An Analysis of the Benign Interaction between Theoretical Innovation and Practical Innovation of the Party in the New Era

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that “we must deepen our understanding, constantly sum up experience, and continuously carry out theoretical innovation in accordance with the changes of the times and the development of practice, adhere to the dialectical unity of theoretical guidance and practical exploration, and realize a benign interaction between theoretical innovation and practical innovation.” The Communist Party of China is the subject of theoretical innovation and practical innovation for socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. The formation and development of the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era, namely Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, is a process of realizing a benign interaction between theoretical innovation and practical innovation under the leadership of the Party. Analyzing the benign interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the New Era is of great significance for grasping the main content and scientific system of the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era, and for exploring the methodology and path of promoting theoretical innovation on the basis of practice on the new journey of the New Era.

习近平总书记指出，“要根据时代变化和实践发展，不断深化认识，不断总结经验，不断进行理论创新，坚持理论指导和实践探索辩证统一，实现理论创新和实践创新良性互动”。中国共产党是新时代中国特色社会主义理论创新和实践创新的主体。新时代党的创新理论即习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的形成和发展，是在党的领导下实现理论创新和实践创新良性互动的过程。探析新时代党的理论创新与实践创新的良性互动，对于把握新时代党的创新理论的主要内容和科学体系，探讨新时代新征程在实践基础上推进理论创新的方法论及其路径具有重要意义。

I. The Party’s Theoretical Innovation and Practical Innovation Are a Process of Dialectical Unity and Benign Interaction

一、党的理论创新与实践创新是辩证统一、良性互动的过程

Marxism scientifically explains and resolves the relationship between theory and practice; the unity of theory and practice is one of the most fundamental principles of Marxism. Marxism develops in the unity of theory and practice. The benign interaction between theoretical innovation and practical innovation is an important driving force for the vigorous development of the world socialist movement. Theoretical innovation and practical innovation also run through the more than one hundred years of struggle of the Communist Party of China. The Party’s theoretical innovation is the process of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and it is also a process of “discovering problems, screening problems, studying problems, and solving problems”; while the Party’s practical innovation is the process by which Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times guides and leads the practice of China’s revolution, construction, and reform, transforming the theoretical achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times into practical achievements in revolution, construction, and reform.

马克思主义科学地阐释和解决了理论与实践的关系问题，理论与实践相统一是马克思主义的一个最基本的原则。马克思主义是在理论与实践的统一之中发展的，理论创新与实践创新的良性互动是世界社会主义运动蓬勃发展的重要动因，理论创新与实践创新同样也贯穿于中国共产党百余年的奋斗历程中。党的理论创新是马克思主义中国化时代化的过程，也是一个“发现问题、筛选问题、研究问题、解决问题的过程”；而党的实践创新则是中国化时代化的马克思主义指导和引领中国革命、建设、改革实践，将马克思主义中国化时代化的理论成果转化为革命、建设和改革实践成果的过程。

1. The Party’s Practical Innovation Is the Source and Driving Force of Theoretical Innovation

1.党的实践创新是理论创新的源泉和动力

The primacy of practice is a fundamental viewpoint of Marxism. In the view of the classical Marxist writers, “all social life is essentially practical.” Rich and vivid social practice is the source and foundation of all knowledge. “The dialectic in the brain is only the reflection of the real world, of nature and history, in their forms of motion.” Social practice is not only the starting point for the formation and development of knowledge, but also the sole criterion for testing the truth of knowledge. However, the reflection of knowledge on practice, especially the generation of theory, is not a simple and direct process, but “a series of processes of abstraction,” that is, “the process of formation of concepts, laws, etc.” These concepts and laws “conditionally and approximately grasp the universal laws of nature, which is in eternal motion and development.” When expounding the Marxist theory of knowledge, Mao Zedong summarized it into two stages: perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge. The stage of perceptual knowledge is the first stage of cognition, where people can only see or grasp the phenomena and external relations of things; when cognition deepens to the second stage, the stage of rational knowledge, “a mutation (i.e., a leap) occurs in people’s minds, producing concepts,” and people can grasp the essence and internal relations of things. “The source of a theory can only be rich and vivid real life, and its driving force can only be the practical requirements for solving social contradictions and problems.” The Party’s theoretical innovation is likewise not water without a source or a tree without roots; rather, on the basis of adhering to the basic principles of Marxism, it continuously draws experience and wisdom from the Party’s creative practice, and is deepened and developed in the process of discovering, analyzing, and solving problems.

实践第一的观点是马克思主义的根本观点。在马克思主义经典作家看来，“全部社会生活在本质上是实践的”，人类丰富而生动的社会实践是一切认识产生的根源和基础，“头脑中的辩证法只是现实世界即自然界和历史的各种运动形式的反映”，社会实践不仅是认识形成和发展的起点，也是检验认识的真理性的唯一标准。但是，认识对于实践的反映特别是理论的产生并不是简单直接的过程，而是“一系列的抽象过程”，即“概念、规律等等的构成、形成过程”，这些概念和规律“有条件地近似地把握永恒运动着和发展着的自然界的普遍规律性”。毛泽东在阐述马克思主义认识论时，将其概括为感性认识和理性认识两个阶段。感性认识阶段是认识的第一个阶段，人们只能看到或把握事物的现象和外部联系；当认识深入到第二个阶段，即理性认识阶段，“人们的脑子里生起了一个认识过程中的突变（即飞跃），产生了概念”，人们得以抓住事物的本质与内部联系。“一种理论的产生，源泉只能是丰富生动的现实生活，动力只能是解决社会矛盾和问题的现实要求。”党的理论创新同样不是无源之水、无本之木，而是在坚持马克思主义基本原理的基础上，不断从党的创造性实践中汲取经验和智慧，在发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程中得到深化和发展。

The creative practice of China’s revolution, construction, and reform is the source of the Party’s theoretical innovation. The process of the Communist Party of China’s theoretical innovation advances continuously in accordance with the laws of scientific epistemology revealed by Marxism. The New Democratic Revolution and the socialist revolution and construction led by the Party are the practical basis for the formation and development of Mao Zedong Thought. In the practice of the New Democratic Revolution, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their chief representative, by summing up the practical experience and lessons of the “two victories” and “two defeats”[n] — the victory of the Northern Expedition, the victory in the early stage of the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the failure of the National Revolution, and the failure of the Fifth Counter-Encirclement Campaign — “came to know this objective world of China.” After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese Communists further proposed to “carry out a second integration”[n] of the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China, “to find the path for building socialism in China,” and on the basis of drawing lessons from the Soviet experience and summing up the practical experience of socialist revolution and construction, enriched and developed Mao Zedong Thought. Mao Zedong Thought is “the correct theoretical principles and the summary of experience concerning China’s revolution and construction.” The practice of the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization also laid the practical foundation for the formation and development of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development. The system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics “embodies the wisdom and hard work of several generations of Chinese Communists leading the people in unremitting exploration and practice.”

中国革命、建设、改革的创造性实践是党的理论创新源泉。中国共产党的理论创新进程按照马克思主义所揭示的科学认识论规律不断推进。党领导的新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设是毛泽东思想形成和发展的实践基础。在新民主主义革命实践中，以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人通过总结北伐战争胜利、土地革命战争前期的胜利以及国民革命失败、第五次反“围剿”失败这“两次胜利”“两次失败”的实践经验和教训，“才认识了中国这个客观世界”。新中国成立之后，中国共产党人又提出要将马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际“进行第二次结合”，“找出在中国怎样建设社会主义的道路”，在借鉴苏联经验教训、总结社会主义革命和建设的实践经验的基础上丰富和发展了毛泽东思想。毛泽东思想是“关于中国革命和建设的正确的理论原则和经验总结”。改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期的实践，也为邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观的形成和发展奠定了实践基础。中国特色社会主义理论体系“凝结了几代中国共产党人带领人民不懈探索实践的智慧和心血”。

The practical requirements of the principal contradiction and the main tasks in different historical periods are the driving force for the Party’s theoretical innovation. “Problems are the voice of the times; answering and guiding the solution of problems is the fundamental task of theory.” Marxism was founded by Marx and Engels on the basis of fully understanding the basic contradictions and problems of society in the stage of free competition capitalism. They “could not foresee all the problems that would arise later, nor could they solve all those problems at that time.” “China’s problems can only be solved by the Chinese people.” Looking at the historical trajectory of modern China’s choice of Marxism, it was precisely because other ideological theories and plans for national salvation that appeared in succession could not accomplish the special historical tasks of modern China that China’s advanced elements began to “use the proletarian world outlook as a tool for observing the fate of the country and reconsider their own problems.” Looking at the original theoretical achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, Mao Zedong Thought systematically answered a series of basic questions concerning China’s New Democratic Revolution, socialist revolution, and construction. After reform and opening up, the Chinese Communists explored and answered major questions such as what socialism is and how to build it, what kind of Party to build and how to build it, and what kind of development to achieve and how to achieve it, forming the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Xi Jinping as their chief representative, have scientifically answered major epochal questions such as what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop in the New Era and how to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and founded Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. In short, problems are the starting point and driving force of innovation. “Practice and development are endless; our journey to understand truth, to continuously carry out theoretical and practical innovation, and to constantly open up new prospects for our cause is also endless.”

