Resolutely Fight the Tough, Protracted, and All-Out Battle Against Corruption

General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly stated at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection that we must resolutely fight the tough, protracted, and all-out battle against corruption. "Tough" means gnawing at hard bones and fighting a war of annihilation; "protracted" means it is not a one-day effort and requires persistent tenacity of forever being on the road; "all-out" means systematic governance and comprehensive application of force. The proposal of the tough, protracted, and all-out battle reflects our Party's scientific judgment of the anti-corruption situation and its profound insight into the laws of anti-corruption struggle. It will guide us to victory in this major political struggle against corruption, a struggle that cannot be lost and must not be lost. To carry out the most thorough self-revolution to the end and ensure that the Party never changes its nature, color, or flavor, we need to understand why we must fight, why we can fight, and how to advance the tough, protracted, and all-out battle against corruption. This will enhance the initiative, scientific approach, and firmness in advancing the anti-corruption struggle, ensuring that the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection is fully understood and its tasks are fully implemented.

习近平总书记在二十届中央纪委四次全会上明确提出，要坚决打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战。攻坚，意味着啃硬骨头、打歼灭战；持久，意味着非一日之功、必须保持永远在路上的坚韧执着；总体，意味着系统施治、综合用力。攻坚战、持久战、总体战的提出，体现了我们党对反腐败斗争形势的科学判断、对反腐败斗争规律的深刻洞察，将指引我们赢得反腐败斗争这场输不起也决不能输的重大政治斗争的胜利。把最彻底的自我革命搞彻底，确保党始终不变质、不变色、不变味，需要我们弄清楚为什么要、为什么能、怎么推进反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战，增强推进反腐败斗争的主动性、科学性、坚定性，把二十届中央纪委四次全会精神领会到位、任务落实到位。

Clearly Understand the Situation and Tasks of the Anti-Corruption Struggle

清醒认识反腐败斗争的形势任务

How the anti-corruption battle is fought and how it is fought well is determined by the anti-corruption situation and tasks, and is decided by the grasp of the characteristics and patterns of corruption's emergence and spread. Currently, the severity, stubbornness, and recurrence of corruption problems, along with the long-term, complex, and arduous nature of the anti-corruption struggle, determine that the anti-corruption battle must be fought as a tough, protracted, and all-out battle.

反腐败之战怎么打、怎样打好，是根据反腐败形势任务来确立的，是由对腐败滋生蔓延特点规律把握情况决定的。当前，腐败问题的严重性、顽固性、反复性，反腐败斗争的长期性、复杂性、艰巨性，决定反腐败斗争必须打攻坚战、持久战、总体战。

The anti-corruption struggle is arduous, so a tough battle must be fought. Entering the New Era, in the face of prominent problems in Party conduct, clean governance, and the anti-corruption struggle, our Party, with a high degree of self-awareness for self-revolution, has advanced comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and the anti-corruption struggle, solving one problem after another and capturing one stronghold after another. The intensity is unprecedented, and the results are evident to all. However, the current anti-corruption situation remains severe and complex. The task of eradicating the soil and conditions for corruption remains arduous and heavy. The stock of corruption has not yet been cleared, and the increment continues to occur. In particular, corruption involving collusion between government and business endangers the security of state power; corruption among "top leaders" and in key positions is frequent and prone to occur; sectors such as finance, state-owned enterprises, energy, tobacco, medicine, sports, infrastructure projects, and bidding, where power is concentrated, funds are intensive, and resources are abundant, remain hard-hit areas of corruption; corruption around the masses persists despite bans; new types of corruption and hidden corruption are constantly changing in form; and corrupt activities are becoming more concealed and complex. Overall, in terms of "dare not be corrupt," some people still act recklessly and do not stop despite high pressure; in terms of "cannot be corrupt," there are still many institutional and mechanistic shortcomings; in terms of "do not want to be corrupt," some people still have unstable ideals and convictions and a weak ideological defense line. The anti-corruption struggle still has many hard bones to gnaw. Only by maintaining the heroic spirit of "the more dangerous the situation, the more we must advance" and the fighting spirit of "the brave wins when meeting on a narrow path," adhering to no forbidden zones, full coverage, and zero tolerance, adhering to heavy deterrence, strong high pressure, and long-term震慑, adhering to "hunting tigers," "swatting flies," and "hunting foxes," and adhering to resolutely punishing corruption wherever and in whatever field it is prominent, popping one abscess after another and pulling out one nail after another, can we consolidate achievements and maintain the strong momentum of anti-corruption.

