The Spiritual Pedigree of Chinese Communists in the Perspective of Historical Progress: Theoretical Picture and Practical Significance

The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists is a condensed presentation of the rich spiritual world and advanced will and character of Chinese Communists, and a vivid reflection of the CPC’s more than one hundred years of struggle. How to understand the basic orientation of the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists in the long river of human history and its practical significance is an important prerequisite for continuing to excavate and promote its profound spiritual value in the New Era. Essentially, reflection on the historical positioning and practical significance of the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists should return to the fundamental question of “how spirit participates in the progress of history,” that is, “the historical positioning of spirit,” and examine the spiritual pedigree within a broad and dynamic historical perspective. By constructing a new worldview of historical materialism, Marx and Engels re-demonstrated and revealed the “legitimate relationship” between history and spirit, confirmed the role of spirit in historical progress, and their view of historical progress is an important theoretical approach for us to theoretically examine the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists.

中国共产党人精神谱系是中国共产党人丰富精神世界和先进意志品质的凝练呈现，是对中国共产党百余年奋斗历程的生动映射。如何认识中国共产党人精神谱系在人类历史长河中的基本定向及其现实意义，是新时代继续发掘和弘扬其深厚精神价值的重要前提。从本质上说，对中国共产党人精神谱系的历史定位及现实意义的思考，应当回归到“精神何以参与历史的进步”，即“精神的历史定位”这一本源性问题上来，将精神谱系置于广袤而动态的历史视野中进行考察。马克思、恩格斯通过建构历史唯物主义的新世界观，重新论证揭示了历史与精神的“合法关系”，确认了精神的历史进步作用，其历史进步观是我们从理论上透视中国共产党人精神谱系的重要进路。

I. The Reflection and Resetting of the Positioning of “Spirit” in the Marxist View of Historical Progress

一、马克思主义历史进步观对“精神”定位的反思与重置

The understanding of human history and its driving forces is one of the important issues that has received much attention and discussion in the history of human philosophy.

对于人类历史及其发展动力的认识问题，是人类哲学史上备受关注和探讨的重要问题之一。

In their investigation of historical progress, Marx and Engels revealed and criticized the speculative logic and teleological nature of the German classical philosophers represented by Hegel, who regarded history as the self-development of spirit. However, this does not mean that in the Marxist perspective, spirit is placed outside real history. On the contrary, the question of “how spirit is to be placed” was always a real concern of Marx and Engels, and it was an unavoidable starting point for their systematic construction of the philosophical edifice of “new materialism.” Through ontological reflection on and resetting of “spirit,” Marx and Engels stood on a new philosophical foundation and opened up a realistic developmental path for spirit’s participation in historical progress, thereby correcting the misreading or obscuring of the positioning of spirit in the process of historical development by old philosophy.

马克思、恩格斯在对历史进步的考察中揭示和批判了以黑格尔为代表的德国古典哲学家把历史看做是精神自我发展的历程的思辨逻辑与目的论性质。然而，这并不意味着在马克思主义的视野中，精神被置于真实的历史之外。相反，“精神何以安放”的问题始终是马克思、恩格斯关切的现实命题，更是其系统构建“新唯物主义”哲学大厦不可绕过的始源性基点。通过对“精神”的本体论反思与重置，马克思、恩格斯站在新的哲学起点之上，开辟了精神参与历史进步的现实性发展路向，从而纠正了旧哲学对历史发展进程中精神定位问题的误读或遮蔽。

(A) The Teleological Tendency of Speculative Philosophers in Explaining the Question of Historical Progress

（一）思辨哲学家阐释历史进步问题的目的论趋向

In human history, no discussion of historical issues can be separated from the interpretation of the question of spirit. Before Marx, philosophers generally identified “disembodied” spirit (whether subjective or objective) as the ultimate driving force of historical progress. The understanding of the concept of “spirit” mainly underwent a diachronic evolution from the transcendental, to the a priori, to the empirical. Among them, on the basis of critical inheritance of Kant’s mode of understanding, Fichte’s contentless thinking logic, Schelling’s irrationalism of “absolute identity,” and other ideas, Hegel opened up a philosophical path that unified history and spirit (even if this unity remained abstract and idealist). His dynamic dialectical explanation of the problem of historical driving forces also became an important theoretical source for Marx and Engels’ view of historical progress.

人类史上关于历史问题的探讨，无一能够离开对精神问题的诠释。在马克思以前，哲学家们普遍地将“无人身”的精神（或主观或客观的）指认为推动历史进步的最终动力，对“精神”概念的理解主要经历了由超验、先验到经验的历时态演进线路。其中，在对康德知性思维方式、费希特无内容的思维逻辑、谢林“绝对同一”的无理性主义等观念批判继承的基础上，黑格尔开辟了一条将历史与精神相统一（即使这种统一仍然是抽象唯心的）的哲学道路，其对历史动力问题的动态辩证阐释也成为马克思、恩格斯历史进步观的重要理论源头。

A tremendous sense of history is a distinctive feature that distinguishes Hegel’s mode of thinking from that of previous philosophers. The Australian scholar Peter Singer once commented: “However abstract and idealist the form he employs, his development of thought always runs parallel to the development of world history; indeed, the latter is said to be merely the verification of the former.” In *The Philosophy of History*, Hegel identified the essence of history as the development of spirit in time. The formation of world history is the process of “absolute spirit” pursuing self-knowledge in time; thus, historical progress is nothing but the “progress of the consciousness of ‘freedom’,” and the goal of historical progress is to make the idea of freedom a reality on both the subjective and objective levels. Hegel believed that the Oriental world was the freedom of one person, the Greek and Roman worlds were the freedom of a few, and the Germanic world was the freedom of all. Thereby, he elevated the Germanic spirit to the world-historical spirit, endowing “absolute spirit” with an objectified universal meaning—the highest rationality of human understanding. It can be seen that Hegel’s view of historical progress understands historical progress as the self-moving process of “absolute spirit” expressed in the form of ideas. Spirit is both the subject of history and the arbiter of historical progress, driving history to continuously approach the ultimate goal of realizing freedom—fully realizing self-consciousness in the idea, that is, attaining the self-awareness of “absolute spirit.” In Hegel’s analytical horizon of historical progress, “absolute spirit” became the ultimate driving force of all historical progress.

巨大的历史感是黑格尔的思维方式区别于以往其他哲学家的鲜明特征。澳大利亚学者彼得·辛格曾评价道：“无论所运用的形式多么抽象和唯心，他的思想发展总是与世界历史的发展相平行，事实上，后者据说只是对前者的验证。”在《历史哲学》中，黑格尔将历史的本质指认为精神在时间中的发展。世界历史的形成是“绝对精神”在时间中追求自我认识的过程，因而历史的进步无非是“‘自由’意识的进展”，历史进步的目标就是使自由的观念同时在主观与客观层面成为现实。黑格尔认为东方世界是一个人的自由，希腊世界、罗马世界是少数人的自由，而日耳曼世界是全体人的自由。由此，他将日耳曼精神上升为世界历史精神，赋予了“绝对精神”以客体化的普遍意义——人类认识的最高理性。可见，黑格尔的历史进步观将历史的进步理解为以观念的形式所表现出来的“绝对精神”的自我运动过程，精神既是历史的主体，又是历史进步的仲裁者，推动着历史不断趋近自由实现的最终目标——在观念中充分实现自我意识，即达到“绝对精神”的自觉。在黑格尔对历史进步的分析视界中，“绝对精神”成了一切历史进步的最终驱动力量。

It is undeniable that Hegel’s understanding of historical issues transcended the historical rationality of a priori logic with the historical reason of dialectical logic. However, according to this deductive path, “absolute spirit” inevitably returns to itself, and this irreversibility of spirit also contains Hegel’s teleological orientation and finalist conclusion regarding the understanding of history. Fundamentally, the speculative logical deductive path of Hegel’s view of historical progress never touched upon the real subject of history. Lacking a real foundation, a suspended “spirit” could not find its own position in real history, and thus could not release its real dynamic role in promoting historical progress. Engels pointed out sharply: “Thus history, like Hegel’s, is working unconsciously but necessarily towards a certain predetermined ideal goal—in Hegel’s case, the realization of his Absolute Idea—and the unwavering striving towards this Absolute Idea constitutes the inner connection of historical events. Thus, a new—unconscious or gradually becoming conscious—mysterious providence is substituted for the real, as yet unknown, connection.” Marx and Engels revealed the idealist essence and teleological presupposition of the view of historical progress of speculative philosophy represented by Hegel, found the real subject and source of driving force for historical progress, and thus reinterpreted the real relationship between historical progress and spiritual development.