不同历史时期社会主要矛盾和主要任务的现实要求是党的理论创新动力。“问题是时代的声音，回答并指导解决问题是理论的根本任务。”马克思主义是马克思恩格斯在充分认识自由资本主义阶段社会基本矛盾和问题基础上创立的，他们“不能将后来出现的所有的问题都看到，也就不能在那时把所有的这些问题都加以解决”，“中国的问题只能由中国人解决”。从近代中国选择马克思主义的历史轨迹来看，正是因为其他轮番登场的思想理论、救国方案无法完成近代中国特殊的历史任务，中国的先进分子才开始“用无产阶级的宇宙观作为观察国家命运的工具，重新考虑自己的问题”。从马克思主义中国化时代化的原创性成果来看，毛泽东思想系统回答了中国新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设的一系列基本问题。改革开放之后，中国共产党人探索并回答了什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义，建设什么样的党、怎样建设党，实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大问题，形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，科学回答了新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义等重大时代课题，创立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想。总之，问题是创新的起点和动力，“实践发展永无止境，我们认识真理、不断进行理论和实践创新、不断开创事业新局面的征程也永无止境”。

2. The Party’s Theoretical Innovation Is the Guidance and Direction of Practical Innovation

2.党的理论创新是实践创新的引领和指导

“Theory originates from practice and is used to guide practice.” Acknowledging the primacy of practice does not mean denying the active role of theory in practice; the tendency of “practicism” that one-sidedly emphasizes practice while neglecting theory is inadvisable. In the “Theses on Feuerbach,” Marx put forward an important thesis: “The point is to change the world.” In the view of the classical Marxist writers, scientific thought and theory must play a revolutionary role in practice. In “What Is to Be Done?,” Lenin, criticizing the tendency to belittle and neglect theory, emphasized: “Without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement.” Revolutionary theory provides the guide and leadership for the revolutionary movement. The Communist Party of China values theory precisely because it values this active role of theory. This role is not only “the active leap from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge,” but, more importantly, “the leap from rational knowledge to revolutionary practice.”

“理论源于实践，又用来指导实践。”承认实践第一的观点，并不意味着否认理论对于实践的能动作用，片面强调实践而忽视理论的“唯实践主义”倾向是不可取的。在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中，马克思曾提出一个重要论断：“问题在于改变世界。”在马克思主义经典作家看来，科学的思想理论必须在实践中产生革命的作用。列宁在《怎么办？》中批判那种贬低和忽视理论的倾向时强调：“没有革命的理论，就不会有革命的运动。”革命理论为革命运动提供先导和引领。中国共产党重视理论，正是重视理论的这种能动性作用，这种作用不仅是“从感性的认识到理性的认识之能动的飞跃”，而更重要的还在于“从理性的认识到革命的实践这一个飞跃”。

The leading role of the Party’s theoretical innovation originates from the profound revelation and scientific grasp of objective laws. Mao Zedong once pointed out: “The reason why dialectical materialism is a universal truth is that no one’s practice can escape its scope.” [1]1 The “two victories” refer to the victory of the Northern Expedition (1926–1927) and the victory in the early stage of the Agrarian Revolutionary War (1927–1937); the “two failures” refer to the failure of the National Revolution (the collapse of the First United Front in 1927) and the failure of the Fifth Counter-Encirclement Campaign (1934), which forced the Red Army to begin the Long March. The reason why a scientific thought and theory is scientific lies in the fact that it reveals and summarizes law-based understanding from rich and vivid social practice, then returns to practice to correct its incompleteness and enhance its truth, deepening the revelation and grasp of objective laws in such a back-and-forth process. Marx and Engels once pointed out that the basic principles expounded in the *Communist Manifesto* “are nothing but a general expression of the actual relations of the existing class struggle and the historical movement unfolding before our eyes.” [2]2 The “second integration” refers to Mao Zedong’s proposal in the mid-1950s to integrate the basic principles of Marxism with China’s concrete reality anew, as distinct from the earlier integration that produced the New Democratic Revolution theory. The Party’s theoretical innovation is, in essence, the process of using the Marxist stand, viewpoint, and method to profoundly reveal and grasp the objective laws of the practice of the Chinese revolution, construction, and reform, and to reveal and grasp the “actual relations of the historical movement unfolding before our eyes.” The reason why the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their chief representative, were able to propose and systematically expound the theory of new-democratic revolution is that they accurately recognized and grasped the special national conditions of modern China. Mao Zedong pointed out: “To recognize the nature of Chinese society, that is, to recognize China’s national conditions, is the fundamental basis for recognizing all revolutionary issues.” [3]3 Mao Zedong, “On Practice,” *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 1, p. 295. The original Chinese text reads: “辩证唯物论之所以为普遍真理，在于经过无论什么人的实践都不能逃出它的范围.” Precisely because of this, the theory of new-democratic revolution was able to effectively guide the process of the Chinese revolution. Since reform and opening up, the Chinese Communists, precisely on the basis of scientifically recognizing and grasping the national conditions of the primary stage of socialism in our country, have put forward the Party’s basic line for the primary stage of socialism, forming a series of correct theories concerning reform and opening up and socialist modernization and achieving practical results. “The more profoundly a theory reveals laws, the more significant its leading role in social development and transformation becomes.” [4]4 Marx and Engels, *The Communist Manifesto*, *Selected Works of Marx and Engels*, Vol. 2, p. 41. The scientific grasp and profound revelation of the general laws of China’s concrete practice are the fundamental reason why the Party’s innovative theories possess strong vitality.

党的理论创新的引领作用来源于对客观规律的深刻揭示和科学把握。毛泽东曾指出：“辩证唯物论之所以为普遍真理，在于经过无论什么人的实践都不能逃出它的范围。”科学的思想理论之所以是科学的，就在于其从丰富而生动的社会实践中揭示和总结出规律性认识，又回到实践中修正其不完全性、增强其真理性，在如此往复之中深化对于客观规律的揭示和把握。马克思恩格斯曾指出，《共产党宣言》阐述的基本原理“不过是现存的阶级斗争、我们眼前的历史运动的真实关系的一般表述”。党的理论创新，实质上就是运用马克思主义的立场观点方法深刻揭示和把握中国革命、建设、改革实践客观规律，揭示和把握“眼前的历史运动的真实关系”的过程。以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人之所以能提出并系统阐述新民主主义革命理论，就在于他们准确认识和把握了近代中国特殊的国情。毛泽东指出：“认清中国社会的性质，就是说，认清中国的国情，乃是认清一切革命问题的基本的根据。”正因如此，新民主主义革命理论才能有效地指导中国革命进程。改革开放以来，中国共产党人也正是在科学认识和把握我国社会主义初级阶段国情的基础上，提出党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线，形成关于改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的一系列正确理论并取得实践成果。“理论对规律的揭示越深刻，对社会发展和变革的引领作用就越显著”，对中国具体实践一般规律的科学把握和深刻揭示，是党的创新理论具有强大生命力的根本所在。

