Chen Yun’s Reflections on and Contributions to “How to Be a Communist Party Member” during the Period of the Total National War of Resistance

Party members are the foundation of the Party, the cells that constitute Party organizations. Chen Yun pointed out: “Improving the quality of Party members is a matter of the utmost importance, a fundamental issue in Party building.” During the period of the Total National War of Resistance, Chen Yun served for a long time as head of the Organization Department of the Central Committee. He engaged in deep reflection on Party member development and Party building, and from both a theoretical and practical standpoint profoundly answered the question of “how to be a Communist Party member,” exerting a broad and far-reaching influence on the entire Party. Academic circles have already conducted some research on Chen Yun’s *How to Be a Communist Party Member*, with relevant results mainly exploring the connotations, characteristics, and influence of the Party member standards proposed therein. There remains room for further exploration of this work, especially the historical background, developmental process, and distinctive features of the Party-building thought it contains. This article attempts such an exploration.

党员是党的基础，是构成党组织的细胞。陈云指出：“提高共产党员的素质，是非常重要的事情，是党的建设上的一个根本问题。”全民族抗战时期，陈云长期担任中央组织部部长，他围绕党员发展和党的建设进行了深入思考，从理论和实践上深刻回答了“怎样做一个共产党员”的问题，在全党产生了广泛深远的影响。学界围绕陈云的《怎样做一个共产党员》已有一定的研究，相关成果主要探讨其中提出的党员标准的内涵、特点以及影响等，对这一著述特别是其中蕴含的党建思想产生的历史背景、发展过程以及鲜明特色等仍有继续探究的空间。本文拟对此作一尝试。

I. Historical Background: The Rapid Development of the Party Member Ranks in the Early Period of the Total National War of Resistance

一、历史背景：全民族抗战初期党员队伍的迅速发展

When the Total National War of Resistance broke out, the organizations of the Chinese Communist Party were mainly concentrated in the Red Army, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and a few other small base areas. Nationwide, the Party’s strength was still very weak. Particularly in areas under Kuomintang rule, most Party organizations had been destroyed, and some regions had only scattered Party members. This situation was hardly suited to the rapidly changing circumstances and the needs of the anti-Japanese struggle. After Chen Yun took over the work of the Central Organization Department in December 1937, he engaged in deep reflection on how to develop and strengthen Party organizations so as to better shoulder the mission and responsibility of leading the War of Resistance. In February 1938, Mao Zedong proposed at a Politburo meeting that the Chinese Communist Party should greatly expand its Party membership and suggested that the Central Committee adopt a new resolution on this issue. Following this suggestion, in early to mid-March, Chen Yun presided over the drafting of the *Resolution of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on the Large-Scale Development of Party Members*; on March 15, the Central Committee adopted this resolution. The resolution stated: “In order to shoulder the sacred task of expanding and consolidating the Anti-Japanese National United Front to thoroughly defeat Japanese imperialism, a strong Party organization is necessary.” “Developing Party members on a large scale, by tenfold and a hundredfold, has become an urgent and serious task for the Party.” The resolution emphasized the need to break down the erroneous tendencies of closed-doorism within the Party and of neglecting Party development within the united front, and “to make the development of Party members one of the regular and important tasks of every Party member and Party organization at all levels.” This was a major strategic decision by the Party Central Committee.

全民族抗战爆发时，中国共产党的组织主要集中在红军和陕甘宁边区及其他一些小块根据地，在全国范围内，党的力量还是很弱小的。特别是在国民党统治区，大多数党组织遭到破坏，一些地区只剩下零散的党员。这种状况，很难适应急剧变化的形势和抗日斗争的需要。1937年12月陈云接手中央组织部工作后，对如何发展壮大党的组织，更好担负起领导抗日战争的使命和责任，进行了深入思考。1938年2月，毛泽东在中央政治局会议上提出要大大发展中共党员，并建议中央对这个问题作出新的决议。根据这一建议，3月中上旬，陈云主持起草了《中共中央关于大量发展党员的决议》；3月15日，中共中央通过这一决议。决议指出：“为了担负起扩大与巩固抗日民族统一战线以彻底战胜日本帝国主义的神圣的任务，强大的党的组织是必要的。”“大量的十百倍的发展党员，成为党目前迫切与严重的任务。”决议强调，要打破党内关门主义和在统一战线中忽视党的发展的错误倾向，“把发展党员成为每一个党员及各级党部的经常的重要工作之一”。这是党中央作出的一项重大战略决策。