反腐败斗争具有艰巨性，必须打好攻坚战。进入新时代，面对党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争的突出问题，我们党以自我革命的高度自觉，推进全面从严治党和反腐败斗争，解决一个又一个难题，攻克一个又一个碉堡，力度之大前所未有，成效有目共睹。但是，当前反腐败斗争形势仍然严峻复杂，铲除腐败滋生土壤和条件任务仍然艰巨繁重，腐败存量尚未清除，增量还在持续发生，尤其是政商勾连腐败危害国家政权安全，“一把手”和关键岗位腐败易发多发，金融、国企、能源、烟草、医药、体育、基建工程和招投标等权力集中、资金密集、资源富集领域仍是腐败重灾区，群众身边腐败禁而不绝，新型腐败和隐性腐败花样翻新，贪腐行为更加隐蔽复杂。总的看，不敢腐方面仍然有人肆意妄为、高压之下不收手，不能腐方面还有很多制度上、机制上的短板，不想腐方面仍然有人理想信念不坚定、思想防线不牢固，反腐败斗争依然有很多硬骨头要啃。只有保持“越是艰险越向前”的英雄气概和“狭路相逢勇者胜”的斗争精神，坚持无禁区、全覆盖、零容忍，坚持重遏制、强高压、长震慑，坚持“打虎”、“拍蝇”、“猎狐”，坚持哪个地方、哪个领域腐败问题突出就坚决惩治哪个地方、哪个领域腐败问题，一个脓疮一个脓疮戳破，一颗钉子一颗钉子拔除，才能巩固成果，保持反腐败的强大势能常在。

The anti-corruption struggle is long-term, so a protracted battle must be fought. Corruption is the result of the long-term accumulation and continuous fermentation of various adverse factors. The soil and conditions for corruption to breed are not formed overnight, and completely eradicating them cannot be achieved overnight, let alone once and for all. Looking back at Chinese history, many dynasties made efforts to refresh officialdom and oppose corruption in their early stages, but "those who start well are numerous, but those who finish well are few." [1]1 A classical allusion from Wei Zheng's memorial to Emperor Taizong of Tang, meaning that many start well but few finish well. As peace and stability persisted and governance lengthened, corruption problems often accumulated day by day, spread into a trend, became deeply entrenched and difficult to reverse, ultimately leading to the collapse of the dynasty, unable to escape the fate of "ren wang zheng xi." [2]2 A Chinese idiom meaning the ruin of a person and the end of a government, often used to describe the cyclical rise and fall of dynasties. Reality also repeatedly shows that corruption and power often go hand in hand. As long as the soil and conditions for corruption to breed still exist, corruption will not disappear. As long as one holds power, there is a risk of being corroded. Our Party has been in power for a long time. Various factors that weaken the Party's advanced nature and impair its purity exist at all times, and various dangers that violate the Party's original aspiration and founding mission and shake the Party's governing foundation are everywhere. The danger of passive corruption always exists. Our country emerged from a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and implements a socialist market economy and opening up. Under the influence of feudal remnants and capitalist production and lifestyle, negative cultures such as the official standard mentality, privilege mentality, the art of guanxi, and "thick black learning" [3]3 A reference to a cynical Chinese philosophy that advocates unscrupulous tactics for success, often associated with Li Zongwu's early 20th-century book. still have a market. Some cadres and the masses ideologically identify with and behaviorally conform to the "subculture" of corruption, habitually taking "special channels" and enjoying "special treatment" when encountering problems, becoming a hotbed for breeding corruption. These factors determine that the struggle between anti-corruption and corruption will be a long historical process. It cannot be expected that a few campaigns will completely solve all problems. Only by always maintaining strategic resolve and high pressure, never stopping for a single step and never retreating half a step, and abandoning the blind optimism of the "theory of quick victory," can we, through persistent and long-term effort, exchange for a clean and bright world.

反腐败斗争具有长期性，必须打好持久战。腐败是各种不良因素长期积累、持续发酵的结果，腐败滋生的土壤和条件不是一朝一夕形成的，彻底铲除不可能一蹴而就，更不可能一劳永逸。回看我国历史，许多朝代初期都在刷新吏治、反对腐败上作出努力，但“善始者实繁、克终者盖寡”，随着承平日久、执政愈长，腐败问题往往日积月累、蔓延成势、积重难返，最终导致王朝覆灭，难逃人亡政息的命运。现实也一再表明，腐败和权力往往相伴而生，只要腐败滋生的土壤和条件仍然存在，腐败就不会消亡，只要拥有权力就有被腐蚀的风险。我们党长期执政，各种弱化党的先进性、损害党的纯洁性的因素无时不有，各种违背党的初心使命、动摇党的执政根基的危险无处不在，消极腐败的危险始终存在。我们的国家脱胎于半殖民地半封建社会，又实行社会主义市场经济和对外开放，在封建残余思想和资本主义生产生活方式影响下，官本位思想、特权思想、关系学、厚黑学等消极文化仍有市场，一些干部、群众对腐败“亚文化”思想上认同、行动上趋从，遇事习惯走“特殊门路”、享“特殊照顾”，成为滋生腐败的温床。这些决定了反腐败与腐败的较量将是一个长期的历史过程，不能指望几场战役就彻底解决所有问题。只有始终保持战略定力和高压态势，一步不停歇、半步不退让，摒弃盲目乐观的“速胜论”，才能以绵绵用力、久久为功换来海晏河清、朗朗乾坤。