不可否认的是，黑格尔对历史问题的理解以辩证逻辑的历史理性超越了先验逻辑的历史合理性。然而，按照这种演绎路径，“绝对精神”不可避免地会返回自身，这种精神的不可倒退性也内含了黑格尔对历史理解的目的论定向与终结论观点。从根本上来看，黑格尔历史进步观的思辨逻辑演绎路径始终没能关涉到历史的真正主体，缺失了现实根基的、悬浮的“精神”无法在真实的历史中找到自己的定位，从而无法释放出其推动历史进步的现实动力作用。恩格斯曾一针见血地指出：“这样看来，历史是不自觉地，但必然是为了实现某种预定的理想目的而努力，例如在黑格尔那里，是为了实现他的绝对观念而努力，而力求达到这个绝对观念的坚定不移的意向就构成了历史事变中的内在联系。这样，人们就用一种新的——不自觉的或逐渐自觉的——神秘的天意来代替现实的、尚未知道的联系。”马克思、恩格斯揭示了以黑格尔为代表的思辨哲学历史进步观的唯心论实质与目的论悬设，为历史的进步找到了真实的主体与动力来源，从而重释了历史进步与精神发展的现实关系。

(B) Marx and Engels’ Dialectical Reinterpretation of the Relationship between Objective Historical Progress and Spiritual Development

（二）马克思、恩格斯对客观历史进步与精神发展关系的辩证重释

On the basis of constructing a new materialist worldview, Marx and Engels revealed the real driving force, antagonistic essence, and regular tendency of historical progress, thereby restoring the “legitimate relationship” between history and spirit. In a letter to Marx in 1882, Engels generally confirmed the views of the German medieval historian Maurer on the origin and historical development of serfdom. At the same time, however, Engels also particularly pointed out Maurer’s deficiency in paying very insufficient attention to “violence and its role” in the process of historical development: “He has the ‘enlightened’ prejudice that since the dark Middle Ages there must have been continuous progress towards a better state of affairs. This not only prevents him from recognizing the truly antagonistic character of progress, but also from recognizing individual cases of retrogression.” In this letter, Engels emphasized the antagonistic essence of historical progress, in fact reiterating the view of historical progress he had held together with Marx since 1844: historical development is a process of contradictory antagonism in various aspects such as economy, politics, and culture; historical progress is not the product of pure spiritual logical deduction, but the product of real practice. So, how did Marx and恩格斯 penetrate the spiritual illusion of historical progress and re-elaborate the real relationship between history and spirit?

马克思、恩格斯在建构新唯物主义世界观的基础上，揭示了历史进步的现实动力、对抗本质及其规律趋向，从而恢复了历史与精神的“合法关系”。恩格斯在1882年写给马克思的信中，曾就德国中世纪历史学家毛勒关于农奴制的起源与历史发展的问题进行了观点上的总体确认。但同时，恩格斯也特别指出了毛勒对历史发展过程中“暴力及其作用”的注意非常不够的缺陷，“他具有‘开明的’成见，以为自从黑暗的中世纪以来必定会不断朝着更美好的方向进步。这不仅妨碍他认识真正进步的对抗性质，而且也妨碍他认识个别的倒退情况”。在这封信中，恩格斯强调了历史进步的对抗实质，实际上重申了他自1844年以来与马克思共同持有的历史进步观：历史的发展是经济、政治、文化等各个方面矛盾对抗的过程，历史进步不是纯精神的逻辑演绎的产物，而是现实实践的产物。那么，马克思、恩格斯是如何穿越历史进步的精神幻象，重新阐述历史与精神的真实关系呢？

Marx and Engels demonstrated the inner consistency of objective historical progress and human spiritual development. Spirit is neither outside history nor suspended above history; spirit itself is part of history: “Where history begins, spirit begins to arise.” Spirit cannot exist independently of humans and the objective world to become the sole driving force of historical progress. The progress of human history is a progress in which practice and spirit interact and are dialectically unified. Through the theoretical construction of historical materialism, Marx and Engels transcended the dualistic thinking of old philosophy that separated and opposed spirit and history, and that placed spirit beyond the real world of humans, finding the real foothold of historical progress—the practical activity of real people. And spiritual activity is a necessary aspect of human activity, thereby confirming the combined driving force of human spirit on historical progress.

马克思、恩格斯论证了客观历史进步与人类精神发展的内在一致性。精神既不在历史之外，也不悬置于历史之上，精神本身就是历史的一部分，“历史从哪里开始，精神就从哪里开始产生”。精神无法独立于人与客观世界之外成为历史进步的唯一推动力，人类历史的进步是实践与精神相互作用、辩证统一的进步。通过对历史唯物主义的理论构建，马克思、恩格斯超越了以往旧哲学将精神与历史分割对立、精神超脱于人的现实世界的二元思维，找到了历史进步的现实落点——现实的人的实践活动。而精神活动是人的活动的必然方面，由此确认了人类精神对历史进步的合力推动作用。

Furthermore, Marx and Engels found the subjective abode of spirit in the social-historical realm — “real individuals” — thereby confirming the subjective presence of historical progress. In *The German Ideology*, Marx and Engels, by revealing that “the first premise of all human history is, of course, the existence of living human individuals,” clarified that the subject of history is not “reason without a body” but real, living human beings. They criticized speculative philosophy for always discussing the inevitability of historical development apart from human circumstances, arguing that it endowed history with a mysterious power detached from humanity to exert external traction. In this way, historical progress was reduced to passive obedience to a predetermined goal of transcendental spirit, and the survival and development of human beings as the subjects of history were degraded into means for realizing the ends of history. Through a theoretical revelation of the social-historical character of spirit, Marx and Engels systematically expounded that human history, as a product of reality, is created by “real individuals” in the process of pursuing their own purposes. “History does nothing; it ‘possesses no immense wealth,’ it ‘wages no battles.’ It is man, real, living man who does all that, who possesses and fights; ‘history’ is not, as it were, a person apart, using man as a means to achieve its own aims; history is nothing but the activity of man pursuing his aims.” Just as “purpose” can only be human purpose, so too “spirit” can only be the spirit of real human beings to have historical significance.

进而，马克思、恩格斯在社会历史领域找到了精神的主体皈依——“现实的个人”，从而确证了历史进步的主体在场。在《德意志意识形态》中，马克思、恩格斯通过揭示“全部人类历史的第一个前提无疑是有生命的个人的存在”，阐明了历史的主体不是“无人身的理性”，而是现实的活生生的人。他们批判思辨哲学总是离开人的境遇去谈论历史演绎的必然性，认为它赋予了历史以某种脱离人之外的神秘力量去进行外部牵引，如此一来，历史的进步仅仅变成了对超验精神的既定目标的被动服从，作为历史主体的人的生存与发展被降为实现历史目的的手段。通过对精神的社会历史性的理论揭示，马克思、恩格斯系统论述了人类历史作为现实的产物，是“现实的个人”在追求自己目的的过程中所创造的。“并不是‘历史’把人当做手段来达到自己——仿佛历史是一个独具魅力的人——的目的。历史不过是追求着自己目的的人的活动而已。”同“目的”只能是人的目的一样，“精神”也只能是现实的人的精神才具有历史意义。

(3) Marx and Engels’s Real Confirmation of the Role of “Spirit” in Promoting Historical Progress

（三）马克思、恩格斯对“精神”的历史进步作用的现实确认

The evolution of the human spirit is an important component of historical formation and a vital driving force for historical progress. Historical materialism “explains all ideological forms from material practice,” emphasizing that the dynamic role of spirit can only be genuinely exerted through real productive activities. However, for a long time, there have been erroneous views that vulgarize historical materialism into “economic determinism” or “social fatalism.” These views distort the ultimately decisive role of economic factors in the “last instance” into the sole decisive role, criticizing Marx and Engels for denying the counteractive role of the superstructure beyond economic factors in the historical process, thereby excluding spirit from the driving forces of history. This is a serious misreading of historical materialism. In 1890, Engels clarified in a letter to Joseph Bloch: “According to the materialist conception of history, the ultimately determining element in history is the production and reproduction of real life. More than this neither Marx nor I have ever asserted. Hence if somebody twists this into saying that the economic element is the only determining one, he transforms that proposition into a meaningless, abstract, senseless phrase.”

