Forge a Brighter Future through Unity and Struggle

“Unity and struggle are the only path for the Chinese people to create historic achievements.” This was first put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping on March 5, 2022, when he participated in the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia delegation at the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress, and was further elaborated and emphasized in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC. This is a major thesis that profoundly reveals the law by which the Chinese people create historic achievements. Adhering to Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism, this major thesis, with its deep historical vision, broad international perspective, and scientific mode of thinking, profoundly answers the major theoretical and practical questions of who creates China’s historic achievements and how they are created.

“团结奋斗是中国人民创造历史伟业的必由之路”，这是2022年3月5日习近平总书记在参加十三届全国人大五次会议内蒙古代表团审议时首次提出来的，在党的二十大报告中又加以深入阐述和进一步强调。这是一个重大论断，深刻揭示了中国人民创造历史伟业的规律。这个重大论断，坚持马克思主义的辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义，以深邃的历史眼光、宏大的国际视野、科学的思维方式，深刻回答了中国的历史伟业靠谁创造、怎样创造的重大理论和实践问题。

At present, facing an international situation where changes unseen in a century are accelerating, uncertainties and unstable factors are increasing day by day, and major-power games are becoming increasingly intense; facing arduous and heavy domestic tasks of reform, development, and maintaining stability; and facing major tests of various risks, challenges, and even stormy seas, an in-depth study of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major thesis and a profound grasp of its spiritual essence and practical requirements are of great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance for further rallying the mighty force of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China to unite and struggle, and for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

当前，面对世界百年未有之大变局加速演进、不确定不稳定因素日益增多、大国博弈日趋激烈的国际形势，面对国内艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，面对各种风险挑战乃至惊涛骇浪的重大考验，深入学习习近平总书记这个重大论断，深刻领会其精神实质和实践要求，对于进一步凝聚全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的磅礴力量，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。

I. Unity and Struggle Are the Most Significant Spiritual Symbols of the CPC and the Chinese People

一、团结奋斗是中国共产党和中国人民最显著的精神标识

A person cannot stand without spirit, and a country cannot be strong without spirit. Spirit is the backbone of a nation’s uprightness and the soul of a nation’s self-reliance. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Chinese nation has a history of one million years of humanity, ten thousand years of culture, and over five thousand years of civilization.” Looking at world history, Chinese civilization, with its state and history, has been passed down to the present day without interruption, which is unique among all countries and nations in the world. A bloodline running through the more than five thousand years of Chinese history is the great national spirit nurtured and nourished by Chinese civilization. The General Secretary has made comprehensive and profound expositions on the great national spirit, emphasizing: “The magnificent history of the Chinese nation’s development was written by the Chinese people! The profound and extensive Chinese civilization was created by the Chinese people! The enduring and ever-new Chinese national spirit was cultivated by the Chinese people!” “The great national spirit cultivated, inherited, and developed by the Chinese people through long-term struggle has provided a powerful spiritual driving force for China’s development and the progress of human civilization.” The General Secretary also specifically pointed out that the Chinese people are a people with a great spirit of creation, a great spirit of struggle, a great spirit of unity, and a great spirit of dreams. “Creation,” “struggle,” “unity,” and “dreams” form a four-dimensional whole, constituting the significant symbols of Chinese civilization and highlighting the distinctive characteristics of the great spirit of the Chinese nation.

人无精神则不立，国无精神则不强。精神是一个民族挺立的脊梁，是一个民族自强的灵魂。习近平总书记指出：“中华民族具有百万年的人类史、一万年的文化史、五千多年的文明史。”纵观世界历史，中华文明有国有史，传承至今，不曾中断，这在世界各国和各民族中是绝无仅有的。贯穿中华民族五千多年历史的一条血脉，就是中华文明滋养和培育的伟大民族精神。总书记对伟大民族精神作过全面而深刻的论述，强调：“波澜壮阔的中华民族发展史是中国人民书写的！博大精深的中华文明是中国人民创造的！历久弥新的中华民族精神是中国人民培育的！”“中国人民在长期奋斗中培育、继承、发展起来的伟大民族精神，为中国发展和人类文明进步提供了强大精神动力。”总书记还特别指出，中国人民是具有伟大创造精神、伟大奋斗精神、伟大团结精神、伟大梦想精神的人民。“创造”、“奋斗”、“团结”、“梦想”四维一体，构成了中华文明的显著标识，彰显了中华民族伟大精神的突出特质。

