Strict Supervision and Discipline Enforcement Is a Sharp Weapon for the Party’s Self-Revolution

The Party’s self-revolution has no end, and comprehensive and strict governance of the Party must never be relaxed for a

党的自我革命永无止境，全面从严治党须臾不可松懈。习近平总书记指出，“从严监督执纪是党的自我革命的利器，对违纪违法问题必须坚决处理”。这一重要论述，不仅明确从严监督执纪在党的自我革命中的战略地位，更深刻阐明了其作为新时代管党治党关键举措的实践价值。推进党的自我革命，从严监督执纪，不仅是惩治腐败、整饬作风的关键手段，更是党继续进行伟大斗争，确保不变质、不变色、不变味的重要支撑。深入理解和把握从严监督执纪在党的自我革命中的重要地位与关键作用，对于新时代推进党的建设新的伟大工程具有深远意义。

I. Strict Supervision and Discipline Enforcement Is a Glorious Tradition Forged by the Party in Its Century-Long Struggle

一、从严监督执纪是党在百余年奋斗中淬炼的光荣传统

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Our Party has such a long history, such a large scale, and has been in power for so long. How can it break out of the historical cycle of rise and fall? Comrade Mao Zedong gave the first answer in a cave dwelling in Yan’an, which was ‘only by letting the people supervise the government will the government not dare to slack off.’ After a century of struggle, especially the new practice since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has given the second answer, which is self-revolution.” This important exposition profoundly reveals the internal logic of strict supervision and discipline enforcement. It is embedded in the theoretical system of Marxist party doctrine, runs through the glorious course of the Party’s century-long struggle, and is an inevitable choice for the Party in the New Era to respond to risks and challenges and maintain its vitality.

习近平总书记指出：“我们党历史这么长、规模这么大、执政这么久，如何跳出治乱兴衰的历史周期率？毛泽东同志在延安的窑洞里给出了第一个答案，这就是‘只有让人民来监督政府，政府才不敢松懈’。经过百年奋斗特别是党的十八大以来新的实践，我们党又给出了第二个答案，这就是自我革命。”这一重要论述深刻揭示了从严监督执纪的内在逻辑。它内嵌于马克思主义政党学说的理论体系，贯穿于党百余年奋斗的光辉历程，是新时代党应对风险挑战、永葆生机活力的必然选择。

Strict supervision and discipline enforcement is the fundamental requirement for a Marxist party to maintain its advanced nature and purity. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized, “Our Party is a Marxist party organized by revolutionary ideals and iron discipline. Strict discipline is the Party’s glorious tradition and unique advantage.” From the day of its birth, the Marxist party has regarded tight organization and strict discipline as the basic norms of party building. In 1859, in a letter to Engels, Marx pointed out: “We must absolutely maintain Party discipline, otherwise nothing will be accomplished.” Lenin pointed out, “The proletariat’s implementation of unconditional centralization and the strictest discipline is one of the basic conditions for defeating the bourgeoisie,” and “We must greatly strengthen the proletariat’s labor discipline, so that we will be invincible.” The Bolshevik Party he founded relied precisely on “iron discipline” to win the victory of the October Revolution. However, the advanced nature of the Party is neither innate nor once-and-for-all. Under long-term ruling conditions, various temptations such as power, capital, and personal connections may erode the Party’s ruling foundation and affect its purity and combat effectiveness. Only through normalized and institutionalized supervision, promptly discovering signs of deviation from the course, and through serious and fair discipline enforcement, resolutely eliminating the black sheep and political hidden dangers within the Party, can we effectively resist the invasion of various viruses, ensure that the Party always maintains its political character as the vanguard of the Chinese working class, the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and always advances in the correct direction.