Under the leadership and promotion of the Party Central Committee and the Central Organization Department headed by Chen Yun, Party organizations and Party member ranks in various localities developed rapidly. For example, in the military, by the winter of 1938, the proportion of Party members had already exceeded 20%, and cadres at the company level and above were almost all Party members; by 1940, Party members in the veteran units of the Eighth Route Army accounted for 30%-40% of the total troop strength, and in new units they also reached 25%-30%; when the New Fourth Army was first assembled, Party members accounted for 25% of the total army strength, and by February 1939, this had reached 40%. Base areas actively restored Party organizations and developed Party members. For instance, in the Shanxi-Hebei-Henan area, at its inception there were fewer than 30 Party members; after large-scale development, by the time the First Congress of the Shanxi-Hebei-Henan Party was held in September 1939, there were 30,150 Party members. In the early period of the Total National War of Resistance, the special committees of western Henan, eastern Henan, and the Hubei-Henan border region had very few Party members, and many counties and districts had no Party organizations; by August-September 1938, Party membership had grown from over 100 to over 8,000, and most counties and districts had established Party organizations. By the end of 1938, the number of Party members nationwide had grown to over 500,000, more than ten times the number at the outbreak of the Total National War of Resistance.

在中共中央及以陈云为部长的中央组织部领导和推动下，各地党的组织和党员队伍得到迅速发展。比如，在部队中，截至1938年冬，党员比例已超过20%，连以上干部几乎都是党员；到1940年，八路军老部队中的党员占部队总人数的30%-40%，新部队也达到 25%30%；新四军刚集结时，党员数量占全军总人数的25%，到1939年2月，已占到40%。各根据地积极恢复党组织和发展党员，如晋冀豫区初创时党员不及30人，经过大发展，到1939年9月中共晋冀豫区第一次代表大会召开时，已有党员30150人。全民族抗战初期，豫西特委、豫东特委、豫鄂边特委党员很少，许多县区没有党组织，到1938年八九月，党员由100多人发展至8000多人，大多数县、区建立了党组织。到1938年底，全国党员人数已发展到50多万人，是全民族抗战爆发时的10余倍。

The rapid development and expansion of Party organizations and Party member ranks provided a powerful guarantee for the fulfillment of the Party’s political tasks. In January 1939, Chen Yun fully affirmed the achievements in developing Party members from three aspects: “the Party was developed on a large scale,” “the Party was developed rapidly,” and “the development of the Party helped the Eighth Route Army and launched the mass movement.” In November of the same year, Yang Shangkun, then Secretary of the Northern Bureau of the Central Committee, pointed out that the Party in North China, which had undergone large-scale development since the Total National War of Resistance, “had changed from a Party generally confined to big cities and certain regions in the past into a Party that today has penetrated deeply into the countryside and is fairly widespread,” and “the Party’s role has increasingly demonstrated its decisive significance in persisting in the War of Resistance in North China.” In September 1941, Peng Zhen, then Secretary of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Sub-Bureau of the Central Committee, also pointed out that under the historical circumstances of the time, without the correct policy of boldly and vigorously developing Party members on a large scale, “there would be no consolidated base areas today.”

党组织和党员队伍的迅速发展与壮大，为党的政治任务的完成提供了强有力的保障。1939年1月，陈云从“大量地发展了党”“迅速地发展了党”“党的发展帮助了八路军，开展了群运”三个方面充分肯定了发展党员取得的成绩。同年11月，时任中共中央北方局书记的杨尚昆指出，全民族抗战以来经过大发展的华北党“由过去一般局限在大城市和某些地区的党，变成了今天深入农村与相当普遍的党”，“党的作用已经日益显示出在坚持华北抗战中的决定意义”。1941年9月，时任中共中央晋察冀分局书记的彭真也指出，在当时的历史环境下，如果没有大刀阔斧地大量发展党的正确方针，“今日即不会有巩固的根据地”。