The Party’s theoretical innovation also provides correct ideas and scientific methods for practical innovation. Practical innovation cannot be separated from correct theoretical guidance and scientific top-level design. “If practice lacks the guidance of correct theory, it is easy to be like ‘a blind man riding a blind horse, approaching a deep pool at midnight.’” [5]5 Mao Zedong, “The Role of the Chinese Communist Party in the National War,” *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 2, p. 633. What makes humans superior to animals is their skill in using theory to guide practice, having “already built it in their minds” before constructing a building. [6]6 Xi Jinping, speech at the conference marking the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth, May 4, 2018. Mao Zedong once used a vivid metaphor: “To build the house of the Chinese revolution, we must first have a blueprint for the Chinese revolution. Not only must we have a large blueprint, a general blueprint, but we must also have many small blueprints, detailed blueprints.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, speech at the conference on philosophy and social sciences, May 17, 2016. The phrase “盲人骑瞎马，夜半临深池” is a classical Chinese idiom from Liu Yiqing’s *A New Account of the Tales of the World* (Shishuo Xinyu), meaning reckless action leading to extreme danger. And these “blueprints” are “the active reflection of the objective actual situation obtained from the practice of the Chinese revolution.” [8]8 Marx, *Capital*, Vol. 1, *Selected Works of Marx and Engels*, Vol. 2, p. 178. Looking back at history, it is precisely because of scientific theoretical guidance that the Chinese Communists have been able to always grasp historical initiative in the course of revolution, construction, and reform. “Marxism has a distinct practical character, not only committed to scientifically ‘interpreting the world,’ but also to actively ‘changing the world.’” [9]9 Mao Zedong, “On Practice,” *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 1, p. 301. The most fundamental driving force of the Party’s theoretical innovation is the practical problems raised by the revolution, construction, and reform; and the achievements of the Party’s theoretical innovation also provide methodological guidance for solving practical problems. The Chinese Communists, with Comrade Mao Zedong as their chief representative, summarized the “three magic weapons” for defeating the enemy, namely the united front, armed struggle, and Party building. These are both correct conclusions drawn by the Chinese Communists in revolutionary practice and valuable experience continuing to guide the revolution toward victory. The understanding and judgments of the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as their chief representative, on issues such as the essence of socialism and the relationship between plan and market have played a significant strategic guiding role in our country’s reform and opening up. At the very beginning of proposing the proposition of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context, Mao Zedong emphasized, “It is not about learning the letters of Marxism-Leninism, but learning their stand and method for observing and solving problems,” [10]10 Ibid. and “applying Marxism to the concrete struggles in the concrete environment of China.” [11]11 Xi Jinping, speech at the conference marking the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth, May 4, 2018. Practice has proven that the guidance of Marxism and the leadership of the Party’s innovative theories must ultimately fall upon studying major theoretical and practical issues, and upon putting forward correct ideas and scientific methods for solving problems.

党的理论创新也为实践创新提供了正确思路和科学办法。实践创新离不开正确的理论指导和科学的顶层设计。“实践如果没有正确理论的指导，也容易‘盲人骑瞎马，夜半临深池’。”人相较于动物的高明之处在于善于运用理论指导实践，在建筑房屋之前“已经在自己的头脑中把它建成了”。毛泽东曾形象地比喻：“我们要建筑中国革命这个房屋，也须先有中国革命的图样。不但须有一个大图样，总图样，还须有许多小图样，分图样。”而这些“图样”就是“在中国革命实践中所得来的关于客观实际情况的能动的反映”。回顾历史，正是因为拥有科学的理论指引，中国共产党人才能在革命、建设、改革历程中始终掌握历史主动。“马克思主义具有鲜明的实践品格，不仅致力于科学‘解释世界’，而且致力于积极‘改变世界’。”党的理论创新，最根本的驱动力是革命、建设、改革实践所提出的现实问题；而党的理论创新成果也为现实问题的解决提供了方法论指导。以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人总结出战胜敌人的“三个法宝”，即统一战线、武装斗争、党的建设，这既是中国共产党人在革命实践中作出的正确结论，也是继续指导革命走向胜利的宝贵经验。以邓小平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人关于社会主义本质、关于计划与市场关系等问题的认识与判断，对我国改革开放事业起到重要的战略指导意义。在提出马克思主义中国化的命题之初，毛泽东就强调，“不是学习马克思列宁主义的字母，而是学习他们观察问题与解决问题的立场与方法”，“把马克思主义应用到中国具体环境的具体斗争中去”。实践证明，马克思主义的指导、党的创新理论引领，最终都要落到研究重大理论与实践问题、落到提出解决问题的正确思路和科学方法上来。

3. The Party’s innovative theories continue to develop on the basis of practical innovation

3.党的创新理论在实践创新基础上继续发展

From the perspective of Marxist epistemology, the relationship of unity and opposition between cognition and practice is dynamic, not static. Lenin once pointed out that one should not think that “cognition is immutable,” but rather “analyze how from not-knowing to knowing, how from incomplete and inexact knowledge to more complete and more exact knowledge.” [12]12 Mao Zedong, “Rectify the Party’s Style of Work,” *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 3, p. 799. As far as the cognitive process is concerned, “turning the predetermined idea, theory, plan, or program into fact, or roughly into fact, in the practice of the same process” does not mean the end of the entire cognitive movement process. [13]13 Mao Zedong, “The Role of the Chinese Communist Party in the National War,” *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 2, p. 534. Achieving subjective cognition consistent with the regularity of the objective process after repeated cycles only means the end of the cognitive movement for a specific objective process at a certain stage of development. As far as “the progression of the process is concerned, the cognitive movement of people is never complete.” [14]14 Lenin, “Materialism and Empirio-criticism,” *Collected Works of Lenin*, Vol. 18, p. 101. The Party’s innovative theories are an open ideological system that is tested and developed in the benign interaction between theoretical innovation and practical innovation.

在马克思主义认识论看来，认识与实践之间的对立统一关系是运动的而非静止的。列宁曾指出，不要以为“认识是一成不变的”，“而要去分析怎样从不知到知，怎样从不完全的不确切的知到比较完全比较确切的知”。就认识过程而言，“将预定的思想、理论、计划、方案在该同一过程的实践中变为事实，或者大体上变为事实”并不意味着整个认识运动过程的结束，经过多次反复达到主观认识与客观过程规律性相符合也仅仅意味着某一发展阶段上某一具体的客观过程的认识运动结束，就“过程的推移而言，人们的认识运动是没有完成的”。党的创新理论是在理论创新与实践创新的良性互动中得到检验和发展的开放的思想体系。

The scientific nature of the Party’s innovative theories is tested in the process of practical innovation. Whether human thinking possesses objective truth “is not a question of theory, but a question of practice.” [15]15 Mao Zedong, “On Practice,” *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 1, p. 293. People’s theoretical understanding begins with practice, and also needs to “return to the practice of transforming the world,” which is “the process of testing theory and developing theory.” [16]16 Ibid., p. 295. The Party’s innovative theories are the ideological essence that the Chinese Communists have summarized and refined from practice, running through the basic principles of Marxism, and are continuously tested in practice. The victory of the new-democratic revolution and the founding of New China tested the correctness of the theory of new-democratic revolution explored and established by the Chinese Communists; the basic completion of the socialist transformation of the means of production, the establishment of the basic socialist system, and the initial exploration of the path of socialist construction tested the scientific nature of the Chinese Communists’ understanding of a series of issues concerning socialist revolution and construction; since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, [17]17 Marx, “Theses on Feuerbach,” *Selected Works of Marx and Engels*, Vol. 1, p. 134. the achievements of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and the great success of socialism with Chinese characteristics in China, have tested the accuracy of the Chinese Communists’ decisions and judgments on a series of issues concerning implementing reform and opening up and building socialism with Chinese characteristics. In discovering and recognizing truth in practice, and in testing and developing truth in practice, the Chinese Communists’ “understanding of socialism and grasp of the laws of socialism with Chinese characteristics have reached an unprecedented new height.” [18]18 Mao Zedong, “On Practice,” *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 1, p. 293.

党的创新理论的科学性在实践创新的进程中得到检验。人的思维是否具有客观的真理性，“不是一个理论的问题，而是一个实践的问题”。人们的理论认识从实践开始，也还需要“再回到改造世界的实践中去”，这就是“检验理论和发展理论的过程”。党的创新理论是中国共产党人从实践中总结提炼上升而来的思想精华，贯穿着马克思主义基本原理，又在实践中不断得到检验。新民主主义革命的胜利、新中国的成立，检验了中国共产党人探索和创立的新民主主义革命理论的正确性；基本完成对生产资料私有制的社会主义改造、建立社会主义基本制度、初步探索社会主义建设道路，检验了中国共产党人关于社会主义革命和建设系列问题认识的科学性；党的十一届三中全会以来，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的成就、中国特色社会主义在中国取得的巨大成功，检验了中国共产党人关于实行改革开放、关于建设中国特色社会主义系列问题决策与判断的准确性。在实践中认识和发现真理、在实践中检验和发展真理，中国共产党人“对社会主义的认识，对中国特色社会主义规律的把握，已经达到了一个前所未有的新的高度”。

The achievements of the Party’s practical innovation also provide richer ideological material for theoretical innovation, promoting the continuous deepening of theoretical innovation with original achievements of practical innovation. Mao Zedong once pointed out that the essays he wrote during the democratic revolution period, as well as the essays and documents drafted on behalf of the Central Committee, could only be produced on the basis of summing up revolutionary experience; “it was impossible before, because we had not gone through the great storms and waves.” [19]19 The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, held in December 1978, marked the beginning of the reform and opening-up era. Since reform and opening up, many of the Chinese Communists’ theoretical understandings concerning socialism with Chinese characteristics have been precisely summarized and refined in the process of “crossing the river by feeling the stones.” [20]20 Xi Jinping, speech at the conference marking the 95th anniversary of the founding of the CPC, July 1, 2016. Deng Xiaoping pointed out: “If we are sure of something, we should try it boldly and forge ahead boldly… Every year, the leadership should sum up experience, persist in what is right, quickly correct what is wrong, and promptly address new problems as they arise.” [21]21 Mao Zedong, “Speech at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee,” *Selected Works of Mao Zedong*, Vol. 4, p. 1438. The achievements of the Party’s practical innovation are obtained under the guidance of continuously innovating thought and theory. While testing the scientific nature of the Party’s innovative theories, they further deepen the Party’s understanding of practical issues.