The anti-corruption struggle is complex, so an all-out battle must be fought. Corruption is a complex social phenomenon. Its existence is related to various factors such as economy, politics, society, history, and culture. It involves issues of political ecology, institutional systems, supervision systems, social psychology, and the spiritual realm of cadres. It has different characteristics and manifestations in different periods, stages, and fields. In particular, various causes are intertwined, various interests are complex, and various relationships are tangled. Therefore, the anti-corruption struggle is a systematic project. Piecemeal approaches or treating the head when the head hurts and the foot when the foot hurts cannot fundamentally solve the problem. The anti-corruption struggle must be advanced holistically rather than partially, and systematically rather than fragmentarily. Only by adhering to the policy and strategy of advancing the "three nones" [4]4 The "three nones" refers to the anti-corruption framework of "dare not be corrupt, cannot be corrupt, and do not want to be corrupt." in an integrated manner, deepening the exploration of effective carriers for the integration and fusion of the "three nones," strengthening "dare not" through rectifying conduct, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption, promoting "cannot" through improving institutional mechanisms, and stimulating "do not want" through ideological and political education, and by linking and coordinating the anti-corruption struggle with the Party's political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, conduct construction, discipline construction, and institutional construction, giving full play to the important roles of political supervision, ideological education, organizational management, conduct rectification, discipline enforcement, and institutional improvement in preventing and controlling corruption, and launching a "combination punch" and fighting an all-out battle, can we possess strong anti-corruption capabilities and use the anti-corruption "one foot higher" to overcome the corruption "one foot higher." [5]5 A Chinese saying meaning that the good prevails over the evil by a slight margin, here adapted to emphasize the superiority of anti-corruption measures. At the same time, everyone has a responsibility in rectifying conduct and opposing corruption. Whether it is the Party committee, the discipline inspection commission, or other relevant functional departments, they must all assume responsibility for building Party conduct and clean governance. Every Party member and cadre should abandon the mentality of "watching a show," continuously improve their own immunity while actively playing a role in preventing and opposing corruption. All members of society should also consciously enhance their awareness of the rule of law and rules, handle matters by seeking and relying on the law rather than by seeking people and relying on power, reduce opportunities for power rent-seeking, form a strong joint force of the entire Party and society to jointly advance the anti-corruption struggle, and make corruption universally condemned and have no place to hide.

反腐败斗争具有复杂性，必须打好总体战。腐败是一种复杂的社会现象，其存在与经济、政治、社会、历史、文化等多方面因素相关，涉及政治生态、制度体制、监督体系、社会心理、干部精神境界等方方面面的问题，在不同时期、不同阶段、不同领域具有不同特点和表现形式，特别是各种成因相互交织、各种利益错综复杂、各种关系盘根错节。因此，反腐败斗争是一个系统工程，零敲碎打、头痛医头脚痛医脚难以从根本上解决问题，必须整体而非局部、系统而非零碎地推进反腐败斗争。只有坚持一体推进“三不腐”的方针方略，深化探索“三不腐”贯通融合的有效载体，以正风肃纪反腐强化“不敢”、以健全制度机制促进“不能”、以思想政治教育激发“不想”，把反腐败斗争同党的政治建设、思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、纪律建设、制度建设贯通协同起来，发挥政治监督、思想教育、组织管理、作风整治、纪律执行、制度完善在防治腐败中的重要作用，打出“组合拳”，打好总体战，才能拥有反腐败强大能力，以反腐败的道高一丈克制腐败的魔高一尺。同时，正风反腐人人有责，无论是党委还是纪委或其他相关职能部门都要承担党风廉政建设责任，每名党员、干部都应抛弃“看戏”心态，既不断提高自身免疫力又在防腐反腐中主动发挥作用，全体社会成员也要自觉增强法治意识、规则意识，办事找法依法而不是找人靠权，减少权力设租寻租机会，形成全党全社会共同推进反腐败斗争的强大合力，让贪污腐败人人喊打、没有藏身之地。

The tough, protracted, and all-out battle against corruption is an organic whole with different emphases but internal unity. There is no issue of which battle is important and which is secondary, or which battle to fight first and which later. They need to be interconnected and coordinated to continuously enhance overall effectiveness.

