history, establishing the people’s stance and the mass line for the Party to lead social revolution. In the *Communist Manifesto*, Marx and Engels clearly expressed that Communists “have no interests separate and apart from those of the proletariat as a whole” [5]5 *Communist Manifesto*, Chapter 2., and that the movement led by Communists is “the independent movement of the immense majority, in the interests of the immense majority” [6]6 *Communist Manifesto*, Chapter 1.. The Communist Party of China is a political party without any private interests; the social revolution it leads is a social movement belonging to the vast majority and seeking benefits for the vast majority. Persisting in leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution stipulates that the fundamental nature of the social revolution led by the Party remains highly consistent with the subjective interests of the masses, the fundamental direction remains highly consistent with the subjective pursuits of the masses, and the fundamental force remains highly consistent with the subjective power of the masses, thereby establishing the subjective value orientation of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution—for the people, relying on the people, and benefiting the people.

以历史唯物主义作为理论根基的中国共产党，始终坚定推动社会历史发展的人民主体性原则，确立起党引领社会革命的人民立场和群众路线。在《共产党宣言》中，马克思恩格斯鲜明表达了共产党人“没有任何同整个无产阶级的利益不同的利益”，共产党人领导的运动是“为绝大多数人谋利益的独立的运动”。中国共产党是没有任何私利的政党，党引领的社会革命是属于绝大多数人的、为绝大多数人谋利益的社会运动。坚持以党的自我革命引领社会革命，规定了党引领社会革命的根本性质始终与人民群众的主体利益保持高度一致，根本方向始终与人民群众的主体追求保持高度一致，根本力量始终与人民群众的主体力量保持高度一致，确立起以党的自我革命引领社会革命为了人民、依靠人民、造福人民的主体价值遵循。

(II) Historical Logic: Shaping the Co-directionality of Target Direction

（二）历史逻辑：塑造目标方向的同向性

Based on the scientific judgment of the overall trend of social historical development in historical materialism, the Communist Party of China has clarified that leading social revolution must always firmly adhere to the target direction of laying a social foundation for people’s free and comprehensive development. Always using the Party’s self-revolution to strengthen Marxist ideals and beliefs ensures that the ultimate goal of leading social revolution remains co-directional with the target direction of social historical development, thereby shaping the lofty political ideal of the Communist Party of China in leading social revolution.

落脚于历史唯物主义对社会历史发展总体趋势的科学判断，中国共产党明确了引领社会革命必须始终坚定为人的自由而全面发展奠定社会基础的目标方向。始终以党的自我革命坚定马克思主义理想信念，确保引领社会革命的最终目标与社会历史发展的目标指向保持同向性，塑造起中国共产党引领社会革命的崇高政治理想。

Historical materialism holds that human society is always developing toward an ideal society where production aims at the enrichment of all and where all people jointly enjoy the benefits created by everyone. Marx and Engels profoundly revealed that all old societies were social forms that safeguarded the minority and the interests of the ruling class, while the broad masses were reduced to objective tools exploited by the relations of production of private ownership and imprisoned by the ruling power of the ruling class. Starting from this, when organizing the proletarian political party, Marx and Engels clearly pointed out that the Party’s “most immediate” revolutionary task was to abolish the exploitation and rule of the bourgeoisie, eliminate the relations of production of private ownership, and “rid society at one stroke of all exploitation, oppression, class distinctions, and class struggles” [7]7 Friedrich Engels, “Principles of Communism” (1847), Question 18.. On this basis, state power was to be built, and social revolution was to be continuously advanced until the establishment of the association of free individuals. In the ideal society of the association of free individuals, it is no longer abstract, material, or capital as alien forces that rule over people; the “various relations created by each person return to the person himself” [8]8 A paraphrase of Marx’s formulation in the *Grundrisse* (1857–1858) on the development of the individual under communism.; the free development of each is regarded as the precondition for the free development of all; ultimately, an ideal society is built that belongs to everyone and enables each person “to develop all their abilities in an all-round way” [9]9 Friedrich Engels, “Principles of Communism,” Question 18..

历史唯物主义认为，人类社会始终朝着一个生产将以所有人富裕为目的、所有人共同享受大家创造出来的福利的理想社会发展。马克思恩格斯深刻揭示了一切旧社会都是维护少数人、维护统治阶级利益的社会形态，而广大人民群众则沦为被私有制的生产关系所剥削、被统治阶级的统治力量所禁锢的客体工具。由此出发，马克思、恩格斯在组织无产阶级政党时，明确指出党的“最切近”的革命任务是消灭资产阶级剥削统治，消除私有制的生产关系，“使整个社会一劳永逸地摆脱一切剥削、压迫以及阶级差别和阶级斗争”。在此基础上建设国家政权，持续推进社会革命，直到建立自由人的联合体。在自由人联合体的理想社会中，不再是抽象的、物的、资本的异己力量统治人，每个人创造的“各种关系回归于人自身”，每个人的自由发展被视为一切人自由发展的前提，最终建设起一个属于每个人、使自己“能够全面发挥他们的得到全面发展的才能”的理想社会。

Constructing a “union of free individuals” in which people develop freely and comprehensively is the ultimate goal of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership of social revolution and its advancement of social-historical development. The Party has taken up the task of social revolution to propel the “two inevitables” [10]10 The “two inevitables” (两个必然) refer to the Marxist thesis that the victory of the proletariat over the bourgeoisie and the victory of socialism over capitalism are historically inevitable. from what “ought to be” toward what “actually is.” To push human society from “class rule” toward a “union of free individuals,” and to transform the masses from objects of domination and exploitation into subjects who share in the fruits of development and develop freely and comprehensively, it is necessary to create the material foundation of the productive forces and to transform the social foundation of the relations of production. By leading social revolution, the Party established the socialist system, fundamentally resolving the inherent contradiction between the socialization of production and the private ownership of the means of production, and laying the institutional foundation for achieving the ultimate goal. Since reform and opening up, on the one hand, the Party has consistently taken the liberation and development of the productive forces as its fundamental task, continuously deepening reform and steadily expanding opening up, constantly improving and developing the basic socialist economic system, and greatly raising the level of development of the productive forces, thereby accumulating the material foundation for achieving the ultimate goal. On the other hand, the Party has consistently taken the path of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics, constantly improving and developing the institutional system in which the people are the masters of the country, continuously promoting social fairness and justice, providing everyone with the rights and opportunities for democratic participation and equal development, offering institutional guarantees for the entire people to share in the fruits of development, and preparing the social conditions for achieving the ultimate goal.

