The Practical Power and Experiential Insights of the Party’s Strategy for Governing Tibet in the New Era

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized on August 20, while listening to the work report of the Tibet Autonomous Region Party Committee and government, that “Tibet must fully implement the Party’s strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era, adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development philosophy, solidly promote high-quality development, and persistently and deeply focus on the four major tasks of stability, development, ecology, and strengthening border areas, striving to build a new socialist Tibet that is united, prosperous, civilized, harmonious, and beautiful.” Over the 60 years since the establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee and with the vigorous support of the people nationwide, the cadres and masses of all ethnic groups in Tibet have worked hard and struggled tenaciously. The system of regional ethnic autonomy has been successfully practiced, the struggle against separatism has been highly effective, freedom of religious belief has been fully respected and guaranteed, economic and social development has been comprehensive, and the people’s lives have greatly improved. The face of Tibet and the face of the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet have undergone earth-shaking historical changes. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to Tibet’s development and shown deep concern for the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, establishing the Party’s strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era, driving all-round progress and historic achievements in various undertakings in Tibet, and continuously creating new miracles of Chinese-path modernization on the roof of the world. On the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, it is of great significance to deeply understand, grasp, and fully implement the Party’s strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era, and to write a new chapter of lasting peace, order, and high-quality development on the plateau from a new historical starting point.

习近平总书记8月20日在听取西藏自治区党委和政府工作汇报时强调，“西藏要全面贯彻新时代党的治藏方略，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，扎实推动高质量发展，持续深入抓好稳定、发展、生态、强边四件大事，努力建设团结富裕文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化新西藏”。西藏自治区成立60年来，在党中央坚强领导下，在全国人民大力支持下，西藏各族干部群众艰苦奋斗、顽强拼搏，民族区域自治制度成功实践，反分裂斗争富有成效，宗教信仰自由得到充分尊重和保障，经济社会全面发展，人民生活极大改善，西藏的面貌、西藏各族人民的面貌发生了翻天覆地的历史性巨变。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视西藏发展、十分关心西藏各族人民，确立新时代党的治藏方略，推动西藏各项事业取得全方位进步、历史性成就，中国式现代化在世界屋脊不断创造新的奇迹。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程上，深刻理解把握、全面贯彻落实新时代党的治藏方略，立足新的历史起点谱写高原大地长治久安和高质量发展新篇章，具有十分重大的意义。

I

一

Tibet is an important national security barrier, an important ecological security barrier, an important strategic resource reserve base, an important base for highland-characteristic agricultural products, an important protected area for the characteristic culture of the Chinese nation, and an important world tourism destination. This strategic positioning fully reflects Tibet’s important status and role in the overall work of the Party and the state, and fully demonstrates that doing a good job in Tibet is a major plan of the Party and a “major matter of the state.” [1]1 The "two overall situations" (两个大局) refers to the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the overall situation of changes unseen in a century.

西藏是重要的国家安全屏障、重要的生态安全屏障，也是重要的战略资源储备基地、重要的高原特色农产品基地，同时还是重要的中华民族特色文化保护地、重要的世界旅游目的地。这一战略定位，充分体现了西藏在党和国家工作全局中的重要地位和作用，充分体现了做好西藏工作是党之大计、“国之大者”。

Our Party has always attached great importance to work in Tibet. Over a long period, our Party has adhered to combining the basic principles of Marxism with Tibet’s specific realities, and based on the situation and tasks of different historical periods, has proposed a series of important ideas and policies, laying a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the formation of the Party’s strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era. Comrade Mao Zedong creatively applied Marxist ethnic theory, and in the process of promoting Tibet’s peaceful liberation, democratic reform, and socialist construction, fully considered Tibet’s special regional conditions, proposing pioneering ideas for governing Tibet such as abolishing ethnic oppression, “managing Tibet,” and “ethnic equality, unity, and mutual assistance,” guiding the Tibetan people to jointly embark on the socialist path and implement the system of regional ethnic autonomy, laying the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional foundation for Tibet’s development and progress. Comrade Deng Xiaoping emphasized that “the focus of work in Tibet is to develop the economy and improve the people’s lives,” establishing the basic approach centered on economic construction and policies benefiting Tibet and its people, vigorously supporting Tibet in strengthening economic construction, and significantly improving the people’s living standards. Since the 1990s, based on changes in the domestic and international situation, the Party Central Committee established the focus and basic approach of the Party’s work in Tibet, proposing the policy of “long-term construction of Tibet, winning over the people” and “grasping the two major tasks of development and stability,” emphasizing “adhering to a development path with Chinese characteristics and Tibetan features” and “ensuring a good ecological environment in Tibet,” continuously promoting Tibet’s leapfrog economic development and long-term social stability.