反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战是各有侧重、内在统一的有机整体，不存在哪一战重要、哪一战次要，先打哪一战、后打哪一战的问题，需要相互贯通、协调推进，不断增强整体效能。

Deeply Grasp the Significant Advantages of Our Party in Advancing the Anti-Corruption Struggle

深刻把握我们党推进反腐败斗争的显著优势

The Party’s original aspiration and founding mission, its nature and purpose, its ideals and convictions, and its policies and propositions endow our Party with the powerful impetus and resolute will to fight the tough, protracted, and all-out battle against corruption; the anti-corruption struggle in the New Era has won the historical initiative of ensuring that the Party never changes its nature, its color, or its character, and has won the historical initiative of uniting and leading the entire people in the common struggle for building a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, laying a solid foundation and a favorable environment for fighting the tough, protracted, and all-out battle against corruption; the Party’s notable advantages in politics, ideology, organization, work style, discipline, and institutions provide strong support and a practical pathway for fighting the tough, protracted, and all-out battle against corruption. Together, these factors determine that our Party can, by fighting the tough, protracted, and all-out battle against corruption, excise the malignant tumor of corruption, purge the poisonous influence, eliminate the source of the poison, and achieve a thorough cure. Overall, in deepening the anti-corruption struggle, our Party mainly possesses the following notable advantages.

党的初心使命、性质宗旨、理想信念、政策主张，赋予我们党打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战强大动力和坚强意志；新时代反腐败斗争赢得了确保党不变质、不变色、不变味的历史主动，赢得了党团结带领全体人民为强国建设、民族复兴伟业共同奋斗的历史主动，为打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战奠定了坚实基础和良好环境；党在政治、思想、组织、作风、纪律、制度等方面的显著优势，为打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战提供了有力支撑和现实路径。这些共同决定了我们党能够通过打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战，割除腐败毒瘤，肃清流毒、清除毒源，实现彻底根治。总体而言，深入开展反腐败斗争，我们党主要有以下显著优势。

There is a strong leading core. A strong leading core is the fundamental guarantee for the anti-corruption struggle to continuously advance from victory to victory. In the period before the 18th National Congress of the CPC, there were strong public reactions within and outside the Party to the problem of corruption, and many people were deeply worried. Entering the New

有坚强的领导核心。坚强的领导核心是反腐败斗争不断从胜利走向胜利的根本保障。党的十八大之前一段时间，党内和社会上对腐败问题反映强烈，很多人忧心忡忡。进入新时代，习近平总书记尖锐地指出，“腐败问题越演越烈，最终必然会亡党亡国”，并以力挽狂澜的担当、重典治乱的决心、壮士断腕的勇气带领党和人民进行前所未有的反腐败斗争，防止了党因腐败蔓延、“四风”肆虐、特权横行而变质褪色，防止了党被利益集团、权势团体渗透干预，维护了党的形象，巩固了红色江山。拥有坚强的领导核心是马克思主义政党成熟的重要标志，是马克思主义政党解决自身问题的强大力量。习近平总书记领航掌舵，不仅是新时代反腐败斗争取得显著成就的根本原因，也是打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战的最大底气、最大保证。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，沿着习近平总书记所指引的方向前进，就一定能不断取得反腐败斗争的更大胜利。

There is guidance from scientific theory. Possessing guidance from scientific theory is the magic weapon that enables our Party to always hold the initiative and the upper hand in the fight against corruption. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping, centering on the Party governing itself and exercising comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, has creatively put forward a series of original and landmark new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies. He has scientifically answered the major questions of the era concerning what kind of long-term Marxist governing party to build and how to build it, and systematically expounded on major issues such as why our Party must engage in self-revolution, why it can engage in self-revolution, and how to advance self-revolution. This has formed Xi Jinping’s important thought on Party building and Xi Jinping’s important thought on the Party’s self-revolution, greatly deepening our Party’s understanding of the laws governing the building of a Marxist political party and the laws governing the ruling of a communist party, and providing a powerful ideological weapon and a scientific guide to action for deeply advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and the fight against corruption. Particularly at every critical moment and important juncture in the fight against corruption, General Secretary Xi Jinping has delivered important speeches and made important instructions, scientifically assessing the situation, clearing away ideological confusion, and solidifying confidence in victory, pointing the direction for continuously deepening the fight against corruption. We adhere to the scientific guidance of the Party’s innovative theories, laying a solid ideological and theoretical foundation for the fight against corruption, and ensuring that the fight against corruption has sufficient momentum, firm will, clear direction, and good results.