人类精神的演进是历史生成的重要组成部分，也是推动历史进步的重要动力。唯物史观“从物质实践出发来解释各种观念形态”，强调精神的动力作用必须通过现实的生产活动才能得以真实地发挥。然而，长期以来一直存在着把历史唯物主义庸俗化为“经济决定论”“社会宿命论”的错误观点，这些观点将经济因素在“归根结底”意义上的最终决定作用歪曲为唯一决定作用，批判马克思、恩格斯否认历史进程中经济因素以外的上层建筑的反作用，从而把精神排除在历史的动力之外，这是对历史唯物主义的严重误读。1890年，恩格斯在致约瑟夫·布洛赫的信中澄清道：“根据唯物史观，历史过程中的决定性因素归根到底是现实生活的生产和再生产。无论马克思或我都从来没有肯定过比这更多的东西。如果有人在这里加以歪曲，说经济因素是唯一决定性的因素，那么他就是把这个命题变成毫无内容的、抽象的、荒诞无稽的空话。”

In fact, Marx and Engels never denied the active role of spirit in the process of historical progress. On the contrary, they criticized “old materialism [which] betrayed itself in the realm of history by regarding the spiritual driving forces operating there as ultimate causes, without investigating what lies behind them, what are the driving forces of these driving forces. The inconsistency lies not in the recognition of spiritual driving forces, but in the failure to trace them back to their causes.” In the view of historical materialism, historical evolution is the result of the interaction of various objective conditions and subjective factors. The wills of countless individuals, generated under different real conditions, interact with each other, forming countless “parallelograms of forces” that drive historical progress. “Each will contributes to the resultant force and is therefore included in it.” Through a systematic exposition of the resultant-force mechanism of historical progress, Engels reaffirmed the view of historical progress he shared with Marx: historical progress is the result of the interaction and dialectical unity of objective laws and subjective elements. The source of the driving force of historical progress is neither the purely material aspect nor the purely speculative spiritual aspect, but the dialectical resultant force formed by the economic base and the superstructure, practice and spirit. “The economic situation is the basis, but the various elements of the superstructure — political, legal and philosophical theories, religious views and their further development into systems of dogma — also exercise their influence upon the course of the historical struggles and in many cases determine their form in particular.” In this way, historical materialism, by finding “practice” as the real intermediary that combines the subjective and the objective, reversed the “inversion” of the relationship between history and spirit by speculative philosophers. Through a dialectical reinterpretation of the relationship between objective historical progress and spiritual development, Marx and Engels constructed a completely new view of historical progress, theoretically confirming the active progressive role of the human spirit in the historical process.

事实上，马克思、恩格斯从未否认过精神在历史进步过程中的能动作用。相反，他们批判“旧唯物主义在历史领域内自己背叛了自己，因为它认为在历史领域中起作用的精神的动力是最终原因，而不去研究隐藏在这些动力后面的是什么，这些动力的动力是什么。不彻底的地方并不在于承认精神的动力，而在于不从这些动力进一步追溯到它的动因”。在历史唯物主义看来，历史的演进是各种客观条件与主观因素交互作用的结果。在不同现实条件下生成的无数个人的意志交相作用，进而形成无数个推动历史进步的“力的平行四边形”，“每个意志都对合力有所贡献，因而是包括在这个合力里面的”。通过对历史进步的合力机制的系统论述，恩格斯重申了他与马克思共同持有的历史进步观：历史进步是客观规律与主观要素相互作用、辩证统一的结果。历史进步的动力来源既不是唯一的物质方面，也不是纯粹思辨的精神方面，而是经济基础与上层建筑、实践与精神所形成的辩证合力。“经济状况是基础，但是对历史斗争的进程发生影响并且在许多情况下主要是决定着这一斗争的形式的，还有上层建筑的各种因素……政治的、法律的和哲学的理论，宗教的观点以及它们向教义体系的进一步发展。”这样一来，历史唯物主义由于找到了“实践”这一主观与客观相结合的现实中介，把思辨哲学家对历史与精神关系的“本末倒置”重新颠倒过来了。马克思、恩格斯通过对客观历史进步与精神发展关系的辩证重释，构塑了一种全新的历史进步观，从理论上确证了人类精神在历史进程中能动的进步作用。

II. The Historical-Theoretical Picture of the Generation and Evolution of the Spiritual Genealogy of Chinese Communists

二、中国共产党人精神谱系生成与演进的历史理论图景

Spirit releases historical energy by guiding and promoting practical development. As a Marxist political party, the Communist Party of China, in its historical journey to promote national rejuvenation, consciously takes historical materialism as its theoretical weapon, actively transforms the subjective world in the process of transforming the objective world, achieves spiritual leaps in pursuing the historical goal of national rejuvenation, and forms a great spiritual genealogy that marks the spiritual imprint and growth trajectory of Chinese Communists. With its rich content forms, value connotations, and practical tendencies, the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists has left profound and specific historical positions and spiritual coordinates in different periods, becoming the perceptual presentation and historical testimony of the great practice of the Communist Party of China.

精神通过引领和推动实践发展而释放历史动能。中国共产党作为马克思主义政党，在推动民族复兴的历史征程中，自觉以唯物史观为理论武器，在改造客观世界的过程中积极改造主观世界，在追求民族复兴的历史目标中实现精神跃迁，形成了标识着中国共产党人精神印记和成长轨迹的伟大精神谱系。中国共产党人精神谱系以其丰富的内容形态、价值内涵与实践趋向，在不同时期留下了深刻而具体的历史定位与精神坐标，成为中国共产党伟大实践的感性呈现与历史见证。

(1) The Value Pursuit of Putting the People First Systematically Supports the Firm Spiritual Core of Chinese Communists

（一）人民至上的价值追求系统支撑了中国共产党人的精神内核坚定

The great spirits formed by Chinese Communists under different historical circumstances have a consistent value mainline. The spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists has been condensed in the great cause of seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation. In each historical stage of the generation and evolution of the spiritual genealogy, firm ideals and convictions and the value pursuit of living up to the people have always been the value genes flowing in the spiritual bloodline of Chinese Communists, forged into the entire framework of the spiritual genealogy, systematically supporting the strong and resilient spiritual core of Chinese Communists. This firm spiritual core is the prerequisite for ensuring that the Communist Party of China “does not change its nature, its color, or

中国共产党人在不同历史境遇下形成的伟大精神具有一以贯之的价值主线。中国共产党人精神谱系是在为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴的伟大奋斗事业中凝结而成的，在精神谱系生成、演进的各个历史阶段，坚定的理想信念和不负人民的价值追求始终是流淌在中国共产党人精神血脉中的价值基因，熔铸于精神谱系的整个脉络框架之中，系统支撑起了中国共产党人强大坚韧的精神内核。而坚定的精神内核则是确保中国共产党在任何情况下“不变质、不变色、不变味”的前提。

Value is the core support of spirit, and the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists possesses eternal vitality because of its value foundation of putting the people first. The highest ideal and fundamental nature of the Communist Party of China determine the value goals, value orientation, and value belonging of Chinese Communists. "The proletarian movement is the independent movement of the vast majority, for the interests of the vast majority." From the day of its founding, the Communist Party of China has taken the realization of communism as its highest ideal, the liberation of all humanity as its distant goal, and the achievement of national rejuvenation and the people's happiness as its historical mission. Putting the people first is the deepest value foundation and the brightest essential hallmark of the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists. It is embedded in all spiritual forms created by Chinese Communists in various historical periods, guiding and witnessing the starting point and ultimate goal of all activities of Chinese Communists, and supporting the systematic generation and innovative development of the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists. Whether it is the spiritual gene of fearing no sacrifice and fighting valiantly nurtured during the revolutionary war era, the spiritual theme of independence and self-reliance and hard struggle presented during the period of socialist revolution and construction, or the spiritual mainline of overcoming difficulties and daring to innovate carried forward since reform and opening up, all take the value sentiment of Chinese Communists of "selflessness for the people" as their central melody. Engels profoundly pointed out: "A party that knows its own purpose, and also knows how to achieve that purpose, a party that truly wants to achieve that purpose and possesses the tenacious spirit indispensable for achieving it—such a party will be invincible." In the more than 100 years of stormy journey of the Communist Party of China, precisely because the spiritual belief of putting the people first serves as the core support, the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists has remained solid, bright, enduring, and ever-new amidst the changes of history, and has continuously opened up new spiritual realms by using the source to expand new currents.