我们党历来高度重视西藏工作。长期以来，我们党坚持把马克思主义基本原理同西藏具体实际相结合，根据不同历史时期的形势和任务，提出了一系列重要思想和方针政策，为新时代党的治藏方略的形成奠定了坚实的理论和实践基础。毛泽东同志创造性地运用马克思主义民族理论，在推进西藏和平解放、民主改革、社会主义建设的过程中，充分考虑西藏的特殊区情，提出废除民族压迫、“经营西藏”、“民族平等、团结互助”等具有开创性的治藏思想，引导西藏人民共同走上社会主义道路，实行民族区域自治制度，为西藏的发展进步奠定了根本政治前提和制度基础。邓小平同志强调“西藏工作的着眼点是发展经济、改善人民生活”，确立了以经济建设为中心、政策惠藏惠民的基本思路，大力支持西藏加强经济建设，显著改善人民群众的生活。20世纪90年代以来，党中央根据国内外形势的发展变化，确立了党的西藏工作的重心和基本思路，提出“长期建藏、争取人心”、“抓好发展和稳定两件大事”的方针，强调“坚持走有中国特色、西藏特点的发展路子”、“确保西藏生态环境良好”，持续推动西藏经济跨越式发展和社会长期稳定。

The Party’s strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era has been tested and proven in the successful practice of the Chinese Communist Party’s governance of border areas and stabilization of Tibet, and has been continuously enriched and developed. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the situation and tasks facing Tibet work have undergone profound changes. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to Tibet work, deeply contemplating various issues of stability and development in Tibet. General Secretary Xi Jinping personally planned and deployed the convening of the Sixth

新时代党的治藏方略是在中国共产党治边稳藏的成功实践中得到检验证明并不断丰富发展而成的。党的十八大以来，西藏工作面临的形势和任务发生深刻变化，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视西藏工作，深刻思考西藏稳定、发展各方面问题。习近平总书记亲自谋划、亲自部署召开中央第六次、第七次西藏工作座谈会，亲临西藏考察工作、看望西藏干部群众，就西藏工作作出一系列重要论述，提出做好西藏工作的指导思想、总体要求和重点任务，明确了稳定、发展、生态、强边四件大事，制定了一系列优惠政策，规划了一系列的重大项目。习近平总书记坚持守正创新，不断深化对西藏工作的规律性认识，提出了一系列新理念新思想新战略。其中包括“治国必治边、治边先稳藏”的战略思想，把西藏工作的战略地位提升到前所未有的高度；提出依法治藏、富民兴藏、长期建藏、凝聚人心、夯实基础的重要原则，为西藏工作提供了基本依据；强调西藏工作的着眼点和着力点必须放到维护祖国统一、加强民族团结上来，指明了西藏工作的最根本任务；等等。中央第七次西藏工作座谈会将这一系列新理念新思想新战略整合，确立了新时代党的治藏方略，并将其概括为“十个必须”：必须坚持中国共产党领导、中国特色社会主义制度、民族区域自治制度，必须坚持治国必治边、治边先稳藏的战略思想，必须把维护祖国统一、加强民族团结作为西藏工作的着眼点和着力点，必须坚持依法治藏、富民兴藏、长期建藏、凝聚人心、夯实基础的重要原则，必须统筹国内国际两个大局，必须把改善民生、凝聚人心作为经济社会发展的出发点和落脚点，必须促进各民族交往交流交融，必须坚持我国宗教中国化方向、依法管理宗教事务，必须坚持生态保护第一，必须加强党的建设特别是政治建设。

The Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era, grounded in the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the actual work conditions in Tibet, profoundly reveals the inherent laws of work in Tibet and scientifically answers a series of directional, overarching, and strategic questions. It is the summation, refinement, and innovative development of the successful experience of the Chinese Communist Party in leading the people to govern, stabilize, and revitalize Tibet, and it is the concentrated embodiment of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era with regard to work in Tibet. The Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era, proceeding from safeguarding the core interests of the Chinese nation and the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, deeply grasps the world situation and China's national conditions, providing strategic guidance on how to conduct work in Tibet well in the New Era. It is the strategic blueprint for writing the Tibet chapter of Chinese-path modernization under the two overall situations.[1]1 The "two overall situations" (两个大局) refers to the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the overall situation of changes unseen in a century. The Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era provides the fundamental guidance for conducting work in Tibet and points the direction for promoting lasting peace and order and high-quality development in Tibet. It must be adhered to over the long term and fully implemented.

新时代党的治藏方略，立足中国特色社会主义实践和西藏工作实际，深刻揭示了西藏工作的内在规律，科学回答了一系列方向性、全局性、战略性问题，是中国共产党领导人民治藏稳藏兴藏成功经验的总结提炼和创新发展，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想关于西藏工作的集中体现。新时代党的治藏方略，从维护好中华民族的核心利益和西藏各族人民的根本利益出发，深刻把握世界形势和中国国情实际，对如何做好新时代西藏工作作出战略指引，是两个大局下谱写中国式现代化西藏篇章的战略擘画。新时代党的治藏方略，为做好西藏工作提供了根本遵循，为推动西藏长治久安和高质量发展指明了方向，必须长期坚持、全面落实。

II

二

Under the guidance of the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era, with the care of the Party Central Committee, the strong support of the people nationwide, and the joint efforts of the people throughout the region, Tibet has entered a historical period of the best development, the greatest changes, and the most tangible benefits for the people of all ethnic groups. The construction of a new socialist Tibet is displaying vigorous vitality.

在新时代党的治藏方略的指引下，在党中央关心、全国人民大力支持、全区人民共同努力下，西藏步入发展最好、变化最大、各族群众得实惠最多的历史时期，社会主义现代化新西藏建设展现勃勃生机。

The overall social situation has remained continuously stable and improving. Maintaining social stability has always been placed at the forefront of work throughout the region. We have continuously improved and perfected scientific mechanisms and normalized, law-based concepts, improved the social governance structure of joint contribution, shared governance, and shared benefits, and introduced plans for the modernization of social governance, significantly enhancing governance effectiveness. We have actively guided the masses to participate extensively in social governance, deeply carried out work such as resident cadres in villages, grid management, the creation and evaluation of "paired households,"[2]2 "Paired households" (双联户) is a grassroots social governance mechanism in Tibet where households are paired up for mutual assistance, security, and participation in community affairs. and grassroots peace-building activities, promoting the resolution of the masses' reasonable demands and practical difficulties. We have innovated governance models, accelerated the construction of a smart, intelligent, and three-dimensional public security prevention and control system, and relying on big data and information platforms, initially built "smart cities" and "smart border defenses." The public security situation in Tibet has continued to improve, and the sense of security and satisfaction of the people of all ethnic groups has consistently remained above 99%.

社会大局持续稳定向好。始终将维护社会稳定置于全区工作首位，持续完善健全科学化的机制和常态化、法治化的理念，完善共建共治共享的社会治理格局，出台社会治理现代化方案，显著提升治理效能。积极引导群众广泛参与社会治理，深入开展干部驻村、网格化管理、“双联户”创建评比、基层平安创建活动等工作，推动解决群众合理诉求和实际困难。创新治理模式，加速构建智慧化、智能化、立体化治安防控体系，依托大数据、信息化平台，初步建成“智慧城市”、“智慧边防”。西藏社会治安形势持续向好，各族群众的安全感满意度持续保持在99%以上。