In order to develop the Party member ranks relatively quickly, some localities experienced problems of one-sidedly pursuing the quantity of Party members and arbitrarily lowering the conditions for admitting Party members, resulting in “the phenomenon of indiscriminate recruitment and the infiltration of bad elements into the Party.” At the same time, with the expansion of the Party member ranks, the composition and ideological condition of Party members became more complex than in the past. Chen Yun pointed out: “The overwhelming majority of these new Party members are of scattered petty-bourgeois composition. They seek truth and are willing to strive for communism and join the Communist Party; we welcome them. However, many of them still carry strong non-proletarian ideas and habits.” For this reason, Chen Yun continuously reflected on and explored the core question of “how to be a Communist Party member.”

为了较快发展党员队伍，一些地方出现片面追求党员数量、任意降低接收党员条件的问题，造成“拉夫现象产生与坏分子混入一些到党内”。同时，随着党员队伍的扩大，党员的成分和思想状况也比过去更为复杂。陈云指出：“这些新党员极大部分是散漫的小资产阶级的成分。他们为追求真理，愿意为共产主义奋斗，加入共产党，我们欢迎他们。但是，他们之中的许多人还带着浓厚的非无产阶级的思想和习惯。”为此，陈云对“怎样做一个共产党员”这一核心问题进行了不断思考与探索。

II. The Course of Reflection: From the *Resolution of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on the Large-Scale Development of Party Members* to *The Basic Organizational Principles of the Communist Party*

二、思考历程：从《中共中央关于大量发展党员的决议》到《共产党的基本组织原则》

In March 1938, when Chen Yun presided over the drafting of the *Resolution of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party on the Large-Scale Development of Party Members*, he already demanded that preliminary education in Marxism-Leninism and Party building be provided to new Party members, “so that they understand the basic differences between communist theory and thought and that of other parties and schools.” That same month, he held a conversation with Song Ping, a young student at the Central Party School. Regarding this conversation, Song Ping later recalled: “A large number of young people came to Yan’an with the passion of resisting Japan and saving the nation. They yearned for the Communist Party, but did not have a very clear understanding of the Party’s nature and program. I had already joined the Party at that time, but on how to be a Communist Party member, I was also somewhat unclear on some issues; it could not be said that I had fully joined the Party ideologically.” From this, Chen Yun felt that “strengthening the education of new Party members in ideology and consciousness” was very important.

1938年3月，陈云在主持起草《中共中央关于大量发展党员的决议》时，就要求对新党员做好初步的马列主义和党的建设的教育，“使他们了解共产主义与其他党派的理论思想的基本区别”。当月，他同中共中央党校青年学员宋平进行交谈。对此次交谈，宋平后来回忆说：“大批青年怀着抗日救亡的激情来到延安，他们向往共产党，但对党的性质、纲领并不甚了解。我当时已经入党，但怎样做一个共产党员，在一些问题上也若明若暗，还不能说思想上完全入党了。”由此，陈云感到“加强对新党员的思想意识的教育”十分重要。

In April 1938, Chen Yun went to the Yan’an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University to give a report, titled *How to Be a Revolutionary*. He pointed out that to be a revolutionary, first, one must understand revolutionary principles; second, one must be prepared for long-term hard struggle; third, one must have a spirit of sacrifice, unafraid of prison or execution, and not seeking fame, profit, or promotion and wealth. He emphasized that revolutionaries must be prepared to struggle for the revolution to the very end. What does “to the very end” mean? It means until the time of one’s death. He also pointedly told the students that when personal interests conflict with revolutionary interests, one must subordinate personal interests to revolutionary interests. The demands Chen Yun made of revolutionaries were, in other words, the minimum demands on Party members. His exposition on the subordination of Party members’ personal interests to revolutionary interests was later included as the second of the six criteria for Communist Party members, reflected in his work *How to Be a Communist Party Member*.