构建人自由而全面发展的“自由人联合体”是中国共产党领导社会革命、推进社会历史发展的最终目标，党肩负起推动“两个必然”从“应然”走向“实然”的社会革命任务。要推动人类社会从“阶级统治”走向“自由人联合体”，使人民群众从被统治、被剥削的客体转变为共享发展成果、自由而全面发展的主体，必须创造生产力的物质基础、变革生产关系的社会基础。党领导社会革命建立了社会主义制度，根本解决了生产社会化与生产资料私有制之间的固有矛盾，为实现最终目标奠定了制度基础。改革开放以来，一方面，党始终坚持把解放和发展生产力作为根本任务，不断深化改革、持续扩大开放，不断完善和发展社会主义基本经济制度，极大提升了生产力发展水平，为实现最终目标积累了物质基础。另一方面，党始终坚持走中国特色社会主义民主政治道路，不断完善和发展人民当家作主的制度体系，不断促进社会公平正义，为每个人提供了民主参与、平等发展的权利与机会，为全民共享发展成果提供了制度保证，为实现最终目标准备了社会条件。

(3) Practical logic: ensuring the scientific nature of the practical path

（三）实践逻辑：确保实践道路的科学性

The great historical practice of a Marxist political party leading social revolution is not “based on the ideas or principles invented or discovered by this or that world reformer,” but must follow a scientific judgment of the “real relations of the historical movement.” [11]11 This is a paraphrase of a passage from the *Communist Manifesto* (1848), where Marx and Engels write that the theoretical principles of communists “are not based on ideas or principles invented or discovered by this or that world reformer. They merely express, in general terms, actual relations springing from an existing class struggle, from a historical movement going on under our very eyes.” Historical materialism scientifically explains the law by which the masses propel the succession of human social formations through the dialectical movement of productive forces and relations of production, and of economic base and superstructure, providing the scientific guide for the Chinese Communist Party’s exploration of the practical path of leading social revolution.

马克思主义政党引领社会革命的伟大历史实践，不是“以这个或那个世界改革家所发明或发现的思想、原则为根据的”，而是必须遵循对“历史运动的真实关系”的科学判断。历史唯物主义科学阐释了在生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的辩证运动中人民群众推动人类社会形态更替的规律，为中国共产党引领社会革命的实践道路探索提供了科学指南。

The historical changes in the themes of the times and the historical development of social conditions both possess historical objectivity, and the subjective consciousness and subjective power of the masses also have historical limitations. The ideal society of a union of free individuals cannot be built overnight. The historical process by which the Party leads social revolution also manifests a law of the unity of long-term nature and stage-by-stage nature, revealing a practical logic of advancing in stages and steps, continuously and sequentially. In the *Communist Manifesto*, Marx and Engels decomposed the stage-by-stage tasks of social revolution for communists, from the “immediate aim” to the “ultimate goal” — from organizing the proletariat and overthrowing bourgeois rule, to establishing state power and liberating and developing the productive forces, and finally to achieving communism — vividly depicting the social-historical practical process by which communists complete stage-by-stage revolutionary tasks, continuously advance social revolution, and ultimately realize the lofty ideal. From its very founding, the Chinese Communist Party integrated Marxism with China’s specific realities, and at its Second National Congress scientifically formulated the Party’s minimum program and maximum program. The Chinese Communist Party has always used the scientific method of historical materialism to continuously explore the correct revolutionary path that conforms to the themes of the times, suits China’s national conditions, reflects the people’s demands, and advances national rejuvenation. During the period of the New Democratic Revolution, facing the basic national conditions of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in modern China, it opened up the correct revolutionary path of encircling the cities from the countryside and seizing state power by armed force. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, facing the main task of transition from New Democracy to socialism, it explored the correct path of socialist transformation. During the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, it emancipated the mind and sought truth from facts, independently creating the correct path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and forming valuable historical experience of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution.

时代主题的历史变迁、社会条件的历史发展均具有历史的客观性，人民群众的主体意识和主体力量也同样具有历史局限性，建设自由人联合体的理想社会不可能一蹴而就，党引领社会革命的历史进程也呈现出长期性与阶段性相统一的规律，彰显出分阶段、有步骤地接续推进的实践逻辑。马克思恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中分解了共产党人从“最近目的”到“最终目的”的阶段性社会革命任务，从组织无产阶级、推翻资产阶级统治，到建立国家政权、解放发展生产力，直至最终实现共产主义，生动描绘了共产党人通过完成阶段性的革命任务、持续推进社会革命、最终实现远大理想的社会历史实践过程。中国共产党一经成立，就将马克思主义同中国具体实际相结合，在党的二大上科学制定了党的最低纲领和最高纲领。中国共产党始终以历史唯物主义的科学方法不断探索符合时代主题、适合中国国情、体现人民诉求、推进民族复兴的正确革命道路。在新民主主义革命时期，面对近代中国半殖民地半封建社会的基本国情，开辟了农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的正确革命道路；在社会主义革命和建设时期，面对从新民主主义向社会主义转变的主要任务，探索出社会主义改造的正确道路；在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，解放思想、实事求是，独立自主地开创了中国特色社会主义的正确道路，形成了以党的自我革命引领社会革命的宝贵历史经验。

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that the “two inevitables” are “an irreversible general trend in the development of human society, but they require a very long historical process. In this process, we must base ourselves on reality, grasp the historical currents of each stage well, and do the work of the present well.” [12]12 Xi Jinping, speech at the ceremony marking the 200th anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx (May 4, 2018). Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has advanced theoretical innovation and practical exploration on the correct path of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, continuously deepening its understanding of the era in which the “two overall situations” [13]13 The “two overall situations” (两个大局) refer to the overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the overall situation of changes unseen in a century in the world. interweave and interact, scientifically judging the historical juncture of “socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a New Era,” and clearly declaring the central task of the Chinese Communist Party on the new journey of the New Era: comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. The Party’s central task in the New Era, on the one hand, clarifies the subjectivity of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation in terms of value orientation, essential characteristics, and practical force. It adheres to the people-centered value orientation, takes the realization of common prosperity for all the people and the promotion of people’s all-round development as its essential characteristics, uses the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to draw the broadest and most steadfast value concentric circle, and fully stimulates the subjective will and subjective power of all Chinese sons and daughters to advance the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation under the Party’s leadership. On the other hand, it builds an interactive pattern between the national and the global in terms of shared destiny, shared values, and shared development, advocating common development for the whole world,凝聚 the common values of all humanity, promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, and integrating Chinese-path modernization into the modernization process of human civilization. Within the grand vision of the historical evolution of human civilization, the Party’s central task in the New Era achieves a temporal focus on the people’s nature, the national nature, and the global nature, manifesting the consistency in historical logic between respecting the laws of social development and respecting the people’s position as the subject of history, the consistency in value logic between striving for the lofty ideal and seeking interests for the overwhelming majority of the people, and the consistency in practical logic between completing the Party’s various tasks and realizing the people’s interests. On the basis of firm theoretical consciousness, it forms a high degree of historical consciousness and a strong sense of historical mission in leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution.