Sustained and rapid economic growth. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Tibet's gross regional product has successively crossed multiple ten-billion-yuan thresholds, reaching 276.5 billion yuan in 2024, with per capita gross regional product exceeding 75,000 yuan. The industrial structure has been continuously optimized, distinctive and advantageous industries have flourished, and new drivers of growth have been steadily cultivated and expanded. Infrastructure construction has achieved historic accomplishments: the Sichuan-Tibet Railway has commenced full-scale construction, the Lhasa-Nyingchi Railway has been completed and opened to traffic, the Sichuan-Tibet Highway has undergone comprehensive renovation and upgrading, the traffic capacity of the Yunnan-Tibet, Xinjiang-Tibet, and Qinghai-Tibet highways has been continuously improved, the expansion and renovation project of the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been accelerated, the expansion and renovation project of Gonggar Airport has been completed and put into operation, the expansion and renovation projects of Ngari and Xigaze airports have been accelerated, the Sichuan-Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet, and Central Tibet power interconnection projects have been successively completed, the Sichuan-Tibet natural gas pipeline project has commenced construction, and a "five horizontals, five verticals" trunk highway network has been basically formed. By the end of 2024, the total mileage of open highways in the region reached 124,900 kilometers, and the operating mileage of railways reached 1,359 kilometers, achieving the goals of highways reaching every county and railways reaching most counties, greatly promoting regional economic connectivity. Installed power generation capacity exceeds 10 million kilowatts, communication networks cover all townships and administrative villages, and the "bottleneck" constraint of infrastructure has been effectively alleviated.

经济持续快速增长。党的十八大以来，西藏地区生产总值连续跨越多个百亿元台阶，2024年全区生产总值达到2765亿元，人均地区生产总值超过7.5万元。产业结构不断优化，特色优势产业蓬勃发展，新动能不断培育壮大。基础设施建设取得历史性成就，川藏铁路全线开工建设，拉林铁路建成通车，川藏公路全线整治升级，滇藏、新藏、青藏公路通行能力不断提升，青藏铁路格拉段扩能改造工程加快推进，贡嘎机场改扩建工程竣工投运，阿里、日喀则机场改扩建工程加快实施，川藏、滇藏、藏中电力联网工程相继建成，川藏天然气管道工程开工建设，“五横五纵”干线公路网基本形成。截至2024年底，全区公路通车总里程达到12.49万公里，铁路运营里程达到1359公里，实现了县县通公路、大部分县通铁路的目标，极大地促进了区域经济互联互通。电力装机容量超1000万千瓦，通信网络覆盖所有乡镇和行政村，基础设施“瓶颈”制约得到有效缓解。

Continuous improvement in people's wellbeing. A comprehensive victory has been achieved in the fight against poverty: all 628,000 impoverished people have been lifted out of poverty, all 74 impoverished counties have been removed from the poverty list, absolute poverty has been historically resolved, and a moderately prosperous society has been built on schedule together with the rest of the country. In 2024, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in the region reached 21,578 yuan, a substantial increase from 5,698 yuan in 2012; the per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 55,444 yuan, a significant increase from 18,363 yuan in 2012. In 2024, the gross enrollment rate for preschool education reached 91.33%, the consolidation rate for nine-year compulsory education reached 97.86%, the gross enrollment rate for senior high school education reached 91.56%, and the gross enrollment rate for higher education reached 57.81%, with all major education indicators reaching or exceeding the national average. The "group-style" medical talent assistance to Tibet has helped Tibet significantly improve its medical service capacity, enabling the local treatment of many diseases. Average life expectancy has increased by nearly six years over a period of more than ten years, and the health level of the population has significantly improved. The registered urban unemployment rate in the region has been kept within 5%, the number of newly added jobs has increased year by year, and zero-employment households have been continuously and dynamically eliminated. The social security system has been continuously improved, a multi-tiered social security system covering both urban and rural residents has been basically established, and the basic medical insurance participation rate has reached over 95%.

民生福祉不断增进。脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利，62.8万贫困人口全部脱贫，74个贫困县全部摘帽，历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题，同全国各地一道如期全面建成小康社会。2024年，全区农村居民人均可支配收入达21578元，较2012年的5698元实现大幅跃升；城镇居民人均可支配收入达55444元，较2012年的18363元显著增长。2024年，学前教育毛入园率达91.33%、九年义务教育巩固率达97.86%、高中阶段毛入学率达91.56%、高等教育毛入学率达57.81%，主要教育指标均达到或超过全国平均水平。医疗人才“组团式”援藏行动助力西藏大幅提升医疗服务能力，实现多种疾病在西藏本地治疗。人均预期寿命在10多年的时间内增长了近6岁，群众健康水平显著提升。全区城镇登记失业率控制在5%以内，新增就业岗位数量逐年增加，零就业家庭持续动态清零。社会保障体系不断完善，覆盖城乡居民的多层次社会保障体系基本建立，基本医疗保险参保率达到95%以上。

