The Mainstay: The Great Role of the Communist Party of China in the All-Nation War of Resistance

The Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was the longest, largest-scale, and most costly national liberation struggle waged by the Chinese people against foreign invasion in modern times, and it was also the first national liberation struggle to achieve complete victory. This great victory thoroughly shattered Japanese militarism’s scheme to colonize and enslave China, re-established China’s status as a major power in the world, and established a historical turning point for the Chinese nation as it moved from the deep crisis of modern times toward the great rejuvenation. Chinese Communists fought bravely on the very front line of the War of Resistance, supporting the hope of the Chinese nation for survival and salvation with their own political propositions, firm will, and exemplary actions, leading the correct direction of China’s resistance, and becoming the mainstay of the all-nation war of resistance and the national vanguard that seized victory in the war. The history of the War of Resistance proves that the Communist Party of China was an outstanding organizer and inspirer that united the strength of the entire nation, and was the strong core leading the Chinese people in their struggle for national independence and people’s liberation.

中国人民抗日战争是近代以来中国人民反抗外敌入侵持续时间最长、规模最大、牺牲最多的民族解放斗争，也是第一次取得完全胜利的民族解放斗争。这一伟大胜利，彻底粉碎了日本军国主义殖民奴役中国的图谋，重新确立了中国在世界上的大国地位，为中华民族由近代以来陷入深重危机走向伟大复兴确立了历史转折点。中国共产党人勇敢战斗在抗日战争最前线，以自己的政治主张、坚定意志、模范行动，支撑起中华民族救亡图存的希望，引领着中国抗战的正确方向，成为全民族抗战的中流砥柱、夺取战争胜利的民族先锋。抗战的历史证明，中国共产党是凝聚全民族力量的杰出组织者和鼓舞者，是领导中国人民争取民族独立和人民解放的坚强核心。

The most steadfast in defending national independence, the most resolute in safeguarding national interests, the most courageous in resisting foreign aggression

捍卫民族独立最坚定，维护民族利益最坚决，反抗外来侵略最勇敢

On the day after the July 7th Incident [1]1 "中流砥柱" (zhōng liú dǐ zhù): A four-character idiom literally meaning "a pillar in the midstream," used to describe a person or force that plays a crucial, stabilizing role in a difficult situation., the Central Committee of the CPC immediately issued a telegram, calling for an all-nation war of resistance and armed resistance against Japanese aggression. On August 1, 1937, Comrade Mao Zedong called on all officers and soldiers defending the nation to unite and fight a life-and-death struggle against the Japanese aggressors. He said: Comrades, prepare to set out for Hebei, prepare to go to the very front line of the resistance, bring our policies and methods here to all parts of the country, bring our determination to the very front line of the resistance! In August 1937, the main forces of the Red Army announced their reorganization into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army. Subsequently, the Eighth Route Army swiftly marched to North China and rushed to the front line of the War of Resistance.

七七事变发生的第二天，中共中央立即发表通电，号召实行全民族抗战，武装抗击日本侵略。1937年8月1日，毛泽东同志号召全国守土抗战的将士们一致联合起来，与日本侵略者作殊死斗争。他说，同志们，准备出发到河北去，准备到抗日的最前线去，把我们这里的方针与办法带到全国各地去，把我们的决心带到抗日最前线去！1937年8月，红军主力宣布改编为国民革命军第八路军。随后，八路军迅即出师华北，奔赴抗日前线。

However, after the July 7th Incident, although the Kuomintang moved toward resistance and formed a frontal battlefield to fight Japan, its determination to resist was never firm, and it vacillated between war and peace for a long time. Especially when the War of Resistance faced serious difficulties and the external environment did not meet its expectations, “peace” became an important consideration for it. The Japanese side, for its part, believed: “If anyone thinks that the China Incident can be resolved simply by reaching a negotiated settlement with Chongqing, that is a great mistake. According to our view, the true anti-Japanese force has always been consistently the Chinese Communist Party.” This can also illustrate from one side that the Communist Party of China was the supporting force that persisted in the War of Resistance.