习近平总书记强调，“两个必然”是“人类社会发展不可逆转的总趋势，但需要经历一个很长的历史过程。在这个过程中，我们要立足现实，把握好每个阶段的历史大势，做好当下的事情”。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央在坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的正确道路上推进理论创新与实践探索，持续深化对“两个大局”相互交织、相互激荡的时代认知，科学研判“中国特色社会主义进入新时代”的历史方位，明确宣告新时代新征程中国共产党以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的中心任务。新时代党的中心任务，一方面，在价值指向、本质特征和实践力量上明确了中国人民和中华民族的主体性。坚持以人民为中心的价值指向，以实现全体人民共同富裕、推进人的全面发展为本质特征，以中华民族伟大复兴绘出最广泛最坚定的价值同心圆，在党的领导下充分激发全体中华儿女推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的主体意志和主体力量。另一方面，在共同命运、共同价值和共同发展中搭建起民族性与世界性的互动格局，倡导全世界共同发展，凝聚全人类共同价值，推动构建人类命运共同体，把中国式现代化融入人类文明现代化进程。在人类文明历史演进的宏大视野中，新时代党的中心任务实现了人民性、民族性与世界性的时代聚焦，彰显出在历史逻辑上尊重社会发展规律和尊重人民历史主体地位的一致性，在价值逻辑上为崇高理想奋斗和为最广大人民谋利益的一致性，在实践逻辑上完成党的各项工作和实现人民利益的一致性，在坚定理论自觉基础上，形成了以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度历史自觉和强烈历史使命感。

II. Spiritual Power: Enhancing the Sense of Responsibility for Leading Social Revolution through the Party’s Self-Revolution

二、精神伟力：提升以党的自我革命引领社会革命的担当意识

On the basis of a firm theoretical consciousness of historical materialism, the Chinese Communist Party raises high the spirit of historical initiative, continuously strengthens historical consciousness, historical initiative, and historical creativity, and internalizes these into a high degree of subjective consciousness of the Party in maintaining historical sobriety, strengthening historical resolve, anchoring historical direction, improving historical thinking, discerning historical currents, and promoting historical development. It continuously enhances the sense of responsibility for leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution, marking the Chinese Communist Party’s achievement of subjective development from being-in-itself and for-itself to being conscious and free, and providing the spiritual power of responsibility and mission for leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution.

在坚定历史唯物主义的理论自觉基础上，中国共产党高扬历史主动精神，不断增强历史自觉性、历史主动性、历史创造性，并将其内化为党保持历史清醒、增强历史定力、锚定历史方向、提高历史思维、洞察历史大势、推动历史发展的高度主体自觉，不断提升以党的自我革命引领社会革命的担当意识，标志着中国共产党实现了从自在自为走向自觉自由的主体性发展，为以党的自我革命引领社会革命提供了担当使命的精神伟力。

(1) Historical consciousness cultivates the subjective consciousness of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution

（一）历史自觉性涵养以党的自我革命引领社会革命的主体自觉

History has objective laws that can be followed; historical development has clear objectivity, directionality, and inevitability. At the same time, promoting historical development also has distinct subjectivity, value-orientation, and initiative. Communists, as “the most resolute and always driving part” [14]14 This phrase is from the *Communist Manifesto*, describing communists as “the most resolute and always driving part of the working-class parties of every country.” in leading social revolution, bear the historical consciousness of creating possibilities within inevitability. Historical consciousness is a direct manifestation of the subjective consciousness of the Chinese Communist Party as a mission-oriented political party. It is expressed as the high degree of consciousness of communists in respecting the historical subject, firming up the historical direction, applying historical laws, summing up historical experience, and promoting historical development, and it cultivates the subjective consciousness of communists in leading social revolution and bravely undertaking historical missions.

历史是有客观规律可循的，历史发展具有明确的客观性、方向性和必然性，而推动历史发展同样具有鲜明的主体性、价值性和能动性，共产党人作为引领社会革命中“最坚决的、始终起推动作用的部分”，肩负着在必然性中创造可能性的历史自觉性。历史自觉性是中国共产党作为使命型政党主体自觉的直接体现，表现为共产党人尊重历史主体、坚定历史方向、运用历史规律、总结历史经验、推动历史发展的高度自觉，涵育着共产党人引领社会革命、勇担历史使命的主体自觉。

The subjective consciousness of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution is rooted in a conscious cognition of historical laws; on the basis of a profound grasp of objective laws, it forms a subjective consciousness that uses historical thinking to lead social revolution. From its very founding, the Communist Party of China established its original aspiration and founding mission of seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation. For more than a hundred years, the CPC has continuously improved its capacity for historical thinking, steadily enhanced its ability to master historical laws, maintained historical sobriety, judged historical bearings, recognized historical trends, and followed the currents of history, shouldering the main tasks of social revolution in different periods with a strong sense of historical consciousness. Facing the revolutionary task of winning national independence and the liberation of the people, the Party led the people to win the great victory of the New Democratic Revolution; facing the revolutionary task of transition from New Democracy to socialism, the Party led the people to realize socialist transformation and advance socialist construction; facing the main task of continuing to explore the correct path for building socialism, the Party inaugurated the great cause of reform and opening up and blazed the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. As socialism with Chinese characteristics entered the New Era, on the basis of the timely fulfillment of the First Centenary Goal [15]15 “Founding a new world and daring to be the first” (开天辟地、敢为人先) — a phrase commonly used to describe the pioneering spirit of the CPC’s founding in 1921, evoking the myth of Pangu separating heaven and earth., the Party has shouldered the central task of comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, and has set out on a new journey toward realizing the Second Centenary Goal [16]16 The Two Establishments (两个确立): The establishment of Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and the establishment of the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. and building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects.

以党的自我革命引领社会革命的主体自觉，根源于对历史规律的自觉认知，在深刻把握客观规律基础上形成了运用历史思维引领社会革命的主体自觉。中国共产党一经成立，就确立了为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴的初心和使命。一百余年来，中国共产党始终不断提高历史思维能力，不断增强驾驭历史规律的能力，保持历史清醒、判断历史方位、认清历史大势、顺应历史潮流，以强烈的历史自觉性勇担不同时期社会革命的主要任务。面对争取民族独立、人民解放的革命任务，党领导人民夺取了新民主主义革命伟大胜利；面对从新民主主义向社会主义转变的革命任务，党领导人民实现了社会主义改造，推进了社会主义建设；面对继续探索建设社会主义正确道路的主要任务，党开创了改革开放伟大事业，开辟了中国特色社会主义道路。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，在第一个百年奋斗目标如期实现的基础上，党肩负起以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的中心任务，踏上了实现第二个百年奋斗目标、全面建成社会主义现代化强国的新征程。

The subjective consciousness of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution is built on a self-awareness of the historical subject; on the basis of a profound understanding of the power of the historical subject, it forms a subjective consciousness that promotes the development of the subject to lead social revolution. At three major historical junctures in the Party’s leadership of the people in revolution, reform, and the entry into the New Era — in 1945, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the CPC adopted the *Resolution on Certain Historical Questions*; in 1981, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC adopted the *Resolution on Certain Historical Questions since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China*; and in 2021, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the CPC adopted the *Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century*. These three resolutions demonstrate that, in the face of social revolutions with different historical periods and different historical tasks, the CPC has always maintained a high degree of historical consciousness and exerted subjective consciousness, seeking truth from facts to comprehensively and profoundly summarize the important historical experiences and lessons of major historical events, and continuously advancing the great cause of the Party leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution. It is thus evident that, in the course of more than a hundred years of struggle, the CPC has always firmly adhered to the people’s standpoint, anchored its historical direction, held fast to its original aspiration, shouldered its mission, emancipated the mind, sought truth from facts, and consistently maintained a sense of responsibility for leading social revolution and bearing historical missions. This is also an important magic weapon for the CPC to continuously win one great victory after another.