Solid progress in ethnic and religious work. Regulations and plans for the creation of model zones for ethnic unity and progress have been formulated and implemented, promoting exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups, continuously enhancing identification with the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Communist Party of China, and socialism with Chinese characteristics, and steadily advancing the cause of ethnic unity and progress. Exchanges, interactions, and integration among all ethnic groups have become more extensive and in-depth, with all seven prefectures (cities) having been established as national model prefectures (cities) for ethnic unity and progress, and the sense of community for the Chinese nation has been further consolidated. Adhering to the direction of the Sinicization of religions in China, the freedom of religious belief of the masses has been fully guaranteed, and education on "national consciousness, civic consciousness, and rule-of-law consciousness" has been extensively and deeply carried out. The management of religious affairs has become more standardized and law-based, the long-term mechanism for temple management has been continuously improved, and the management of religious activity venues has become more scientific and orderly, ensuring religious harmony and temple harmony in Tibet.

民族宗教工作扎实推进。制定实施民族团结进步模范区创建条例和规划，促进各民族交往交流交融，不断增强对伟大祖国、中华民族、中华文化、中国共产党、中国特色社会主义的认同，民族团结进步事业稳步推进。各民族交往交流交融更加广泛深入，7个地（市）全部创建为全国民族团结进步示范地（市），中华民族共同体意识进一步铸牢。坚持我国宗教中国化方向，群众的宗教信仰自由得到充分的保障，“国家意识、公民意识、法治意识”教育广泛深入开展。宗教事务管理更加规范化、法治化，寺庙管理长效机制不断完善，宗教活动场所的管理更加科学有序，确保了西藏的宗教和睦、寺庙和谐。

Flourishing development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries. Adhering to the principle of using culture to educate people and consolidate the soul, we have developed advanced socialist culture, promoted revolutionary culture, and inherited fine traditional Chinese culture. The protection and inheritance of cultural heritage have been strengthened, and a large number of precious cultural heritages have been effectively protected and utilized. The public cultural service system has been continuously improved, and the spiritual and cultural life of people of all ethnic groups has become richer. The region has basically achieved that every city (prefecture) has a library, a mass art center, and a museum; every county (district) has a comprehensive cultural activity center; every township (town) has a comprehensive cultural activity station; and every village (residential community) has a cultural activity room, with the coverage rate of public cultural service facilities reaching 100%, significantly enhancing the people's sense of cultural gain. Cultural industries have developed rapidly, and the cultural market has become increasingly prosperous. The proportion of the added value of cultural industries in the gross regional product has increased year by year, the number of cultural enterprises has significantly increased, and cultural industries have become an important engine driving Tibet's economic development.

文化事业和文化产业繁荣发展。坚持以文化人、凝心铸魂，发展社会主义先进文化，弘扬革命文化，传承中华优秀传统文化。加强文化遗产保护传承，一大批珍贵的文化遗产得到有效保护和利用。公共文化服务体系不断完善，各族群众的精神文化生活更加丰富。全区基本实现市（地）有图书馆、群众艺术馆、博物馆，县（区）有综合文化活动中心，乡（镇）有综合文化活动站，村（居）有文化活动室，公共文化服务设施覆盖率达到100%，人民群众的文化获得感显著增强。文化产业快速发展，文化市场日益繁荣。文化产业增加值占地区生产总值的比重逐年提高，文化企业数量显著增加，文化产业成为推动西藏经济发展的重要引擎。

The ecological security barrier is increasingly solid. Vigorously promoting the construction of a beautiful Tibet, actively exploring a path of green and sustainable development, and striving to build a national and even international ecological civilization highland. A series of laws and regulations, such as the "Regulations of the Tibet Autonomous Region on the Construction of a National Ecological Civilization Highland," have been promulgated and implemented, bringing ecological environmental protection work onto a law-based and standardized track. Ecosystem protection and restoration have been strengthened, the quality of the ecological environment has continuously improved, and plateau biodiversity has gradually increased. The region's forest coverage rate has increased from 11.98% in 2012 to 12.31% in 2024, and the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grasslands has increased from 40% in 2012 to the current 48.07%. Environmental supervision has been intensified, illegal acts that damage the ecological environment have been severely cracked down upon, the living environment has continuously improved, environmental law enforcement has been strengthened, the rate of investigation and punishment of environmental violations has significantly increased, awareness of ecological environmental protection has taken root in people's hearts, and a good atmosphere for the whole society to participate in ecological environmental protection has been formed.