而国民党在七七事变后，虽然走向抗战，形成了抗击日本的正面战场，但是抗战决心却一直不坚定，在战与和之间长期摇摆不定。特别是当抗战面临严重困难，而外部环境又不如其所想的时候，“和”就会成为其一种重要考量。日本方面即认为：“如果有人以为只要和重庆能够谈判成功，就可以解决中国事变，那是很大的错误。根据我们的见解，真正的抗日势力，始终一贯的是中国共产党。”这也可以从一个侧面说明中国共产党是坚持抗战的支撑力量。

As early as before the July 7th Incident, on July 16, 1936, when answering questions from the American journalist Edgar Snow, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: “China’s urgent task is to recover all lost territory, not merely to defend our sovereignty within the Great Wall. That is to say, the Northeast must be recovered. The same applies to Taiwan.” Snow further asked: “If the war drags on very long and Japan is not completely defeated, could the Communist Party agree to make peace and recognize Japanese rule over the Northeast?” Comrade Mao Zedong replied categorically: “No. The Communist Party of China, like the entire Chinese people, will not allow Japan to retain a single inch of China’s territory.” The Luochuan Conference [2]2 Tongxin (同心) is a common pen name used by editors on the website of Qiushi Journal (求是), the official theoretical journal of the CPC Central Committee. proposed that the Party should “stand on the very front line of the struggle.” On the front line of the War of Resistance, generals such as Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi, Zuo Quan, and Peng Xuefeng [3] died for their country, and numerous heroic groups emerged, such as the “Five Heroes of Langya Mountain” of the Eighth Route Army, the “Liu Laozhuang Company” of the New Fourth Army, and the eight female fighters of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. According to a Japanese battle report: “Of the 109,000 enemy corpses, the CCP army accounted for about half. However, among the 74,000 prisoners, the proportion of the CCP army was only 35 percent.” This is a vivid portrayal of the Chinese Communists’ fearlessness of sacrifice and heroic resistance.

早在七七事变前，1936年7月16日，毛泽东同志在回答美国记者斯诺的提问时就指出，“中国的迫切任务是收复所有失地，而不仅仅是保卫我们在长城以内的主权。这就是说，东北必须收复。这一点同样适用于台湾”。斯诺进一步问道：“假如战争拖得很长，日本没有完全战败，共产党能否同意讲和，并承认日本统治东北？”毛泽东同志斩钉截铁地说：“不能。中国共产党和全国人民一样，不容许日本保留中国的寸土。”洛川会议提出，党要“站在斗争的最前线”。在抗日前线，杨靖宇、赵尚志、左权、彭雪枫等将领相继殉国，涌现出八路军“狼牙山五壮士”、新四军“刘老庄连”、东北抗联八位女战士等众多英雄群体。据日本的一次战报统计记载：“十万九千具敌遗尸中，中共党军约占半数。而七万四千的俘虏中，中共党军所占的比率，则只有三成五。”这正是中国共产党人不怕牺牲、英勇抗战的生动写照。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Chinese Communists fought bravely on the very front line of the War of Resistance, supporting the hope of the Chinese nation for survival and salvation, and becoming the mainstay of the all-nation war of resistance!” In the face of brutal enemies, the Chinese Communists did not fear violence, resolutely resisted, fought to the end, and shed blood and sacrificed their lives to expel Japanese imperialism and establish an independent, free, and happy new China. This clear and firm attitude and spirit of resistance also played a huge role in inspiring and leading the broad masses and all sectors of society.

习近平总书记指出：“中国共产党人勇敢战斗在抗日战争最前线，支撑起中华民族救亡图存的希望，成为全民族抗战的中流砥柱！”在残暴的敌人面前，中国共产党人不畏强暴、坚决抵抗、血战到底，为驱逐日本帝国主义，建立独立自由幸福的新中国而流血牺牲，这种鲜明而坚定的抗日态度和精神，对广大民众和社会各界也发挥着巨大的鼓舞和引领作用。

Adhering to the line of all-nation resistance, formulating correct strategies and tactics

坚持全面抗战路线，制定正确战略策略

At the historical juncture of national crisis, the Communist Party of China, with its outstanding political leadership and correct strategic and tactical policies, made correct judgments about the war situation and its evolution, guiding the forward direction of China’s War of Resistance.