以党的自我革命引领社会革命的主体自觉，建基于对历史主体的自我觉知，在深刻认识历史主体力量基础上形成了推动主体发展引领社会革命的主体自觉。在党领导人民进行革命、改革和进入新时代的三个重大历史关头，1945年党的六届七中全会上通过了《关于若干历史问题的决议》，1981年党的十一届六中全会上通过了《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》，2021年党的十九届六中全会上通过了《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》。三份决议彰显出面对不同历史时期、不同历史任务的社会革命，中国共产党始终保持高度的历史自觉并发挥主体自觉，实事求是地全面深刻总结重大历史事件的重要历史经验教训，不断以党的自我革命推进党领导社会革命的伟大事业。可见，在百余年奋斗征程中，中国共产党始终坚定人民立场、锚定历史方向，坚守初心、勇担使命，解放思想、实事求是，始终保持引领社会革命、勇担历史使命的担当意识，这也是中国共产党不断夺取一个又一个伟大胜利的重要法宝。

(2) Historical Initiative Gives Rise to the Proactive Spirit of Leading Social Revolution through the Party’s Self-Revolution

（二）历史主动性催生以党的自我革命引领社会革命的主动精神

Historical initiative originates from the subjective initiative manifested by the historical subject in its subjective practice of driving the historical development of human society. Historical laws are neither self-existing nor other-existing; they are practical truths that are generated, presented, and thereby summarized and elevated in the subjective practice of the masses. The masses create history not without purpose or for the purpose of others, but according to their own purposes, actively creating history in the process of self-realization. The masses are subjects with subjective initiative in the face of historical laws, manifesting a proactive spirit that, on the basis of a profound grasp of historical laws, actively solidifies value positions, actively shoulders missions, and drives social-historical development. Communists bear the mission of mobilizing the masses’ subjective consciousness to drive social revolution and inspiring the masses to become the main force of social development, thereby manifesting the historical proactive spirit of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution.

历史主动性来源于历史主体在推动人类社会历史发展的主体实践中彰显出的主观能动性。历史规律不是自在或他在的，而是在人民群众的主体实践中生成、呈现进而得以总结、升华的实践真理。人民群众创造历史从来不是无目的或他者目的的，而是按照自己的目的、主动地在自我实现中创造历史。人民群众在历史规律面前是具有主观能动性的主体，表现出在深刻把握历史规律基础上主动坚定价值立场，主动担当使命，推动社会历史发展的主动精神。共产党人肩负着调动人民群众推动社会革命的主体意识、激发人民群众成为社会发展主体力量的使命，彰显出以党的自我革命引领社会革命的历史主动精神。

Leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution requires Communists to actively shoulder the historical mission of guiding the masses from passivity to initiative. The masses’ historical subjective consciousness and historical initiative are often obscured by the class consciousness of the ruling class, and are constrained by numerous subjective and objective conditions, preventing them from achieving subjective consciousness or realizing that they themselves possess the historical initiative to drive social revolution. However, “historical activity is the activity of the masses, and as historical activity deepens, the ranks of the masses will inevitably expand.” To continuously drive social revolution and steadily advance social-historical development, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the main force of the masses and awaken the masses’ initiative to participate in social revolution and create social history. The CPC uses Marxist theory to enlighten, encourage, and arm the masses, endowing the revolutionary line and policies of different periods with vivid explanatory power, guiding power, mobilizing power, and cohesive power through discursive forms that possess national characteristics, fit the context of the times, and align with the masses’ expression. It guides the masses to reach a subjective consensus on driving social revolution, gathers the main force of the masses to drive social revolution, thereby transforming the masses’ spontaneous historical activity into a highly proactive social-historical practice, promoting the awakening of the masses’ initiative and the development of their subjectivity.

以党的自我革命引领社会革命，要求共产党人主动担当起引领人民群众从被动走向主动的历史使命。人民群众的历史主体意识、历史主动性往往被统治阶级的阶级意识所遮蔽，受到诸多主客观条件的制约而无法实现主体自觉、无法意识到自身具有推动社会革命的历史主动性。然而，“历史活动是群众的活动，随着历史活动的深入，必将是群众队伍的扩大”。要持续推动社会革命、接续推进社会历史发展，必须不断壮大人民群众的主体力量，唤醒人民群众参与社会革命、创造社会历史的主动性。中国共产党用马克思主义理论启发、鼓舞和武装人民群众，将不同时期的革命路线方针通过具有民族特色、契合时代语境、贴合群众表达的话语形式赋予其鲜活的阐释力、引导力、动员力和凝聚力，引领人民群众达成推动社会革命的主体共识，汇聚人民群众推动社会革命的主体力量，从而将人民群众自发的历史活动转变为一种具有高度主动性的社会历史实践，推动着人民群众的主动性觉醒和主体性发展。

Leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution requires Communists to actively adjust the relationship between the purposiveness and regularity of history, and to actively shoulder the historical mission of leading the masses to drive social revolution. In different periods, social revolution faces different themes of the times, social conditions, and popular demands. The Party refines the specific tasks of social revolution and explores the specific lines of social revolution. It must both follow the general laws of the historical development of human society and embody the people’s will and pool the people’s wisdom, so that it can fully stimulate the masses’ historical proactive spirit. On the one hand, the CPC, with a high degree of strategic initiative, plans and lays out a roadmap for driving social-historical development, firmly grasps the historical initiative, seizes windows of development opportunity, and enhances the foresight, predictability, and scientific nature of formulating macro-level lines and policies. On the other hand, the Party, with a high degree of tactical initiative, flexibly implements policies to ensure the concrete landing of social revolution policies, acting according to the times, adapting to local conditions, and guiding matters according to circumstances, mobilizing all forces that can be mobilized, and stimulating the masses’ initiative to create history by drawing on their wisdom and exerting their strength.