Chinese civilization gradually formed a “great river surging” from the “stars scattered across the sky” [1]1 “Stars scattered across the sky” (满天星斗) is a metaphor used by Chinese archaeologists to describe the diverse and multi-centered origins of Chinese civilization in the Neolithic period, before it gradually coalesced into a unified whole. of civilization’s gestation. From the “Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors” [2]2 “Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors” (三皇五帝) are a group of semi-mythical ancient Chinese rulers and cultural heroes who are traditionally credited with founding Chinese civilization before the Xia dynasty. to the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods to the Qin and Han dynasties, from the Three Kingdoms to the Two Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, from the Sui and Tang to the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, from modern China to contemporary China, over thousands of years of history, the Chinese people have always worked hard, invented and created, always reformed the old and innovated, constantly strived for self-improvement, always united as one and helped each other in times of difficulty, always harbored dreams and pursued them unremittingly, becoming a great people and a great nation through unity and struggle, and establishing and forming a great national spirit through creating dreams. This spirit has become the cultural bond that firmly links and closely embraces the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and the source of strength to overcome difficulties and forge ahead.

中华文明在文明孕育的“满天星斗”中逐渐形成了文明的“大河奔涌”。从“三皇五帝”到夏商周，从春秋战国到秦汉，从三国到两晋南北朝，从隋唐到宋元明清，从近代中国到当代中国，在几千年的历史长河中，中国人民始终辛勤劳作、发明创造，始终革故鼎新、自强不息，始终团结一心、同舟共济，始终心怀梦想、不懈追求，在团结奋斗中成为伟大的人民和伟大的民族，在创造梦想中创立和形成伟大民族精神。这个精神成为中国人民和中华民族牢牢维系、紧紧拥抱在一起的文化纽带，成为攻坚克难、砥砺前行的力量支撑。

On the west side square of the Museum of the Communist Party of China stand four groups of large-scale sculptures — *Faith*, *Great Undertaking*, *Tackling Difficulties*, and *Pursuing Dreams* — solemn, majestic, and full of power, telling the story of the CPC uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country in arduous and unremitting struggle. The picture shows a composite photo of the four groups of large-scale sculptures. Photo by Liu Xinwu

中国共产党历史展览馆西侧广场上矗立的《信仰》、《伟业》、《攻坚》、《追梦》四组大型雕塑，庄重巍然、充满力量，讲述着中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民艰苦奋斗、不懈奋斗的历程。图为四组大型雕塑拼版照片。 刘新武/摄

It must be particularly emphasized that patriotism is the core of the national spirit. The emotion of patriotism is based on the formation of a nation and the establishment of a state. The Chinese nation holds that “the family and the state share the same structure” and “the family and the state are one,” believing that “the family is the smallest state, and the state is composed of ten thousand families.” For thousands of years, the Chinese people have continuously cultivated, deepened, and passed on their profound feelings for the motherland. Patriotism has flowed in the blood of the Chinese nation since ancient times; it cannot be removed, broken, or extinguished. It has become the “national heart” and “national soul” of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, inspiring generations of Chinese sons and daughters to unite, struggle, and constantly strive for the development and prosperity of the motherland.

需要特别强调指出的是，在民族精神中，爱国主义是核心。爱国主义的情感是以民族的形成和国家的建立为基础的，中华民族“家国同构”、“家国一体”，认为“家是最小国，国是千万家”。几千年来，中国人民不断培育、加深和传承了人民对祖国的深厚感情。爱国主义自古以来就流淌在中华民族血脉之中，去不掉、打不破、灭不了，成为中国人民和中华民族的“民族心”、“民族魂”，激励着一代又一代中华儿女为祖国发展繁荣而团结奋斗、自强不息。

Unity and struggle not only run through the millennia-old and unbroken spirit of the Chinese nation but are also manifested in the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists, which originates from the great founding spirit of the Party. As the most united and most capable advanced political force, the CPC is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, as well as the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. Upon its founding, it established seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation as its original aspiration and founding mission. The fundamental purpose of the Party is to serve the people wholeheartedly, and its highest ideal is to realize communism. Because the CPC is a political party of this nature, the great founding spirit of the Party was formed. In his important speech at the ceremony marking the centenary of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping highly summarized and refined the great founding spirit of the Party, namely, “upholding truth and坚守 ideals, staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission, braving sacrifice and fighting with tenacity, being loyal to the Party and faithful to the people.” For over 100 years, the CPC has united and led the Chinese people in the long-term struggle of revolution, construction, and reform, carrying forward the great founding spirit of the Party, and establishing and forming countless spirits with specific connotations and special significance, constituting the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists. For example, the Jinggangshan spirit, the Soviet Area spirit, the Long March spirit, the Yan’an spirit, the War of Resistance spirit, the Xibaipo spirit, the spirit of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” spirit, the Lei Feng spirit, the Jiao Yulu spirit, the Daqing spirit (Iron Man spirit), the Red Flag Canal spirit, the reform and opening up spirit, the Special Economic Zone spirit, the flood-fighting spirit, the earthquake relief spirit, the manned spaceflight spirit, the model worker spirit (labor spirit, craftsmanship spirit), the poverty alleviation spirit, the anti-epidemic spirit, the “Three Oxen” spirit [3]3 The “Three Oxen” spirit (三牛精神) refers to the spirit of serving the people as a “willing ox,” pioneering and innovating as a “plowing ox,” and working hard and tirelessly as a “sturdy ox,” promoted by Xi Jinping., the scientist spirit, the lunar exploration spirit, the New Era Beidou spirit, and so on. These spirits have inspired the Party and the people to establish immortal historic achievements and create one miracle after another. In the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists, the precious spiritual quality of unity and struggle runs through it, becoming the most significant spiritual symbol of the Party and the people.