1938年4月，陈云到延安抗日军政大学作报告，题目为《怎样做一个革命者》。他指出，做一个革命者，第一要了解革命道理；第二要做好长期苦干的准备；第三要有牺牲精神，不怕铁窗、杀头，也不为名利和升官发财。他强调，革命者要准备为革命奋斗到底。什么叫到底？就是到人死的时候。他还对学员有针对性地指出，当个人利益与革命利益产生矛盾时，要服从革命利益。陈云对革命者提出的要求，换言之，也是对党员的最低要求。他关于党员个人利益服从革命利益的论述，后来被作为共产党员六条标准中的第二条，在他的《怎样做一个共产党员》的著述中得到体现。

In June 1938, Chen Yun delivered a speech at a memorial meeting for Qu Qiubai. Judging from the preserved outline, the core viewpoint of this speech was that Party members must establish faith in communism and struggle for it to the very end. Chen Yun pointed out that the significance of mourning martyrs lies in carrying forward their unfinished cause and learning from their spirit. The foremost thing is to learn the spirit of sacrifice of “struggling for communism to the very end—until death.” He profoundly explained the connotation of this sentence from three levels: “communism,” “struggling for communism,” and “struggling for communism to the very end,” namely: “grasping objective truth”; “struggling for objective truth”; and “struggling requires determination, to press forward undaunted.” Therefore, Chen Yun believed that whether one firmly believes in communism, whether one will carry the revolution through to the end, and whether one is willing to sacrifice for communism—“these questions are the touchstone.” Firmly believing in communism and striving for it with unwavering determination is not only the foundation of a Communist Party member’s standing, but also the fundamental embodiment of the worldview, outlook on life, and values that a Communist Party member should possess. Hence, Chen Yun later listed “struggling for communism for life” as the first of the six criteria for Communist Party members.

1938年6月，陈云在瞿秋白纪念会上发表讲话。从保存下来的提纲看，这次讲话的核心观点就是党员要树立对共产主义的信仰，并为之奋斗到底。陈云指出，追悼烈士的意义在于继承他们的未竟事业，学习他们的精神。首要的就是学习“为共产主义奋斗到底——到死了为止”的牺牲精神。他从“共产主义”“为共产主义奋斗”“为共产主义奋斗到底”三个层面深刻阐释了这句话的内涵，即“把握客观的真理”；“为客观真理而奋斗”；“奋斗要有决心，一往直前”。因此，陈云认为，是否坚定信仰共产主义，是否将革命干到底，是否愿意为共产主义而牺牲，“这些问题是试金石”。坚定信仰共产主义并为之矢志奋斗，既是共产党员的立身之本，也是共产党员应有的世界观、人生观和价值观的根本体现。故此，陈云后来将“终身为共产主义奋斗”列为共产党员六条标准之首。

Chen Yun was consistently attentive to the problems emerging in the process of recruiting new Party members. In January 1939, in an outline for a speech on the issue of developing Party members, he fully affirmed the achievements in developing Party members in different regions while also pointing out existing problems and lessons to be drawn, and he proposed a series of concrete methods for building up Party organizations. For example, the role of Party branches in the responsibility for developing Party members was to be brought into play, and the history, circumstances, and understanding of the Party of the candidate under consideration were to be earnestly investigated; new Party members were not only to resist Japan but also to believe in communism, actively participate in branch work, observe discipline, and pay Party dues; new Party members had to be approved by higher authorities and go through a probationary period, and so on. He placed great importance on the admission ceremony, stipulating that the ceremony’s content consisted of three items: first, a report on the basic conditions for being a Communist Party member; second, a report on the feelings about joining the Party and how one would work for the Party; and third, taking an oath before the Party flag, thereby manifesting the solemnity and sanctity of the member’s entry into the Party organization. Commendably, Chen Yun, drawing on the member’s convictions, spirit, and moral character, listed eight items for the content of the oath of admission: first, to struggle for communism to the very end; second, the Party’s interests are above all else, to work actively and constantly; third, to observe Party discipline and never betray the Party; fourth, to fear no difficulties and always work for the Party; fifth, to be a model for the masses; sixth, to guard Party secrets; seventh, to have faith in the Party; eighth, to be unyielding and never betray the Party. This speech of Chen Yun’s, from the requirements for new members to the content of the oath, essentially already presented the embryonic form of *How to Be a Communist Party Member*.