生态安全屏障日益坚实。大力推进美丽西藏建设，积极探索绿色可持续发展之路，着力打造全国乃至国际生态文明高地。颁布实施《西藏自治区国家生态文明高地建设条例》等一系列法律法规，生态环境保护工作纳入法治化、规范化轨道。加强生态系统保护和修复，生态环境质量持续改善，高原生物多样性逐渐提升。全区森林覆盖率从2012年的11.98%提高到2024年的12.31%，草原综合植被盖度从2012年的40%提高到当前的48.07%。加大环境监管力度，严厉打击破坏生态环境的违法行为，人居环境状况持续改善，环境执法力度不断加强，环境违法案件查处率显著提高，生态环境保护意识深入人心，全社会共同参与生态环境保护的良好氛围已经形成。

Remarkable results in consolidating borders, revitalizing border areas, and enriching border residents. Actively creating a national demonstration zone for consolidating borders, revitalizing border areas, and enriching border residents, vigorously promoting work on consolidating national defense, stabilizing borders, and strengthening foundations, and accelerating high-quality development in border areas. The action to revitalize border areas and enrich border residents has been deeply advanced, with great efforts made to improve the production and living conditions of border residents. Infrastructure construction in border areas has been continuously improved, the production and living conditions of border residents have significantly improved, and the gap in economic and social development levels between border areas and the interior has gradually narrowed. Border control capabilities have significantly improved, the security situation in border areas is stable, and national territorial sovereignty has been effectively safeguarded. Promoting the economic and social development of border areas, improving the subsidy mechanism for border residents, vigorously developing distinctive industries in border areas, continuously increasing the income level of border residents, greatly improving the lives of border residents, and further enhancing the national identity and sense of belonging of border residents.

固边兴边富民成效显著。积极创建国家固边兴边富民行动示范区，大力推进固防稳边、强基固边工作，加快边境地区高质量发展。深入推进兴边富民行动，下大气力改善边境地区群众生产生活条件。边境地区基础设施建设不断完善，边境居民的生产生活条件显著改善，边境地区经济社会发展水平与内地的差距逐步缩小。边境管控能力显著提升，边境地区安全形势稳定，国家领土主权得到有力维护。促进边境地区经济社会发展，完善边民补助机制，边境地区特色产业蓬勃发展，边民收入水平不断提高，边境地区群众生活大幅改善，边民的国家认同感和归属感进一步增强。

III

三

The vivid practice of the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era has not only created a miracle of development and progress on the snow-covered plateau but has also crystallized precious experiential insights. These regularities, derived from practice and guiding practice, provide important methodological guidance for promoting lasting peace and order and high-quality development in Tibet on the new journey.

新时代党的治藏方略的生动实践，不仅创造了雪域高原发展进步的时代奇迹，而且凝结出弥足珍贵的经验启示。这些从实践中来、到实践中去的规律性认识，为新征程上推进西藏长治久安和高质量发展提供了重要的方法论指引。

Adhering to the Party's leadership is the fundamental guarantee. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized, "To do a good job in Tibet work, we must always adhere to the Party's leadership and strengthen Party building." Practice has fully proven that without the Communist Party of China, there would be no New China, and there would be no New Tibet; the Party Central Committee's principles and policies regarding Tibet work are completely correct. Only by adhering to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era, and the consolidation of the sense of community for the Chinese nation can we build a modern socialist New Tibet and jointly create a bright future for the Chinese nation. It is necessary to unrem

坚持党的领导是根本保证。习近平总书记强调，“做好西藏工作，必须始终坚持党的领导、加强党的建设”。实践充分证明，没有中国共产党就没有新中国，也就没有新西藏，党中央关于西藏工作的方针政策是完全正确的。只有坚持中国共产党领导，坚持中国特色社会主义道路，坚持民族区域自治制度，坚持新时代党的治藏方略，坚持铸牢中华民族共同体意识，才能建设好社会主义现代化新西藏，共创中华民族的美好未来。必须坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂，引导各族干部群众听党话、跟党走。加强党对西藏工作的集中统一领导，充分发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，把党的政治优势、组织优势转化为推动西藏发展稳定的强大力量。