团结奋斗不仅贯穿在数千年绵延不绝的中华民族精神之中，而且彰显在以伟大建党精神为源头的中国共产党人精神谱系之中。作为最讲团结、最能奋斗的先进政治力量，中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，一经成立就把为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴确立为自己的初心使命。党的根本宗旨是全心全意为人民服务，党的最高理想是实现共产主义。因为中国共产党是这样一个性质的政党，所以形成了伟大建党精神。习近平总书记在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上的重要讲话中，对伟大建党精神进行了高度概括和提炼，这就是“坚持真理、坚守理想，践行初心、担当使命，不怕牺牲、英勇斗争，对党忠诚、不负人民”。100多年来，中国共产党团结带领中国人民在革命、建设、改革的长期奋斗历程中，弘扬伟大建党精神，创立形成了无数个具有特定内涵和特殊意义的精神，构成了中国共产党人的精神谱系。譬如，井冈山精神、苏区精神、长征精神、延安精神、抗战精神、西柏坡精神、抗美援朝精神、“两弹一星”精神、雷锋精神、焦裕禄精神、大庆精神（铁人精神）、红旗渠精神、改革开放精神、特区精神、抗洪精神、抗震救灾精神、载人航天精神、劳模精神（劳动精神、工匠精神）、脱贫攻坚精神、抗疫精神、“三牛”精神、科学家精神、探月精神、新时代北斗精神，等等。这些精神激励着党和人民建立了一个个不朽的历史伟业，创造了一个个人间奇迹。在中国共产党人的精神谱系中，团结奋斗的宝贵精神品质贯穿其中，成为党和人民最显著的精神标识。

II. The History of the Chinese Nation’s Development, the History of the CPC, the History of New China, and the History of Reform and Opening Up Are a History of Unity and Struggle

二、中华民族发展史、中国共产党历史、新中国史和改革开放史是一部团结奋斗的历史

The past, present, and future are interconnected. Taking history as a mirror, one can understand the past and foresee the future. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “History is the best textbook and also the best sobering agent,” and “The history of the Chinese revolution is the best nutrient.” Studying history allows one to understand the rise and fall; telling history can convince people; looking at history allows one to see the future. How did the Chinese people create historic achievements through unity and struggle? History needs to provide the answer. The history of the Chinese people’s unity and struggle has four dimensions, arranged by length of time and chronological order: first, the history of the Chinese nation’s development; second, the history of the CPC; third, the history of New China, i.e., the history of the People’s Republic of China; and fourth, the history of reform and opening up. The history of the CPC and the history of New China overlap, but each has its own emphasis and differences. The history of reform and opening up can be divided into two periods, with the 18th National Congress of the CPC as the starting point and marker, marking the beginning of the New Era of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

过去、现在和未来是相通的。以史为鉴，鉴往知来。习近平总书记指出，“历史是最好的教科书，也是最好的清醒剂”，“中国革命历史是最好的营养剂”。学历史，可以知兴替；讲历史，能够说服人；看历史，就会看到前途。中国人民是怎样在团结奋斗中创造历史伟业的？这需要让历史作出回答。中国人民团结奋斗的历史有四个维度，按时间长短和前后顺序排列：一是中华民族发展史，二是中国共产党历史，三是新中国史即中华人民共和国历史，四是改革开放史。中国共产党历史和新中国史有交叉重合，但各有侧重，又有区别。改革开放史可以划分为两个时期，以党的十八大为起点作标志，是中国特色社会主义新时代的开始。