陈云始终关注着发展新党员过程中存在的问题。1939年1月，他在关于发展党员问题的讲话提纲中，在充分肯定不同地区发展党员成绩的同时，指出存在的问题以及要吸取的教训，并提出了一系列发展党组织的具体办法。比如，要发挥支部在发展党员中的责任，认真考察发展对象的历史、环境以及对党的认识；新党员不仅要抗日，而且要信仰共产主义、积极参加支部工作、遵守纪律、缴纳党费，新党员一定要有上级批准，经过候补期，等等。他非常重视入党仪式，规定入党仪式的内容有三项：其一，报告共产党员的基本条件；其二，报告入党的感想以及如何为党工作；其三，在党旗前宣誓，以此彰显党员加入党组织的严肃性和神圣性。难能可贵的是，陈云从党员的信念、精神、品格等方面列出了入党誓词的八条内容：一是为共产主义奋斗到底；二是党的利益高于一切，经常地积极工作；三是遵守党的纪律，永远不叛党；四是不怕困难，永远为党工作；五是要做群众的模范；六是保守党的秘密；七是对党有信心；八是百折不挠，永不叛党。陈云的这个讲话，从对新党员的要求到誓词内容，基本上已呈现出《怎样做一个共产党员》的雏形。

Chen Yun regarded investigation and research as the foundation for doing any job well. In the process of guiding the restoration and development of Party organizations in various localities, he conducted a great deal of investigation and research, putting forward a series of important guiding opinions on how Party organizations in different regions should carry out their work. In this process, his understanding of the standards for Communist Party members further deepened. For example, in his “Opinions on the Problems of the Northwestern Shanxi Region,” he explicitly proposed that “Communist Party members must possess the qualifications of a Communist Party member,” encompassing four aspects: to struggle for communism; the Party’s interests are above all else; to observe discipline and respect the organization; to possess the class morality of a Communist Party member, emphasizing that “those who meet these criteria are Party members; those who do not meet them are, in principle, not Party members.” In this speech, Chen Yun made a preliminary summary of the conditions for Communist Party members.

陈云把调查研究当作做好任何一项工作的基础。在指导各地党组织恢复和发展的过程中，他作了大量调查研究，针对不同地区党的组织如何开展工作提出了一系列重要指导意见，在此过程中，他对共产党员标准的认识也进一步深化。比如，他在《晋西北问题之意见》中明确提出了“共产党员必须具备共产党员的条件”，包括四个方面，即为共产主义而奋斗；党的利益高于一切；守纪律，尊重组织；有共产党员之阶级的道德，强调“合者为党员，不合者原则上不能为党员”。在这次讲话中，陈云对共产党员的条件进行了初步归纳。

Around April and May 1939, because he was to give lectures to students of the Central Party School of the CPC Central Committee, Chen Yun wrote “The Basic Organizational Principles of the Communist Party.” In the outline, he pointed out: “The basic organizational principle of the Communist Party is the central issue of the Party Constitution.” Centering on this issue, Chen Yun stated that “the Party member is the first and most basic principle.” He profoundly recognized the importance of the quality of Party members for Party building, proposing that “the Party member is the most basic material foundation; the quality of the foundation directly affects the Party.” At the same time, he believed that “discipline is a fundamental condition for the survival of the Party and the victory of its struggle”; without iron discipline, the Party would have no unified will or action. Therefore, observing discipline was “the highest responsibility of all Party members and Party committees at all levels.” These views were all reflected in Chen Yun’s *How to Be a Communist Party Member*.