有科学的理论指导。拥有科学的理论指导是我们党能够始终掌握反腐败斗争主导权主动权的制胜法宝。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记围绕党要管党、全面从严治党，创造性提出一系列具有原创性、标志性的新理念新思想新战略，科学回答了建设什么样的长期执政的马克思主义政党、怎样建设长期执政的马克思主义政党的重大时代课题，系统阐释了我们党为什么要自我革命、为什么能自我革命、怎样推进自我革命等重大问题，形成习近平总书记关于党的建设的重要思想、关于党的自我革命的重要思想，极大深化了我们党对马克思主义政党建设规律、共产党执政规律的认识，为深入推进全面从严治党和反腐败斗争提供了强大思想武器和科学行动指南。特别是每到反腐败斗争的关键时刻、重要节点，习近平总书记都发表重要讲话、作出重要指示，科学研判形势，廓清思想迷雾，筑牢必胜信心，为把反腐败斗争不断引向深入指明了方向。我们坚持以党的创新理论为科学指引，为反腐败斗争奠定坚实思想理论基础，保证了反腐败斗争动力足、意志坚、方向明、效果好。

There is the support and endorsement of the people. The future and destiny of a political party or a regime depend on popular support. The fight against corruption is not only a tough, protracted, and all-out battle but also a just war to maintain political integrity and consistently win the people’s hearts. Our Party’s greatest political advantage is its close ties with the masses; the Party has no special interests of its own other than the interests of the working class and the broadest masses of the people. Having no selfish interests gives rise to a thoroughgoing spirit of self-revolution, enabling the Party to seek fundamental and major benefits, to uphold truth and correct errors, and to dare to examine itself and constantly reflect on its own faults. Without concealing one’s illness for fear of treatment or glossing over mistakes, and by promptly discovering and resolving its own problems, the Party can forcefully counter the “encirclement” and corrosion by all interest groups, power blocs, and privileged strata. This is the secret to our Party’s ability to consistently maintain its advanced nature and integrity and win the people’s hearts, and it is also the source of our Party’s confidence in being able to thoroughly advance the fight against corruption. Popular support is the greatest politics. Our Party takes the combination of self-supervision and public supervision as the powerful driving force for the Party’s self-revolution, always acting for the people, relying on the people, and winning over the people. Thus, the fight against corruption has an incomparably solid backing and indestructible strength.

有人民的拥护支持。一个政党，一个政权，其前途命运取决于人心向背。反腐败斗争既是一场攻坚战、持久战、总体战，也是一场保持政治本色、始终赢得民心的正义战。我们党的最大政治优势是密切联系群众，党除了工人阶级和最广大人民群众的利益，没有自己特殊的利益。不谋私利就有了彻底的自我革命精神，就能谋根本、谋大利，就能坚持真理、修正错误，敢于检视自身、常思己过；不讳疾忌医、不文过饰非，及时发现和解决自身存在的问题，就能有力回击一切利益集团、权势团体、特权阶层的“围猎”腐蚀。这是我们党始终保持先进性和纯洁性、赢得民心的奥秘所在，也是我们党能够彻底推进反腐败斗争的底气所在。民心是最大的政治。我们党坚持以自我监督和人民监督相结合为党的自我革命的强大动力，始终为了人民、依靠人民、赢得人民，反腐败斗争拥有无比坚实的后盾和无坚不摧的力量。

There is a complete set of institutional mechanisms. Institutional issues are fundamental, overarching, stable, and long-term in nature. Without a sound system, and without confining power within the cage of institutions, corruption is difficult to control. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has embedded the construction of laws and institutions into every field of the fight against corruption and implemented it in every aspect of restricting and supervising power. By using cases to promote rectification and governance, identifying institutional loopholes, and remedying mechanism defects, and by formulating and revising a series of intra-Party regulations and national laws, such as the Code of Integrity and Self-Discipline, the Regulations on Intra-Party Supervision, the Regulations on Disciplinary Sanctions, the Regulations on Inspection Work, the Regulations on Accountability, the Regulations on the Protection of Party Members’ Rights, the Regulations on the Work of Discipline Inspection Commissions, the Rules on the Work of Accredited Institutions, the Supervision Law, and the Law on Supervision Officials, the power of laws and institutions has been fully unleashed in the fight against corruption. A supervision system that is unified under the Party’s leadership, comprehensive in coverage, authoritative, and efficient has been established, integrating intra-Party supervision with state organ supervision, democratic supervision, judicial supervision, public supervision, and media supervision to enhance the synergy of supervision. With the continuous improvement of the institutional normative system for the Party’s self-revolution, the progressive strengthening of the mechanism for restricting and supervising power, and the constant enhancement of the authority and enforcement of intra-Party regulations, our Party’s ability to resist corruption and prevent degeneration by relying on institutional mechanisms has been further elevated.