价值是精神的内核支撑，中国共产党人精神谱系因其人民至上的价值底色而具有永恒生命力。中国共产党的最高理想和根本性质决定了中国共产党人的价值目标、价值取向和价值归属。“无产阶级的运动是绝大多数人的、为绝大多数人谋利益的独立的运动。”中国共产党自成立之日起便以实现共产主义为最高理想，以解放全人类为远大目标，以实现民族复兴和人民幸福为历史己任。人民至上是中国共产党人精神谱系最深厚的价值底色和最鲜亮的本质标识，蕴藏于中国共产党在各个历史时期所创造的一切精神形态之中，引领和见证着中国共产党人一切活动的出发点和落脚点，支撑着中国共产党人精神谱系的系统生成和创新发展。无论是革命战争年代孕育的不怕牺牲、英勇斗争的精神基因，还是社会主义革命和建设时期呈现的独立自主、艰苦奋斗的精神主题，抑或是改革开放以来所沿袭的攻坚克难、勇于创新的精神主线，无一不是以中国共产党人“无我而为民”的价值情怀为中心旋律。恩格斯曾深刻地指出：“一个知道自己的目的，也知道怎样达到这个目的的政党，一个真正想达到这个目的并且具有达到这个目的所必不可缺的顽强精神的政党，——这样的政党将是不可战胜的。”在中国共产党走过的100多年风雨征程中，正是因为有了人民至上的精神信仰作为内核支撑，中国共产党人精神谱系才能在历史的流变中始终坚固澄亮、历久弥新，并以源流扩新流，不断开辟出新的精神境界。

The firm value core has built the spiritual fortress for the long-term governance of the Communist Party of China. This value foundation of being loyal to the ideal and living up to the people, which has been inherent in the CPC since its founding, has been deeply imprinted in the spiritual bloodline of generations of Chinese Communists through the test of blood and fire. With its powerful and enduring value appeal, it supports Chinese Communists in overcoming all difficulties and obstacles, creating a grand and unique practical innovation in human history. It can be said that the value pursuit of being loyal to the ideal and living up to the people, as the core value foundation, firmly supports the magnificent and rich spiritual landscape of Chinese Communists, reflects the spiritual core of Chinese Communists that penetrates history and remains unwavering, and reveals the spiritual world that generations of Chinese Communists have jointly guarded and continuously enriched.

坚定的价值内核构筑了中国共产党长期执政的精神堡垒。中国共产党自成立之初就蕴生的这种忠于理想、不负人民的价值基底，经过血与火的考验而深深烙印在一代代中国共产党人的精神血脉之中。它以强大而持久的价值感召支撑着中国共产党人跨越一切艰难险阻，开创了人类历史上宏大而独特的实践创新。可以说，忠于理想、不负人民的价值追求作为核心价值基底坚定支撑起了中国共产党人伟岸而丰厚的精神图谱，映射了中国共产党人穿透历史、矢志不渝的精神内核，展现了一代代中国共产党人共同守望、不断丰厚的精神世界。

(2) The complex movement of social contradictions in different historical periods horizontally gave rise to the richness of the spiritual qualities of Chinese Communists

（二）不同历史时期社会矛盾的复杂运动横向催生了中国共产党人的精神品质丰富

The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists is concretely generated in the historical activities of exploring national liberation and national salvation from subjugation, possessing a profound historical foundation and practical background. The movement of the basic contradiction of society is the fundamental driving force of historical progress. The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists was precisely nurtured, enriched, developed, and evolved in the great practice of responding to the complex movement of social contradictions in different historical periods. In the great practice of saving the nation from subjugation, spreading truth, mobilizing the masses, and organizing the Party, Chinese Communists tempered and generated the great founding spirit of the Party, which became the initial coordinate marking the spiritual growth of Chinese Communists. Taking the great founding spirit of the Party as the source and starting point, Chinese Communists, in the long-term practical struggle of solving the problems of the times and responding to the needs of the people, continuously gave rise to new spiritual tributaries, using the source to extend the tributaries, gradually converging into a spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists with rich forms and smooth veins.

中国共产党人的精神谱系是在探索民族解放、国家救亡图存的历史活动中现实地生成的，具有深厚的历史基础和实践底色。社会基本矛盾运动是推动历史进步的基本动力。中国共产党人精神谱系正是在应对不同历史时期社会矛盾复杂运动的伟大实践中不断孕育丰富和发展演进的。中国共产党人在救亡图存、传播真理、动员群众、组织建党的伟大实践中淬炼生成了伟大建党精神，成为标注中国共产党人精神成长的最初坐标。以伟大建党精神为源头和起点，中国共产党人在解决时代难题、回应人民所需的长期奋斗实践中又不断催生出新的精神支流，以源流拓支流，逐渐汇成了样态丰富、脉络流畅的中国共产党人精神谱系。

The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists, with the content elements of the great founding spirit of the Party as the source traction, has continuously created rich spiritual forms with the vitality of the times in different historical periods. Different spirits echo each other and are connected by blood, jointly building "a single piece of steel" that supports the spiritual world of Chinese Communists. From the overall perspective of the organic integration of knowledge, emotion, will, and action, the rich spiritual elements contained in the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists can be distilled into four core dimensions: "seeking truth, upholding faith, serving the people, and daring to act," which respectively correspond to the consistent essence and essentials of Chinese Communists in terms of ideological realm, will quality, value pursuit, and practical character. These spiritual elements have their most typical spiritual expressions in different eras, providing diverse and fresh nourishing elements for enriching the spiritual landscape of Chinese Communists. For example, the Jinggangshan spirit of "firm conviction, hard struggle, seeking truth from facts, daring to blaze new trails, relying on the masses, and daring to win" encompasses spiritual connotations integrating multiple elements such as revolutionary will, work style, and moral sentiment, but its most prominent aspect lies in the revolutionary pioneering spirit of combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete practice of the Chinese revolution. In the arduous and bitter struggle of spreading the spark of Jinggangshan across the country, Chinese Communists nurtured the revolutionary pioneering spirit of daring to blaze new trails, witnessing the establishment of the revolutionary subject consciousness of Chinese Communists. Since then, the spiritual gene of revolutionary pioneering has been forged into the bloodline of Chinese Communists, continuously inspiring new spiritual forms with changes in historical circumstances. In later great spirits such as the Zunyi Conference spirit, the Great Northern Wilderness spirit, and the Special Economic Zone spirit, there are profound responses and connotative developments to this initial revolutionary pioneering spirit. Another example is the Xibaipo spirit, born at the historical turning point of the Chinese revolution, with "two daring to" and "two musts" [1]1 "Two daring to" refers to daring to win victory and daring to seize the city; "two musts" refers to the two imperatives Mao Zedong raised at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee in 1949: comrades must remain modest, prudent, and free from arrogance and rashness, and comrades must remain hardworking and plain-living. as its most core content characteristics, prominently embodying the strategic boldness of Chinese Communists in seizing opportunities and making resolute decisions, and the moral self-awareness of maintaining sobriety in victory. This spiritual state of "taking the examination" [2]2 "Taking the examination" (赶考) is a metaphor Mao Zedong used when the CPC leadership moved from Xibaipo to Beijing in 1949, likening the transition from rural revolution to national governance to sitting for an imperial examination, implying a test of the Party's ability to govern. appears in different forms of expression in later spiritual types such as the Daqing spirit, the Westward Relocation spirit, and the Manned Spaceflight spirit in different periods, but they all commonly flow with the spiritual gene of being prepared for danger in times of peace and hard struggle, condensing the rich spiritual nourishment of the Xibaipo spirit.