1939年四五月间，因为要给中共中央党校学员上课，陈云撰写了《共产党的基本组织原则》。他在提纲中指出：“共产党的基本组织原则——是党章的中心问题。”围绕这个中心问题，陈云指出，“党员是第一个最基本的原则”，他深刻认识到党员的质量对于党的建设的重要性，提出“党员是最基本物质基础，基础之好坏就直接影响于党”。同时，他认为，“纪律是党的生存和斗争胜利的一个根本条件”，没有铁的纪律，党就没有统一的意志和行动。因此，遵守纪律是“所有党员及各级党部之最高责任”。这些观点都在陈云的《怎样做一个共产党员》中得到体现。

During this period, the incident occurred in which Liu Ligong was expelled from the Party for refusing to carry out Party decisions. In April 1939, after Liu Ligong graduated from the Counter-Japanese Military and Political University, the Party organization arranged for him to go to the grassroots level for tempering, but he insisted on entering the Marx-Lenin Institute or returning to his original place of work, threatening otherwise to withdraw from the Party. The organization talked with him seven times, patiently persuading and educating him, yet he still refused to obey the Party’s assignment and rejected the implementation of the Party’s decision. On April 19, the Central Party Affairs Committee decided to expel him from the Party and announced it to the entire Party, stating that “Liu Ligong adopted an individualistic attitude, violated the Party’s organizational principles, disobeyed the Party’s assignment, and completely lacked the stance of a Party member obeying the Party; it is decided to expel him from the Party.” Centering on the question of “why Liu Ligong was expelled from the Party,” Chen Yun organized a discussion among various organs and schools in Yan’an and wrote an article on May 23 titled “Why Liu Ligong Was Expelled from the Party.” By analyzing this typical case, he focused on elaborating the relationship between the individual and the organization, as well as the importance of Party members strengthening their Party spirit and observing discipline. This article by Chen Yun caused a great stir among the organs and schools in Yan’an. “Cadres and students one after another examined their own petty-bourgeois liberalist thinking in light of the Liu Ligong incident, examined whether they were strictly demanding of themselves by the standards of a Communist Party member, whether they observed Party discipline, and whether they implemented Party resolutions with unity of word and deed.” As a result, Yan’an saw a phenomenon of “three increases and three decreases”: fewer people made personal demands, and more people obeyed organizational assignments; fewer people sought comfort and enjoyed privileges, and more people requested to go to the front lines and to difficult places for tempering; fewer instances of liberalism occurred, and more people strictly observed discipline. This typical case of expelling Liu Ligong prompted Chen Yun to further consider the standards that Communist Party members should meet.

这一时期，发生了刘力功拒不执行党的决定被开除党籍的事件。1939年4月，刘力功在抗大毕业后，党组织安排他去基层锻炼，他却坚持要进马列学院或回原籍工作，否则就退党。组织上找他谈过 7次话，耐心说服教育，他依然不服从党的分配，拒绝执行党的决定。4月19日，中央党务委员会决定开除他的党籍，并向全党公布，指出“刘力功采取个人主义的态度，违反党的组织原则，不服从党的分配，完全没有党员服从党的立场，决定开除其党籍”。围绕“为什么要开除刘力功的党籍”问题，陈云组织延安各机关、学校开展了一场讨论，并在5月23日写了《为什么要开除刘力功的党籍》一文，通过剖析这个典型案例，着重阐述了个人与组织的关系，以及党员加强党性锻炼和遵守纪律的重要性。陈云的这篇文章，在延安各机关和学校引起很大震动。“干部学生纷纷从刘力功事件中检查自己的小资产阶级自由主义思想，检查是否以一个共产党员的标准严格要求自己，是否遵守党的纪律，是否言行一致地执行党的决议。”延安由此出现了“三多三少”的现象，讲个人要求的少了，服从组织分配的多了；图安逸比享受的人少了，要求到前线和艰苦地方锻炼的人多了；自由主义现象少了，严守纪律的人多了。开除刘力功党籍这一典型案例，促使陈云进一步思考共产党员应具备的标准问题。

III. Theoretical Summary: Writing *How to Be a Communist Party Member*

三、理论总结：撰写《怎样做一个共产党员》

As head of the Organization Department of the Central Committee, Chen Yun had to consider, on the one hand, how to effectively implement the task of “expanding and consolidating the Party organizationally,” and on the other hand, how to “turn the Party into a communist crucible, forging many new Party members willing to struggle for the Party’s propositions into Bolshevik fighters with the highest class consciousness.” Especially when the Party’s organizational work moved from Yan’an to the whole country, Mao Zedong required the Central Organization Department to pay attention to summing up experience, “so that the Party has a correct organizational line.” To this end, building on earlier in-depth thinking and combining it with over a year of practical organizational work, on May 30, 1939, Chen Yun made a theoretical summary of the issue of “how to be a Communist Party member” and published the article *How to Be a Communist Party Member*, which became an important document guiding the building of the Party member contingent.