从严监督执纪是马克思主义政党保持先进性纯洁性的根本要求。习近平总书记强调，“我们党是靠革命理想和铁的纪律组织起来的马克思主义政党，纪律严明是党的光荣传统和独特优势”。马克思主义政党从诞生之日起，就将严密的组织性和严格的纪律性视为政党建设的基本准则。1859年，马克思在致恩格斯的信中指出：“必须绝对保持党的纪律，否则将一事无成。”列宁指出，“无产阶级实现无条件的集中和极严格的纪律，是战胜资产阶级的基本条件之一”，“必须极大地加强无产阶级劳动纪律，这样我们才是不可战胜的”。他所缔造的布尔什维克党，正是依靠“铁的纪律”才赢得十月革命的胜利。然而，党的先进性并非与生俱来，也非一劳永逸。在长期执政条件下，权力、资本、人情等各种诱惑因素都可能侵蚀党的执政根基，影响其纯洁性和战斗力。只有通过常态化、制度化的监督，及时发现偏离航线的苗头，通过严肃公正的执纪，坚决清除党内害群之马和政治隐患，才能有效抵御各种病毒侵袭，确保党始终保持中国工人阶级先锋队、中国人民和中华民族的先锋队的政治本色，始终沿着正确的方向前进。

Strict supervision and discipline enforcement is a valuable historical experience accumulated by the Party in its century-long struggle. The Party’s century-long journey is not only a magnificent history of social revolution but also a history of self-revolution that purifies the turbid and promotes the clear. During the revolutionary war years, iron discipline was the key to defeating the enemy and winning the people’s hearts. During the Jinggangshan struggle period, Comrade Mao Zedong formulated the “Three Main Rules of Discipline and Six Points for Attention” for the Red Army, which transformed an army mainly composed of peasants into a disciplined people’s army, winning the heartfelt support of the broad masses. During the Yan’an period, the Party achieved unprecedented unity and cohesion in ideology, politics, and organization throughout the Party through continuous ideological education and disciplinary rectification, laying a solid foundation for winning the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation. After the founding of New China, our Party promptly carried out rectification campaigns and the “Three-Anti” and “Five-Anti” campaigns [1]1 The “Three-Anti” campaign (1951-1952) targeted corruption, waste, and bureaucracy within the Party, government, army, and state-owned enterprises. The “Five-Anti” campaign (1952) targeted bribery, tax evasion, theft of state property, cheating on government contracts, and stealing state economic information among private industrial and commercial businesses., seized typical major cases for serious handling, resolutely eliminated corrupt elements, and executed Liu Qingshan and Zhang Zishan [2]2 Liu Qingshan and Zhang Zishan were senior Communist Party officials executed in 1952 for embezzlement during the “Three-Anti” campaign, serving as a prominent warning against corruption in the early years of the People’s Republic.. This demonstrated to the people of the whole country that the Chinese Communist Party would never tolerate corrupt practices that use the ruling party’s status for personal gain. Once corrupt elements were discovered, regardless of their seniority or position, they would be severely punished without mercy, establishing an image of impartial law enforcement and severe punishment of corruption among the people. During the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the Party, by profoundly summarizing historical experience, elevated the construction of a clean government and the fight against corruption to a strategic height related to the survival of the Party and the state, continuously strengthening discipline inspection and supervision work. In the practice of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping, from a strategic and overall perspective, strengthened intra-Party supervision, placed discipline construction in a more prominent position, creatively proposed the “four forms” of supervision and discipline enforcement [3]3 The “four forms” of supervision and discipline enforcement are a graduated system of disciplinary measures: (1) “red-face” criticism and self-criticism; (2) light organizational measures; (3) heavy disciplinary penalties and major adjustments; (4) investigation and prosecution for suspected criminal offenses., and promoted their inclusion in intra-Party regulations such as the Party Constitution, with their connotation continuously enriched and their effectiveness continuously improved. History has fully proved that strict discipline and rules are a powerful support for building and revitalizing the Party. Strict supervision and discipline enforcement has become the Party’s magic weapon for overcoming difficulties and obstacles and an effective guarantee for the Party to move from one victory to another.