The history of the Chinese nation is a history of constantly pursuing unity, struggling tirelessly, and creating brilliance. For a long time, the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, with their diligence, courage, and wisdom, have built and established their own country, standing tall in the East of the world, making indelible historical contributions to the progress of human civilization. Over the millennia of history, the Chinese people established a unified multi-ethnic state, developed a harmonious ethnic relationship of diversity in unity and interweaving integration, and formed a large family of the Chinese nation that helps one another. Especially after modern times, under the severe situation of fierce foreign aggression and pressing calamities, the people of all ethnic groups in our country, hand in hand and shoulder to shoulder, fought bravely and bloodily, defeated all heinous aggressors, defended national independence and freedom, and jointly wrote the magnificent epic of the Chinese nation defending the motherland and resisting foreign aggression. The Chinese nation has moved from history to the future, from tradition to modernity, and from diversity to unity, demonstrating its unique laws of formation and development. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “All ethnic groups in our country jointly opened up the vast territory of the motherland, jointly created the unified multi-ethnic state, jointly wrote the brilliant history of China, jointly created the splendid Chinese culture, and jointly cultivated the great national spirit.” [4]4 The “five joint undertakings” (五个共同) refers to the five aspects of shared historical contribution by all ethnic groups in China, as summarized by Xi Jinping: jointly opening up the territory, jointly creating the state, jointly writing history, jointly creating culture, and jointly cultivating the national spirit. Within these “five joint undertakings” lies the profound implication of unity and struggle, driving the Chinese nation to become a community with a shared future of higher recognition and stronger cohesion.

中华民族发展史，就是一部中华民族不断追求团结统一、奋斗不息、创造辉煌的历史。长期以来，中国人民和中华民族以勤劳、勇敢和智慧，建立建设了自己的国家，屹立于世界东方，为人类文明进步作出了不可磨灭的历史贡献。在几千年历史长河中，中国人民建立了统一的多民族国家，发展了多元一体、交织交融的融洽民族关系，形成了守望相助的中华民族大家庭。特别是近代以后，在外来侵略寇急祸重的严峻形势下，我国各族人民手挽着手、肩并着肩，英勇奋斗，浴血奋战，打败了一切穷凶极恶的侵略者，捍卫了民族独立和自由，共同书写了中华民族保卫祖国、抵御外侮的壮丽史诗。中华民族从历史走向未来，从传统走向现代，从多元凝聚为一体，彰显了独特的形成发展规律。正如习近平总书记所指出的那样：“我国各民族共同开拓了祖国的辽阔疆域，共同缔造了统一的多民族国家，共同书写了辉煌的中国历史，共同创造了灿烂的中华文化，共同培育了伟大的民族精神。”“五个共同”之中，内含着团结奋斗的深远意蕴，推动中华民族成为认同度更高、凝聚力更强的命运共同体。

The founding of the Communist Party of China opened a new chapter of unity and struggle for the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. Since the emergence of the Communist Party of China, the face of the Chinese revolution has been completely renewed. During the Great Revolution, our Party “roused millions of workers and peasants to work with one heart,” extensively mobilizing the masses of workers and peasants and setting off a revolutionary upsurge. During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Party led the people to establish over a dozen revolutionary base areas, building an “iron bastion” of the masses. After the failure of the fifth counter-encirclement and suppression campaign, the Party and the Red Army were forced to carry out a strategic shift, achieving the great victory of the Long March with the strong support of the people. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Party advocated the establishment of the broadest possible anti-Japanese national united front, plunging the Japanese aggressors into the “vast ocean” of a people’s war. During the War of Liberation, the People’s Liberation Army led by the Party successfully launched the three major campaigns, destroying the main force of the Kuomintang army. [5]5 The three major campaigns (三大战役) were the Liaoshen Campaign (September–November 1948), the Huaihai Campaign (November 1948–January 1949), and the Pingjin Campaign (November 1948–January 1949), decisive military engagements in the Chinese Civil War that led to the defeat of the Kuomintang. “The victory of the Huaihai Campaign was pushed forward by the common people with small carts, and the victory of the Yangtze River Crossing Campaign was rowed forward by the common people with small boats,” vividly interpreting the true meaning that “unity is strength, and only unity can lead to victory.” After 28 years of bloody struggle, the Party united and led the people to overthrow the three great mountains of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism weighing on the Chinese people, won victory in the New Democratic Revolution, established New China, and realized the national independence and people’s liberation that generations of Chinese people had dreamed of.