以党的自我革命引领社会革命，要求共产党人主动调适历史合目的性与合规律性的关系，主动担当起领导人民群众推动社会革命的历史使命。在不同时期，社会革命面对不同的时代主题、社会条件与群众诉求，党凝练社会革命的具体任务、探索社会革命的具体路线，既要遵循人类社会历史发展的一般规律，也要体现人民意志、汇聚人民智慧，使之能够充分激发人民群众的历史主动精神。一方面，中国共产党以高度的战略主动，谋篇布局推动社会历史发展的路线图，牢牢把握历史主动，抓住发展机遇期，提高制定宏观路线方针的前瞻性、预见性、科学性；另一方面，党以高度的策略主动，灵活施策推动社会革命方针政策的具体落地，因时而动、因地制宜、因势利导，调动一切可以调动的力量，在汲取群众智慧、发挥群众力量中激发人民群众创造历史的主动性。

(3) Historical Creativity Tempers the Fighting Will to Lead Social Revolution through the Party’s Self-Revolution

（三）历史创造性淬炼以党的自我革命引领社会革命的斗争意志

General

习近平总书记指出：“共产党人必须做改造社会、改造世界的担当者，敢于担当责任，勇于直面困难。”共产党人领导人民群众改造世界、创造历史从来不是一帆风顺的，必须具有敢于引领社会革命的首创精神，必须具有与一切阻碍社会发展的力量作斗争的斗争精神。要以党的自我革命坚定首创精神、斗争精神，不断淬炼共产党人在引领社会革命的伟大实践中勇于创造、敢于斗争的精神意志。

Communists, in leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution, display a high degree of historical courage and possess a pioneering spirit of daring to create. From the Party-building spirit of “founding a new world and daring to be the first” to the spirit of reform and innovation characterized by “pioneering and innovation, daring to take responsibility,” the genetic code of daring to create has always been engraved in the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, driving the CPC to open up the path of the new-democratic revolution and the path of socialist transformation, to initiate the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to create a new form of human civilization. The pioneering spirit has always been the spiritual magic weapon for the CPC to maintain its vigor and vitality, grasp the pulse of the times, march at the forefront of the times, lead the trend of the times, initiate new great causes, and win new great victories. On the new journey, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core further deepens reform comprehensively, advances Chinese-path modernization, puts forward the scientific thesis that “innovation is the primary driving force for development,” promotes innovation in science and technology, theory, institutions, and culture, builds an innovative country, and plans reform well and realizes innovation well — this has become the key to leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution in the New Era.

共产党人以党的自我革命引领社会革命表现出高度的历史勇气，具有勇于创造的首创精神。从“开天辟地、敢为人先”的建党精神到“开拓创新、勇于担当”的改革创新精神，敢于创造的精神基因始终镌刻在中国共产党人的精神谱系中，推动着中国共产党开辟了新民主主义革命道路、社会主义改造道路，开创了中国特色社会主义伟大事业，创造了人类文明新形态。首创精神始终是中国共产党永葆生机活力，把握时代脉搏、走在时代前列、引领时代潮流，开创新的伟大事业、夺取新的伟大胜利的精神法宝。新征程上，以习近平同志为核心的党中央进一步全面深化改革，推进中国式现代化，提出“创新是引领发展的第一动力”的科学论断，推进科技创新、理论创新、制度创新、文化创新，建设创新型国家，谋划好改革、实现好创新，已经成为新时代以党的自我革命引领社会革命的关键。

Communists leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution manifest a strong historical sobriety and possess a fighting spirit of daring to struggle. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “Daring to struggle and daring to win are the invincible spiritual strength of the Chinese Communist Party.” The development of social history always follows the law of the contradictory movement between productive forces and relations of production, and between the economic base and the superstructure, driving society forward through continuous social revolution and the creation of social history. From the perspective of a grand historical view, all creative activities that transform the world must struggle against the subjective and objective conditions that constrain social historical development. This includes both material activities that transform the objective world and spiritual activities that transform the subjective world. Social revolutions in different historical periods have distinct characteristics of their times, and it is necessary to soberly recognize that completing the historical tasks of social revolution requires waging many great struggles with the characteristics of the times. On the one hand, Communists must always use the spirit of struggle to promote reform and innovation that break down barriers and tackle difficulties, continuously advance institutional and mechanistic changes, and further unleash the vitality of social development. On the other hand, they must also always use the spirit of struggle to promote the self-revolution that turns the blade inward and scrapes the poison off the bone, so that the Party is full of vitality and vigor, building a long-term governing Marxist political party, and continuously enhancing the Party’s strong will and capability to lead the further comprehensive deepening of reform and to advance Chinese-path modernization.

共产党人以党的自我革命引领社会革命彰显出强烈的历史清醒，具有敢于斗争的斗争精神。习近平总书记强调：“敢于斗争、敢于胜利，是中国共产党不可战胜的强大精神力量。”社会历史发展始终遵循着生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的矛盾运动规律，在不断进行社会革命、创造社会历史中推动社会向前发展。从大历史观看，一切改造世界的创造性活动，必须与束缚社会历史发展的主客观条件做斗争，这既包括改造客观世界的物质活动，也包括改造主观世界的精神活动。不同历史时期的社会革命都具有鲜明时代特点，必须清醒认识到完成社会革命的历史任务要进行许多具有时代特点的伟大斗争。一方面，共产党人要始终以斗争精神推动破除藩篱、攻坚克难的改革创新，不断推动体制机制变革，进一步释放社会发展活力；另一方面，还要始终以斗争精神推动刀刃向内、刮骨疗伤的自我革命，使党充满生机和活力，建设长期执政的马克思主义政党，不断提高党领导进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的坚强意志和能力水平。

III. Practical Direction: Forming an Interactive Pattern of Leading Social Revolution through the Party’s Self-Revolution

三、实践指向：形成以党的自我革命引领社会革命的互动格局

Practice is the activity of the subjective seen in the objective. Transforming firm theoretical consciousness and high-level subjective consciousness into the practical consciousness of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution is an important task for pushing the Party’s self-revolution to a higher level in the New Era. When summarizing the historical experience of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [n], General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Carrying out self-revolution while simultaneously carrying out social revolution is the most distinctive sign that distinguishes our Party from other political parties, and it is also the key to our Party’s continuous advance from victory to new victories.” He highly summarized this historical experience as “striving to realize an interactive pattern of leading the great social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution and promoting the Party’s self-revolution through the great social revolution,” forming the great combined force of the “two revolutions” under the Party’s leadership. This is also the key magic weapon for winning the victory of upholding and developing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era.