从严监督执纪是党在百余年奋斗中积淀的宝贵历史经验。党的百余年征程既是一部波澜壮阔的社会革命史，也是一部激浊扬清的自我革命史。革命战争年代，铁的纪律是克敌制胜、赢得民心的关键所在。井冈山斗争时期，毛泽东同志为红军制定“三大纪律六项注意”，使一支以农民为主体的军队脱胎换骨，成为纪律严明的人民子弟兵，赢得广大民众的衷心拥护。延安时期，党通过不断进行思想教育和纪律整饬，实现全党思想上、政治上、组织上的空前团结和统一，为夺取抗日战争和解放战争的胜利奠定坚实基础。新中国成立后，我们党及时开展整风整党和“三反”、“五反”运动，抓住典型重大案件严肃处理，坚决清除贪污腐败分子，处决刘青山、张子善。这向全国人民表明，中国共产党绝不容忍利用执政党地位谋取私利的腐败现象，贪污腐败分子一经发现，不管资格多老、职务多高， 一律严惩不贷， 在人民中间树立起秉公执法、严惩腐败的形象。改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，党通过深刻总结历史经验，把党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争提升到关系党和国家生死存亡的战略高度，不断加强纪检监察工作。在新时代全面从严治党实践中，习近平总书记站在战略和全局高度，强化党内监督，把纪律建设摆在更加突出位置，创造性提出监督执纪“四种形态”，并推动写入党章等党内法规，内涵不断丰富、效果不断提升。历史充分证明，严明的纪律和规矩是立党兴党的有力依托，从严监督执纪成为党战胜艰难险阻的制胜法宝，是党从一个胜利走向另一个胜利的有效保障。

Strict supervision and discipline enforcement is an urgent need to respond to the major risks and tests facing the Party in the New Era and to solve prominent problems within the Party. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has promoted comprehensive and strict governance of the Party with the spirit of self-revolution, corrected work styles, enforced discipline, and fought corruption with tenacious will. The Party has become stronger and more powerful through revolutionary tempering. However, it must also be recognized that under the new situation, our Party faces many severe challenges and many problems within the Party that urgently need to be solved. On the one hand, the tests of governance, reform and opening up, the market economy, and the external environment that the Party faces are long-term; the dangers of mental slackness, insufficient capability, detachment from the masses, and passive corruption are long-term and have become more severe and complex. On the other hand, prominent problems within the Party, such as political impurity, ideological impurity, organizational impurity, and style impurity, have not yet been fundamentally solved, and new problems are constantly emerging. On the new journey of the New Era, the task of ensuring that the Party supervises itself and governs itself strictly is heavier and more urgent than ever before. Only by unswervingly promoting comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, giving full play to the effective role of strict supervision and discipline enforcement, persistently maintaining the strict tone, strict measures, and strict atmosphere, resolutely eliminating all factors that harm the Party’s advanced nature and purity, and removing all viruses that erode the Party’s healthy body, can we always maintain a clean and upright political ecosystem within the Party and ensure that the Party never deteriorates, never changes its color, and never changes its flavor.

从严监督执纪是应对新时代党面临的重大风险考验和解决党内突出问题的迫切需要。党的十八大以来，我们党以自我革命精神推进全面从严治党，以顽强意志品质正风肃纪、反腐惩恶，党在革命性锻造中更加坚强有力。但也必须看到，新形势下，我们党面临着许多严峻挑战，党内存在着许多亟待解决的问题。一方面，党面临的执政考验、改革开放考验、市场经济考验、外部环境考验长期存在，精神懈怠危险、能力不足危险、脱离群众危险、消极腐败危险长期存在，并且更加严峻复杂。另一方面，党内存在的政治不纯、思想不纯、组织不纯、作风不纯等突出问题尚未得到根本解决，新问题不断出现。新时代新征程，落实党要管党、全面从严治党的任务比以往任何时候都更为繁重、更为紧迫。只有持之以恒推进全面从严治党，充分发挥从严监督执纪的有效作用，把严的基调、严的措施、严的氛围长期坚持下去，坚决清除一切损害党的先进性和纯洁性的因素，清除一切侵蚀党的健康肌体的病毒，才能始终保持风清气正的党内政治生态，确保党永远不变质、不变色、不变味。