中国共产党人精神谱系以伟大建党精神的内容元素为源头牵引，在不同历史时期不断创造了具有时代生命力的丰富精神样态。不同精神之间相互呼应、血脉相连，共同构筑了支撑中国共产党人精神世界的“一整块钢”。从知、情、意、行有机融通的总体视角来看，中国共产党人精神谱系所蕴藏的丰富精神元素可以提炼为“求真理、守信仰、为人民、敢作为”四个核心向度，分别对应着中国共产党人在思想境界、意志品质、价值追求和实践品格上一以贯之的精髓要义。这些精神元素在不同时代有其最典型的精神表达，为丰富中国共产党人的精神图景提供了多元鲜活的营养元素。例如，“坚定信念、艰苦奋斗，实事求是、敢闯新路，依靠群众、勇于胜利”的井冈山精神，涵盖了集革命意志、工作作风、道德情操等多个要素于一体的精神内涵，但最突出之处在于把马克思主义基本原理同中国革命具体实践相结合的革命首创精神。中国共产党人在以井冈山之火燎原全国的艰苦卓绝斗争中，孕育出了敢闯新路的革命首创精神，见证了中国共产党革命主体意识的确立。自此，革命首创的精神基因便熔铸于中国共产党人的血脉之中，随历史境遇的变迁而不断激发出新的精神样态。在后来的遵义会议精神、北大荒精神、特区精神等伟大精神中，都蕴含着对这种最初的革命首创精神的深刻回应与内涵发展。再如，诞生于中国革命历史转折时期的西柏坡精神，以“两个敢于”“两个务必”为最核心的内容特征，突出体现了中国共产党人抓住时机勇于决断的战略魄力和在胜利中保持清醒的道德自觉。这种“赶考”的精神状态在后来的大庆精神、西迁精神、载人航天精神等不同时期的精神类型中呈现为各自不同的表达样态，但都共同流淌着居安思危、艰苦创业的精神基因，凝结着西柏坡精神丰厚的精神滋养。

In general, the complex movement of social contradictions in different historical periods objectively promotes the continuous growth of the spiritual wisdom of Chinese Communists and the continuous expansion of their spiritual landscape. The diverse spiritual qualities generated by Chinese Communists under specific historical stages, special era circumstances, and particular problem challenges, although manifested as branch forms with different connotations in the overall spiritual pedigree, always adhere to the development vein with the great founding spirit of the Party as the source, and commonly flow with the red spiritual gene centered on patriotism. Various spiritual elements continuously extend new era connotations with historical progress and practical development, constantly enriching the spiritual landscape of Chinese Communists.

总的来说，不同历史时期社会矛盾的复杂运动客观上推动着中国共产党人的精神智慧不断增长、精神图景不断拓展。中国共产党人在特定历史阶段、特殊时代境遇、特别问题挑战下生成的多种多样的精神特质，虽然在整体的精神谱系中表现为内涵各异的分支形态，但都始终坚守着以伟大建党精神为源头的发展脉络，共同流淌着以爱国主义为核心的红色精神基因。各种精神元素随着历史进步和实践发展而不断延展出新的时代内涵，不断丰富着中国共产党人的精神图景。

(3) The dialectical movement of objective historical laws and historical subject spirit vertically led the spiritual growth of Chinese Communists

（三）客观历史规律与历史主体精神的辩证运动纵向引领了中国共产党人的精神成长

The Communist Party of China is a proletarian political party with Marxism as its fundamental guiding ideology, adhering to the progressive view of historical materialism, emphasizing that people create and develop history in the dialectical unity of grasping historical laws and exerting historical subjectivity. The CPC is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, the vanguard of the Chinese people, and the vanguard of the Chinese nation. Its advanced nature also determines that Chinese Communists naturally bear a more grand and arduous historical mission and national responsibility. It can be said that in the Communists, who have no special interests, the historical subject spirit of mankind has reached a new height. The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists is precisely a concentrated presentation and realistic expression of the historical subject spirit of the proletariat.

中国共产党是以马克思主义为根本指导思想的无产阶级政党，遵循历史唯物主义的进步观，强调人在把握历史规律与发扬历史主体性的辩证统一中创造和发展历史。中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队、中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，其先进性也决定了中国共产党人天然承担着更为宏大艰巨的历史使命与民族责任。可以说，在没有任何特殊利益的共产党人身上，人类历史主体精神达到了一个新的境界高度。中国共产党人精神谱系正是对无产阶级历史主体精神的集中呈现和现实表达。

Respecting historical laws and exerting the historical subject spirit, in dialectical unity, led the spiritual growth of Chinese Communists. The prerequisite for people to actively exert their historical subjectivity is the scientific cognition and accurate grasp of objective historical laws. The CPC deeply understands and masters the dialectical essence of Marxist historical dialectics. On the one hand, it highly respects the normativity and processuality of social historical progress, continuously summarizes the experience and lessons from the practice of revolution, construction, and reform, humbly learns from the masses, and forms precious spiritual wealth such as the Yan'an spirit, the Old Revolutionary Base Area spirit, and the Special Economic Zone spirit, with the core connotations of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and uniting the masses. On the other hand, the CPC exerts the historical subject consciousness of a mission-oriented party and a people-oriented party, uniting and leading the Chinese people to carry forward the historical subject spirit of independence and daring to act in various aspects such as path exploration, theoretical innovation, and practical creation. "In the long-term practice of leading revolution, construction, and reform, our Party has always adhered to independently exploring and opening up the path forward. This spirit of independent exploration and practice, this firm confidence and determination to take our own path, is the foothold of all our Party's theories and practices, and also the fundamental guarantee for the continuous victory of the cause of the Party and the people." It is precisely in the historical initiative of exerting the historical subject spirit and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation that Chinese Communists gradually formed the entire spiritual pedigree with the great founding spirit of the Party as its source.

尊重历史规律与发扬历史主体精神在辩证统一中引领了中国共产党人的精神成长。人能够能动地发挥历史主体性的前提是对客观历史规律的科学认知与准确把握。中国共产党深刻理解和掌握马克思主义历史辩证法的矛盾精髓，一方面，高度尊重社会历史进步的规范性与过程性，不断总结革命、建设、改革实践中的经验教训，虚心向人民群众学习，形成了以解放思想、求真务实、团结群众为核心内涵的延安精神、老区精神、特区精神等珍贵的精神财富；另一方面，中国共产党发挥使命型政党、人民性政党的历史主体自觉，团结带领中国人民在道路探索、理论创新、实践创造等各个方面发扬独立自主、敢于作为的历史主体精神。“我们党在领导革命、建设、改革长期实践中，历来坚持独立自主开拓前进道路，这种独立自主的探索和实践精神，这种坚持走自己的路的坚定信心和决心，是我们党全部理论和实践的立足点，也是党和人民事业不断从胜利走向胜利的根本保证。”中国共产党人正是在发扬历史主体精神，推进中华民族伟大复兴的历史主动作为中，逐渐形成了以伟大建党精神为源头的整个精神谱系。

Adhering to the practical wisdom of unifying respect for objective historical laws and exerting the historical subject spirit promotes the CPC to make long-term strategic foresight, sober strategic judgment, and firm strategic decisions at every crucial historical juncture by assessing the situation. The positive feedback from history and practice further continuously activates the subjective spiritual power of Chinese Communists, inspiring the continuous thickening of their spiritual emotions, the continuous growth of their spiritual motivation, and the continuous elevation of their spiritual realm, thereby vertically leading the spiritual growth of Chinese Communists.