实践是主观见之于客观的活动，将坚定的理论自觉、高度的主体自觉转化为以党的自我革命引领社会革命的实践自觉，是新时代把党的自我革命推向更高水平的重要课题。习近平总书记在总结十八大以来以党的自我革命引领社会革命的历史经验时指出，“在进行社会革命的同时不断进行自我革命，是我们党区别于其他政党最显著的标志，也是我们党不断从胜利走向新的胜利的关键所在”，并将这一历史经验高度概括为“努力实现以党的自我革命引领伟大社会革命、以伟大社会革命促进党的自我革命”的互动格局，形成党领导下“两个革命”的伟大合力，这也是新时代夺取坚持和发展中国特色社会主义事业胜利的关键法宝。

(1) Adhere to Theoretical Innovation, Provide the Fundamental Guidance for the Party’s Self-Revolution to Lead Social Revolution

（一）坚持理论创新，提供党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本遵循

A great social revolution requires scientific theory as the guide for action. The reason the Chinese Communist Party has been able to lead social revolution to continuously win victories and complete various arduous tasks that seemed impossible to accomplish lies in its “continuously adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, guiding the Chinese people to continuously advance the great social revolution.” Marxism “provides not a ready-made dogma, but a starting point for further investigation and a method for such investigation.” Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the Marxism of contemporary China and the Marxism of the twenty-first century, opening a new realm of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and providing fundamental guidance for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

伟大的社会革命需要科学理论作为行动先导。中国共产党之所以能够引领社会革命不断夺取胜利，完成各种艰巨的看似无法完成的任务，就在于其“不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化，指导中国人民不断推进伟大社会革命”。马克思主义“提供的不是现成的教条，而是进一步研究的出发点和供这种研究使用的方法”。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义，开辟了马克思主义中国化时代化新境界，为进一步全面深化改革、以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴提供了根本遵循。

Promoting the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times with a high degree of theoretical consciousness is an inevitable requirement for Chinese Communists in the New Era to enhance confidence in the theory, promote theoretical innovation, and provide fundamental guidance for leading social revolution. On the one hand, adhering to the Two Integrations [n] and upholding and developing Marxism with a spirit of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground is the magic weapon for the Chinese Communist Party to continuously win great victories in social revolution. On the new journey, it is necessary to further emancipate the mind and seek truth from facts, adhere to the integration of theory with practice and a problem-oriented approach, and summarize and elevate the practical experience condensed from the practice of advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization—experience with Chinese characteristics, features of the times, and cultural traits—into the theoretical expression of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. On the other hand, it is necessary to unremittingly use the Party’s innovative theories to arm the entire Party, serve the people, and guide practice, focusing efforts on deepening understanding, strengthening transformation, and internalizing action, continuously raising theoretical levels and enhancing spiritual realms, strengthening Party spirit and firming up ideals and convictions, and reinforcing the entire Party’s sense of responsibility, initiative, and fighting will. It is necessary to transform theoretical, political, and macro-level lines and policies into target paths that have social communication effects and are popular with the masses, so that the people can jointly follow and consciously practice them, stimulating the subjective will and subjective strength of all Chinese sons and daughters to comprehensively advance the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.

以高度的理论自觉推动马克思主义中国化时代化，是新时代中国共产党人增强理论自信、推动理论创新，为引领社会革命提供根本遵循的必然要求。一方面，坚持“两个结合”，以守正创新的精神坚持和发展马克思主义，是中国共产党不断夺取社会革命伟大胜利的法宝。新征程上，要进一步解放思想、实事求是，坚持理论联系实际和问题导向，将中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴实践中凝练的具有中国特色、时代特征、文化特质的实践经验，总结升华为马克思主义中国化时代化的理论表达。另一方面，要坚持不懈用党的创新理论武装全党、服务人民、指导实践，着力在深化理解、强化转化、内化行动上下功夫，不断提高理论水平、提升精神境界，加强党性修养、坚定理想信念，强化全党的担当意识、主动精神、斗争意志。要将理论化、政治化、宏观性的路线方针转化为具有社会传播效应、群众喜闻乐见的目标路径，让人民群众共同遵循、自觉践行，激发全体中华儿女全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的主体意志和主体力量。

(2) Firm Political Stance, Clarify the Path and Direction for the Party’s Self-Revolution to Lead Social Revolution

（二）坚定政治立场，明确党的自我革命引领社会革命的道路方向

General

习近平总书记指出：“坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，体现了党的理想信念、性质宗旨、初心使命，也是对党的奋斗历程和实践经验的深刻总结。”坚持人民至上、以人民为中心的价值立场，以为广大人民谋利益作为最高价值标准，是以党的自我革命引领社会革命取得伟大胜利实践经验的深刻总结，是中国共产党坚定政治立场的根本要求。

The people-centered stance runs through the central tasks of the Party in the New Era. “The ultimate goal of modernization is to realize the free and comprehensive development of the individual.” In the New Era, as we further deepen reform comprehensively and advance Chinese-path modernization, its essential characteristics are the modernization of the individual, a modernization that adheres to a people-centered approach, takes the enhancement of the people’s well-being as its value pursuit, continuously safeguards and improves people’s livelihoods in the course of development, earnestly ensures that development is for the people, relies on the people, and that its fruits are shared by the people, constantly strengthens the people’s sense of happiness, gain, and security, promotes substantive progress in common prosperity, and thereby realizes the comprehensive development of the individual. First, we must uphold the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. We must firmly establish the Two Establishments, achieve the Two Upholds, strengthen political conviction and political responsibility, fundamentally ensure that all Party members establish a political pursuit of putting the people above all else, and uphold the political goal of always being for the people. Second, we must adhere to the Party’s mass line. We must adhere to the mass line, give full play to the subjective initiative of the masses, mobilize the wisdom and strength of the masses, and forge a solid Party-mass united battle fortress that leads social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution. Third, we must respect the people’s status as the subject of value. We must establish a value standard of putting the people above all else and an evaluation system that takes the masses as the subject of evaluation, reflecting that the masses are the ultimate judges of the Party’s work, so that the masses always occupy the highest position in the common value system of self-revolution and social revolution.

人民立场贯穿于新时代党的中心任务始终，“现代化的最终目标是实现人自由而全面的发展”。新时代进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化，其本质特征是人的现代化、坚持以人民为中心的现代化，以增进民生福祉为价值追求，不断在发展中保障和改善民生，切实做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，不断增强人民的幸福感、获得感、安全感，推动共同富裕取得实质性进展，进而实现人的全面发展。一是坚持党中央的集中统一领导。坚定“两个确立”、做到“两个维护”，坚定政治信仰、强化政治担当，从根本上保证全体党员树立人民至上的政治追求，高扬始终为了人民的政治目标。二是坚持党的群众路线。坚持群众路线，发挥人民群众的主观能动性，调动人民群众的智慧和力量，铸牢以党的自我革命引领社会革命的党群一体战斗堡垒。三是尊重人民群众的价值主体地位。建立人民至上的价值标准和以人民群众作为评价主体的评价体系，体现人民群众是党的工作的最终评判者，使人民群众始终处于自我革命和社会革命共同价值体系中的最高位置。

(III) Tempering the Spiritual Will, Bravely Undertaking the Mission and Task of Leading Social Revolution through the Party’s Self-Revolution

（三）锤炼精神意志，勇担党的自我革命引领社会革命的使命任务

The essence of spirit is a scientific summary of the advanced qualities manifested by the subject’s consciousness system in the process of practice. The spiritual production of a society possesses relative independence; spiritual production can promote material production and even the entire social production, and it is also an internal driving force for advancing the historical development of human society. Through the production of spiritual culture, constructing a relatively independent subject consciousness system encompassing value choices, cognitive thinking, spiritual qualities, and other aspects can enable the subject of practice to break free from the constraints and interference of complex external ideological environments, diverse value concepts, and erroneous thinking methods, and to maintain a firm stance and spiritual will in leading social revolution and undertaking historical missions.