中国共产党的成立，开启了中国人民和中华民族团结奋斗的新篇章。自从有了中国共产党，中国革命的面貌就焕然一新。大革命时期，我们党“唤起工农千百万，同心干”，广泛发动工农群众，掀起革命高潮。土地革命战争时期，党领导人民创建了十几块革命根据地，筑成了人民群众的“铜墙铁壁”。第五次反“围剿”失败后，党和红军被迫进行战略转移，在人民群众的大力支持下取得长征的伟大胜利。抗日战争爆发后，党倡导建立最广泛的抗日民族统一战线，陷日本侵略者于人民战争的“汪洋大海”之中。解放战争中，党领导的人民解放军成功发起三大战役，摧毁了国民党军主力。“淮海战役的胜利是靠老百姓用小车推出来的，渡江战役的胜利是靠老百姓用小船划出来的”，生动诠释了“团结就是力量，团结才能胜利”的真谛。经过28年的浴血奋斗，党团结带领人民推翻了压在中国人民头上的帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义三座大山，夺取了新民主主义革命胜利，建立了新中国，实现了几代中国人梦寐以求的民族独立和人民解放。

The establishment of New China opened a new epoch in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and also marked that the Chinese people, who had long been exploited and enslaved, stood up from then on. Our Party united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to quickly restore the national economy, and carried out the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, land reform, and the “Three-Anti” and “Five-Anti” campaigns, [6]6 The “Three-Anti” (三反) campaign (1951–1952) targeted corruption, waste, and bureaucracy within the Party and government; the “Five-Anti” (五反) campaign (1952) targeted bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on government contracts, and stealing economic information among private industrial and commercial businesses. enabling New China to gain a firm foothold. We timely carried out socialist transformation, established the basic system of socialism, and realized the most extensive and profound social change in the history of the Chinese nation. At the same time, uniting and leading the people on the basis of the poverty and blankness of old China, we carried out a socialist construction full of vigor and vitality never seen before in Chinese history. In a short period of time, we brought about earth-shaking changes in our society, established an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system, independently developed the “two bombs and one satellite,” [7]7 “Two bombs and one satellite” (两弹一星) refers to China’s successful development of nuclear bombs (atomic and hydrogen), and the Dongfanghong-1 satellite launched in 1970, symbolizing major scientific and technological achievements during the Mao era. became a major country with significant influence in the world, and accumulated important experience in socialist construction in such a large Eastern country with a very backward level of social productive forces.

新中国的建立开启了中华民族伟大复兴的历史新纪元，也标志着长期以来受剥削遭奴役的中国人民从此站立起来了。我们党团结带领全国各族人民迅速恢复国民经济，并进行了抗美援朝战争、土地改革以及“三反”、“五反”运动等，使新中国站稳了脚跟。我们适时进行社会主义改造，建立起社会主义基本制度，实现了中华民族有史以来最为广泛而深刻的社会变革。同时团结带领人民在旧中国一穷二白的基础上，进行了中国历史上从来不曾有过的热气腾腾的社会主义建设，在不长的时间里使我国社会发生了翻天覆地的变化，建立起独立的比较完整的工业体系和国民经济体系，独立研制出“两弹一星”，成为在世界上有重要影响的大国，积累起在中国这样一个社会生产力水平十分落后的东方大国进行社会主义建设的重要经验。

Reform and opening up is an important magic weapon for the cause of the Party and the people to catch up with the times. The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee made the historic decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state to economic construction and implement reform and opening up. [8]8 The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, held in December 1978, is widely regarded as the historic turning point that launched China’s reform and opening-up policy under Deng Xiaoping. Thus, we achieved a great turning point of far-reaching significance in the history of the Party since the founding of New China. “Unite and revitalize China” became the strong voice of the times. The rural household contract responsibility system was implemented, changing the relations of production, liberating rural productive forces, agricultural production continuously reached new levels, and township enterprises emerged as a new force. Urban reforms gradually deepened and unfolded comprehensively in areas such as industry, commerce, science and technology, education, and culture, fully stimulating social vitality. Opening up to the outside world was progressively advanced and expanded from special economic zones, coastal areas, areas along rivers, and border areas, gradually forming a new pattern of all-round, multi-level, and wide-ranging opening up. The people’s lives achieved a historic leap from having insufficient food and clothing to being moderately well-off and then striving for a comprehensive moderately prosperous society. Reform and opening up was an entirely new undertaking with no ready-made experience to learn from. However, the Party led the people in unity and struggle, boldly experimenting and bravely reforming, learning by doing, and groping in practice, creating a new world and composing a moving and heroic ode to struggle.