Adhering to a people-centered approach is the fundamental stance. The people-centered essential attribute is the value guarantee for the success and sustained vitality of the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era. To fully implement the Party's strategy for governing Tibet in the New Era, it is necessary to adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, combining the care of the Party Central Committee and nationwide support with the hard work of cadres and people of all ethnic groups in Tibet, continuously advancing various undertakings, and constantly meeting the aspirations and expectations of the people of all ethnic groups in Tibet for a better life. We must persistently increase investment and support for Tibet's development, consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, coordinate the advancement of new-type urbanization and comprehensive rural revitalization, and deeply promote the action to revitalize border areas and enrich the people in the New Era, so that the fruits of reform and development benefit all ethnic groups more equitably.

坚持以人民为中心是根本立场。以人民为中心的本质属性是新时代党的治藏方略取得成功并保持旺盛生命力的价值保障。全面贯彻新时代党的治藏方略，必须坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，把党中央关心、全国支援同西藏各族干部群众艰苦奋斗结合起来，不断推动各项事业发展，不断满足西藏各族群众对美好生活的向往和期待。持续加大对西藏发展的投入和支持力度，巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，统筹推进新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴，深入推进新时代兴边富民行动，让改革发展成果更多更公平惠及各族人民。

Adhering to the integrated planning of development and security is the fundamental method. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes, "To govern, stabilize, and revitalize Tibet, the first priority is to maintain political stability, social stability, ethnic unity, and religious harmony in Tibet." It is necessary to establish a holistic view of national security, resolutely oppose any form of separatist activities, and resolutely safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity. We must strengthen social governance, innovate social governance methods, improve social governance capacity, and ensure the sustained stability of the overall social situation in Tibet. We must adhere to the integrated planning of development and security, scientifically grasp the dynamic balance between development and security, ensuring security through development and promoting development through security. We must both accelerate economic and social development and maintain social stability and safeguard national security, promoting a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security.

坚持统筹发展和安全是根本方法。习近平总书记强调，“治藏稳藏兴藏，首先是要保持西藏的政治安定、社会稳定、民族团结、宗教和顺”。必须树立总体国家安全观，坚决反对任何形式的分裂活动，坚决维护国家主权和领土完整。加强社会治理，创新社会治理方式，提高社会治理能力，确保西藏社会大局持续稳定。坚持统筹发展和安全，科学把握发展和安全的动态平衡，在发展中保安全、在安全中促发展。既要加快经济社会发展，又要维护社会稳定、保障国家安全，推动高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动。

Adhering to high-quality development is the fundamental path. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes, "Tibet's development has its own characteristics; high-quality development must be promoted based on actual conditions." It is necessary to develop highland-specific advantageous industries according to local conditions, especially characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry and clean energy industries, continuously develop resource processing industries, actively develop modern service industries, and promote the integration of cultural and tourism industries. We must vigorously, orderly, and effectively advance major projects such as the Yalong River lower reaches hydropower project and the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. We must strengthen ecological civilization construction, coordinately promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and economic growth, and safeguard the "Roof of the World" and the "Asian Water Tower." We must solidly carry out livelihood work in employment, education, medical and health care, social security, elderly care, childcare, etc., further enhancing the sense of gain, happiness, and security of people of all ethnic groups.

坚持高质量发展是根本路径。习近平总书记强调，“西藏发展有自身特点，要从实际出发推动高质量发展”。必须因地制宜发展高原特色优势产业，特别是特色农牧业和清洁能源产业，持续发展资源加工业，积极发展现代服务业，促进文旅产业融合。有力有序有效推进雅下水电工程、川藏铁路等重大项目建设。加强生态文明建设，协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，守护好“世界屋脊”和“亚洲水塔”。扎实做好就业、教育、医疗卫生、社会保障、养老、托幼等民生工作，进一步提升各族群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感。