有完善的制度机制。制度问题带有根本性、全局性、稳定性和长期性。没有健全的制度，不把权力关进制度的笼子，腐败现象就难以控制。党的十八大以来，我们党把法规制度建设贯穿反腐败斗争各个领域、落实到制约和监督权力各个方面，以案促改、以案促治，查找制度漏洞，弥补机制缺陷，通过制定修订廉洁自律准则、党内监督条例、纪律处分条例、巡视工作条例、问责条例、党员权利保障条例、纪委工作条例、派驻机构工作规则及监察法、监察官法等一系列党内法规和国家法律，让法规制度的力量在反腐败斗争中得到充分释放。构建党统一领导、全面覆盖、权威高效的监督体系，把党内监督同国家机关监督、民主监督、司法监督、群众监督、舆论监督贯通起来，增强监督合力。随着党的自我革命制度规范体系不断完善，权力监督制约机制不断健全，党内法规权威性和执行力不断增强，我们党依靠制度机制拒腐防变水平进一步提高。

There is a wealth of prevention and control methods. In the practice of the fight against corruption in the New Era, we have insisted on combining punishment, rectification, and governance, and integrating supervision, case handling, and warnings. We have linked the investigation of disciplinary and legal violations with deepening reform, plugging loopholes, strengthening supervision, and enhancing education. We have insisted on “learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones and curing the illness to save the patient,” addressing problems early and nipping them in the bud, and fully leveraging the role of the “four forms”[6]6 The “four forms” (四种形态) refer to a graduated system of disciplinary measures within the CPC, ranging from criticism and education for minor issues to severe punishment for serious violations, designed to catch problems early and prevent them from escalating. in establishing multiple lines of defense. We have insisted on investigating both bribe-takers and bribe-givers simultaneously, intensifying efforts to crack down on bribery, and continuously cleaning up the “encirclement” that pollutes the political ecosystem. We have insisted on focusing on the “key minority,”[7]7 The “key minority” (关键少数) refers to leading cadres, especially senior officials, who hold significant power and are therefore the primary focus of supervision and anti-corruption efforts. making the “top officials” and leading cadres the focus of supervision, and striving to solve the supervision dilemma of “higher-level supervision being too distant, peer supervision being too soft, and lower-level supervision being too difficult.” We have insisted on integrating the pursuit of fugitives, prevention of flight, and recovery of stolen assets, continuously carrying out the “Sky Net Operation,”[8]8 The “Sky Net Operation” (天网行动) is a coordinated campaign launched by the CPC to pursue fugitives suspected of corruption and recover illicit assets, often involving international cooperation. effectively curbing the flight of personnel and the outflow of illicit funds. We have insisted on empowering the rectification of work styles and the fight against corruption with big data and information technology, strengthening supervision along the flow of funds and projects, continuously improving the penetrative power of supervision and the efficiency of case handling. The world-renowned achievements in the fight against corruption are a manifestation of our continuously enhanced capability in the fight against corruption, a demonstration of our Party’s strength, indicating that our Party’s understanding of the laws governing the fight against corruption is becoming increasingly profound, the institutional mechanisms for the fight against corruption are becoming increasingly complete, the means for the fight against corruption are becoming increasingly abundant, and the methods for the fight against corruption are becoming increasingly scientific. The experience accumulated, the skills honed, and the iron army forged in the fight against corruption in the New Era have become the confidence, faith, and powerful capability for us to fight the tough, protracted, and all-out battle against corruption.

有丰富的防治手段。新时代反腐败斗争实践中，我们坚持惩治、整改、治理结合，监督、办案、警示贯通，把查办违纪违法案件与深化改革、堵塞漏洞、强化监督、加强教育结合起来；坚持惩前毖后、治病救人，抓早抓小、防微杜渐，充分发挥“四种形态”层层设防的作用；坚持受贿行贿一起查，加大打击行贿力度，持续清理“围猎”这个政治生态污染源；坚持聚焦“关键少数”，将“一把手”和领导班子作为监督重点，着力破解“上级监督太远、同级监督太软、下级监督太难”的监督难题；坚持追逃防逃追赃一体，持续开展“天网行动”，有效阻遏人员外逃和赃款外流；坚持以大数据信息化赋能正风反腐，沿着资金、项目流向强化监督，监督穿透力和办案效能不断提高。反腐败斗争取得举世瞩目的成效，正是我们反腐败斗争能力不断增强的体现，是我们党有力量的体现，表明我们党对反腐败斗争规律性认识越来越深入，反腐败制度机制越来越完善，反腐败斗争手段越来越丰富，反腐败斗争方式越来越科学。新时代反腐败斗争积累的经验、练就的本领、打造的铁军，已经成为我们打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战的底气、信心和强大能力。

Unswervingly advance the fight against corruption in depth.

坚定不移把反腐败斗争向纵深推进

To fight the tough, protracted, and all-round battle against corruption, we must persist in advancing the integrated approach of ensuring that officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption, deepen both symptom treatment and root-cause governance, and implement systematic measures. We must continuously expand the depth and breadth of the anti-corruption struggle, apply targeted remedies, precise measures, and multiple approaches, so that recurring old problems gradually diminish and newly emerging problems find it difficult to spread, thereby promoting the normalization and long-term effectiveness of preventing and governing corruption. In concrete implementation, we must firmly grasp the principal contradiction and the principal aspect of the contradiction, adhere to the combination of problem orientation and goal orientation, and link symptom treatment with root-cause governance. We must focus on key points, fundamental issues, crucial links, and priorities, applying targeted therapy to achieve practical results.