改革开放是党和人民事业大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝。党的十一届三中全会作出把党和国家工作中心转移到经济建设上来、实行改革开放的历史性决策。由此，我们实现了新中国成立以来党的历史上具有深远意义的伟大转折。“团结起来，振兴中华”成为时代强音。农村实行家庭联产承包责任制，改变了生产关系，解放了农村生产力，农业生产不断迈上新台阶，乡镇企业也异军突起。城市改革从工业、商业、科技、教育、文化等领域逐步深入、全面展开，社会活力得到充分激发。对外开放从特区、沿海、沿江、沿边渐次推进、逐步扩大，逐渐形成全方位、多层次、宽领域的全面开放新格局。人民生活实现从温饱不足到总体小康、奔向全面小康的历史性跨越。改革开放是一项全新的事业，没有现成的经验可学。但是，党领导人民团结奋斗，大胆地试、勇敢地改，在干中学，在实践中摸索，干出了一片新天地，谱写了一曲感天动地、气壮山河的奋斗赞歌。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with great historical initiative, immense political courage, and a strong sense of responsibility, has set the direction, made overall plans, and united and led the people to coordinate the great struggle, the great project, the great cause, and the great dream, [9]9 The “great struggle, great project, great cause, and great dream” (四个伟大) are a set of four interrelated tasks: the great struggle with many new historical features, the great project of Party building, the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the great dream of national rejuvenation. to comprehensively advance the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and coordinate the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, [10]10 The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan (五位一体) covers economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization construction; the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy (四个全面) comprises comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the country according to law, and comprehensively and strictly governing the Party. to introduce a series of major policies, launch a series of major measures, advance a series of major tasks, overcome a series of major risks and challenges, solve many long-standing problems that were difficult to solve, and accomplish many major tasks that were long desired but not accomplished, promoting historic achievements and historic changes in the cause of the Party and the state. In particular, by mobilizing the entire Party and the whole country, we won the largest-scale battle against poverty in human history, lifting nearly 100 million rural poor out of poverty, historically solving the problem of absolute poverty that had plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years, and creating a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction. The Chinese nation has ushered in a great leap from standing up and growing prosperous to becoming strong, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process. The great achievements of the New Era have been fought for, worked for, and striven for together by the Party and the people.

党的十八大以来，中国特色社会主义进入新时代。以习近平同志为核心的党中央，以伟大的历史主动精神、巨大的政治勇气、强烈的责任担当，举旗定向、谋篇布局，团结带领人民统揽伟大斗争、伟大工程、伟大事业、伟大梦想，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，出台一系列重大方针政策，推出一系列重大举措，推进一系列重大工作，战胜一系列重大风险挑战，解决了许多长期想解决而没有解决的难题，办成了许多过去想办而没有办成的大事，推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。特别是举全党全国之力，打赢人类历史上规模最大的脱贫攻坚战，使近1亿农村贫困人口实现脱贫，历史性地解决了困扰中华民族几千年的绝对贫困问题，创造了人类减贫史上的奇迹。中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，中华民族伟大复兴进入了不可逆转的历史进程。新时代的伟大成就是党和人民一道拼出来、干出来、奋斗出来的。

One does not know the difficulty of a task without going through it; success seems easy but is actually hard-won. History has fully proven that unity is strength, and struggle creates the future; only a nation that can unite and struggle has a future, and only a political party that can unite and struggle can remain invincible. All the achievements of the Party and the people are the result of unity and struggle, and unity and struggle are the only way for the Chinese people to create great historical feats.

事非经过不知难，成如容易却艰辛。历史充分证明，团结就是力量，奋斗开创未来；能团结奋斗的民族才有前途，能团结奋斗的政党才能立于不败之地。党和人民取得的一切成就都是团结奋斗的结果，团结奋斗是中国人民创造历史伟业的必由之路。

III. Unite and Struggle for the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation

三、为实现中华民族伟大复兴而团结奋斗

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “Unity formed around a clear goal is the most solid unity, and struggle relying on close unity is the most powerful struggle.” Over the past 100-plus years, all the struggles, sacrifices, and creations made by the Communist Party of China uniting and leading the Chinese people can be summed up in one theme: the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Since reform and opening up, our Party has established the “three-step” development strategy for modernization and put forward the “two centenary goals.” [11]11 The "greatest common divisor" (最大公约数) and "largest concentric circle" (最大同心圆) are metaphors used in Chinese political discourse to describe the broadest possible consensus and unity among diverse social groups. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, through the joint efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, the first centenary goal—building a moderately prosperous society in all respects—has been achieved on schedule. At the 20th National Congress of the CPC, the General Secretary solemnly declared to the whole Party and the people of the whole country: “From now on, the central task of the Communist Party of China is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country in building a great modern socialist country in all respects, achieving the second centenary goal, and advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese-path modernization.” In his report, the General Secretary also mapped out the realization of the second centenary goal. The overall strategic arrangement is divided into two steps: from 2020 to 2035, basically realize socialist modernization; from 2035 to the middle of this century, build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. The General Secretary emphasized that today, we are closer to, more confident in, and more capable of achieving the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history, but we must also be prepared to make more arduous and strenuous efforts. Each generation has its own historical mission, and each generation has its own “Long March road.” [12]12 "Tongxin" (同心) is a common pen name used by editors of Qiushi (求是) magazine, meaning "united in heart." United struggle for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the bounden duty of contemporary Chinese Communists and all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, and it is also the best tribute we can pay to history.