Adhering to forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation is the core requirement. The sense of community for the Chinese nation is the foundation of national unity, the root of ethnic solidarity, and the soul of spiritual strength. Tibet is a border region with ethnic diversity; it is necessary to further forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation and advance the building of the Chinese national community. We must strengthen propaganda and education on the history of the Party, the history of the People's Republic of China, the history of reform and opening up, the history of socialist development, and the history of the development of the Chinese nation. We must widely publicize the brilliant achievements of the Tibet Autonomous Region over the past 60 years, tell the story of Tibet in the New Era well, and guide cadres and people of all ethnic groups to continuously enhance the "Five Identifications." [3]3 The "Five Identifications" (五个认同) refer to identification with the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Communist Party of China, and socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must actively create national model zones for ethnic unity and progress, promote and popularize the national common language and script, facilitate interactions, exchanges, and integration among all ethnic groups, and promote two-way exchanges between Tibet and the interior in economy, culture, and personnel. In accordance with the requirements of systematically advancing the Sinicization of religion in China and strengthening the rule-of-law governance of religious affairs, we must guide Tibetan Buddhism to adapt to socialist society.

坚持铸牢中华民族共同体意识是核心要求。中华民族共同体意识是国家统一之基、民族团结之本、精神力量之魂。西藏是边疆民族地区，必须进一步铸牢中华民族共同体意识、推进中华民族共同体建设，加强党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史、中华民族发展史宣传教育，广泛宣传西藏自治区60年来的辉煌成就，讲好新时代西藏故事，引导各族干部群众不断增进“五个认同”。积极创建全国民族团结进步模范区，推广普及国家通用语言文字，促进各民族交往交流交融，推动西藏与内地经济、文化、人员双向交流。按照系统推进我国宗教中国化、加强宗教事务治理法治化的要求，引导藏传佛教与社会主义社会相适应。

Adhering to governing Tibet according to law is an important principle. Law-based governance is the basic strategy by which the Party leads the people in governing the country, and governing Tibet according to law is the concrete practice of law-based governance in Tibet. It is necessary to continuously strengthen the construction of the rule of law, improve the system of laws and regulations, and advance scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial justice, and universal compliance with the law. We must strengthen propaganda and education on the rule of law, raise the legal awareness of people of all ethnic groups, and guide them to consciously abide by the law, seek the law when encountering problems, and rely on the law to solve problems. We must strengthen the construction of a law-based government, improve the level of law-based administration, use legal thinking and legal methods to solve problems in Tibet's development and stability, and advance the modernization of Tibet's governance system and governance capacity.

坚持依法治藏是重要原则。依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略，依法治藏是依法治国在西藏的具体实践。必须不断加强法治建设，完善法律法规体系，推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法。加强法治宣传教育，提高各族群众的法治意识，引导各族群众自觉守法、遇事找法、解决问题靠法。加强法治政府建设，提高依法行政水平，运用法治思维和法治方式解决西藏发展稳定中的问题，推进西藏治理体系和治理能力现代化。

Adhering to the national chessboard is a powerful driving force. The national chessboard, concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks, is a significant advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The Tibet Autonomous Region has a special regional situation and a special status; Tibet's development and progress are inseparable from the strong support and selfless help of the people across the country. It is necessary to further integrate central support, paired assistance, and support from all sectors nationwide, forming a powerful joint force to jointly promote Tibet's development and stability. We must continuously innovate assistance methods for Tibet, improve the quality and level of assistance work, and achieve greater results in assistance work. We must leverage Tibet's own advantages, actively integrate into the national development landscape, and actively strengthen exchanges and cooperation with other regions to achieve mutual benefit and win-win outcomes.

坚持全国一盘棋是强大动力。全国一盘棋，集中力量办大事，是中国特色社会主义制度的显著优势。西藏自治区情特殊、地位特殊，西藏的发展进步离不开全国人民的大力支持和无私帮助。必须进一步把中央支持、对口支援和全国各方面支援结合起来，形成共同推动西藏发展稳定的强大合力。不断创新援藏方式，提高援藏工作质量和水平，推动援藏工作取得更大成效。发挥西藏自身优势，主动融入国家发展大局，积极加强与其他地区的交流合作，实现互利共赢。

(Author: Standing Committee Member of the Party Committee and Vice President of North Minzu University, Dean of the School of the Chinese National Community and the Institute of the Chinese National Community)

（作者：北方民族大学党委常委、副校长，中华民族共同体学院、中华民族共同体研究院院长）

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心