II. Strict Supervision and Discipline Enforcement Injects a Powerful Force for Consolidating the Foundation, Cultivating the Root, Purifying the Turbid, and Promoting the Clear into the Self-Revolution of the New Era

二、从严监督执纪为新时代自我革命注入固本培元、激浊扬清的磅礴伟力

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Courage to engage in self-revolution is the most distinctive character of our Party and also its greatest strength.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, comprehensive and strict governance of the Party has achieved historic and pioneering achievements, producing comprehensive and profound impacts. The century-old major Party is constantly radiating vigorous vitality through self-revolution. On the new journey of the New Era, we must precisely and effectively use the sharp weapon of supervision and discipline enforcement, persistently maintain the strict tone, strict measures, and strict atmosphere, ensure that supervision is always present and discipline is always strict, and promote Party members and cadres to work and start businesses under the premise of abiding by rules and discipline and being honest and clean.

习近平总书记指出：“勇于自我革命，是我们党最鲜明的品格，也是我们党最大的优势。”党的十八大以来，全面从严治党取得历史性、开创性成就，产生全方位、深层次影响，百年大党在自我革命中不断焕发蓬勃生机。新时代新征程，必须精准用好监督执纪利器，把严的基调、严的措施、严的氛围长期坚持下去，做到监督常在、纪律常严，推动党员干部在遵规守纪、清正廉洁的前提下干事创业。

To enforce strict discipline with a resolve as firm as a rock provides a solid guarantee for the Party’s self-revolution

以坚如磐石之心严明纪律，为党的自我革命提供坚强保障。习近平总书记指出，“党要管党、从严治党，靠什么管，凭什么治？就要靠严明纪律”。纪律是管党治党的“戒尺”，也是党员、干部约束自身行为的标准和遵循。如果纪律变成口号，自我革命就无从谈起。新时代以来，党中央把纪律建设摆在更加突出的位置，突出强调政治纪律和政治规矩，坚决防止和纠正“七个有之”问题。我们党先后三次修订《中国共产党纪律处分条例》，把党的纪律要求具体化、规范化，为监督执纪提供精准标尺。各级纪检监察机关深化运用监督执纪“四种形态”，坚持抓早抓小、防微杜渐，让红脸出汗成为常态，党纪轻处分、组织调整成为违纪处理的大多数，党纪重处分、重大职务调整的成为少数，严重违纪涉嫌犯罪追究刑事责任的成为极少数。这种惩前毖后、治病救人的方针，既体现严管厚爱，又让纪律真正彰显刚性约束，使广大党员干部心有所畏、言有所戒、行有所止，进一步维护党的团结统一，为党的自我革命提供坚不可摧的组织保证。

With the courage to cut off one’s own wrist to stop the spread of gangrene [4]4 The “Four Forms of Decadence” (四风) refers to formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism, and extravagance, which were identified as key targets for rectification in the Party’s mass line education campaign initiated in 2013., we punish corruption and govern it, thereby gaining strategic initiative for the Party’s self-reform. Corruption is the greatest threat facing our Party. In the face of the severe challenge of corruption, we must punish it with the harshest means to form a powerful deterrent. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has continuously carried out an unprecedented anti-corruption struggle, adhering to no forbidden zones, full coverage, and zero tolerance, with the extraordinary courage of “offending thousands of people to live up to the 1.4 billion” [5]5 “Double-dealers” (两面人) refers to Party officials who publicly profess loyalty to the Party while privately engaging in corrupt or disloyal activities, a term frequently used in anti-corruption campaigns., seriously investigating and punishing a number of high-ranking corrupt elements, resolutely eliminating interest groups that intertwine political and economic problems and endanger the Party’s unity and political security, and continuously removing serious hidden dangers within the Party, the state, and the people’s military. However, we must clearly see that the current situation of the anti-corruption struggle remains severe and complex. The stock of corruption has not yet been cleared, and the increment continues to occur; the task of eradicating the soil and conditions that breed corruption remains arduous and heavy

