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Party Conduct Building and Image Display during the Period of the All-Nation War of Resistance

岳奎:全民族抗战时期党的作风建设与形象展示

· · CPC History & Party Building · Yue Kui, Researcher of the Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in Hubei Province, and Director of the Digital Intelligence Party Building Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Guangming Daily, 23 July 2025, p. 11 · 11 min read

From the very beginning of its founding, the Chinese Communist Party attached great importance to establishing and displaying a good party image, actively propagating the Party’s theories and propositions through publications such as *New Youth*, *The Communist*, and *The Labor Weekly*, thereby continuously expanding its influence and appeal. The period of the All-Nation War of Resistance was a crucial stage for the Chinese Communist Party’s development and growth. Faced with the brutal aggression of Japanese imperialism, the anti-communist actions of the Kuomintang diehards, and the prejudice and skepticism existing in the international community, the Chinese Communist Party vigorously strengthened its own construction, especially conduct building, and through establishing a good party image, greatly enhanced the Party’s cohesion, appeal, and combat effectiveness, achieving rapid growth in its own strength. During this period, besides leading the people domestically to strive for national independence and people’s liberation, demonstrating its great role as a mainstay and a good image, the Chinese Communist Party also committed itself to disseminating and displaying the Party’s image to the international community, in order to “arouse the attention of the whole world” (*Selected Important Documents since the Founding of the Party (1921–1949)*, Vol. 15, Central Party Literature Press, 2011, p. 619), thereby winning broad international support.

中国共产党自成立之初,便高度重视树立并展示良好的政党形象,通过创办《新青年》《共产党》《劳动周刊》等刊物积极宣传党的理论和主张,不断扩大党的影响力和号召力。全民族抗战时期是中国共产党发展壮大的关键阶段。面对日本帝国主义的残暴侵略、国民党顽固派的反共行为、国际社会存在的偏见质疑,中国共产党大力加强党的自身建设特别是作风建设,并通过树立良好的政党形象,大大提升了党的凝聚力、号召力和战斗力,实现了自身力量的迅速增长。这一时期,中国共产党除了在国内领导人民争取民族独立和人民解放、展现出中流砥柱的伟大作用和良好形象,还致力于向国际社会传播与展示党的形象,以“唤起全世界注意”(《建党以来重要文献选编(1921—1949)》第15册,中央文献出版社2011年版,第619页),争取到国际社会的广泛支持。

I

一

During the period of the All-Nation War of Resistance, our Party adhered to the concept of being “people-centered,” making arduous explorations both theoretically and practically to establish a political power where the people are the masters of the country. As early as 1935, the Wayaobu Conference adopted the *Central Committee Resolution on the Current Political Situation and the Party’s Tasks*, which clearly defined the Chinese Communist Party as “the vanguard of the Chinese proletariat” and “the vanguard of the entire nation” (*Selected Documents of the CPC Central Committee*, Vol. 10, Central Party School Press, 1991, p. 620). This not only demonstrated broad representativeness but also expanded the Party’s class foundation, showcasing the distinct image of the Chinese Communist Party. In June 1938, the CPC Central Committee issued the *Central Committee Propaganda Outline for the 17th Anniversary of the Founding of the Chinese Communist Party*, stating that the Chinese Communist Party was “the vanguard of the Chinese nation and the Chinese people,” emphasizing its mission and responsibility to liberate the Chinese nation and the Chinese people. Our Party placed great importance on strengthening Party building in the border regions, on educating Party members in Marxism-Leninism, and on launching a Party-wide rectification movement [1]1 The Yan’an Rectification Movement (1942–1945) was a Party-wide ideological education campaign aimed at correcting subjectivism, sectarianism, and Party stereotyped writing, and establishing the principle of seeking truth from facts. to oppose subjectivism, sectarianism, and Party stereotyped writing [2]2 Party stereotyped writing (党八股) refers to a rigid, formulaic, and empty style of writing and speech within the Party, criticized by Mao Zedong during the Rectification Movement., establishing for the entire Party the fine conduct of seeking truth from facts, integrating theory with practice, and engaging in criticism and self-criticism.