精神的实质是对实践过程中主体意识系统所表现出的先进品质的科学总结。一个社会的精神生产具有相对独立性，精神生产能够促进物质生产乃至整个社会生产，也是推动人类社会历史发展的内驱动力。通过精神文化生产，构建涵盖价值选择、认知思维、精神品质等方面相对独立的主体意识系统，可以使实践主体摆脱外在复杂思想环境、多元价值观念、错误思维方法的束缚和干扰，保持引领社会革命、担当历史使命的坚定立场和精神意志。

The Party’s self-revolution requires the courage and perseverance to turn the blade inward, and solving the unique problems of a large party demands constant sobriety and resolve. The spirit of self-revolution has become the spiritual support enabling the Chinese Communist Party to break out of the historical cycle of rise and fall [18]18 The “historical cycle of rise and fall” (历史周期率) refers to the recurring pattern of dynastic rise, peak, decline, and collapse in Chinese history. In 1945, Mao Zedong discussed with Huang Yanpei how the CPC could avoid this cycle, proposing “people’s supervision” as the answer; Xi Jinping has. As the spirit of the times continuously evolves, the practice of the Chinese Communist Party leading social revolution develops accordingly. Starting from the original source of the Party-building spirit, the Chinese Communist Party’s unique value stance, mode of thinking, and quality of will have always run through the great practice of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution. It is necessary to carry forward the original aspiration, bravely shoulder the mission, and continuously impel generation after generation of Communists to scientifically summarize, synthesize, and elevate the spiritual traits concretely manifested in this practice, thereby enriching the Chinese Communists’ spiritual genealogy, forming the Communists’ unique spiritual qualities, and building the Communists’ spiritual home. It is necessary to carry forward the spiritual character of adhering to truth and upholding ideals and convictions, to continue the spiritual gene of loyalty to the Party and faithfulness to the people, and to forge the spiritual temperament of daring to take responsibility and being good at taking action, thereby providing nourishment for Chinese Communists in the New Era to temper the spirit of self-revolution and providing spiritual support for maintaining the high degree of consciousness with which the Party’s self-revolution leads social revolution.

党的自我革命需要刀刃向内的勇气和毅力，解决大党独有难题需要时刻保持清醒和坚定，自我革命精神成为中国共产党跳出历史周期率的精神支撑。随着时代精神的不断演变，中国共产党领导社会革命的实践不断发展，从建党精神的源头活水出发，中国共产党独有的价值立场、思维方法和意志品质始终贯穿于党的自我革命引领社会革命的伟大实践中。要赓续初心、勇担使命，不断推动一代又一代共产党人科学概括、总结、升华其具体表现的精神特质丰富中国共产党人精神谱系，形成共产党人独有的精神品质，营建共产党人的精神家园。要承续坚持真理、坚守理想信念的精神品格，延续对党忠诚、不负人民的精神基因，形成敢于担当、善于作为的精神气质，为新时代中国共产党人锤炼自我革命精神提供养料，为保持党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉提供精神支撑。

(4) Improving institutional norms and perfecting the systemic guarantee for the Party’s self-revolution to lead social revolution

（四）健全制度规范，完善党的自我革命引领社会革命的体系保障

Promoting the system of self-revolution institutions and norms to become more complete, more mature, and more定型 [19] is the fundamental policy and long-term strategy for leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution. Since the New Era, the Chinese Communist Party has continuously improved the system of self-revolution institutions and norms, advancing the institutionalization, standardization, and systematization of the Party’s self-revolution. It has used long-term institutions to maintain the high degree of consciousness with which the Party’s self-revolution leads social revolution, thereby providing an institutional guarantee for always preserving this distinctive character of the Party’s self-revolution.

推动自我革命制度规范体系更加完善、更加成熟定型，是以党的自我革命引领社会革命的根本之策、长远之计。新时代以来，中国共产党不断完善党的自我革命制度规范体系，推进党的自我革命的制度化、规范化和体系化，以长效制度保持党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉，为始终保持党的自我革命这一鲜明品格提供了制度保证。

The Chinese Communist Party’s leadership of social revolution and its advancement of social-historical development is a historical process that unifies the long-term and the stage-specific. It is necessary to perfect the long-term mechanism by which the Party’s self-revolution leads social revolution. First, perfect the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. It is necessary to continuously modernize the process, a new paradigm that provides other countries in the world with a completely new choice of a new form of human political civilization.

中国共产党引领社会革命、推进社会历史发展是一个长期性与阶段性相统一的历史过程，必须健全以党的自我革命引领社会革命的长效机制。一是健全全面从严治党体系。要不断代化进程的全新范式，为世界上其他国家提供了人类政治文明新形态的全新选择。

Perfect the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, achieving full coverage of content, full coverage of objects, full linkage of responsibilities, and full integration of institutions in comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, thereby enhancing the intensity and effectiveness of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. It is necessary to perfect a dynamic adjustment system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party that promptly discovers problems, corrects deviations, and enhances capabilities. Second, perfect the long-term mechanism for studying the Party’s innovative theories. It is necessary to establish and perfect a long-term mechanism for forging the soul through learning, increasing wisdom through learning, rectifying the style of work through learning, and promoting practical work through learning, thereby enhancing theoretical level and theoretical capability. Third, perfect the normalized training mechanism and the working mechanism for preventing and correcting deviations in the outlook on political performance. Vigorously rectify problems such as cadres’ inaction, reluctance to act, unwillingness to act, and inability to act well, using institutional mechanisms to cultivate a cadre contingent with a sense of responsibility, a spirit of initiative, a spirit of innovation, and a spirit of struggle. Fourth, perfect the institutional system for the Party’s overall leadership. Perfect the leadership system that commands the overall situation and coordinates all parties, strengthen centralized and unified leadership, enhance the strategic, holistic, and systematic nature of planning for comprehensively deepening reform, ensure the combination of setting the direction and making overall plans, clarifying powers and responsibilities and achieving high-level coordination, advancing as a whole and making breakthroughs at key points, and ensure that the operation of institutions is scientific and orderly, coordinated and measured, and implemented effectively.