作为中央组织部部长，陈云一方面要思考如何切实落实“在组织上扩大和巩固党”的任务，另一方面要考虑如何“使党变为一个共产主义的熔炉，把许多愿意为共产党主张而奋斗的新党员，锻炼成为有最高阶级觉悟的布尔什维克的战士”。尤其当党的组织工作由延安走向全国时，毛泽东要求中央组织部注意总结经验，“使党有一个正确的组织路线”。为此，在前期深入思考的基础上，结合一年多来的组织工作实际，1939年5月30日，陈云对“怎样做一个共产党员”问题进行了理论总结，发表《怎样做一个共产党员》一文，成为指导党员队伍建设的重要文献。

At the very beginning of the article, Chen Yun expressed a clear viewpoint: “In Party building, the issue of the significance and role of the Party member occupies a position of primary importance.” This fully affirmed the important status of improving the quality and cultivation of Party members in Party building. Centering on this core viewpoint, Chen Yun elaborated in detail across five parts: qualifications for Party membership, the composition of Party members, the procedures for joining the Party, restoration of Party membership or re-joining the Party, probationary Party members, and the standards for Communist Party members. Among these, parts one through four provided guidance on the rules for developing Party members in various localities, addressing the issue of the Party member’s entry point, while part five set requirements for the value standards and behavioral norms of Party members, addressing the issue of how, after joining the Party, a member could be worthy of the glorious title of “Communist Party member.”

文章一开始，陈云就表达了一个明确的观点：“在党的建设中党员的意义和作用这一问题，占有头等重要的位置。”这就充分肯定了提高党员的质量和素养在党的建设中的重要地位。围绕这个核心观点，陈云从入党资格，党员的成分，入党手续、恢复党籍或重新入党，候补党员以及共产党员的标准五个部分进行了详细阐述。其中，第一至四部分是在规则上为各地发展党员提供指导，解决党员入口的问题，而第五部分是对党员的价值标准与行为准则提出要求，解决的是党员加入党以后如何配得上“共产党员”这个光荣称号的问题。

The first part, “Qualifications for Party Membership,” was elaborated by Chen Yun from three aspects: The first point was to clearly answer “what kind of person can join the Communist Party.” This was the primary issue that Party organizations needed to clarify when developing activists. According to Article 2 of the Party Constitution, a Party member must recognize the Party Program and Party Constitution, join one of the Party’s organizations, and work actively within it. Chen Yun emphatically stated that “joining a specific Party organization and working actively for the Party is the minimum obligation of every Party member,” and this was also necessary “to overcome the tendency that still exists within our Party of individual Party members arbitrarily leaving their original organization or arbitrarily leaving their work without the Party’s permission.” The second point was to propose that “everyone joining the Party must recognize the Party Program, but this does not mean they must be proficient in the Party Program.” Given the actual situation where most Party members were workers and peasants, Chen Yun believed that if proficiency in the Party Constitution and Party Program were required before joining the Party, it would shut out many excellent revolutionary activists seeking to join the Party, which would be detrimental to the development of the Party organization and would also deny the Party’s responsibility for educating its members. The third point was to emphasize that Communist Party members must not only actively participate in resisting Japan but also struggle for communism. This was aimed at the situation where, due to vague understanding and blind pursuit of the number of Party members during the development of members in various localities, many ordinary anti-Japanese elements or temporary fellow travelers of the Party had been allowed to join, blurring the distinction between the Party organization and mass anti-Japanese groups, thereby damaging the Party’s role as the vanguard of the proletariat. Whether one was “willing to devote oneself to the cause of communism, which liberates the proletariat and all humanity,” was both a distinctive marker distinguishing the Party from other political factions and mass organizations and a fundamental expression of the political stance of a Communist Party member.