以壮士断腕的勇气惩贪治腐，为党的自我革命赢得战略主动。腐败是我们党面临的最大威胁。面对腐败的严峻挑战，要以最严厉手段惩治，形成强有力的震慑。党的十八大以来，我们党持续开展史无前例的反腐败斗争，坚持无禁区、全覆盖、零容忍，以“得罪千百人，不负十四亿”的非凡勇气，严肃查处一批身居高位的腐败分子，坚决铲除政治问题和经济问题交织、危害党内团结统一和政治安全的利益集团，不断清除党和国家以及人民军队内部存在的严重隐患。但是，我们要清醒地看到，当前反腐败斗争形势仍然严峻复杂。腐败存量尚未清除，增量还在持续发生，铲除腐败滋生土壤和条件的任务仍然艰巨繁重。习近平总书记指出：“对反腐败斗争形势要异常清醒、态度要异常坚决，决不能松懈，决不能手软。”必须坚持无禁区、全覆盖、零容忍，坚持重遏制、强高压、长震慑，深化标本兼治、系统治理，在不敢腐上持续加压，在不能腐上深化拓展，在不想腐上巩固提升，把不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐有效贯通起来，坚决铲除腐败滋生土壤和条件，持续保持惩治腐败高压态势。通过强力反腐，不断提高自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力，赢得党心民心，不断巩固党长期执政的政治根基，为自我革命的纵深推进创造有利的政治条件。

By using the force of purifying the turbid and fostering the clear to rectify conduct, an inexhaustible driving force is injected into the Party’s self-reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: “Our implementation of the Central Committee’s Eight-Point Regulations may seem like small matters, but it embodies a spirit.” On the one hand, unswervingly rectify the “Four Forms of Decadence” [4]4 The “Four Forms of Decadence” (四风) refers to formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism, and extravagance, which were identified as key targets for rectification in the Party’s mass line education campaign initiated in 2013., stopping unhealthy tendencies and evil practices, and sweeping away deep-seated ills and stubborn diseases. From rectifying “waste on the tip of the tongue” to cleaning up “the unhealthy trend in clubs,” from streamlining meetings and documents to going deep into the grassroots for investigation and research, the Party insists on persistently rectifying the “Four Forms of Decadence” with the spirit of driving a nail. In particular, targeting the deep-seated ills and stubborn diseases of formalism and bureaucracy, the Party Central Committee repeatedly emphasizes and continuously rectifies them, requiring the easing of burdens and reduction of workloads at the grassroots level, encouraging the vast number of cadres to travel light and have more time and energy to focus on implementation. On the other hand, persistently improve work style, reshape the Party’s image, and cement its flesh-and-blood ties with the people. Through strict supervision and enforcement of discipline, the mental outlook of Party members and cadres has taken on a completely new look. When the atmosphere is clean, the spirit is upright; when the spirit is upright, minds are united; when minds are united, endeavors succeed. The good atmosphere of seeking truth from facts, being pragmatic, and taking responsibility is growing increasingly strong, providing powerful momentum for continuously advancing self-reform on the new journey.

以激浊扬清之力整饬作风，为党的自我革命注入不竭动力。习近平总书记深刻指出：“我们抓中央八项规定贯彻落实，看起来是小事，但体现的是一种精神。”一方面，坚持不懈纠治“四风”，刹住歪风邪气、扫清顽瘴痼疾。从整治“舌尖上的浪费”到清理“会所里的歪风”，从精简会议文件到深入基层调研，党坚持以钉钉子精神持之以恒纠治“四风”。特别是针对形式主义、官僚主义的顽瘴痼疾，党中央反复强调、持续整治，要求为基层松绑减负，激励广大干部轻装上阵，有更多时间和精力抓落实。另一方面，持之以恒改进作风，重塑党的形象、密切与人民群众的血肉联系。通过从严监督执纪，党员干部的精神面貌焕然一新。风清则气正，气正则心齐，心齐则事成。求真务实、担当作为的良好风气日益浓厚，为在新征程上不断推进自我革命提供了强大动力。