党的实践创新成果也为理论创新提供更为丰富的思想素材，以独创性的实践创新成果推进理论创新持续深化。毛泽东曾指出，民主革命时期他所写的一些论文以及替中央起草的论文和文件，只有在总结革命经验的基础之上才能产生，“在以前不可能，因为没有经过大风大浪”。改革开放以来，中国共产党人关于中国特色社会主义的很多理论认识正是在“摸着石头过河”的过程当中总结提炼出来的。邓小平指出：“看准了的，就大胆地试，大胆地闯……每年领导层都要总结经验，对的就坚持，不对的赶快改，新问题出来抓紧解决。”党的实践创新成果是在不断创新的思想理论指引下取得的，在检验党的创新理论科学性的同时，又进一步深化了党对于实践问题的认识。

In short, the Party’s practical innovation provides the source and driving force for theoretical innovation, while the Party’s theoretical innovation also provides important guidance for practical innovation and continues to deepen and advance on the basis of new practical innovation. The dialectical unity between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation conforms to the basic laws of Marxist epistemology, namely, “discovering truth through practice, and verifying and developing truth through practice.” [24]24 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Seminar on the Study and Implementation of the Spirit of the 18th National Congress of the CPC” (January 5, 2013), in Xi Jinping, *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, vol. 1 ( It is precisely in the dialectical unity of theoretical innovation and practical innovation that Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times continuously answers the questions posed by China, by the world, by the people, and by the times, forming scientific theoretical understandings that conform to objective practice, and constructing a scientific thought and theoretical system that guides the continuous progress of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is a basic experience gained by the Communist Party of China through more than a century of theoretical and practical exploration.

总之，党的实践创新为理论创新提供源泉和动力，而党的理论创新也为实践创新提供重要指导并在新的实践创新基础上继续深化和推进。党的理论创新与实践创新之间的辩证统一性，符合马克思主义认识论的基本规律，即“通过实践而发现真理，又通过实践而证实真理和发展真理”。中国化时代化的马克思主义正是在理论创新与实践创新的辩证统一之中不断回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，形成符合客观实践的科学理论认识，构建起指引中国特色社会主义事业不断前进的科学思想理论体系。这是中国共产党经过百余年理论与实践探索得出的一条基本经验。

II. The Party’s Innovative Theory in the New Era Is the Achievement of the Benign Interaction between Theoretical Innovation and Practical Innovation

二、新时代党的创新理论是理论创新与实践创新良性互动的成果

The adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times continuously develops in the benign interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation, and the theoretical achievements of Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times are likewise formed and developed in this benign interaction. General

马克思主义中国化时代化在党的理论创新与实践创新的良性互动中不断发展，中国化时代化的马克思主义理论成果同样在这种良性互动之中形成和发展。习近平总书记指出，党的理论创新过程是“一个把握事物之间内在联系、揭示客观规律、预见事物发展必然趋势的过程，由此形成的理论成果自然是一个科学系统、逻辑严密、有机统一的整体”。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我国社会主要矛盾发生变化，党的理论创新与实践创新围绕回答和解决新的重大时代课题深刻互动、全面推进。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是新时代中国共产党人接续推进党的理论创新与实践创新良性互动而形成的科学理论成果，是中国化时代化马克思主义的新时代篇章。

1. The practice of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era is the foundation of theoretical innovation

1.新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的实践是理论创新的基础

Socialism with Chinese characteristics was initiated and developed through the benign interaction between theoretical innovation and practical innovation; it is a process in which the opening of a path in practice, the formation of theory, the establishment of institutions, and the innovation of culture are closely integrated. General Secretary Xi Jinping once compared upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics to a “great article” [24]24 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Seminar on the Study and Implementation of the Spirit of the 18th National Congress of the CPC” (January 5, 2013), in Xi Jinping, *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, vol. 1 (, and the task of Chinese Communists in the New Era is “to continue writing this great article.” [25]25 “Four beams and eight pillars” (四梁八柱) is a Chinese architectural metaphor for the main supporting framework of a structure, used here to describe the core components of Xi Jinping Thought. The practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era is the continuous exploration of Chinese Communists in the New Era on the basis of the existing practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. “The more the cause advances and develops, the more new situations and new problems will arise, the more risks and challenges will be faced, and the more unforeseeable things will be encountered.” [26]26 Source: Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century (2021). Entering the New Era, the principal contradiction in Chinese society has transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development, which places many new demands on the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation. The Party’s innovative theory in the New Era was generated and developed in the practice of Chinese Communists in the New Era upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it has been continuously deepened in the process of basing itself on the New Era, answering new questions, and summing up new experience.

中国特色社会主义在理论创新与实践创新的良性互动之中开创和发展，是一个在实践中开辟道路、形成理论、确立制度、创新文化紧密结合的过程。习近平总书记曾将坚持和发展中国特色社会主义比喻为一篇“大文章”，新时代中国共产党人的任务就是“继续把这篇大文章写下去”。新时代中国特色社会主义的实践是新时代中国共产党人在中国特色社会主义已有实践基础上的接续探索，“事业越前进、越发展，新情况新问题就会越多，面临的风险和挑战就会越多，面对的不可预料的事情就会越多”。进入新时代，我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，这对党的理论创新与实践创新提出许多新的要求。新时代党的创新理论产生和发展于新时代中国共产党人坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的实践之中，在立足新时代、回答新问题、总结新经验的过程中不断深化。

Chinese Communists in the New Era accurately grasp and demarcate the historical orientation of theoretical innovation and practical innovation. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Chinese Communists, on the basis of scientifically and accurately grasping the change in the principal social contradiction, have made the major judgment that “socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era,” [27]27 Source: Xi Jinping, speech at a meeting marking the 200th anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx (2018). providing a scientific temporal coordinate and basic basis for the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the New Era. At the same time, as the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects was about to be achieved, Chinese Communists, on the basis of accurately grasping the historical stage, made the major judgment of “entering a new stage of development,” [28]28 The “third historical resolution” refers to the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century, adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee in November 2021. emphasizing that “the new stage of development is the stage of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and marching toward the second centenary goal,” [29]29 Source: Xi Jinping, report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC (2017). and that it is “an important stage in the process of China’s socialist development.” [30]30 Source They also clearly put forward major ideological viewpoints such as “the central task of the Chinese Communist Party is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, achieve the second centenary goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization,” [31]31 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Marx,” May 4, 2018. laying a solid foundation for the benign interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the New Era.

新时代中国共产党人准确把握和标定理论创新与实践创新的历史方位。党的十八大以来，中国共产党人在科学准确把握社会主要矛盾变化的基础上作出“中国特色社会主义进入新时代”的重大判断，为新时代党的理论创新与实践创新提供了科学的时代坐标和基本依据。同时，在全面建成小康社会第一个百年奋斗目标即将实现之时，中国共产党人在准确把握历史阶段的基础上作出“进入新发展阶段”的重大判断，强调“新发展阶段就是全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的阶段”，“是我国社会主义发展进程中的一个重要阶段”，还明确提出了“中国共产党的中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴”等重大思想观点，为新时代党的理论创新与实践创新实现良性互动奠定坚实基础。

Chinese Communists in the New Era advance theoretical innovation on the basis of answering major issues of the times. Regarding the major issues of the times in the New Era, Marxism cannot provide ready-made answers, for “the breadth and depth of the changes of the times and China’s development far exceed the imagination of the classical Marxist writers at the time.” [32]32 Xi Jinping, “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects — Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” October 16, 2022. The practice of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era still “faces many questions that have not been clarified and difficult problems to be solved, and the understanding and handling of many major issues are still in the process of continuous deepening.” [33]33 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage,” June 2, 2023. This is mainly reflected in the need to systematically answer, from the combination of theory and practice, such major issues of the times as what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop in the New Era and how to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, what kind of great modern socialist country to build and how to build a great modern socialist country, and what kind of long-term governing Marxist party to build and how to build a long-term governing Marxist party. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The leap in theory is not reflected in the novelty of words and phrases, nor in the self-consistency of logic; in the final analysis, it must be reflected in answering practical questions and leading practical development.” [34]34 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Marx,” May 4, 2018. Applying the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method to answer and resolve these major issues raised by the New Era is the driving force behind the Party’s theoretical innovation in the New Era.