在民族危亡的历史关头，中国共产党以卓越的政治领导力和正确的战略策略，对战争形势及其演变作出正确判断，指引了中国抗战的前进方向。

After the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army and dispatched to the North China front, Comrade Mao Zedong repeatedly emphasized that the Eighth Route Army could only fight mobile guerrilla warfare in the mountains. On September 21, 1937, Comrade Mao Zedong telegraphed Comrade Peng Dehuai, pointing out that today’s Red Army “has its own special skill… that is truly independent and self-directed mobile guerrilla warfare in the mountains.” After achieving the victory at Pingxingguan [4], Comrade Mao Zedong again reminded the frontline commanders: “Our army should adhere to the established policy, using guerrilla warfare to coordinate with friendly forces… this policy should basically not be shaken.”

红军改编为八路军开赴华北前线后，毛泽东同志多次强调八路军只能进行山地游击战。1937年9月21日，毛泽东同志致电彭德怀同志，指出今日红军“有一种自己的拿手好戏……这就是真正独立自主的山地游击战”。取得平型关大捷后，毛泽东同志再次提醒前方将领：“我军应坚持既定方针，用游击战配合友军作战……基本不应动摇此方针。”

In 1938, under unfavorable war conditions, a mood of pessimism and despair appeared among some people within the country. But for the Chinese Communists, the course of the war became even clearer. Comrade Mao Zedong concentrated on writing *On Protracted War* and *The Strategic Problems of Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Warfare*. Among these, he accurately predicted the three stages and developmental forms of the all-nation war of resistance, and proposed the strategic policy of conducting protracted interior-line defensive warfare under conditions of enemy strength and our weakness, with guerrilla warfare as the main form, not giving up opportunities for mobile warfare under favorable conditions. He believed that dispersed guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, systematically presented through countless small battles, would transform into mobile warfare while assisting it, and ultimately tactical actions would open the door to strategy. Thus, Comrade Mao Zedong formulated a practical roadmap for the all-nation war of resistance: “Only by striving to fight more battles and win more victories, to consume the enemy’s forces; striving to develop guerrilla warfare, to confine the enemy’s occupied areas to the smallest possible scope; striving to consolidate and expand the united front, to unite the strength of the whole nation; striving to build new armies and develop new military industries; striving to promote progress in politics, economy, and culture; striving to mobilize the people from the ranks of workers, peasants, merchants, students, and all other sectors; striving to disintegrate the enemy army and win over enemy soldiers; striving for international propaganda to win international assistance; striving to win over the Japanese people and other oppressed peoples for assistance.” He also specifically mentioned the role of the Anti-Japanese National United Front, believing that the proclamation of the establishment of “the united front of the two parties” “opened a new epoch in the history of the Chinese revolution. This will exert a broad and profound influence on the Chinese revolution and will play a decisive role in defeating Japanese imperialism.” Under the banner of the Anti-Japanese National United Front, initiated by the Communist Party of China and based on Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, the people of the whole country unhesitatingly threw themselves into the torrent of resisting the Japanese aggressors.

1938年，在战局不利的情况下，国内一部分人中间出现悲观失望的情绪，而对于中国共产党人来讲，对战争的进程反而看得更清楚了，毛泽东同志集中撰写了《论持久战》和《抗日游击战争的战略问题》。其中，准确预见了全面抗战的三个阶段和发展形态，提出了敌强我弱条件下进行内线持久防御，以游击战为主、不放弃有利条件下的运动战的战略方针，认为敌后分散的游击战，通过无数小的战斗予以系统呈现，在辅助运动战的过程中向运动战转化，最终会由战术敲开战略的大门。由此，毛泽东同志为全民族抗战制定了切实可行的路线图：“惟有努力于作战多打胜仗，消耗敌人的军队，努力于发展游击战争，使敌之占领地限制于最小的范围，努力于巩固和扩大统一战线，团结全国力量，努力于建设新军和发展新的军事工业，努力于推动政治、经济和文化的进步，努力于工、农、商、学各界人民的动员，努力于瓦解敌军和争取敌军的士兵，努力于国际宣传争取国际的援助，努力于争取日本的人民及其他被压迫民族的援助。”他还特别提到了抗日民族统一战线的作用，认为“两党的统一战线”的宣告成立，“在中国革命史上开辟了一个新纪元。这将给予中国革命以广大的深刻的影响，将对于打倒日本帝国主义发生决定性的作用”。在中国共产党倡导建立的以国共合作为基础的抗日民族统一战线旗帜下，全国人民义无反顾投身到抗击日本侵略者的洪流之中。