III. Taking Strict Supervision and Enforcement of Discipline as an Important Guarantee for Leading Self-Reform to Go Deeper and Steadily Forward

三、将从严监督执纪作为引领自我革命走向纵深、行稳致远的重要保障

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “We must combine intra-Party supervision with popular supervision, attach importance to the ‘outpost’ role of mass supervision and public opinion supervision, and promote the coordination and integration of various types of supervision. We must strengthen the daily supervision of Party organizations, effectively enhancing its penetrative power and effectiveness. We must increase the intensity of simultaneous investigation and punishment of corruption and misconduct, turning the hard requirements of Party conduct and Party discipline into hard measures, giving iron rules iron teeth, sending a signal to the entire Party that discipline will be enforced strictly to the end without any compromise, and forming a deterrent effect.” On the new journey of the New Era, the Party faces unprecedented difficulties in its situation and tasks and severity in its risks and challenges. This determines that strict supervision and enforcement of discipline can only be strengthened, not weakened, and must, with the tenacity and persistence of being “always on the road,” make greater efforts in normalization and long-term effectiveness.

习近平总书记强调，“要把党内监督和人民监督结合起来，重视发挥群众监督、舆论监督‘前哨’作用，推动各类监督贯通协调。要强化党组织日常监督，切实提高穿透力和有效性。要加大风腐同查同治力度，将党风党纪硬要求变为硬举措、让铁规矩长出铁牙齿，向全党释放一严到底、寸步不让的信号，形成震慑效应”。新时代新征程，党面临的形势任务之艰巨、风险挑战之严峻前所未有。这就决定了从严监督执纪只能加强、不能削弱，必须以永远在路上的坚韧和执着，在常态化、长效化上下更大功夫。

Improve the coordinated and integrated supervision system, combining intra-Party supervision with popular supervision. To advance the Party’s self-reform, it is necessary to build a systematic, scientific, and effective supervision system. On the one hand, we must continuously improve the intra-Party supervision system, forming a tight and efficient internal constraint. Strengthen top-down organizational supervision, through methods such as inspection tours and disciplinary inspections, to embody the authority of the Party Central Committee and higher-level Party organizations, ensuring that orders are smoothly implemented and prohibitions are observed. Improve bottom-up democratic supervision, safeguard the supervisory rights of Party members, broaden channels for expressing opinions, and prevent leading cadres from becoming divorced from the masses and from reality. Achieve mutual supervision among peers, by making intra-Party political life serious, allowing members of Party committees (leading Party groups) at all levels to supervise and remind each other in the exercise of their powers and performance of their duties. On the other hand, we must actively broaden channels for popular supervision, building a tight and powerful external supervision network. Support and ensure that people’s congresses, political consultative conferences, and judicial organs exercise their supervisory powers in accordance with the law and their charters, attach importance to mass supervision and public opinion supervision, smooth channels for expressing public opinion and providing feedback, and form an efficient and synergistic supervisory force. By weaving a dense supervision net, let power operate in the sunlight, making any form of corruption and unhealthy practice have nowhere to hide, and build an all-round, multi-level, and three-dimensional supervision pattern, providing systematic support for deepening the Party’s self-reform.