打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战，要坚持一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐，深化标本兼治、系统施治，不断拓展反腐败斗争深度广度，对症下药、精准施治、多措并举，让反复发作的老问题逐渐减少，让新出现的问题难以蔓延，推动防范和治理腐败问题常态化、长效化。在具体推进中，要紧紧扭住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，坚持问题导向和目标导向相结合、治标和治本相贯通，抓要害、抓根本、抓关键、抓重点，靶向治疗、务求实效。

Strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the highest principle of Party leadership and also the highest principle for fighting the tough, protracted, and all-round battle against corruption. We must unify our thinking and actions with the accurate judgment of the situation and the scientific deployment of tasks by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, adhere to the Party's all-round and whole-process leadership over anti-corruption work, strictly implement the system of requesting instructions and reporting, and ensure that the Party Central Committee firmly grasps the leadership and initiative in rectifying work styles, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption. Party committees at all levels must effectively strengthen their leadership over anti-corruption work, resolutely support the investigation and handling of corruption cases, and tackle problems with genuine determination and thorough rectification. Discipline inspection and supervision commissions, as specialized agencies, must take on their responsibilities more proactively, effectively assist Party committees in organizing and coordinating anti-corruption work, and integrate the entire chain of anti-corruption forces. All functional departments must maintain efficient coordination and consciously translate the Party Central Committee's anti-corruption decisions and deployments into concrete actions.

加强党中央集中统一领导。坚持党中央权威和集中统一领导，是党的领导的最高原则，也是打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战的最高原则。要把思想和行动统一到以习近平同志为核心的党中央对形势的准确判断、对任务的科学部署上来，坚持党对反腐败工作全方位、全过程的领导，严格执行请示报告制度，确保党中央牢牢掌握正风肃纪反腐的领导权、主动权。各级党委要切实强化对反腐败斗争的领导，坚决支持查办腐败案件，动真碰硬抓好问题整改。纪委监委作为专责机关，要更加主动担起责任，有力有效协助党委组织协调反腐败工作，整合反腐败全链条力量。各职能部门要坚持高效协同，自觉把党中央反腐败的决策部署转化为具体行动。

Always maintain a high-pressure stance. Whether it is advancing the integrated approach of ensuring that officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption, or fighting the tough, protracted, and all-round battle against corruption, without the deterrent effect of punishment, governance will hardly achieve practical results. Only by unwaveringly adhering to the principle of severe punishment can we muster the strength for the assault, maintain an overwhelming momentum, upgrade tactical methods, and enhance overall effectiveness. We must adhere unwaveringly to the strict tone, never ceasing to punish corruption, always keeping the sword of Damocles raised, maintaining a powerful offensive, showing no leniency and resolutely investigating those who refuse to stop or desist, resolutely curbing the increase and reducing the stock of corruption, ensuring that the attitude remains unchanged, the determination undiminished, and the standard unrelaxed.

始终保持高压态势。无论是一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐，还是打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战，没有惩的威慑，治也难见实效。只有坚持严厉惩治这一手决不放松，才能组织起攻坚的力量，才能保持压倒性态势，才能升级战术打法、提升总体效能。要坚持严的基调不动摇，一刻不停惩治腐败，始终利剑高悬，保持强大攻势，对不收手不收敛的决不手软、坚决查处，坚决遏制增量、削减存量，做到态度不变、决心不减、尺度不松。

Strengthen supervision and checks on power. The essence of corruption is the abuse of power. In fighting the tough, protracted, and all-round battle against corruption, among thousands of methods, controlling power is the hard method; among thousands of laws, supervision and checks are the good laws. We must strengthen source governance, further deepen reform, enhance institutional construction, legally define power, scientifically regulate power, effectively check power, and comprehensively supervise power, building a full-chain, full-cycle mechanism for supervising and checking power, regulating discretionary power, and reducing opportunities for rent-seeking. We must continuously advance national anti-corruption legislation, improve foundational laws and regulations around the integrated approach of ensuring that officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption, perfect supporting systems for supervising "first-in-charge" officials [9]9 "First-in-charge" officials (一把手) refers to the leading official with primary responsibility in a Party committee, government department, or state-owned enterprise, who holds the highest authority and accountability within that unit. and leadership teams, and strengthen supervision and inspection of the implementation of key laws and regulations, ensuring unified adherence and unified enforcement.