坚持尊重客观历史规律与发扬历史主体精神相统一的实践智慧，推动着中国共产党在每个至关重要的历史关头都能够审时度势地作出长远的战略前瞻、清醒的战略判断和坚定的战略决断。历史和实践的正向反馈又进一步持续激活着中国共产党人的主体精神力量，激励着中国共产党人的精神情感不断加厚、精神动力不断增长、精神境界不断提升，从而纵向引领了中国共产党人的精神成长。

III. The Significance of the Spiritual Pedigree of Chinese Communists for Historical Progress

三、中国共产党人精神谱系的历史进步意义

The demonstration of the status of “spirit” in historical materialism and the practical explanation of its role as a historical driving force theoretically confirm that spiritual development is an important dimension of human historical progress. The spiritual character continuously tempered by the Chinese Communist Party through practical trials, its spiritual realm of pursuing transcendence, and its steadfast value orientation of serving the people have together constructed the rich and eternal spiritual home of Chinese Communists. This has left indelible historical marks not only in the history of the Chinese Communist Party but also in the history of the Chinese nation, the history of the socialist movement, and the history of human liberation, becoming an important spiritual driving force for advancing human historical progress.

历史唯物主义对“精神”地位的论证及对其历史动力作用的现实说明，从理论上确认了精神发展是人类历史进步的重要向度。中国共产党在实践考验中不断淬炼的精神品格、追求超越的精神境界和坚定为民的价值底色，共同构筑了中国共产党人丰富而永恒的精神家园，不仅在中国共产党历史上，而且在中华民族史、社会主义运动史和人类解放史上都留下了不可磨灭的历史印记，成为推动人类历史进步的重要精神动力。

(I) The Spiritual Genealogy of Chinese Communists Creates a Lasting Spiritual Driving Force for the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation

（一）中国共产党人精神谱系为实现中华民族伟大复兴创造了持久精神动力

The spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists is a solid spiritual defense line forged by the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese people through trials of blood and fire. With its “selfless” and steadfast lofty value core, it penetrates the finitude of historical stages and becomes a spiritual home long cherished and proudly upheld by the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese people. The Chinese Communist Party is the steadfast leader in realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The historical generation, evolution, and development of the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists provide an unyielding foundation of confidence and a source of strength for the Party and the people to work together in creating the great historical cause of rejuvenation. With a lasting spiritual impetus, it further consolidates social cohesion and national centripetal force, and in shaping spiritual belonging, it thickly builds the sense of community of the Chinese nation.

中国共产党人精神谱系是中国共产党和中国人民在血与火的考验中淬炼生成的坚固精神防线，以其“无我”而坚定的崇高价值内核穿透了历史阶段的有限性，成为中国共产党和中国人民长久珍护、引以为豪的精神家园。中国共产党是实现中华民族伟大复兴的坚定领导者，中国共产党人精神谱系的历史性生成与演进发展，为党和人民协心创造伟大复兴的历史伟业提供了一往无前的底气支撑和力量来源，以持久的精神动因进一步巩固了社会凝聚力和民族向心力，在塑造精神归属中厚筑了中华民族共同体意识。

From the perspective of the Chinese Communist Party’s history spanning more than a century, the history of the generation and evolution of the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists is precisely the arduous growth history of the Chinese Communist Party moving from immaturity to maturity, from a “single spark” developing into a “prairie fire.” [3]3 “A single spark can start a prairie fire” (星星之火，可以燎原) is a famous phrase from a letter written by Mao Zedong in 1930, expressing confidence in the revolutionary forces despite their initial small scale. The conscious, proactive, and persistent advanced spiritual driving force has forged the will quality and governing pursuit of Chinese Communists to remain true to their original aspiration and endure long-term efforts. The generation of each spirit within the genealogy is an important historical coordinate marking the Chinese Communist Party’s progress toward a new stage, and it continuously radiates new vitality through the promotion of the times and the practice of the people, bearing witness to the historical figure of Chinese Communists remaining true to their original aspiration and keeping their mission firmly in mind. The spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists proclaims the historical declaration of “what the Chinese Communist Party is and what it wants to do,” and contains a powerful and unchanging spiritual pursuit and ideological steadfastness, thus possessing infinite value that transcends the finitude of historical stages. The generation and evolution of the spiritual genealogy is an important component of the historical development of the Chinese Communist Party, providing a lasting spiritual impetus for successive generations of Chinese Communists to continue their struggle and advance steadfastly, constructing a powerful spiritual belonging that spans time and space.

从百余年的中国共产党历史来看，中国共产党人精神谱系的生成演进史就是中国共产党从幼稚走向成熟、由“星星之火”发展成“燎原之势”的峥嵘成长史。自觉主动、持之以恒的先进精神动力锻造了中国共产党人不忘初心、久久为功的意志品质和执政追求。谱系中每一种精神的生成都是中国共产党走向新的进步的重要历史坐标，又在时代发展和人民实践的弘扬中不断闪耀出新的生命活力，见证着中国共产党人不忘初心、牢记使命的历史身影。中国共产党人精神谱系昭示着“中国共产党是什么、要干什么”的历史宣言，内蕴着强大不变的精神追求与思想定力，因而具有超越有限历史阶段的无限价值性。精神谱系的生成与演进是中国共产党历史发展的重要组成部分，为一代代中国共产党人接续奋斗、坚定前行提供了持久的精神动因，构筑了跨越时空的强大精神归属。

From the perspective of the history of the Chinese nation’s development, the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists provides a “sense of home” of unity and struggle for the historical practice of the Chinese nation in pursuing the great rejuvenation, continuously consolidating and strengthening the sense of community of the Chinese nation. Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is not only the historical mission of the Chinese Communist Party but also the cherished dream of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation. Moving toward rejuvenation relies not only on material forces but even more on spiritual forces. The spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, guided by the common value pursuit of the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese people, consolidates through rich spiritual supply the identification of all ethnic groups in the country with the community of the Chinese nation, their common pursuit of the cause of national rejuvenation, and their steadfast identification with the great, glorious, and correct Chinese Communist Party. Its spiritual subjects are not only Party vanguards but also encompass all ethnic groups in the country, including revolutionary heroes, scientific luminaries, as well as people’s models and industry exemplars from the masses. The spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, through its red bloodline genes, tightly unites the Party and the people within a common spiritual home, composing the poetic epic of struggle in which all ethnic groups in the country, under the leadership of the Party, share a common goal and help each other, gathering a strong main force and providing a lasting spiritual impetus for realizing the great historical cause of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

从中华民族发展史来看，中国共产党人精神谱系为中华民族追求伟大复兴的历史实践提供了一种团结奋斗的“家园之感”，不断筑牢和巩固着中华民族共同体意识。实现中华民族伟大复兴不仅是中国共产党的历史使命，更是全体中华儿女孜孜以求的民族梦想。走向复兴不仅要依靠物质力量，更要依靠精神力量。中国共产党人精神谱系以中国共产党和中国人民共同的价值追求为精神向导，通过丰富的精神供给，巩固着全国各族人民对中华民族共同体的认同，对民族复兴事业的共同追求，对伟大、光荣、正确的中国共产党的坚定认同。其精神主体不仅仅是党员先锋，更涵盖全国各族人民，有革命英雄、科学大家，也有群众中的人民模范、业界典型。中国共产党人精神谱系以红色的血脉基因把党和人民紧紧团结在共同的精神家园之中，谱写着全国各族人民在党的领导下目标一致、守望相助的奋斗诗篇，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史大业汇聚了坚强的主体合力，提供了持久的精神动因。

(II) The Spiritual Genealogy of Chinese Communists Leaves a Unique Spiritual Imprint on the World Socialist Movement

（二）中国共产党人精神谱系为世界社会主义运动留下了独特精神印记

The spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists is a profound condensation of the spiritual wisdom and spiritual style of the Chinese Communist Party, manifesting the steadfast will quality of the Chinese Communist Party as a proletarian party and highlighting the unique spiritual temperament of the Chinese nation: tenacious and unyielding, self-reliant and self-confident, and embracing the world with a broad vision. As a systematic spiritual refinement tested through practice, the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, with its unique soil of generation, path of evolution, and form of development, injects rich spiritual resources of universal enlightening significance into the proletarian movements of countries around the world, providing powerful spiritual momentum condensed from Chinese experience for the leapfrog development of socialism from tradition to modernity.