在全民族抗战时期,我们党秉承“以人民为中心”的理念,从理论和实践对建立人民当家作主的政权进行艰辛探索。早在1935年,瓦窑堡会议通过《中央关于目前政治形势与党的任务决议》,就明确了中国共产党“是中国无产阶级的先锋队”和“全民族的先锋队”(《中共中央文件选集》第10册,中共中央党校出版社1991年版,第620页),不仅彰显了广泛的代表性,更扩展了党的阶级基础,展现出中国共产党的鲜明形象。1938年6月,中共中央印发《中央关于中共十七周年纪念宣传纲要》,指出中国共产党是“中华民族与中国人民的先锋队”,强调了解放中华民族与中国人民的使命和担当。我们党十分重视加强边区党的建设,重视对党员的马克思列宁主义教育,并开展全党的普遍整风运动,反对主观主义、宗派主义和党八股,为全党树立了实事求是、理论联系实际、批评与自我批评的优良作风。

During this period, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their main representative, consistently established and practiced the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, prioritizing the people’s will, the people’s livelihood, and the people’s suffering. In 1939, the Party Central Committee approved the establishment of the Central Hospital. Initially, the hospital was named the “Central Cadre Hospital.” Comrade Mao Zedong was dissatisfied upon learning this and ordered it changed to “Central Hospital,” serving the Party, government, military, and civilians in Yan’an and the border region, serving the masses. At that time, epidemic diseases such as smallpox, typhoid, and cholera seriously endangered the lives and safety of the people. To effectively control the spread of infectious diseases, the Yan’an Epidemic Prevention Committee was established in May 1940. The Party Central Committee convened an epidemic prevention meeting at the Yan’an Central Auditorium, designating the Epidemic Prevention Committee as the highest leading body for the Yan’an epidemic prevention campaign and formulating epidemic prevention measures. On April 28, 1942, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government convened a meeting in Yan’an to establish the General Epidemic Prevention Committee, widely publicized health and epidemic prevention knowledge, developed pharmaceutical factories, established medical cooperatives, and conducted mobile medical services, greatly reducing the incidence and mortality rates of infectious diseases, vividly demonstrating the image of Chinese Communists “serving the people wholeheartedly.” In Yan’an, Party cadres and members consistently adhered to the principle that everyone was a “servant of the people,” being strict with themselves and lenient with others, sharing hardships with the people, creating a vivid situation described as “truly implementing democracy and the constitution, seeing only public servants, not officials.” Many touching stories among the masses, and a large number of selfless, dedicated, and hardworking heroic models, whether reported in the press or passed down by word of mouth, made society’s understanding of the Party clearer, leading them to sincerely support the Party’s policies and principles and strengthen their belief in following the Party forever.

这一时期,以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人始终树立并践行全心全意为人民服务的宗旨,以民心为大、民生为重、民苦为忧。1939年,党中央批准筹建中央医院。最初,医院定名为“中央干部医院”,毛泽东同志得知后不满意,让改成“中央医院”,面向延安和边区党政军民,为群众服务。当时,天花、伤寒、霍乱等流行病,严重危害人民群众的生命安全。为了有效控制传染病流行,1940年5月成立了延安防疫委员会。党中央在延安中央大礼堂召开防疫会议,以防疫委员会为延安防疫运动中的最高领导机关,制定防疫措施。1942年4月28日,陕甘宁边区政府在延安召开大会成立防疫总委员会,并广泛宣传卫生防疫知识,发展制药厂,设立医药合作社,开展巡回医疗,大大降低了传染病的发生率和致死率,生动展现了中国共产党人“全心全意为人民服务”的形象。在延安,党员干部始终秉承大家都是“人民的勤务员”宗旨,严于律己、宽以待人,与人民同甘共苦,形成了“实行民主真行宪,只见公仆不见官”的生动局面。许多发生在群众身边的感人事迹,一大批无私奉献、艰苦奋斗的英雄模范,或见诸报端,或口耳相传,使社会各界对党的认识更加清晰,从而真心诚意地拥护党的方针政策,坚定了永远跟党走的信念。

II

二

During the period of the All-Nation War of Resistance, the Chinese Communist Party placed great emphasis on the construction of the rule of law, formulating multiple laws and regulations such as the *Outline Program of Government for the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region*, the *Electoral Regulations of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region*, the *Constitutional Principles of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region*, the *Regulations of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region on Guaranteeing Human and Property Rights*, and the *Interim Measures of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region for Seizing Opium and Narcotic Drugs*. These were comprehensive in content and broad in scope, raising the level of rule of law and accumulating a rich red legal culture.