强化权力监督制约。腐败的本质是权力滥用。打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战，千招万招，管住权力是硬招，千法万法，监督制约为良法。要强化源头治理，进一步深化改革，加强制度建设，依法设定权力、科学规范权力、有效制约权力、全面监督权力，构建起全链条全周期的权力监督制约机制，规范自由裁量权，减少设租寻租机会。持续推进反腐败国家立法，围绕一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐等完善基础性法规制度，健全加强对“一把手”和领导班子监督配套制度，加强重点法规制度执行情况监督检查，确保一体遵循、一体执行。

Persist in the simultaneous investigation and governance of work-style problems and corruption. The interweaving of work-style problems and corruption is a prominent issue that must be addressed in the current stage of Party building for clean governance and the anti-corruption struggle, and it is also a key issue that must be resolved in fighting the tough, protracted, and all-round battle against corruption. We must persist in linking the rectification of work styles, the enforcement of discipline, and the fight against corruption, using fine work styles as guidance, strict discipline as a guarantee, and anti-corruption and punishment of evil as a means to clear obstacles, adopting multiple measures to comprehensively eradicate the soil and conditions that breed corruption. We must strengthen a systematic perspective, establish holistic thinking, and advance the rectification of work styles and the fight against corruption in an integrated manner. Through "simultaneous investigation," we severely punish the intertwined problems of work-style issues and corruption; through "simultaneous governance," we eradicate the common roots of work-style issues and corruption. We must accurately grasp the chain of interests from work-style issues to corruption and build a work chain from corruption to the correction of work-style issues. We must deeply understand the characteristics and patterns of the transition from work-style issues to corruption, from quantitative change to qualitative change, and integrate the concept and requirements of simultaneous investigation and governance of work-style issues and corruption into all aspects of case investigation, rectification and correction, and warning education, forming a complete closed loop of case handling, governance, supervision, and education, using the connection of "investigation" and "governance" to block the evolution from work-style issues to corruption.

坚持风腐同查同治。风腐交织是现阶段党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争要着力解决的突出问题，也是打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战必须解决好的关键问题。要坚持正风肃纪反腐相贯通，以优良作风作引领，以严明纪律强保障，以反腐惩恶清障碍，多措并举全面铲除腐败滋生的土壤和条件。要强化系统观念，树立整体思维，一体推进正风反腐，以“同查”严惩风腐交织问题，以“同治”铲除风腐共性根源，把准由风及腐的利益链，构建由腐纠风的工作链。要深刻把握由风及腐、从量变到质变的特点规律，把风腐同查同治理念要求贯穿案件查办、整改纠治、警示教育等各方面，形成办案、治理、监督、教育的完整闭环，以“查”“治”贯通阻断风腐演变。

Continuously purify the political ecosystem. The political ecosystem is closely related to corruption. When the political ecosystem is good, the Party will be filled with righteousness, the probability of corruption occurring is low, and it is relatively easy to resolve; when the political ecosystem is poor, the Party will be rampant with evil influences, corruption will breed and spread, and its resolution becomes complex and difficult. To fight the tough, protracted, and all-round battle against corruption, we must make creating a clean and upright political ecosystem a foundational project, dredging its sources, nurturing its forests, cultivating healthy tendencies, consolidating the foundation, and persevering with unremitting effort over the long term. We must unremittingly strengthen and standardize political life within the Party, strictly enforce the Party's political discipline and political rules, and enhance the political nature, contemporary relevance, principled character, and combative spirit of intra-Party political life, so that Party members and officials regularly undergo "political check-ups" in intra-Party political life, sweep away political dust, and improve their immunity against corruption and degeneration. We must strengthen the construction of a clean culture in the New Era, guide Party members and officials to carry forward the Party's glorious traditions and fine work styles, pay attention to family values, family education, and family traditions, promote values such as loyalty and honesty, fairness and uprightness, seeking truth from facts, and integrity and incorruptibility, regard the abuse of power for personal gain and corruption as a great disgrace, and foster a social atmosphere that esteems integrity and clean governance, where integrity is honored and corruption is shameful.

持续净化政治生态。政治生态与腐败问题紧密相关。政治生态好，党内就会正气充盈，腐败发生的几率就小，解决起来也相对容易；政治生态不好，党内就会邪气横生，腐败问题就会滋生蔓延、解决起来错综复杂。打好反腐败斗争攻坚战、持久战、总体战，要把营造风清气正的政治生态作为基础性工程，浚其源、涵其林，养正气、固根本，锲而不舍、久久为功。要坚持不懈加强和规范党内政治生活，严肃党的政治纪律和政治规矩，增强党内政治生活的政治性、时代性、原则性、战斗性，让党员、干部在党内政治生活中经常接受“政治体检”，打扫政治灰尘，提高拒腐防变免疫力。加强新时代廉洁文化建设，引导党员、干部传承党的光荣传统和优良作风，注重家庭家教家风，弘扬忠诚老实、公道正派、实事求是、清正廉洁等价值观，把以权谋私、贪污腐败看成是极大的耻辱，推动形成崇廉尚洁、廉荣贪耻的社会氛围。

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心