Comrade Mao Zedong had long pointed out: “We advocate a total national revolutionary war of the entire people, which may also be called an all-nation war of resistance. Because only this kind of war of resistance is a mass war, and only it can achieve the goal of defending the motherland.” Mobilizing and organizing the Chinese people, who were in a state of disorganization, and turning the already launched war of resistance into a comprehensive, all-nation war of resistance, was the central key to winning the War of Resistance. In *On Protracted War*, he further pointed out that whether the war of resistance is won depends on the mobilization of the entire people in the second stage, “the deepest source of the great power of war lies in the masses.” Under the comprehensive mobilization of politics, economy, and culture, the Party, government, army, and people in the anti-Japanese base areas became one, continuously striking and consuming the Japanese

毛泽东同志早就指出，“我们主张全国人民总动员的完全的民族革命战争，或者叫作全面抗战。因为只有这种抗战，才是群众战争，才能达到保卫祖国的目的”。把处于无组织状态的中国民众动员和组织起来，使已经发动的抗战发展为全面的全民族的抗战，是争取抗战胜利的中心关键。在《论持久战》中，他进一步指出，抗战是否胜利取决于第二阶段全国民众的动员，“战争的伟力之最深厚的根源，存在于民众之中”。在政治、经济、文化的全方位动员之下，抗日根据地党政军民打成一片，不断地打击和消耗日军。习近平总书记指出：“敌后根据地军民广泛开展伏击战、破袭战、地雷战、地道战、麻雀战等游击战的战术战法，使日本侵略者陷入了人民战争的汪洋大海之中。”

The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was a great victory achieved through the unity and heroic struggle of the entire nation. In this process, the Communist Party of China insisted on mobilizing the people and relying on the people, promoting the formation of the Anti-Japanese National United Front and the historical torrent of the all-national war of resistance. The Communist Party of China proposed and implemented a correct line of comprehensive resistance, adhered to the general strategic policy of protracted war, conducted independent guerrilla warfare, and adopted a complete set of flexible strategic and tactical methods of people's war, playing the role of a mainstay in the all-national war of resistance.

中国人民抗日战争胜利是全民族众志成城、奋勇抗战的伟大胜利。在此过程中，中国共产党坚持动员人民、依靠人民，推动形成了抗日民族统一战线和全民族抗战的历史洪流。中国共产党提出和实施正确的全面抗战路线，坚持持久战的战略总方针，进行独立自主的游击战，采取一整套灵活的人民战争的战略战术，在全民族抗战中发挥了中流砥柱作用。

The backbone force that persisted in the War of Resistance

坚持抗战的中坚力量

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “The Communist Party of China adhered to the line of total resistance, formulated correct strategies and tactics, opened up vast enemy rear areas, and became the backbone of the resistance.” During the War of Resistance, the people’s armed forces led by the Communist Party of China, with extraordinary courage and a firm and fearless revolutionary spirit, penetrated deep into the enemy’s rear. In the enemy rear areas, they grew and developed day by day, dealing increasingly heavy blows to the Japanese aggressors. After the war entered the stage of strategic stalemate, the enemy rear areas gradually rose to become the main battlefield of China’s War of Resistance; by the stage of the strategic counteroffensive, the enemy rear areas became the forward positions and strategic bases for the full-scale counteroffensive and the final victory of the War of Resistance.