新时代中国共产党人在回答重大时代课题的基础之上推进理论创新。关于新时代的重大时代课题，马克思主义不可能给出现成的答案，“时代变化和我国发展的广度和深度远远超出了马克思主义经典作家当时的想象”；新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的实践依然“还面临很多没有弄清楚的问题和待解的难题，对许多重大问题的认识和处理都还处在不断深化的过程之中”，主要体现在需要从理论和实践结合上系统回答新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，建设什么样的社会主义现代化强国、怎样建设社会主义现代化强国，建设什么样的长期执政的马克思主义政党、怎样建设长期执政的马克思主义政党等重大时代课题。习近平总书记指出：“理论的飞跃不是体现在词句的标新立异上，也不是体现在逻辑的自洽自证上，归根到底要体现在回答实践问题、引领实践发展上。”运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，回答和解决新时代提出的这些重大课题，是新时代党的理论创新的原动力。

Chinese Communists in the New Era advance theoretical innovation on the basis of summing up practical experience. The Party’s theoretical innovation is likewise a process of “summing up experience, exploring the unknown, and discovering truth.” [35]35 Xi Jinping, “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects — Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” October 16, 2022. A theory that can truly observe, grasp, and lead the times “must reflect the voice of the times, must never be divorced from the practice of the times in which it is situated, and must continuously sum up practical experience and condense it into the ideological essence of the times.” [36]36 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Study Session on the Study and Implementation of the Spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” February 7, 2023. The Party’s theoretical innovation in the New Era has also been continuously developed on the basis of profoundly summing up the practical experience of the New Era. In his speech at the celebration of the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, General Secretary Xi Jinping used “nine musts” [37]37 Xi Jinping, “ to summarize and encapsulate the experience of theoretical and practical innovation since reform and opening up. The Party’s third historical resolution, reviewed and approved at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC, [38] used “ten persists” [39] to summarize and encapsulate the historical experience of the Party’s century-long struggle. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “We must take the Party’s historical experience as an important ideological weapon for correctly judging the situation, scientifically foreseeing the future, and grasping the historical initiative.” [40] The innovative theory refined and formed on the basis of summing up practical experience is an important manifestation of the benign interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the New Era.

新时代中国共产党人在总结实践经验基础之上推进理论创新。党的理论创新同样是一个“总结经验、探求未知、发现真理的过程”。真正能够观察、把握、引领时代的理论“必须反映时代的声音，绝不能脱离所在时代的实践，必须不断总结实践经验，将其凝结成时代的思想精华”。新时代党的理论创新也正是在深刻总结新时代实践经验的基础上不断发展的。习近平总书记在庆祝改革开放40周年大会上的讲话中，用“九个必须坚持”概括总结出改革开放以来的理论与实践创新经验。党的十九届六中全会审议通过的党的第三个历史决议以“十个坚持”概括总结党的百年奋斗的历史经验。习近平总书记指出，“要把党的历史经验作为正确判断形势、科学预见未来、把握历史主动的重要思想武器”。在总结实践经验的基础上提炼而形成的创新理论，是新时代党的理论创新与实践创新良性互动的重要体现。

2. The Party’s innovative theory in the New Era manifests the benign interaction between theoretical innovation and practical innovation

2.新时代党的创新理论彰显理论创新与实践创新的良性互动

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era was formed and developed in the benign interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the New Era; it is “the fruit of the arduous theoretical exploration of the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, and the crystallization of the wisdom of the innovation and creation of the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country.” [41] This important thought not only embodies the major practical achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, but also condenses the profound understanding of Chinese Communists in the New Era regarding the laws of governance by the Communist Party, the laws of socialist construction, and the laws of the development of human society.

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是在新时代党的理论创新与实践创新的良性互动中形成和发展的，是“全党全国各族人民进行艰辛理论探索的成果，是全党全国各族人民创新创造的智慧结晶”。这一重要思想既体现了新时代中国特色社会主义的重大实践成果，也凝结着新时代中国共产党人对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律的深刻认识。

The “Ten Clarifications” are original theoretical understandings derived from the Party’s innovative practice in the New Era. As the “four beams and eight pillars” [25]25 “Four beams and eight pillars” (四梁八柱) is a Chinese architectural metaphor for the main supporting framework of a structure, used here to describe the core components of Xi Jinping Thought. of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the “Ten Clarifications” embody the systematic understanding of the Chinese Communists in the New Era on issues such as upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, building a modern socialist power, and building a long-term governing Marxist party. They “are major achievements of the Party in deepening its understanding of the laws governing the building of socialism with Chinese characteristics and in advancing theoretical innovation.” [26]26 Source: Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century (2021). First, on the basis of the Party’s practical achievements in history, especially those of the Chinese Communists in the New Era in upholding the Party’s overall leadership, the major significance of upholding the Party’s overall leadership is clarified. Second, on the basis of the practice of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the general task of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, the principal contradiction facing Chinese society in the New Era, the overall plan and strategic layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics are clarified, as well as the strategic steps for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, the overall goals of comprehensively deepening reform and comprehensively advancing law-based governance, and the strategic policy of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. At the same time, the Party’s core views on the economy, national defense, diplomacy, and other aspects in the New Era are also refined and summarized from practice. In summary, the “Ten Clarifications” refine and elevate the understandings derived from social practice in the New Era. The reason why the theories, principles, and policies of the Chinese Communists in the New Era are correct is precisely because they are refined from the Party’s innovative practice in the New Era. The “Ten Clarifications” are theoretical understandings that conform to China’s national conditions and development requirements, and are the core viewpoints of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.

“十个明确”是从新时代党的创新性实践中得出的原创性理论认识。作为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的“四梁八柱”，“十个明确”体现了新时代中国共产党人对坚持和发展中国特色社会主义、建设社会主义现代化强国、建设长期执政的马克思主义政党等问题的系统认识，“是党对中国特色社会主义建设规律认识深化和理论创新的重大成果”。首先，在党的历史上特别是新时代中国共产党人在坚持党的全面领导方面的实践成果基础之上，明确坚持党的全面领导的重大意义。其次，在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的实践基础之上，明确坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的总任务、新时代我国社会主要矛盾、中国特色社会主义事业总体布局和战略布局，还明确了全面建设社会主义现代化国家的战略步骤、全面深化改革与全面推进依法治国的总目标、全面从严治党的战略方针。同时，也从实践中提炼和概括了党在新时代经济、国防、外交等方面的核心观点。总而言之，“十个明确”将源于新时代社会实践的认识进行了提炼和升华。新时代中国共产党人的理论和方针政策之所以正确，就是因为是从新时代党的创新性实践中提炼而来的。“十个明确”是符合我国国情和发展要求的理论认识，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的核心观点。

The “Fourteen Perseverances” are the basic strategies for applying the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era to guide practice and promote work. Focusing on how to implement the spiritual essence and rich connotations of the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era into the actual work of the Party and the state, the 19th National Congress of the CPC put forward the “basic strategy for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era,” namely the “Fourteen Perseverances.” The “Fourteen Perseverances” are essentially an action program for applying the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era to promote work in practice. They are interconnected and mutually reinforcing with the “Ten Clarifications,” transforming the series of important theoretical viewpoints of the “Ten Clarifications” on upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era into specific measures for implementation in practice. They are the concretization of the “Ten Clarifications.” The “Fourteen Perseverances” clarify the basic path and effective methods for the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era to move from the theoretical level to the practical level, and from the achievements of theoretical innovation to the driving force of practical innovation.

“十四个坚持”是运用新时代党的创新理论指导实践、推动工作的基本方略。围绕如何将新时代党的创新理论的精神实质和丰富内涵贯彻到党和国家的实际工作中，党的十九大提出了“新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本方略”，即“十四个坚持”。“十四个坚持”实质上是在实践中运用新时代党的创新理论推动工作的行动纲领，与“十个明确”相互贯通、相辅相成，将“十个明确”关于在新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的系列重要理论观点转化为在实践中贯彻落实的具体举措，是对“十个明确”的具体化。“十四个坚持”明确了新时代党的创新理论从理论层面走向实践层面、从理论创新成果转化为实践创新动能的基本路径和有效方法。

The “Thirteen Areas of Achievement” are the scientific verification of the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era at the practical level, and also a vivid reflection of the achievements of practical innovation within the achievements of theoretical innovation. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that theoretical innovation in the New Era “is theoretical innovation based on practice, not fantasy concocted in an ivory tower. We must insist on discovering truth and developing truth in practice, and using practice to realize truth and test truth.” [27]27 Source: Xi Jinping, speech at a meeting marking the 200th anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx (2018). The major achievements of the Chinese Communists in the New Era are the test of the scientific nature of the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era at the practical level. The third historical resolution of the Party [28]28 The “third historical resolution” refers to the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century, adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee in November 2021. systematically summarized the thirteen major achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. This is not only a systematic summary of the practical achievements and experiences of the Chinese Communists in the New Era in upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, but also tests and demonstrates the practical power of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The 20th National Congress of the CPC further summarized the historic achievements and historic changes in the cause of the Party and the state over the past decade of the New Era in sixteen aspects. The practical achievements of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era are not only of milestone significance in the history of the Party and the state, but also transform the Party’s original achievements in practical innovation into regular understandings, becoming the main content of the Party’s innovative theory in the New Era.