全民族抗战时期,中国共产党十分重视法治建设,制订《陕甘宁边区施政纲领》《陕甘宁边区选举条例》《陕甘宁边区宪法原则》《陕甘宁边区保障人权财权条例》《陕甘宁边区查获鸦片毒品暂行办法》等多部法律法规,内容全面、范围广泛,提升了法治水平,积淀了丰富的红色法治文化。

During this period, the Chinese Communist Party firmly stood on the people’s side, deeply implemented the mass line, effectively guaranteed the democratic rights of the people in the base areas, and won broad recognition and firm support from the people of the border regions. The Chinese Communist Party, using land legislation, criminal legislation, marriage legislation, and labor legislation as starting points, granted the people extensive democratic rights. To better advance the construction of democracy and the rule of law, Comrade Mao Zedong repeatedly telegraphed leaders at all levels and political organs at all levels, demanding that “first, in the vast areas of the Northwest, implement the democratic politics of the War of Resistance and universal suffrage, serving as the forerunner of national democratic politics” (*Selected Documents of the CPC Central Committee*, Vol. 11, p. 392). At the same time, the Party creatively implemented the “Three-Thirds System” [3]3 The Three-Thirds System was a policy for the composition of political power in the anti-Japanese base areas, where Communists, non-Party progressives, and centrists each occupied roughly one-third of the positions. of political power in the border regions and the “Ma Xiwu Trial Method” [4]4 The Ma Xiwu Trial Method was a judicial style named after Judge Ma Xiwu in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, emphasizing on-site investigation, mediation, and mass participation in dispute resolution. rooted in democratic practice. Except for specific groups, all people aged eighteen and above possessed the right to vote and the right to be elected, effectively promoting the implementation of the democratic electoral system in the border regions. Concurrently, the border regions established a system of people’s congresses, delineating the respective rights and obligations of the border region, counties, and villages. These measures adjusted social relations and class contradictions, granting the people the right to be masters of the country. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out, “State affairs are the public affairs of the nation, not the private affairs of one party or faction” (*Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 3, People’s Publishing House, 1991, p. 809), and “implement democratic cooperation, do not act arbitrarily, monopolize and control everything” (*Selected Documents of the CPC Central Committee*, Vol. 13, p. 91), emphasizing the necessity of adhering to a democratic political attitude. Furthermore, the Party vigorously promoted the construction of systems for democratic consultation, democratic management, and democratic supervision, establishing and improving long-term mechanisms to ensure the democratization of political power and the fairness and justice of governance, thereby establishing a party image that valued the construction of the rule of law.

这一时期,中国共产党站稳人民立场,深入贯彻群众路线,切实有效地保障了根据地人民的民主权利,赢得了边区人民的广泛认可与坚定支持。中国共产党以土地立法、刑事立法、婚姻立法、劳动立法等为抓手,赋予人民广泛的民主权利。为了更好地推进民主法治建设,毛泽东同志多次致电各级领导、各级政治机关,要求“首先在西北广大地区,实施抗战和普选的民主政治,作全国民主政治之先导”(《中共中央文件选集》第11册,第392页)。与此同时,党还在边区创造性地实行“三三制”政权制度和根植于民主实践的“马锡五审判方式”。除了特定人群外,凡是年满十八岁的民众,皆拥有选举权与被选举权,有力地促进了边区民主选举制度的施行。同时,边区建立了参议会制,划分了边区和县、乡村各自的权利和义务。这些举措调整了社会关系和阶级矛盾,赋予了人民当家作主的权利。毛泽东同志指出,“国事是国家的公事,不是一党一派的私事”(《毛泽东选集》第3卷,人民出版社1991年版,第809页),“实行民主合作,不得一意孤行,把持包办”(《中共中央文件选集》第13册,第91页),强调必须秉承民主的政治态度。此外,党大力推进民主协商、民主管理、民主监督等制度建设,建立健全保障政权民主化、施政公平正义的长效机制,树立起重视法治建设的政党形象。