健全贯通协调的监督体系，把党内监督和人民监督结合起来。推进党的自我革命，必须构建起一套系统科学和运行有效的监督体系。一方面，要不断完善党内监督体系，形成严密高效的内在约束。强化自上而下的组织监督，通过巡视巡察等方式，体现党中央和上级党组织的权威，确保政令畅通、令行禁止。改进自下而上的民主监督，保障党员监督权利，拓宽意见反映渠道，防止领导干部脱离群众、脱离实际。做到同级相互监督，通过严肃党内政治生活，让各级党委（党组）班子成员在履职用权中相互监督提醒。另一方面，要主动拓宽人民监督渠道，构建严实有力的外部监督网络。支持和保证人大、政协和司法机关依法依章程行使监督权，重视群众监督和舆论监督，畅通民意表达和反馈渠道，形成高效协同的监督合力。通过织密监督之网，让权力在阳光下运行，使任何形式的腐败和不正之风都无处遁形，构建起全方位、多层次、立体化的监督格局，为深化党的自我革命提供系统性支持。

Strengthen the daily supervision of Party organizations, effectively enhancing its penetrative power and effectiveness. The fundamental purpose of daily supervision is to ensure the implementation of the Party’s line, principles, and policies. It cannot be limited to the surface of business work; it must possess a high degree of political acumen and discernment. By strengthening daily supervision, be adept at discovering the political deviations behind specific issues, seeing whether there are problems such as discounting or making changes in implementing the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee; be adept at discovering potential political risks, seeing whether there are signs of undermining the Party’s unity and solidarity or affecting political security; be adept at identifying hidden political dangers, seeing whether there are pseudo-loyal behaviors such as forming “small circles” or acting as “double-dealers” [5]5 “Double-dealers” (两面人) refers to Party officials who publicly profess loyalty to the Party while privately engaging in corrupt or disloyal activities, a term frequently used in anti-corruption campaigns.. The value of daily supervision is ultimately reflected in discovering and solving problems. Adhere to the policy of “learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones, and curing the illness to save the patient,” comprehensively apply the “Four Forms” of supervision and discipline enforcement [6]6 The “Four Forms” of supervision and discipline enforcement (监督执纪“四种形态”) are graduated measures for handling disciplinary violations: (1) “red-face” criticism and self-criticism as the norm; (2) light organizational measures for minor violations; (3) heavy organizational measures or demotion for serious violations; (4) severe punishment including expulsion for major violations., especially making good use of the “First Form,” through normalized heart-to-heart talks and criticism reminders, to achieve nip-in-the-bud prevention, reflecting strict management with care. At the same time, establish and improve a closed-loop management mechanism for discovering problems, implementing rectification, and evaluating effects. Keep a close eye on problems discovered during supervision, urge the responsible entities to thoroughly rectify them, evaluate the rectification effects, and seriously pursue accountability and impose sanctions for ineffective rectification. Effectively transform the results of supervision into governance effectiveness, ensure that the various decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee take root and bear fruit, and continuously consolidate the Party’s long-term governing position.

强化党组织日常监督，切实提高穿透力和有效性。日常监督的根本目的在于保障党的路线方针政策得到贯彻落实，不能局限于业务工作的表象，必须具备高度的政治敏锐性和鉴别力。通过强化日常监督，善于透过具体问题发现其背后的政治偏差，看是否存在贯彻党中央决策部署打折扣和搞变通等问题；善于发现潜在的政治风险，看是否存在破坏党的团结统一、影响政治安全的苗头；善于识别隐性的政治隐患，看是否存在搞“小圈子”、当“两面人”等伪忠诚行为。日常监督的价值最终体现在发现问题、解决问题上。坚持“惩前毖后、治病救人”的方针，综合运用监督执纪“四种形态”，特别是用好“第一种形态”，通过常态化的谈心谈话和批评提醒，实现防微杜渐，体现严管厚爱。同时，建立健全发现问题、整改落实、评估效果的闭环管理机制，对监督中发现的问题紧盯不放，督促责任主体彻底整改，并对整改效果进行评估，对整改不力的严肃追责问责。将监督成果切实转化为治理效能，确保党中央各项决策部署落地生根，不断巩固党的长期执政地位。