“十三个方面成就”是新时代党的创新理论在实践层面的科学验证，也是实践创新成果在理论创新成果中的生动反映。习近平总书记指出，新时代的理论创新“是实践基础上的理论创新，而不是坐在象牙塔内的空想，必须坚持在实践中发现真理、发展真理，用实践来实现真理、检验真理”。新时代中国共产党人取得的重大成就，是新时代党的创新理论科学性在实践层面的检验。党的第三个历史决议系统概括的新时代中国特色社会主义十三个方面重大成就，既是对新时代中国共产党人坚持和发展中国特色社会主义实践成果与经验的系统总结，也检验和彰显了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的实践伟力。党的二十大又对新时代十年党和国家事业取得的历史性成就、发生的历史性变革作了十六个方面的概括。新时代中国特色社会主义的实践成就不仅在党和国家的历史上具有里程碑意义，而且将党在实践创新中的原创性成果转化为规律性认识，成为新时代党的创新理论的主要内容。

3. The Positions, Viewpoints, and Methods Running Through the Virtuous Interaction between Theoretical Innovation and Practical Innovation in the New Era

3.贯穿新时代理论创新与实践创新良性互动的立场观点方法

The achievements of the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the New Era show that the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Xi Jinping as their main representative, on the basis of the existing foundation of the theory and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, have opened a new chapter in upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, achieving a new leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Especially in the process of promoting the virtuous interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the New Era, the Chinese Communists in the New Era have refined and summarized the positions, viewpoints, and methods for continuing to advance theoretical innovation based on practice and realizing the virtuous interaction between theoretical and practical innovation on the new journey. These are the “Six Musts” systematically elaborated in the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, which contain the scientific methods for the Party to promote the close integration and deep interaction of theoretical innovation and practical innovation.

新时代党的理论创新与实践创新成就表明，以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人在中国特色社会主义理论与实践的既有基础之上，开创了新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的崭新篇章，实现了马克思主义中国化时代化新的飞跃。特别是在推动新时代党的理论创新与实践创新良性互动的过程中，新时代中国共产党人从中提炼和总结出在新的征程上继续推进实践基础上的理论创新、实现理论与实践创新良性互动的立场观点方法，即党的二十大报告系统阐述的“六个必须坚持”，其中蕴含着党推进理论创新与实践创新紧密结合、深度互动的科学方法。

“Must put the people first” clarifies, not only from the perspective of fundamental stance but also from the perspective of the source of innovation, that continuing to advance theoretical innovation and practical innovation requires “taking a people-centered stance, grasping the people’s aspirations, respecting the people’s creativity, and pooling the people’s wisdom.” “Must maintain self-confidence and self-reliance” clarifies the basic point for continuing to advance theoretical innovation and practical innovation, namely that “China’s problems must be addressed starting from China’s basic national conditions.” “Must uphold fundamental principles and break new ground” clarifies that we must constantly expand the breadth and depth of understanding in accordance with the pace of the times and the development of practice, and “guide new practice with new theory.” “Must adopt a problem-oriented approach” clarifies that theoretical innovation must focus more on and answer “new problems encountered in practice, deep-seated problems in reform, development, and stability, pressing problems of urgent concern to the people, major problems in the changing international landscape, and prominent problems facing Party building.” “Must apply systems thinking” clarifies, from the perspective of scientific thinking methods, that theoretical innovation and practical innovation must enhance strategic thinking, historical thinking, dialectical thinking, systematic thinking, innovative thinking, rule-of-law thinking, and bottom-line thinking. “Must maintain a global vision” clarifies, from the perspective of vision, that theoretical innovation and practical innovation must not only actively contribute to solving common problems facing humanity, but also draw on and absorb all outstanding achievements of human civilization with a broad mind. These six aspects contain the important methods, basic ideas, and scientific attitudes for continuing to advance the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation, as well as the methods and principles for promoting the transformation of the Party’s innovative theoretical understandings in the New Era into creative practical effectiveness.

“必须坚持人民至上”，不仅从根本立场角度，还从创新的源泉角度明确了继续推进理论创新与实践创新必须“站稳人民立场、把握人民愿望、尊重人民创造、集中人民智慧”。“必须坚持自信自立”，明确了继续推进理论创新与实践创新的基本点，即“中国的问题必须从中国基本国情出发”。“必须坚持守正创新”，明确了要根据时代步伐和实践的发展不断拓展认识的广度和深度，“以新的理论指导新的实践”。“必须坚持问题导向”则明确了理论创新要更加聚焦和回答“实践遇到的新问题、改革发展稳定存在的深层次问题、人民群众急难愁盼问题、国际变局中的重大问题、党的建设面临的突出问题”。“必须坚持系统观念”，从科学思维方法角度明确了理论创新与实践创新必须增强战略思维、历史思维、辩证思维、系统思维、创新思维、法治思维、底线思维能力。“必须坚持胸怀天下”，从视野角度明确了理论创新与实践创新既要积极为解决人类面临的共同问题作出贡献，也要以宽阔胸襟借鉴吸收人类一切优秀文明成果。这六个方面蕴含着继续推进党的理论创新与实践创新的重要方法、基本思路、科学态度，也蕴含着推动新时代党的创新性理论认识转化为创造性实践效能的方法与原则。

III. Advancing the Building of a Strong Country and National Rejuvenation through the Virtuous Interaction between Theoretical Innovation and Practical Innovation

三、在理论创新与实践创新的良性互动中推进强国建设、民族复兴

“Practice has no end, and theoretical innovation has no end either.” [29]29 Source: Xi Jinping, report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC (2017). Although the current era is very different from the era in which the classical Marxist writers lived, “from the broad perspective of five hundred years of world socialism, we are still in the historical era indicated by Marxism.” [30]30 Source Marxism does not end truth, but continuously opens up the path to discovering truth in practice. The virtuous interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation will also become more systematic and profound as the breadth and depth of theoretical innovation and practical innovation expand. On the new journey, to uphold Marxism, “the most important thing is to uphold the basic principles of Marxism and the positions, viewpoints, and methods that run through them,” [31]31 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Marx,” May 4, 2018. and at the same time, we must “insist on using ideological and theoretical innovation to lead the innovation of reform practice, and on summarizing practical experience to promote the enrichment and development of ideology and theory,” [32]32 Xi Jinping, “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects — Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” October 16, 2022. providing powerful ideological guidance for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.

“实践没有止境，理论创新也没有止境。”虽然当今时代已与马克思主义经典作家所处的时代有了很大不同，“但从世界社会主义五百年的大视野来看，我们依然处在马克思主义所指明的历史时代”，马克思主义并没有结束真理，而是在实践中不断开辟发现真理的道路。党的理论创新与实践创新的良性互动也会随着理论创新与实践创新的广度与深度拓展而更加系统和更加深刻。在新的征程上坚持马克思主义，“最重要的是坚持马克思主义基本原理和贯穿其中的立场、观点、方法”，同时也要“坚持以思想理论创新引领改革实践创新，以总结实践经验推动思想理论丰富和发展”，为强国建设、民族复兴提供强大的思想指引。

1. Grasping the New Requirements for the Party’s Theoretical Innovation and Practical Innovation Posed by Changes in the Situation and Tasks on the New Journey

1.把握新征程形势任务的变化对党的理论创新与实践创新提出的新要求

Marxism “provides not a ready-made dogma, but a starting point for further investigation and a method for such investigation.” [33]33 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage,” June 2, 2023. The secret to Marxism’s ability to always maintain its vitality lies in its constant “keeping pace with the times, sharing the destiny with the people, and focusing on and answering the major issues raised by the times and practice.” [34]34 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Marx,” May 4, 2018. On the new journey, to continue promoting the virtuous interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation, we must accurately grasp the new requirements posed by changes in the international and domestic situations and tasks, and use Marxist positions, viewpoints, and methods to analyze and study major theoretical and practical issues.