III

三

Discipline is the guarantee for implementing the line. As a Marxist political party with iron discipline, the Chinese Communist Party continuously strengthened inner-party political supervision and discipline construction during the period of the All-Nation War of Resistance. From documents such as the *Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party*, the *Decision on the Working Rules and Discipline of the Central Committee*, and the *Decision on Strengthening Party Spirit*, the importance attached to strict discipline is evident. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out, “It should be made clear to all government personnel that corruption and waste are extremely serious crimes” (*Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 1, p. 134). The Party Central Committee always dealt seriously with disciplinary violations within the Party. For example, Huang Kegong [5]5 Huang Kegong was a Red Army officer and veteran of the Long March who was executed in 1937 for murdering a female student who rejected his marriage proposal., a revolutionary hero who shot and killed someone after a failed romance, and Xiao Yubi [6]6 Xiao Yubi was a decorated combat hero and labor model who was executed in 1941 for embezzlement and corruption., a combat hero guilty of corruption, were both sentenced to death according to law, creating a strong repercussion. Comrade Mao Zedong particularly emphasized that Communist Party members “are different from ordinary people,” and that “for our own Party members and Red Army members, we cannot but enforce stricter discipline than that applied to ordinary civilians,” and “if they were pardoned, there would be no way to educate the Party, no way to educate the Red Army, no way to educate the revolutionaries” (*Collected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 2, People’s Publishing House, 1993, pp. 39–40). Our Party treated the reward and punishment of cadres as a routine task, establishing a party image of strict discipline.

纪律是执行路线的保证,作为拥有铁的纪律的马克思主义政党,中国共产党在全民族抗战时期不断加强党内政治监督,加强纪律建设,从《中国共产党章程》《关于中央委员会工作规则与纪律的决定》《关于增强党性的决定》等文件中,皆能看出对于严明纪律的重视。毛泽东同志指出,“应该使一切政府工作人员明白,贪污和浪费是极大的犯罪”(《毛泽东选集》第1卷,第134页)。对于党内违纪行为,党中央一律严肃处理。比如,因恋爱不成枪杀对方的革命功臣黄克功和犯贪污罪的战斗英雄肖玉璧,先后被依法判处死刑,产生了强烈反响。毛泽东同志特别强调,共产党员“不同于一个普通人”,“对于自己的党员与红军成员不能不执行比较一般平民更加严格的纪律”,“如为赦免,便无以教育党,无以教育红军,无以教育革命者”(《毛泽东文集》第2卷,人民出版社1993年版,第39~40页),我们党把对干部的奖惩作为一项经常性工作来抓,树立起纪律严明的政党形象。

In the 1940 “Directive on the Current Situation and Policies,” the Party Central Committee reaffirmed a series of policies in the border regions and base areas concerning government organization, labor, land, taxation, elimination of traitors, protection of people’s rights, the economy, culture and education, and military affairs. Through unremitting efforts, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region became a model base area with “ten absences” [7]7 “Ten absences” (十个没有) refers to a summary by Mao Zedong of the conditions in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region: no corrupt officials, no profiteers, no gambling, no prostitutes, no concubines, no beggars, no idle people, no factional disputes among the people, no uncivilized behavior, and no unhealthy tendencies. (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, Vol. 2, p. 718). During this period, the Party Central Committee called on Party members to take the lead in setting an example, by limiting salary levels, launching the “do it ourselves” [8]8 “Do it ourselves” (自己动手) was a slogan of the mass production campaign launched in the border regions during the War of Resistance to overcome severe material shortages caused by the Japanese blockade and Kuomintang encirclement. mass production campaign, and working hard and persevering in their undertakings, thereby actively integrating with the masses and vigorously building a clean and upright political style to guide social conduct. In addition, the Party vigorously advocated the building of a work style among cadres, requiring Party cadres and members to set an example for the people, not to abuse power, not to use public office for private gain, and so on, implementing mutual supervision and timely inspections, and specially establishing disciplinary committees, so that political discipline and political rules were firmly established and strictly implemented, fundamentally preventing the breeding of corruption and degeneration. Consequently, after the U.S. Army Observer Group visited Yan’an, it also highly praised them, stating: “Their energy, vitality, and sincerity formed a sharp contrast with the corrupt Kuomintang” (Carol Carter, Mission to Yenan: The U.S. Army Observer Group in Yan’an, 1944-1947, trans. Chen Fabing, World Affairs Press, 2004, p. 56).