习近平总书记指出，“中国共产党坚持全面抗战路线，制定正确战略策略，开辟广大敌后战场，成为坚持抗战的中坚力量”。抗战期间，中国共产党领导的人民武装以非凡的胆略和坚定无畏的革命精神深入敌后，在敌后战场日益发展壮大，给日本侵略者以越来越沉重的打击，进入战略相持阶段后，敌后战场逐步上升为中国抗战的主要战场；到战略反攻阶段，敌后战场成为全面反攻、争取抗战最后胜利的前沿阵地和战略基地。

Shortly after the Eighth Route Army marched into North China, it achieved the great victory at Pingxingguan [2]2 Tongxin (同心) is a common pen name used by editors on the website of Qiushi Journal (求是), the official theoretical journal of the CPC Central Committee., shattering the so-called “invincible” myth of the Japanese army, greatly boosting the confidence of the entire nation in the War of Resistance, and raising the prestige of the Communist Party of China and the Eighth Route Army. After entering the stage of strategic stalemate, the Japanese side pointed out more than once, “The object of public order in North China from now on is the Communist army”; “The focus of public order pacification should be placed on combat and suppression operations centered on exterminating the Communists”; “The focus of the area army’s suppression operations must be fully directed at the Communist army.” From August 20 to December 5, 1940, in order to smash the Japanese army’s “mopping-up” operations in the North China region, the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army deployed 105 regiments to launch the largest-scale active offensive since the war began against Japanese strongholds, railways, and highways, engaging in 1,824 battles with the Japanese army, killing or wounding 20,645 Japanese soldiers and capturing 281; killing or wounding 5,155 puppet troops and capturing 18,407. At this time, excluding the garrisons in Northeast China and Taiwan, the total strength of the Japanese army in China reached 728,000, of which in North China there were 9 divisions and 12 brigades, totaling 250,000 men, accounting for 34.3% of the Japanese invading forces in China.

八路军开赴华北不久，即取得了平型关大捷，打破了日军所谓“不可战胜”的神话，极大地振奋了全国军民的抗战信心，提高了中国共产党和八路军的声望。进入战略相持阶段后，日本方面不止一次地指出，“今后华北治安的对象是共军”；“治安肃正的重点，应放在以剿共为主的作战讨伐上”；“方面军的讨伐重点，必须全面指向共军”。1940年8月20日至12月5日，为粉碎日军在华北地区的“扫荡”，八路军总部动用105个团向日军据点、铁路、公路发起了作战以来最大规模的主动出击，与日军战斗1824次，毙伤日军20645人，俘虏281人；毙伤伪军5155人，俘虏18407人。这个时候，除在东北、台湾的驻军外，日军在中国总兵力达72.8万人，其中在华北有9个师团及12个旅团，总计25万人，占侵华日军34.3%。

The enemy rear areas led by the Communist Party of China gradually became the main battlefield of China’s War of Resistance. By the end of 1943, “the population of the base areas, including those bearing burdens on one side and those on both sides, had risen again to over 80 million, the army had again reached 470,000, the militia 2.27 million, and Party membership had developed to 900,000.” The enemy rear areas led by the Communist Party of China greatly pinned down the Japanese forces committed to the frontal battlefield, gradually turning their strategic offensive posture on the exterior line into a posture of being counter-encircled by multiple base areas. The Eighth Route Army’s local counteroffensives led to the further expansion of each base area, spanning the provinces of Shanxi, Hebei, Chahar, Shandong, Henan, Suiyuan, Rehe, and Liaoning, with a population accounting for about 60% of the total population of the North China provinces (Ye Jianying, “A Survey of the Eighth Route Army’s Seven Years of Resistance in North China,” *Ye Jianying’s Military Collected Works*, People’s Publishing House, 1996 edition, pp. 159–160). A battle report from the Japanese side noted: “The enemy is mostly the Communist army; the number of engagements is 15,000, and combat with the Communist Party’s army accounts for 75%.”

中国共产党领导的敌后战场逐渐成为中国抗日战争的主战场。1943年底，“根据地的人口，包括一面负担和两面负担的，又已上升到八千余万，军队又有了四十七万，民兵二百二十七万，党员发展到了九十万”。中国共产党领导的敌后战场大大牵制了日军投入正面战场的兵力，使其外线战略进攻态势，逐渐成为被多个根据地反包围的态势。八路军的局部反攻，使各根据地有了进一步扩大，跨越晋、冀、察、鲁、豫、绥、热、辽等省，人口占华北各省总人口60%左右（叶剑英：《八路军七年来在华北抗战的概况》，《叶剑英军事文集》，人民出版社1996年版，第159~160页）。日军方面的一次战报统计指出：“敌大半为中共军，交战回数一万五千次，与中共党军的作战占七成五。”