马克思主义“提供的不是现成的教条，而是进一步研究的出发点和供这种研究使用的方法”。马克思主义之所以能够始终永葆生机活力，奥妙就在于始终“与时代同步伐，与人民共命运，关注和回答时代和实践提出的重大课题”新征程上，继续推进党的理论创新与实践创新良性互动，必须准确把握国际国内形势任务变化提出的新要求，运用马克思主义立场观点方法分析和研究重大理论和实践问题。

The overall strategy of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation raises the demand for theoretical innovation and practical innovation. Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the “greatest dream” of the Chinese nation since modern times and the historical theme for which the Communist Party of China has struggled for over a hundred years. Entering the New Era, the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation “has entered an irreversible historical process.” However, while approaching the goal of national rejuvenation as never before, “the speed of change in the situation and environment, the weight of the tasks of reform, development, and maintaining stability, the multitude of contradictions, risks, and challenges, and the magnitude of the test for our Party’s governance of the country are all unprecedented,” and “Chinese-path modernization has opened up broad prospects for the Party’s theoretical innovation and raised new, more arduous and heavy tasks.” There is no ready-made answer for the Chinese nation’s march toward rejuvenation; we must closely focus on the goal of national rejuvenation to open up new situations in practice, and we must also closely focus on the goal of national rejuvenation to continuously expand the breadth and depth of understanding, forming an innovative theory that is compatible with the goal of national rejuvenation and unified with the building of a great modern socialist country, and “use new theory to guide new practice.”

中华民族伟大复兴战略全局提出理论创新与实践创新要求。实现中华民族伟大复兴是中华民族近代以来“最伟大的梦想”，是中国共产党百余年来为之奋斗的历史主题。进入新时代，实现中华民族伟大复兴“进入了不可逆转的历史进程”。但是，在前所未有地接近民族复兴目标的同时，“形势环境变化之快、改革发展稳定任务之重、矛盾风险挑战之多、对我们党治国理政考验之大前所未有”，“中国式现代化为党的理论创新开辟了广阔前景，提出了新的更加艰巨繁重的任务”。中华民族走向复兴没有现成答案，需要我们紧紧围绕实现民族复兴的目标在实践中开创新的局面，也需要紧紧围绕民族复兴的目标不断拓展认识的广度和深度，形成同民族复兴目标相适应、同社会主义现代化强国建设相统一的创新理论，并“以新的理论指导新的实践”。

The changes unseen in a century in the world raise the demand for theoretical innovation and practical innovation. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Chinese Communists, with Comrade Xi Jinping as their chief

世界百年未有之大变局提出理论创新与实践创新要求。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人准确把握当今时代潮流和国际大势，提出“世界百年未有之大变局”的重要论断。概言之，这个“大变局”主要说的是国际格局和国际体系之“变”、全球治理体系之“变”、国际力量对比之“变”，其中主要的变量在于第二次世界大战以后特别是进入21世纪以来“发展中国家整体崛起，新兴市场国家实力不断壮大，世界经济版图发生深刻变化”，国际格局发生“东升西降”的重大变化；特别是中国的快速发展，极大地推动了世界多极化的趋势。这种“大变局”之下，“新兴市场国家和发展中国家的崛起速度之快前所未有，新一轮科技革命和产业变革带来的新陈代谢和激烈竞争前所未有，全球治理体系与国际形势变化的不适应、不对称前所未有”。世界格局的深刻调整和变化，不仅在实践层面带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战，也产生了大量需要回答的现实问题与理论课题，需要继续通过推进理论创新与实践创新的良性互动加以回答和解决。

2. Adhering to the “Two Integrations” to Advance Theoretical Innovation on the Basis of New Practical Innovation

2.坚持以“两个结合”推进新的实践创新基础上的理论创新

The “Two Integrations” are the fundamental path for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, providing the fundamental guidance for continuing to advance theoretical innovation on the basis of practice. The process of adhering to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture is precisely the process of advancing the benign interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation; to deepen this benign interaction, it is still necessary to adhere to the “Two Integrations,” to advance theoretical innovation on the basis of new practice, and to provide powerful ideological guidance for new and broader practice.

“两个结合”是推进马克思主义中国化时代化的根本途径，为继续推进实践基础上的理论创新提供了根本遵循。坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合的过程，就是推进党的理论创新与实践创新良性互动的过程；深化这种良性互动，仍然需要坚持“两个结合”，推进新的实践基础上的理论创新，为新的、更加宏阔的实践提供强有力的思想引领。

Adhering to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities enables the Party’s theoretical innovations to reflect the achievements of practical innovation more comprehensively and systematically and to meet the needs of practical innovation. Any theory, once divorced from practice, loses its vitality. The integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities is both concrete and historical; it must be integrated with China’s historical characteristics, and it must also be integrated with the current specific realities in light of changes in objective circumstances. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Whether Marxism can play a role in practice depends on whether the basic tenets of Marxism can be integrated with China’s specific realities and the features of the times.” [31]31 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Marx,” May 4, 2018. Continuing to advance the deeper interaction and integration of the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation likewise requires adhering to the “First Integration,” proceeding from the characteristics of contemporary China and the developmental situation of the world, and, in the process of using the “arrow” of Marxism to hit the “target” of China in the New Era, “making correct answers that conform to China’s realities and the requirements of the times, arriving at scientific understandings that conform to objective laws, and forming theoretical results that keep pace with the times.” [32]32 Xi Jinping, “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects — Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” October 16, 2022.

坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，使党的理论创新成果更加全面系统地反映实践创新成果、符合实践创新需要。任何理论一旦脱离了实践，就会失去生命力。把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合是具体的也是历史的，既要同中国的历史特点相结合，又要根据客观情况的变化同当前的具体实际相结合。习近平总书记指出：“马克思主义能不能在实践中发挥作用，关键在于能否把马克思主义基本原理同中国实际和时代特征结合起来”。继续推进党的理论创新与实践创新更深入地互动融合，同样需要坚持“第一个结合”，一切从当代中国特点与世界发展形势出发，在用马克思主义之“矢”射新时代中国之“的”的过程中，“作出符合中国实际和时代要求的正确回答，得出符合客观规律的科学认识，形成与时俱进的理论成果”。

Adhering to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture injects the genes of Chinese civilization into the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation and opens up space for innovation. Although Marxism and the best of traditional Chinese culture have different sources and foundations of generation, they are highly compatible with each other. The “Second Integration” likewise runs through the entire process of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Clearly proposing the “Second Integration” is a major innovation by the Chinese Communists in the New Era in advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Adhering to the “Second Integration” means continuously endowing Marxism with the genes of Chinese culture, so that Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times bears distinct Chinese cultural characteristics and civilizational features; but this “integration” is not a simple “mosaic,” but rather the creation of an “organically unified new cultural life form,” that is, “making Marxism Chinese and making the best of traditional Chinese culture modern.” [33]33 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage,” June 2, 2023. Continuing to advance the benign interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation must adhere to the “Second Integration,” so that while the Communist Party of China gains the initiative in ideology and culture, it can also, within a broader cultural space, use the precious resources of the best of traditional Chinese culture to explore theoretical and practical innovations facing the future, thereby opening up a broader space for interaction and development for the Party’s theoretical and practical innovations.

坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合，为党的理论创新与实践创新注入中华文明基因、开拓创新空间。马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化虽然有着不同的来源和生成根基，但却彼此高度契合。“第二个结合”同样贯穿马克思主义中国化时代化进程。明确提出“第二个结合”，是新时代中国共产党人推进马克思主义中国化时代化的重大创新。坚持“第二个结合”，意味着要不断赋予马克思主义以中华文化基因，使中国化时代化的马克思主义带有鲜明的中国文化特色与文明特点；但这种“结合”并不是简单“拼盘”，而是要造就一个“有机统一的新的文化生命体”，即“让马克思主义成为中国的，中华优秀传统文化成为现代的”。继续推进党的理论创新与实践创新的良性互动，必须坚持“第二个结合”，使中国共产党在思想和文化上掌握主动权的同时，在更广阔的文化空间中运用中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源探索面向未来的理论和实践创新，为党的理论与实践创新开启更为广阔的互动和发展空间。

3. Drawing on Experience from the Innovative Practice of Chinese-Path Modernization to Advance Theoretical Innovation

3.从中国式现代化的创新实践中总结经验推动理论创新

The opening up and development of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is inseparable from the creative practical experience of the Party and the people in the various historical periods of revolution, construction, and reform. China in the New Era is undergoing profound social changes. Only “the Chinese people who are in the midst of this great historical transformation are more qualified and more capable of revealing the historical experience and laws of development contained therein, and of making original Chinese contributions to the development of Marxism.” [34]34 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Ceremony Commemorating the 200th Anniversary of the Birth of Marx,” May 4, 2018. The new questions raised by comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization are more complex and difficult than in the past, requiring us to continue advancing theoretical innovation on the basis of summing up practical experience, so as to provide ideological guidance for broader practical innovation.