在1940年《关于时局与政策的指示》中,党中央重申了在边区和根据地政权组织、劳动、土地、税收、锄奸、保护人民权利、经济、文化教育和军事等方面的一系列政策。经过不懈努力,陕甘宁边区成为“十个没有”(《毛泽东选集》第2卷,第718页)的模范根据地。这一时期,党中央号召党员带头争做表率,通过限定薪酬水平、“自己动手”大生产、艰苦奋斗干事业等方式,主动与人民群众打成一片,大力建设清朗政风引领社会风气。此外,党大力倡导干部作风建设,要求党员干部为民表率,不滥用职权、不假公济私等,实行互相监督和适时检查,专门组建惩戒委员会,让政治纪律和政治规矩立在严处、落到实处,从根本上防止了腐败堕落行为的滋生。因此,美军观察组访问延安后也高度评价道:“他们的精力、活力和真诚使他们与腐化的国民党形成鲜明的对比。”([美]卡萝尔·卡特著、陈发兵译:《延安使命:1944—1947美军观察组延安963天》,世界知识出版社2004年版,第56页)

IV

四

During the period of the Whole-Nation War of Resistance, the Communist Party of China adhered to the principle of putting the interests of the nation first, advocated the establishment of a broad anti-Japanese national united front, united and mobilized all possible forces, and led the Chinese people to ultimately defeat the Japanese aggressors. In 1935, the Chinese Soviet Government and the Party Central Committee issued the “Letter to All Compatriots on Resisting Japan and Saving the Nation,” calling for an end to the civil war and united resistance against Japan. The following year, they facilitated the peaceful resolution of the Xi’an Incident [9]9 The Xi’an Incident (1936) was a kidnapping of Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek by two of his generals, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, who forced him to agree to a united front with the CPC against Japan. The CPC mediated a peaceful resolution., which played a significant historical role in promoting the second round of Kuomintang-CPC cooperation and joint resistance against Japan. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident [10]10 The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (July 7, 1937) was a clash between Chinese and Japanese troops near Beijing that triggered the full-scale outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War., to better unite for resistance, the main forces of the Red Army were reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army (abbreviated as the Eighth Route Army), and the Red Army guerrilla forces in eight southern provinces (except for the Qiongya Red Army guerrillas) were reorganized into the New Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army (abbreviated as the New Fourth Army), fighting bloody battles against the Japanese army on various fronts. The Party also, through measures such as reducing rent and interest, launching the mass production campaign, conducting anti-Japanese propaganda and education, and persisting in guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, enabled different political factions, social strata, and groups to share a common hatred against the enemy and unite in resistance against Japan under a common goal. In response to the Kuomintang’s policy of passive resistance against Japan and active opposition to the Communist Party, the CPC insisted on resisting Japan and opposing surrender, insisting on unity and opposing splits, insisting on progress and opposing regression, consolidating and expanding the anti-Japanese national united front, and successfully thwarted the anti-Communist conspiracies launched by the die-hard Kuomintang faction. At the same time, the CPC, in close coordination with local armed forces and the broad masses of the people, resolutely launched the Hundred-Regiment Campaign [11]11 The Hundred-Regiment Campaign (1940) was a major offensive by the Eighth Route Army against Japanese forces in North China, involving over 100 regiments, aimed at boosting Chinese morale and disrupting Japanese supply lines., dealing a heavy blow to the arrogance of the Japanese aggressors and boosting the confidence of the entire nation in the inevitable victory of the War of Resistance. On the enemy’s rear battlefield, they carried out various forms of tactical methods such as ambushes, sabotage operations, mine warfare, tunnel warfare, and sparrow warfare [12]12 Sparrow warfare (麻雀战) was a guerrilla tactic named after the sparrow’s agility, involving small, highly mobile units harassing enemy forces with hit-and-run attacks., flexibly and mobilely striking the Japanese aggressors, achieving brilliant results and demonstrating the indomitable, unyielding, and fearless spirit of struggle of the CPC and the people’s army it led.