完善全面从严治党体系，实现全面从严治党内容全涵盖、对象全覆盖、责任全链条、制度全贯通，增强全面从严治党的强度和效力。要健全及时发现问题、纠正偏差、提升能力的全面从严治党动态调整系统。二是健全党的创新理论学习长效机制。要建立健全以学铸魂、以学增智、以学正风、以学促干的长效机制，增强理论水平与理论能力。三是健全常态化培训机制、防范纠治政绩观偏差工作机制。大力整改干部不作为、不敢为、不乐为、不善为等问题，以制度机制培养一支具有担当意识、主动精神、创新精神、斗争精神的干部队伍。四是健全党的全面领导制度体系。完善总揽全局、协调各方的领导制度体系，加强集中统一领导，增强谋划全面深化改革的战略性、整体性、系统性，保证举旗定向与谋篇布局、权责明确与高度协同、整体推进与重点突破相结合，确保制度运行科学有序、协调有度和落实有效。

(5) Focusing on reform and innovation, closely following the era theme of the Party’s self-revolution leading social revolution

（五）聚焦改革创新，紧扣党的自我革命引领社会革命的时代主题

On the new journey, in the face of the complex and ever-changing changes in the world, in history, and in the times, and in the face of the long-standing “Four Tests” and “Four Dangers” [20] within the Party, it is necessary to “radiate an even stronger historical consciousness and initiative,” strengthen the foundation and consolidate the roots, uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, and use the spirit of the Party’s self-revolution to promote the completion of all tasks in further comprehensively deepening reform, thereby ensuring the great victory of upholding and developing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era.

新征程上，面对纷繁复杂的世界之变、历史之变、时代之变，面对党内长期存在的“四大考验”“四种危险”，必须“焕发出更为强烈的历史自觉和主动精神”，强基固本、守正创新，以党的自我革命精神推动完成进一步全面深化改革各项工作任务，从而保证夺取新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义事业的伟大胜利。

In the New Era, the Party’s self-revolution and the social revolution led by the Party exhibit a high degree of homogeneity, co-directionality, and co-processuality in the value orientation of being people-centered, the goal orientation of promoting the comprehensive development of the individual, and the practical path of Chinese-path modernization. It is necessary to focus on the practice of reform and innovation, closely follow the era theme of the Party’s self-revolution leading social revolution, construct a two-way driving dynamic mechanism, and consolidate the powerful synergy of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution. On the one hand, the Party’s self-revolution takes leading the great social revolution as its fundamental purpose. It is necessary to adhere to a problem-oriented approach, planning the theme of self-revolution in response to the era’s issues of the great social revolution; adhere to practice-oriented guidance, using the developmental achievements of the great social revolution as the criterion for testing the success or failure of the Party’s self-revolution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “At present, it is precisely necessary to closely focus on the Party’s central tasks to plan and advance the Party’s self-revolution.” Focusing on the central task of promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, the Party’s self-revolution always adheres to “taking mobilizing the entire Party’s initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity in grasping reform and promoting development as the focal point,” advancing the Party’s self-revolution forever on the road with the spirit of reform, promptly discovering and correcting new problems emerging within the Party through reform measures, so that the Party forever retains its vitality and vigor and always stays at the forefront of the times. On the other hand, the great social revolution takes the Party’s self-revolution as its fundamental guarantee. The Party’s self-revolution is the self-purification, self-realization, self-development, and self-improvement of every Party member. It is necessary to use the Party’s self-revolution to promote theoretical innovation, firm up the stance and direction, temper the spirit and will, and perfect institutions and norms, continuously strengthening the Party’s firm will to shoulder the central tasks of the New Era, continuously enhancing the Party’s capability level in leading comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization, thereby fundamentally guaranteeing the success of the great cause of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era.

新时代党的自我革命与党领导的社会革命在以人民为中心的价值遵循、推动人的全面发展的目标指向以及中国式现代化的实践道路上，表现出高度的同质性、同向性与同过程性。要通过聚焦改革创新实践，紧扣党的自我革命引领社会革命的时代主题，建构双向驱动的动力机制，凝聚以党的自我革命引领社会革命的强大合力。一方面，党的自我革命以引领伟大社会革命为根本目的。要坚持问题导向，针对伟大社会革命的时代课题谋篇布局自我革命的主题；坚持实践指引，以伟大社会革命的发展成果作为检验党的自我革命成败的标准。习近平总书记指出，“当前，就是要紧紧围绕党的中心任务来谋划和推进党的自我革命”。聚焦以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的中心任务，党的自我革命始终坚持“以调动全党抓改革、促发展的积极性、主动性、创造性为着力点”，以改革的精神推进党的自我革命永远在路上，以改革的举措及时发现和纠正党内出现的新问题，使党永葆生机活力，始终走在时代前列。另一方面，伟大社会革命以党的自我革命为根本保证。党的自我革命是每个党员的自我净化、自我实现、自我发展、自我完善，要以党的自我革命推动理论创新、坚定立场方向、锤炼精神意志、完善制度规范，不断强化党肩负新时代中心任务的坚强意志，不断提升党领导全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的能力水平，从根本上保证新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义伟大事业成功。

The Chinese Communist Party was born in response to the mission call of saving the nation from peril and realizing national rejuvenation. It has always used the Party’s self-revolution to continuously promote profound changes in Chinese society, pushing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation into an irreversible historical process, demonstrating the greatest advantage and unique dynamic logic of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution. Daring to engage in self-revolution enables the Chinese Communist Party to always stand on the people’s side, forever retain its vitality and vigor, bravely stand at the forefront of the times, and always maintain a high degree of consciousness in leading social revolution and advancing the great cause of national rejuvenation. This clearly demonstrates that the Chinese Communist Party is a unique mission-oriented party fundamentally different from Western parties of the private-interest, power-type, task-oriented kind, representing a major development in the theory and practice of modern party politics. On the new journey, the Chinese Communist Party, focusing on the central tasks of the New Era, with the spirit of reform, the firmness of governing the Party, and the sobriety of solving the unique problems of a large party, deeply advances the Party’s self-revolution, builds the Party into a strong leading core for upholding and developing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, continues to write the “new narrative” of leading social revolution through the Party’s self-revolution in the New Era, and profoundly interprets the use of the Party’s self-revolution to lead social revolution.

中国共产党应挽救民族危亡、实现民族复兴的使命呼唤而生，始终以党的自我革命接续推进中国社会发生深刻变革，推动中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程，彰显出以党的自我革命引领社会革命的最大优势和独特动力逻辑。勇于自我革命，使中国共产党始终站在人民立场、永葆生机活力、勇立时代潮头，始终保持引领社会革命、推进民族复兴伟业的高度自觉，鲜明昭示出中国共产党是根本区别于西方那些私利性、权力型、任务式政党的独特使命型政党，是对现代政党政治理论与实践的重大发展。新征程上，中国共产党聚焦新时代中心任务，以改革的精神、管党治党的坚定、解决大党独有难题的清醒，深入推进党的自我革命，把党建设成为新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心，续写了新时代以党的自我革命引领社会革命的“新叙事”，深刻诠释了以党的自我革命引领社会现

(Author’s brief introduction: Zhang Li, Associate Professor, School of Marxism, Huazhong Agricultural University)

（作者简介：张丽，华中农业大学马克思主义学院副教授）

Online editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