Intensify efforts to simultaneously investigate and rectify misconduct and corruption, and enhance the comprehensive efficacy of addressing both symptoms and root causes. Unhealthy tendencies are the breeding ground for corruption. Conduct problems and corruption issues are mutually reinforcing and share the same origin. It is necessary to integrate investigation, rectification, and prevention to form a comprehensive, normalized, and long-term effective supervisory synergy. In “investigation,” we must adhere to integrated inquiry and dig deep into the root causes. Establish a systematic concept of simultaneous investigation of misconduct and corruption, uphold the dialectical thinking of bidirectional examination [7]7 “Bidirectional examination” (双向审视) refers to a method of analysis that looks at both the surface symptoms of misconduct and the deeper corruption behind it, as well as the reverse process by which corruption manifests as misconduct.; while repeatedly occurring conduct problems are used to uncover the underlying roots of corruption, in investigating corruption cases we must also deeply analyze the evolutionary pattern from misconduct to corruption, revealing the internal mechanism of their mutual interweaving and mutual breeding, so as to achieve governance by tracing the source. In “rectification,” we must adhere to promoting reform through cases and tightening the cage [8]8 “Tightening the cage” (扎紧笼子) is a metaphor for strengthening institutional constraints on power to prevent abuse, a common phrase in Chinese anti-corruption discourse.. In accordance with the deployment and requirements of the Party Central Committee, continuously expand the depth and breadth of the anti-corruption struggle, and thoroughly and substantively carry out the “second half of the article” [9]9 “The second half of the article” (后半篇文章) is a Party jargon term referring to the follow-up work after a corruption case is concluded, such as institutional reform, education, and prevention measures. on case handling. In response to the risks in the exercise of power and the loopholes in institutional mechanisms exposed by cases, through means such as issuing disciplinary inspection and supervision recommendations, urge relevant regions and units to draw inferences from one instance, promote deepening reforms and improving systems in key areas and critical links, compress the space for rent-seeking from the source, and achieve effective constraints. In “prevention,” we must adhere to establishing the foundation and consolidating the root, and cultivate healthy tendencies. Deeply excavate the elements of clean governance in fine traditional Chinese culture, use revolutionary culture to temper the spirit of dedication, and use advanced socialist culture to cultivate the value concept of integrity and honesty. At the same time, pay attention to the construction of family, family education, and family traditions, and through normalized Party discipline learning and education and warning education, guide the vast number of Party members and cadres to know reverence, maintain caution, and guard the bottom line, building a solid ideological dam against corruption and degeneration.

加大风腐同查同治力度，提升标本兼治的综合效能。不正之风是滋生腐败的温床。作风问题与腐败问题互为表里，同根同源。要将查、治、防贯通起来，形成全面覆盖、常态长效的监督合力。在“查”上要坚持一体查处，深挖根源。树立风腐同查的系统观念，坚持双向审视的辩证思维，既透过反复出现的作风问题深挖背后的腐败根源，也在查办腐败案件时深刻剖析其由风及腐的演变规律，揭示二者相互交织、相互滋生的内在机理，实现溯源治理。在“治”上要坚持以案促改，扎紧笼子。按照党中央部署要求，不断拓展反腐败斗争深度广度，把查办案件的“后半篇文章”做深做实。针对案件暴露出的权力运行风险和制度机制漏洞，通过制发纪检监察建议书等方式，督促相关地区和单位举一反三，推动重点领域和关键环节深化改革、完善制度，从源头上压缩权力寻租空间，实现有效约束。在“防”上要坚持立根固本，涵养正气。深入挖掘中华优秀传统文化中的廉洁元素，用革命文化淬炼奉献精神，用社会主义先进文化培育清正廉洁的价值理念。同时，注重家庭家教家风建设，通过常态化的党纪学习教育和警示教育，引导广大党员、干部知敬畏、存戒惧、守底线，筑牢拒腐防变的思想堤坝。

(Author: Specially Invited Researcher of the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era of the Ministry of Education, Dean and Professor of the School of Marxism, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing))

（作者：教育部习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员，中国矿业大学﹝北京﹞马克思主义学院院长、教授）

Online Editor: Tongxin

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