全民族抗战时期,中国共产党坚持以民族大义为重,倡导建立广泛的抗日民族统一战线,团结和动员一切可能的力量,领导中国人民最终战胜了日本侵略者。1935年,中华苏维埃政府、中共中央发表《为抗日救国告全体同胞书》,呼吁停止内战,一致抗日,次年促成西安事变和平解决,对推动国共第二次合作、共同抗日起了重大的历史作用。卢沟桥事变后,为了更好地团结抗日,红军主力改编为国民革命军第八路军(简称八路军),在南方八省的红军游击队(琼崖红军游击队除外),改编为国民革命军陆军新编第四军(简称新四军),在各战场同日军浴血奋战。党还通过减租减息、开展大生产运动、进行抗日宣传教育、坚持敌后游击战等方式,使得不同政治派别、社会阶层和群体在共同的目标下同仇敌忾,一致抗日。针对国民党消极抗日、积极反共的政策,中国共产党坚持抗战,反对投降,坚持团结,反对分裂,坚持进步,反对倒退,巩固并扩大抗日民族统一战线,成功粉碎了国民党顽固派发动的反共阴谋。与此同时,中国共产党在地方武装和广大人民群众的紧密配合下,毅然发动百团大战,沉重打击了日本侵略者的嚣张气焰,提振了全国人民抗战必胜的信心。在敌后战场,开展形式多样的伏击战、破袭战、地雷战、地道战、麻雀战等战术战法,机动灵活地打击日本侵略者,取得辉煌战绩,展现了中国共产党人及其领导的人民军队坚韧不屈、不怕牺牲的斗争精神。

During this period, our Party actively established and ran newspapers and periodicals such as Xinhua Daily, Liberation Daily, Communist, and The Masses, continuously innovating methods of organization and mobilization, greatly enhancing the comprehensive effect of image dissemination, and presenting to the public the image of a mainstay of the Whole-Nation War of Resistance, leading the Chinese nation with extraordinary wisdom and firm conviction to jointly resist foreign aggression. To enable people around the world to better understand the deeds of the War of Resistance and the construction of the base areas, our Party also vigorously strengthened external propaganda and established an International Propaganda Committee. Many foreign friends successively visited the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region for inspection and study, presenting to the world through various means a “warm new society,” spreading and displaying the glorious image of the CPC, thereby enhancing “the important position occupied by the CPC throughout the country and even the world” (Selected Documents on CPC Propaganda Work (1915-1937), Vol. 2, Learning Press, 1996, p. 236).

这一时期,我们党积极创办《新华日报》《解放日报》《共产党人》《群众》等报刊,不断创新组织动员方式,大大提升了形象传播的综合效果,向社会大众展现了以非凡智慧和坚毅信念带领中华民族共御外侮的全民族抗战中流砥柱形象。为了让世界人民更好了解抗战事迹和根据地建设情况,我们党还大力加强对外宣传,成立国际宣传委员会。许多外国友人先后到陕甘宁边区参观考察,通过多种方式向世界呈现一个“热烈的新社会”,传播与展示了中国共产党的光辉形象,从而提高了“中共在全国以至全世界所占的重要地位”(《中国共产党宣传工作文献选编(1915—1937)》第2册,学习出版社1996年版,第236页)。