习近平总书记指出，“围绕明确奋斗目标形成的团结才是最牢固的团结，依靠紧密团结进行的奋斗才是最有力的奋斗”。100多年来，中国共产党团结带领中国人民进行的一切奋斗、一切牺牲、一切创造，归结起来就是一个主题：实现中华民族伟大复兴。改革开放以来，我们党确立了现代化建设“三步走”发展战略，提出了“两个一百年”奋斗目标。党的十八大以来，经过全党全国人民共同努力，第一个百年奋斗目标即全面建成小康社会如期实现。总书记在党的二十大上向全党和全国人民庄严宣告：“从现在起，中国共产党的中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。”总书记还在报告中对实现第二个百年奋斗目标进行了擘画。总的战略安排是分两步走：从2020年到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化；从2035年到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。总书记强调，今天，我们比历史上任何时期都更接近、更有信心和能力实现中华民族伟大复兴的目标，同时必须准备付出更为艰巨、更为艰苦的努力。一代人有一代人的历史使命，一代人有一代人的“长征路”。为实现中华民族伟大复兴而团结奋斗是当代中国共产党人和全体中华儿女义不容辞的责任，也是我们对历史的最好礼敬。

The aero engine is a national treasure and an important manifestation of a country’s scientific and technological strength and innovation capability. In recent years, the front line of China’s aero engine research and development has adhered to independent innovation, vigorously promoted the spirit of model workers and the spirit of craftsmanship, and continuously accelerated the pace of independent research and development of aero engines, striving to build an aviation power and achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. The picture shows a staff member introducing the domestically produced CJ1000A civil high-bypass-ratio turbofan engine at the 2023 China International Big Data Industry Expo on May 26, 2023. Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Ou Dongqu.

航空发动机是国之重器，是国家科技实力和创新能力的重要体现。这些年，我国航空发动机研制战线坚持自主创新，大力弘扬劳模精神、工匠精神，不断加快航空发动机自主研制步伐，为建设航空强国、实现高水平科技自立自强拼搏奋斗。图为2023年5月26日，参展工作人员在2023中国国际大数据产业博览会现场介绍国产CJ1000A民用大涵道比涡扇发动机。 新华社记者 欧东衢/摄

To forge a bright future through united struggle, we must uphold the Party’s leadership over all work. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Party exercises overall leadership over all sectors and in all regions of the country, from Party, government, military, civilian, and academic affairs to east, west, south, north, and central areas.” The leadership position of the Communist Party of China in China is not self-proclaimed, but a choice of history and the people. In modern times, due to the lack of guidance from scientific theory and the leadership of an advanced political party, China was impoverished and weak, a heap of loose sand, and its revolutionary struggles suffered repeated defeats. All this was fundamentally changed only after the birth of the Communist Party of China. Over the past 100-plus years, our Party has united and led the Chinese people in bloody struggles and arduous efforts, step by step emerging from the long night, and creating great achievements in the new-democratic revolution, socialist revolution and construction, reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era. Under the strong leadership of the Party, the Chinese people, through long-term united struggle, have stood up, grown rich, and are now becoming strong. On the new journey, we must deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, [13] enhance the Four Consciousnesses, [14] strengthen the Four Confidences, [15] and achieve the Two Upholds, [16] take the Party’s leadership as the fundamental guarantee, and gather the mighty force of millions united in a common cause.

团结奋斗向未来，必须坚持党对一切工作的领导。习近平总书记指出：“党政军民学，东西南北中，党是领导一切的。”中国共产党在中国的领导地位不是自封的，而是历史的选择、人民的选择。近代以后，由于没有科学理论的指引，没有先进政党的领导，中国积贫积弱，一盘散沙，革命斗争屡战屡败。这一切，只有在中国共产党诞生后才得以根本改变。100多年来，我们党团结带领中国人民浴血奋战、艰苦奋斗，一步步走出漫漫长夜，创造了新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设、新时代中国特色社会主义的伟大成就。在党的坚强领导下，中国人民通过长期团结奋斗站起来、富起来了，现在正在走向强起来。新征程上，必须深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，以党的领导为根本保证，集聚起万众一心、共襄伟业的磅礴力量。