In 1944, Comrade Ye Jianying told a visiting delegation of Chinese and foreign journalists in Yan’an: “The army of the Communist Party of China has, on these three enemy rear battlefields of North China, Central China, and South China and in the fifteen anti-Japanese base areas, been waging an exceptionally cruel war of resistance, unimaginable to eyewitnesses, for seven years. It is thanks to these enemy rear battlefields that China was saved from being destroyed by the Japanese aggressors.” The attention paid by Chinese and foreign journalists to the Communist Party’s War of Resistance and their visit to Yan’an in itself demonstrated the important role played by the Communist Party of China in the War of Resistance. After on-the-spot investigation, the U.S. Observer Group also believed that “the Communist army, starting from almost nothing at the beginning of the War of Resistance, has not only survived but greatly increased its strength in a very large area of North China and Central China, and in those areas it continues to pin down a large number of Japanese troops.” Therefore, John S. Service reported to Roosevelt: “The Communist Party is certain to win in China.”

1944年，叶剑英同志向到访延安的中外记者参观团介绍说：“中国共产党的军队，就在华北、华中、华南这三个敌后战场与十五个抗日根据地上，进行异常残酷的非目击者所能想象的抗日战争至七年之久。赖有这些敌后战场，才挽救了中国免于被日寇灭亡。”中外记者对中共抗战的注意及到访延安，本身就说明了中国共产党在抗战中发挥的重要作用。美军观察组经过实地考察也认为，“共产党军队，从抗日战争开始几乎一无所有，在华北、华中一个很大地区里，不仅保存了下来，而且极大地增强了他们的实力，在那些地区里他们正继续牵制着大量日军”。因此，谢伟思向罗斯福报告：“共党在中国必然胜利。”

During the National War of Resistance, the Chinese Communists, with their own political propositions, firm will, and exemplary actions, upheld the hope of the entire nation for national salvation and led the correct direction for winning the war. The armed forces led by the Communist Party of China deeply carried out guerrilla warfare in the enemy’s rear, established and led 19 base areas covering nearly 1 million square kilometers, with a population of nearly 100 million, and annihilated and pinned down a large number of Japanese and puppet troops. This is also a concrete portrayal of the Communist Party of China’s role as the mainstay.

全民族抗战期间，中国共产党人以自己的政治主张、坚定意志、模范行动，支撑起全民族救亡图存的希望，引领着夺取战争胜利的正确方向。中国共产党领导的武装力量深入开展敌后游击战，建立并领导近100万平方公里的19个根据地，人口近1亿，歼灭和牵制了大量日军和伪军。这也是中国共产党中流砥柱作用的具体写照。

The mainstay role of the Communist Party of China was the key to the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance. The frontal battlefield commanded by the Kuomintang and the enemy rear battlefield opened up by the people’s anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Communist Party of China cooperated with each other, forming a situation of jointly confronting the enemy

中国共产党的中流砥柱作用是中国人民抗日战争胜利的关键。国民党指挥的正面战场与中国共产党领导的人民抗日武装开辟的敌后战场互相配合，形成共同对敌的态势。习近平总书记指出：“中国共产党领导开辟的敌后战场和国民党指挥的正面战场协力合作，形成了共同抗击日本侵略者的战略局面。中国人民抗日战争胜利是全体中华儿女勠力同心、以弱胜强的雄浑史诗，显示了中国人民和中华儿女坚不可摧的磅礴力量！”值得注意的是，在全民族抗战期间，中国共产党还多次呼吁世界上一切爱好和平民主的力量联合起来共同抵抗法西斯侵略，为建立国际反法西斯统一战线进行了长期不懈的努力。在世界反法西斯战争中，中国人民抗日战争开展时间最早、持续时间最长。中国的全民族抗战作为世界反法西斯战争的东方主战场，为世界反法西斯战争胜利作出了重大贡献。

(Authors: Zhang Taiyuan and Zhao Jinghan, both researchers at the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the Central Party School [National Academy of Governance])

（作者：张太原、赵静涵，均系中央党校〔国家行政学院〕习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心