马克思主义中国化时代化的开辟和发展，与党和人民在革命、建设、改革各个历史时期的创造性实践经验密不可分。新时代中国正在发生深刻的社会变革，只有“置身这一历史巨变之中的中国人更有资格、更有能力揭示这其中所蕴含的历史经验和发展规律，为发展马克思主义作出中国的原创性贡献”。以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴提出的新考题比过去更复杂、更难，需要我们在总结实践经验的基础之上继续推进理论创新，为更加宏阔的实践创新提供思想引领。

The innovative practice of the Communist Party of China in leading the advancement and expansion of Chinese-path modernization is a “rich mine” for continuing to advance the Party’s theoretical innovation on the new journey. Original ideological theories must be rooted in the creative practice of the Party and the people. The depth and breadth of the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the New Era have undergone unprecedented changes. This social transformation is an original, epochal, and subjective practical transformation based on China’s national conditions. Advancing Chinese-path modernization is a pioneering undertaking; the unique worldview, values, historical view, civilizational view, democratic view, ecological view, and other concepts contained in Chinese-path modernization, as well as its great practice, “constitute a major innovation in the world’s modernization theory and practice.” [35]35 Xi Jinping, “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects — Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” October 16, 2022. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Chinese Communists in the New Era, on the basis of long-term exploration and practice since the founding of New China, especially since reform and opening up, and through innovative breakthroughs in theory and practice since the New Era, have successfully advanced and expanded Chinese-path modernization. This is “a very grand and unique practical innovation in human history,” [36]36 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Study Session on the Study and Implementation of the Spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” February 7, 2023. which has accumulated more theoretical understanding and fresh experience in line with the new historical characteristics in various fields and aspects of the Party’s and the state’s undertakings, and has also provided more systematic empirical support and richer ideological material for the Party’s theoretical innovation on the new journey.

中国共产党领导推进和拓展中国式现代化的创新实践，是新征程上继续推进党的理论创新的“富矿”。原创性的思想理论，必然根植于党和人民的创造性实践。新时代党的理论创新与实践创新的深度和广度都发生了前所未有的变革。这种社会变革，是基于中国国情的原创性、时代性、主体性实践变革。推进中国式现代化，是一项开创性的事业；中国式现代化蕴含的独特世界观、价值观、历史观、文明观、民主观、生态观等及其伟大实践，“是对世界现代化理论和实践的重大创新”。党的十八大以来，新时代中国共产党人在新中国成立特别是改革开放以来长期探索和实践基础上，经过新时代以来在理论和实践上的创新突破，成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化。这是“人类历史上非常宏大而独特的实践创新”，在党和国家事业的各个领域、各个方面都积累了更多符合新的历史特点的理论认识与新鲜经验，也为新征程上党的理论创新提供了更为系统的经验支撑和更为丰富的思想素材。

The theoretical system of Chinese-path modernization has been continuously enriched and developed on the basis of summing up the practical experience of Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization is a major achievement formed through the long-term exploration of the Party and the people. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Chinese Communists in the New Era have not only continuously enriched it at the practical level, providing more complete institutional guarantees, a more solid material foundation, and a more proactive spiritual force for Chinese-path modernization; they have also deepened their understanding at the cognitive level, systematically summing up the practical experience of socialist modernization, deepening their understanding of the laws, connotations, and essence of Chinese-path modernization, summarizing and proposing the Chinese characteristics, essential requirements, and major principles of Chinese-path modernization, initially constructing a theoretical system of Chinese-path modernization, and further enriching Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Summarizing and proposing and deeply elaborating the theory of Chinese-path modernization is a major theoretical innovation of the 20th National Congress of the CPC and the latest major achievement of scientific socialism.” [37]37 Xi Jinping, “ To continue promoting theoretical innovation on the basis of practice, it is necessary to be adept at summarizing and transforming the practical experience of the Party and the people in exploring Chinese-path modernization, and to elevate it into a more clear, more scientific, more perceptible and feasible systematic and theoretical understanding, using theoretical innovation in Chinese-path modernization to lead practical innovation in Chinese-path modernization.

中国式现代化理论体系在总结中国式现代化实践经验基础之上不断丰富和发展。中国式现代化是党和人民经过长期探索形成的重大成果。党的十八大以来，新时代中国共产党人不仅在实践层面不断丰富，为中国式现代化提供了更为完善的制度保证、更为坚实的物质基础、更为主动的精神力量；而且在认识层面不断深化，在系统总结社会主义现代化建设实践经验基础之上，深化对于中国式现代化规律、内涵与本质的认识，概括提出中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求和重大原则，初步构建起中国式现代化理论体系，进一步丰富了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想。习近平总书记指出：“概括提出并深入阐述中国式现代化理论，是党的二十大的一个重大理论创新，是科学社会主义的最新重大成果。”继续推进实践基础上的理论创新，要善于总结、转化党和人民探索中国式现代化的实践经验，并将其上升为更加清晰、更加科学、更加可感可行的体系化、学理化认识，以中国式现代化理论创新引领中国式现代化实践创新。

“The current and future period is a critical period for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.” [38] Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, the Chinese Communists, with Comrade Xi Jinping as their main representative, in the process of deploying and promoting comprehensive and deepening reform, on the basis of a scientific summary of the valuable experience of comprehensive and deepening reform since reform and opening up, especially in the New Era, have formed a series of original, epochal, and guiding theoretical understandings of reform, clearly answering major questions such as why comprehensive and deepening reform is needed in the New Era and how to advance it. A series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments by General Secretary Xi Jinping on comprehensively deepening reform constitute “the most abundant, most vivid, and most creative component” of the Party’s theoretical innovation in the New Era. [39] To further comprehensively deepen reform and advance Chinese-path modernization, it is still necessary to rely on summing up practical experience and grasping the laws of reform. Based on the practical experience of comprehensively deepening reform since reform and opening up, especially in the New Era, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC put forward major theories and practical issues such as the major principles, goals and tasks, major measures, and scientific pathways for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization. This is another important achievement of the benign interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the New Era, “which is both a practical sequel to the comprehensive deepening of reform since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee and a new chapter of the times for advancing Chinese-path modernization on the new journey.” [40]

“当前和今后一个时期是以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期。”党的十八届三中全会以来，以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人在部署推动全面深化改革的过程中，在对改革开放以来特别是新时代全面深化改革宝贵经验的科学总结基础之上，形成了一系列原创性、时代性、指导性的改革理论认识，明确回答了新时代为什么要全面深化改革、怎样推进全面深化改革等重大问题。习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的一系列新思想、新观点、新论断构成新时代党的创新理论“最为丰富、最为生动、最富创意的组成部分”。进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化，依然要靠总结实践经验、把握改革规律。党的二十届三中全会基于改革开放以来特别是新时代以来全面深化改革的实践经验，提出进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的重大原则、目标任务、重大举措、科学路径等重大理论和实践问题。这是新时代党的理论创新与实践创新良性互动的又一重要成果，“既是党的十八届三中全会以来全面深化改革的实践续篇，也是新征程推进中国式现代化的时代新篇”。

In summary, the benign interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation in the New Era is an important reason for promoting the historic achievements and historic changes in the various undertakings of the Party and the state in the New Era, and it is also the internal driving force for the continuous enrichment and development of contemporary Chinese Marxism and Marxism in the twenty-first century. The Party’s theoretical innovation in the New Era is rooted in the vivid practice of the Chinese Communists in the New Era upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics; the practical innovation guided by the Party’s innovative theory also provides richer original resources for theoretical innovation that has “advanced to a higher level.” [41] This benign interaction between the Party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation ensures that the Party’s theoretical innovation can always reflect and meet the practical requirements of development, and also ensures that the Party’s practical innovation always has correct theoretical guidance and ideological leadership, endowing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times with a sustained driving force.

总而言之，新时代党的理论创新与实践创新的良性互动，是推动新时代党和国家各项事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革新局面的重要原因，也是当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义不断丰富和发展的内在动力。新时代党的理论创新，根植于新时代中国共产党人坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的生动实践；在党的创新理论指导下的实践创新也为“进到了高一级的程度”的理论创新提供了更为丰富的原创性资源。党的理论创新与实践创新之间的这种良性互动，使党的理论创新始终能够反映和符合实践发展的现实要求，也使党的实践创新始终具有正确的理论指导和思想引领，赋予马克思主义中国化时代化以持续的动力保证。

Online editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