中国共产党人精神谱系是对中国共产党精神智慧、精神风貌的深刻浓缩，彰明着中国共产党人坚定的无产阶级意志品质，彰显了中华民族坚韧不拔、自立自信、胸怀天下的独特精神气质。作为经过实践检验的体系化的精神提炼，中国共产党人精神谱系以其特有的生成土壤、演进路径和发展形态，为世界各国无产阶级运动注入了具有普遍启发意义的丰厚精神资源，为社会主义从传统到现代的飞跃发展提供了凝结着中国经验的强大精神动能。

The unique spiritual trajectory of the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, verified through practical trials, provides an enlightening spiritual model for the long-term development of other socialist countries in the world. The Chinese Communists’ unremitting exploration of backward countries independently embarking on a path to modernization, their profound grasp and flexible application of the laws of socialist governance and construction, and their great creation of and steadfast adherence to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics have successfully proven to the world the scientific nature of Marxism and the superiority of socialism, demonstrated the advanced leadership of the proletarian party and the great creative power of the proletarian masses, and strengthened the confidence and determination of the proletariat worldwide. The spiritual growth experience and spiritual development achievements contained therein, as an important component of the world socialist movement, provide a unique spiritual approach for the independent development and strengthening of other socialist countries in the world, playing an advanced guiding role in promoting the proletarian movement worldwide.

中国共产党人精神谱系在实践中考验印证的独特精神轨迹，为世界上其他社会主义国家的长远发展提供了启发性的精神样板。中国共产党人对落后国家独立走上现代化道路孜孜以求的探索，对社会主义执政规律、建设规律的深刻把握和灵活运用，对中国特色社会主义的伟大开创与道路坚守，成功向世界证明了马克思主义的科学性与社会主义的优越性，昭示了无产阶级政党的先进领导力和无产阶级人民群众的伟大创造力，坚定了世界各国无产阶级的信心和决心。其中所蕴含的精神成长经验和精神发展成果，作为世界社会主义运动的重要组成部分，为世界上其他社会主义国家的独立发展壮大提供了独特的精神进路，在推动世界各国无产阶级运动的过程中发挥了先进引领作用。

The spiritual confidence in daring to struggle and daring to revolutionize, condensed in the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, provides a glorious spiritual demonstration for the historical initiative of the proletariat worldwide. Xi Jinping once pointed out: “Daring to self-revolution is the most distinctive character of our Party and also our Party’s greatest strength.” [4]4 This quotation is from Xi Jinping’s speech at the celebration of the 95th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Communist Party on July 1, 2016. As the world’s largest Marxist ruling party, having traversed a glorious history of more than a century, governed the largest socialist country for over 70 years, and with more than 99 million members, the Chinese Communist Party can still maintain the sobriety and consciousness to solve the unique problems of a large party at all times, always maintain an uplifting and striving spiritual state, and call on the entire Party to carry forward the spirit of struggle, enhance the ability to struggle, and forge the character of struggle. This forms a sharp contrast in realm with many political parties in the world. It is precisely by maintaining this high degree of self-discipline in self-revolution in spirit that Chinese Communists can always maintain their unique vitality, opening up new realms of great social revolution through great self-revolution. The spiritual courage of “never declaring victory until complete victory is achieved” [5]5 “Never declaring victory until complete victory is achieved” (不获全胜、绝不收兵) is a common Chinese expression of determination, often used in official discourse to emphasize unwavering commitment to a goal. inherent in the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists opens up a new spiritual landscape for the world socialist movement under the new historical configuration, and also plays a profound role in guiding and inspiring the historical initiative of the proletariat worldwide.

中国共产党人精神谱系所凝聚的敢于斗争、勇于革命的精神底气，为世界范围内无产阶级的历史主动作为提供了光辉精神示范。习近平曾指出：“勇于自我革命，是我们党最鲜明的品格，也是我们党最大的优势。”作为一个走过百余年光辉历程、在最大的社会主义国家执政70多年、拥有9900多万党员的世界上最大的马克思主义执政党，中国共产党仍能时刻保持解决大党独有难题的清醒和自觉，始终保持昂扬奋斗的精神状态，号召全党发扬斗争精神、提高斗争能力、铸牢斗争品格，这与世界上很多政党形成了鲜明的境界对比。正是在精神上保持了这种自我革命的高度律己性，中国共产党人才能始终保持独特的生命活力，以伟大自我革命开创伟大社会革命新境界。中国共产党人精神谱系所内蕴的这种“不获全胜、绝不收兵”的精神魄力，为新的历史格局下世界社会主义运动开拓了崭新的精神图景，也为世界范围内无产阶级的历史主动作为发挥了深刻的引领激励作用。

(III) The Spiritual Genealogy of Chinese Communists Provides Precious Spiritual Resources for the Progress of Human Civilization

（三）中国共产党人精神谱系为人类文明进步提供了宝贵精神资源

Spirit is an important dimension of civilization. The spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists inscribes the profound and unique civilizational genes of the Chinese nation, upholds the guiding banner of Marxism, and fully manifests the spiritual consciousness and value pursuit of the Chinese Communist Party, the Chinese people, and the Chinese nation. It is an important component of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. With its profound spiritual genes, rich spiritual forms, and universal spiritual power, the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists provides precious spiritual resources for the progress of human civilization, leaving vivid spiritual imprints not only in the cultural history of the Chinese nation but also in the history of human civilization.

精神是文明的重要向度。中国共产党人精神谱系蕴刻着中华民族深远独特的文明基因，高扬着马克思主义的指导旗帜，充分彰显了中国共产党、中国人民和中华民族的精神觉悟与价值追求，是中华民族现代文明的重要组成部分。中国共产党人精神谱系以其深刻的精神基因、丰富的精神样态、普遍的精神力量，为人类文明进步提供了宝贵精神资源，不仅在中华民族文化史上，而且在人类文明史上都留下了生动的精神印记。

The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists, as an advanced spiritual achievement of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, enriches and expands the spiritual picture of the development and progress of human civilization. Spiritual traits are an important determinant that distinguishes one civilization from another. The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists is nurtured in the unique civilizational “root vein” (根脉) of fine traditional Chinese culture, while at the same time always adhering to the “soul vein” (魂脉) of Marxism, which possesses a modern attribute. Through the combined action of the “root vein” and the “soul vein,” it creatively generates a spiritual pedigree that is both scientific and truthful, and also possesses profound cultural heritage and a unique national temperament. It is precisely under the dynamic support of the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists, which possesses powerful spiritual strength, that generations of Chinese Communists have been able to manifest their will in times of peril, open up new situations in times of crisis, and lead the people in creating the new civilizational form of Chinese-path modernization. The distinctive spiritual markers, lofty spiritual pursuits, and profound value content contained in the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists mark the advanced spiritual achievements and unique civilizational charm formed by the Party and the people in the practical struggle of Chinese-path modernization, convey the profound sentiments and scientific beliefs of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation, realize the organic integration of tradition and modernity, thereby endowing human civilization with a new development horizon and enriching the spiritual forms that guide the progress of human civilization.

中国共产党人精神谱系作为中华民族现代文明的先进精神成果，丰富和拓展了人类文明发展进步的精神图景。精神特质是一种文明区别于其他文明的重要规定性。中国共产党人精神谱系孕育于中华优秀传统文化这一独特的文明“根脉”，同时又始终坚守马克思主义这一具有现代属性的文明“魂脉”。在“根脉”与“魂脉”的共同作用中创造性生发出了一种既具有科学性、真理性，又具有深厚文化底蕴、独特民族气质的精神谱系。正是在具有强大精神力量的中国共产党人精神谱系的动力支撑下，一代代中国共产党人才能于艰险处显意志，于危机处开新局，带领人民创造了中国式现代化的崭新文明形态。中国共产党人精神谱系所蕴含的鲜明精神标识、崇高精神追求、深刻价值内容等，标注着党和人民在中国式现代化奋斗实践中所形成的先进精神成果和独特文明魅力，传递了中华民族现代文明的厚重情怀与科学信仰，实现了传统与现代的有机交融，从而赋予了人类文明以崭新的发展视野，丰富了引领人类文明进步的精神形态。

The spiritual realm of embracing the world with an open and inclusive mind, as displayed by the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists, injects rich spiritual nourishment into the exchange, mutual learning, and equal development of world civilizations. At every historical stage of leading the Chinese people in arduous practical exploration, the Communist Party of China has always focused on and insisted on spiritual independence and self-reliance, completing the construction of a new type of civilizational view in the theoretical innovation that promotes the spiritual subjectivity of the people, thereby breaking the myth of Western-centrism such as the superiority of civilizations and the clash of civilizations. The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists, as the concentrated expression of the new type of civilizational view of Chinese Communists at the spiritual level, fully demonstrates the spiritual tolerance and broad-mindedness of Chinese Communists, who start from national responsibility while simultaneously pursuing the Great Harmony under Heaven (天下大同) and the beauty of harmony in diversity (美美与共). It contains the profound civilizational genes of the Chinese nation’s love for peace and harmonious coexistence, conveys the common aspiration of the Chinese people to respect civilizational differences, share civilizational achievements, and promote civilizational harmony, profoundly influences and guides the development pattern of different civilizational forms in the world from competition to co-prosperity, and contributes valuable spiritual resources and Chinese wisdom to the progress of human civilization.