In summary, during the period of the Whole-Nation War of Resistance, the CPC, with a strong sense of mission and a fearless revolutionary spirit, held high the banner of resistance against Japan, actively advocated for and forcefully promoted the anti-Japanese national united front based on Kuomintang-CPC cooperation, and waged the most heroic and resolute struggle against the Japanese aggressors, becoming the mainstay of the Whole-Nation War of Resistance. In the historical process of leading the Chinese nation in thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle, our Party vigorously strengthened its own construction, establishing a party image of hard struggle, indomitable spirit, unity with the masses, democracy, and advanced nature, demonstrating strong governing capacity and vitality, igniting the hope for the Chinese nation’s national salvation from subjugation, and also, by propagating the Party’s image and ideas to the international community, striving for international support and recognition, leading the correct direction of China’s War of Resistance with its own political propositions, firm will, and exemplary actions.

总之,全民族抗战时期,中国共产党以强烈的使命担当和大无畏的革命精神,高举抗日旗帜,积极倡导、有力推动以国共合作为基础的抗日民族统一战线,同日本侵略者进行了最英勇、最坚决的斗争,成为全民族抗战的中流砥柱。在领导中华民族彻底反帝反封建的历史进程中,我们党大力加强自身建设,树立起艰苦奋斗、坚韧不屈、团结大众、民主先进的政党形象,展现出强大的执政能力和生命力,点亮了中华民族救亡图存的希望,也通过向国际社会宣传党的形象和理念,争取国际社会的支持和认可,以自己的政治主张、坚定意志、模范行动,引领着中国抗战的正确方向。

(Author: Yue Kui, Researcher at the Hubei Provincial Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, Director of the Digital Intelligence Party Building Research Center at Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

(作者:岳奎,系湖北省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心研究员、华中科技大学数智党建研究中心主任)

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑:同心

Notes

  1. The Yan’an Rectification Movement (1942–1945) was a Party-wide ideological education campaign aimed at correcting subjectivism, sectarianism, and Party stereotyped writing, and establishing the principle of seeking truth from facts. ↩
  2. Party stereotyped writing (党八股) refers to a rigid, formulaic, and empty style of writing and speech within the Party, criticized by Mao Zedong during the Rectification Movement. ↩
  3. The Three-Thirds System was a policy for the composition of political power in the anti-Japanese base areas, where Communists, non-Party progressives, and centrists each occupied roughly one-third of the positions. ↩
  4. The Ma Xiwu Trial Method was a judicial style named after Judge Ma Xiwu in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, emphasizing on-site investigation, mediation, and mass participation in dispute resolution. ↩
  5. Huang Kegong was a Red Army officer and veteran of the Long March who was executed in 1937 for murdering a female student who rejected his marriage proposal. ↩
  6. Xiao Yubi was a decorated combat hero and labor model who was executed in 1941 for embezzlement and corruption. ↩
  7. “Ten absences” (十个没有) refers to a summary by Mao Zedong of the conditions in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region: no corrupt officials, no profiteers, no gambling, no prostitutes, no concubines, no beggars, no idle people, no factional disputes among the people, no uncivilized behavior, and no unhealthy tendencies. ↩
  8. “Do it ourselves” (自己动手) was a slogan of the mass production campaign launched in the border regions during the War of Resistance to overcome severe material shortages caused by the Japanese blockade and Kuomintang encirclement. ↩
  9. The Xi’an Incident (1936) was a kidnapping of Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-shek by two of his generals, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, who forced him to agree to a united front with the CPC against Japan. The CPC mediated a peaceful resolution. ↩
  10. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (July 7, 1937) was a clash between Chinese and Japanese troops near Beijing that triggered the full-scale outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. ↩
  11. The Hundred-Regiment Campaign (1940) was a major offensive by the Eighth Route Army against Japanese forces in North China, involving over 100 regiments, aimed at boosting Chinese morale and disrupting Japanese supply lines. ↩
  12. Sparrow warfare (麻雀战) was a guerrilla tactic named after the sparrow’s agility, involving small, highly mobile units harassing enemy forces with hit-and-run attacks. ↩