To forge a bright future through united struggle, we must adhere to a people-centered approach. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The country is the people, and the people are the country. To secure the country and govern it, we must win the people’s hearts.” The Communist Party of China was born for the people and thrives because of the people. “The people’s aspiration for a better life is our goal.” The masses of the people are forever our source of strength. Without the people, we can accomplish nothing; if we are divorced from the people, we will head for failure. On the new journey, we must always place the people in the highest position in our hearts, always stand with the people, think with them, and work with them; firmly take the people’s stand, cultivate deep feelings for the people, follow the Party’s mass line in the New Era, understand the people’s conditions, listen to their voices, follow their will, and solve their concerns, care for the masses, love the common people, earnestly handle the people’s good deeds well, do practical things for them, and properly resolve their difficulties, taking the realization, safeguarding, and development of the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people as the starting point and goal of all work.

团结奋斗向未来，必须坚持以人民为中心。习近平总书记指出：“江山就是人民、人民就是江山，打江山、守江山，守的是人民的心。”中国共产党为人民而生，因人民而兴。“人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。”人民群众永远是我们力量的源泉。没有人民，我们将一事无成；脱离了人民，我们就会走向失败。新征程上，要始终把人民放在心中最高位置，始终同人民站在一起、想在一起、干在一起；站稳人民立场，厚植为民情怀，走好新时代党的群众路线，察民情、听民声、顺民意、解民忧，心系群众、情系百姓，切实把人民群众的好事办好、实事办实、难事办妥，把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民根本利益作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点。

To forge a bright future through united struggle, we must dare to struggle and be adept at struggle

团结奋斗向未来，必须坚持敢于斗争、善于斗争。习近平总书记指出，“行百里者半九十。中华民族伟大复兴，绝不是轻轻松松、敲锣打鼓就能实现的”，“我们面临的各种斗争不是短期的而是长期的，至少要伴随我们实现第二个百年奋斗目标全过程”。没有矛盾和斗争，就没有世界，就没有发展，就没有生命，就没有一切。中国共产党和中国人民、中华民族从来是在风雨中前行、在磨难中成长、在奋斗中发展壮大的。“我们不惹事，但也不怕事”。这是中国共产党和中国人民、中华民族的秉性和品格。未来一个时期，我们面临的风险考验只会越来越复杂，甚至会遇到难以想象的惊涛骇浪。新征程上，必须发扬斗争精神，以“明知山有虎，偏向虎山行”的决心和“狭路相逢勇者胜”的气概，增强斗争的志气、骨气、底气，不信邪、不怕鬼、不怕压，知难而进、迎难而上，坚持有理有利有节，依靠顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地。

To strive for the future through united struggle, we must uphold the united front. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: "Popular support and the balance of forces are the key to the success or failure of the Party's and the people's cause; they constitute the greatest politics. The essential requirement of united front work is great unity and great solidarity, and what it addresses is precisely the question of popular support and forces." The united front is an important magic weapon for our Party to defeat the enemy, govern the country and rejuvenate the nation; it has played a significant role in every historical period of revolution, construction and reform, demonstrating its formidable power. Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is a difficult and grand undertaking; it is necessary to establish the broadest possible patriotic united front and organize a mighty army of builders. On the new journey, we must consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic united front, unite all forces that can be united, mobilize all positive factors that can be mobilized, seek the greatest common divisor, draw the largest concentric circle, correctly handle the relationship between unity and diversity, continuously promote harmony in political party relations, ethnic relations, religious relations, class relations, and relations among compatriots at home and abroad, maximize the gathering of the mighty strength of the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, and strive in unity to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

团结奋斗向未来，必须坚持统一战线。习近平总书记指出：“人心向背、力量对比是决定党和人民事业成败的关键，是最大的政治。统战工作的本质要求是大团结大联合，解决的就是人心和力量问题。”统一战线是我们党克敌制胜、执政兴国的重要法宝，在革命、建设、改革各个历史时期都发挥了重要作用，彰显了强大威力。实现中华民族伟大复兴是一项艰巨而宏伟的事业，必须建立最广泛的爱国统一战线，组织起浩浩荡荡的建设大军。新征程上，要巩固和发展最广泛的爱国统一战线，团结一切可以团结的力量，调动一切可以调动的积极因素，寻求最大公约数，画出最大同心圆，正确处理好一致性和多样性的关系，不断促进政党关系、民族关系、宗教关系、阶层关系、海内外同胞关系和谐，最大限度凝聚起中华儿女的磅礴力量，为实现中华民族伟大复兴而团结奋斗。

(Author: President of the Institute of Party History and Literature of the CPC Central Committee)

（作者：中共中央党史和文献研究院院长）

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心