中国共产党人精神谱系所展现的胸怀天下、开放包容的精神境界，为世界文明交流互鉴与平等发展注入了丰厚的精神滋养。中国共产党在领导中国人民艰辛实践探索的各个历史阶段，始终注重并坚持精神上的独立自主，在发扬人民精神主体性的理论创新中完成了新型文明观的建构，从而打破了对文明优越论、文明冲突论等西方中心主义的迷思。中国共产党人精神谱系作为中国共产党人新型文明观在精神层面的集中表达，充分彰显了中国共产党人从民族责任出发，同时追求天下大同、美美与共的精神气度和博大胸襟。其中蕴藏着中华民族热爱和平、和合共生的深远文明基因，传递了中国人民尊重文明差异、共享文明成果、促进文明和谐的共同向往，深刻影响并引导了世界上不同文明形态由竞争走向共荣的文明发展格局，为人类文明进步贡献了宝贵的精神资源和中国智慧。

(4) The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists enriches the perspective of lofty value for the free and comprehensive development of every individual

（四）中国共产党人精神谱系为每个人的自由而全面发展充实了崇高价值视角

The ultimate direction of historical progress is for human beings to achieve dual liberation in the sense of freedom in the process of transforming nature and transforming society. It can be said that the essence of historical progress is the question of human development, and the pursuit of the free and comprehensive development of all people is the fundamental value orientation of Marx and Engels’ theory of historical progress. With its broad spiritual connotation and pursuit of the highest good, the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists enriches the perspective of lofty value for the enrichment of the human spiritual world and the elevation of the spiritual realm, and provides profound value inspiration and spiritual enlightenment for the true realization of human essence. From the perspective of the history of human liberation, the generation of the spiritual pedigree and the continuous expansion of its influence are conducive to consolidating a more positive and optimistic spiritual state and a proletarian worldview among more people, promoting the liberation of human thought and spiritual independence.

历史进步的最终指向是人在改造自然和改造社会的过程中获得双重意义上的自由解放。可以说，历史进步的实质是人的发展问题，追求全部人的自由而全面发展是马克思、恩格斯历史进步论的根本价值旨归。中国共产党人精神谱系以其广阔的精神内涵和至善的价值追求，为人的精神世界丰富、精神境界提升充实了崇高价值视角，为人的本质的真正实现提供了深刻的价值感召和精神启发。从人类解放史的视角来看，精神谱系的生成及其影响力的不断扩大，有利于培固更多人积极乐观的精神状态和无产阶级的世界观，推动人类思想解放与精神自立。

The loftiness of value pursuit is a prominent trait of the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists. Loftiness, as an aesthetic concept, usually points to characteristics such as magnitude, greatness, and awe. The loftiness of value pursuit projected by the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists, on the one hand, originates from the firm belief in the truth, people-centeredness, and practicality of Marxism — the supreme value ideal of achieving human liberation and free and comprehensive development as the ultimate goal; on the other hand, it inherits the ethical self-consciousness of fine traditional Chinese culture. From the traditional political thought of “the people are the foundation of the state” (民为邦本) to the governing concept of “people-centered,” from the family-nation righteousness of “everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world” (天下兴亡，匹夫有责) to the responsibility of “building a community with a shared future for mankind,” from the sense of vigilance in times of peace to the bottom-line thinking of preventing and defusing major risks, all reflect the moral self-consciousness of Chinese Communists who are brave in self-examination and daring to take responsibility. Mao Zedong once pointed out: “Our cause is just. A just cause is one that no enemy can break through.” [6]6 Mao Zedong, “Opening Speech at the First Session of the First National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China” (September 15, 1954), in *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 5.

价值追求的崇高性是中国共产党人精神谱系的突出特质。崇高作为一个美学概念，通常指向巨大、伟大、使人敬畏等内涵特征。中国共产党人精神谱系所投射出的价值追求的崇高性，一方面来源于对马克思主义的真理性、人民性、实践性的坚定信仰——以实现人的解放与自由而全面发展为最终目标的至高价值理想，另一方面则承继于中华优秀传统文化的伦理自觉。从“民为邦本”的传统政治思想到“以人民为中心”的执政理念，从“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的家国大义到“构建人类命运共同体”的责任担当，从居安思危的忧患意识到防范化解重大风险的底线思维，无不体现着中国共产党人勇于自省、敢于担当的道德自觉。毛泽东曾指出：“我们的事业是正义的。正义的事业是任何敌人也攻不破的。”

The lofty value pursuit of “selflessness” (无我) displayed by Chinese Communists in the test of practice proclaims the greatness and justice of the cause of the Communist Party of China, and continuously forges and consolidates the strong will and quality of Chinese Communists, gradually forming the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists with a vast system and profound connotation.

中国共产党人在实践考验中所展现出来的“无我”的崇高价值追求昭示着中国共产党事业的伟大性、正义性，也不断熔铸和巩固着中国共产党人的坚强意志品质，逐渐形成了具有庞大支系和深刻内涵的中国共产党人精神谱系。

Reverence for loftiness and the pursuit of loftiness are important dimensions for humanity to achieve spiritual liberation and then move towards thorough and comprehensive liberation. The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists is not only a powerful spiritual driving force for the Chinese people to overcome difficulties and create a better life, but also a precious spiritual resource for people of all countries to escape the oppression of capital and pursue true freedom, liberation, and comprehensive development. With its broad human-mindedness, full spiritual form, and profound value foundation, the spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists continuously inspires and cultivates people’s faith in lofty values and steadfastness in ideal causes, and also influences the value cognition and value choices of more and more people in the world. As Marx said: “Our cause will exist silently, but it will forever exert its influence, and facing our ashes, noble people will shed hot tears.” [7]7 Karl Marx, “Preface to the First Edition of *Capital*” (1867), paraphrasing a passage from the original German. The spiritual pedigree of Chinese Communists is precisely a profound embodiment of the lofty value of the great cause of the Communist Party of China. The spiritual content it contains and advocates enriches the perspective of lofty value for human spiritual progress and ideological liberation, thereby playing an important role as a spiritual driving force in the history of human liberation.

敬畏崇高、追求崇高是人类实现精神解放进而走向彻底的全面解放的重要维度。中国共产党人精神谱系不仅是中国人民跨越艰难险阻、创造美好生活的强大精神动力，更是世界各国人民摆脱资本压迫、追求真正自由解放和全面发展的宝贵精神资源。中国共产党人精神谱系以其宽广的人类胸襟、饱满的精神样态和深厚的价值基底，不断激励和培塑着人们对崇高价值的信仰、对理想事业的坚定，也影响着世界上越来越多的人的价值认知与价值选择。正如马克思所说的：“我们的事业将悄然无声地存在下去，但是它会永远发挥作用，而面对我们的骨灰，高尚的人们将洒下热泪。”中国共产党人精神谱系正是对中国共产党伟大事业的崇高价值的深刻体现，其所内蕴和倡导的精神内容，为人类精神进步、思想解放充实了崇高价值视角，从而在人类解放史中发挥了重要的精神动力作用。

Online editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