第一部分为“入党资格”，陈云从三个方面进行了阐述：第一点是明确回答“什么人可以加入共产党”。这是党组织在发展积极分子时需要搞清楚的首要问题。依照党章第二条规定，党员要承认党纲及党章，加入党的组织之一，在其中积极工作。陈云着重强调，“参加党的一定组织，为党积极工作，是每个党员最低限度的义务”，这也是“克服我们党内还存在着的个别党员不经党的允许任意离开原来所属的组织，任意离开工作的倾向”的需要。第二点是提出“每个入党者必须承认党纲，但这不等于要求精通党纲”。鉴于党员大多为工人、农民的实际情况，陈云认为，如果必须精通党章、党纲之后才能入党，则会将许多要求入党的革命的优秀分子拒之门外，不利于党的组织的发展，也是否认了党对于党员的教育的责任。第三点是强调共产党员不仅要积极参加抗日，而且要为共产主义奋斗。这是针对各地在发展党员时，由于认识的模糊，以及盲目追求党员数量，使许多普通抗日分子或党的暂时同路人加入了党，模糊了党的组织与群众抗日团体的区别，使党的无产阶级先锋队的作用受到损害。是否“愿意献身于解放无产阶级和全人类的共产主义事业”，既是党区别于其他政治派别和群众团体的显著标志，也是共产党员政治立场的根本体现。

The second part is “the composition of Party members.” To meet the need for a large-scale expansion of Party membership, the Party Central Committee demanded the breaking of the closed-door tendency in recruiting Party members, and the absorption of people of different compositions, such as workers, peasants, young students, intellectuals, and junior officers, into the Party. In response to the specific conditions of Party organization development in various localities, Chen Yun proposed paying attention to adjusting the composition of Party members. To highlight the Party’s nature as the vanguard of the proletariat, he stressed absorbing more outstanding workers into the Party, while also paying attention to developing impoverished peasants, intellectuals, and women. To both implement the Party’s organizational line and address the challenges that different Party member compositions posed to the Party’s organizational building, Chen Yun emphasized that all Party members, regardless of their origin or composition, must firmly establish the idea of “fighting for the communist cause of the proletariat for life,” and must not “degrade the Party into a ‘national revolutionary alliance’ of various classes,” thereby achieving Party member identity recognition through ideological and faith-based identification, so as to maintain the Party’s advanced nature.

第二部分是“党员的成分”。为适应大量发展党员的需要，党中央要求打破发展党员中的关门主义倾向，吸收工人、农民、青年学生、知识分子、下级官兵等不同成分的人加入党。针对各地党组织发展的具体情况，陈云提出要注意调剂党员的成分。为凸显党的无产阶级先锋队的性质，强调多吸收优秀的工人加入党，同时也要注意发展贫苦的农民、知识分子以及妇女。为了既落实党的组织路线，又应对不同党员成分对党的组织建设带来的挑战，陈云强调，一切党员不管什么出身和成分，都要牢固树立“为无产阶级的共产主义事业奋斗终身的思想”，不能“使党降为各阶级的‘民族革命联盟’”，从而通过思想、信仰的认同而实现党员身份认同，以保持党的先进性。

The third and fourth parts are, respectively, “procedures for joining the Party, restoration of Party membership or re-joining the Party” and “probationary Party members.” In response to problems in the development of Party members in various localities, such as the practice of indiscriminate recruitment [14]14 The Chinese term “拉夫” (lāfū) originally referred to the forcible conscription of laborers by the military; here it is used metaphorically to criticize the indiscriminate and coercive recruitment of Party members without proper vetting., campaign-style movements, and collective enrollment, which failed to strictly follow the procedures for joining the Party, Chen Yun demanded strict adherence to the Party Constitution’s provisions, standardization of the procedures for joining the Party, and reaffirmed the requirements for introducers of new Party members and the approval procedures. In the early period of the War of Resistance, due to destruction by the reactionary Kuomintang and other reasons, some Party members lost contact with the Party organization or left the Party. After the establishment of the Anti-Japanese National United Front, some of these individuals re-established contact with the Party organization and hoped to have their Party membership restored or to re-join the Party. In response to this actual situation, Chen Yun, based on the Central Committee’s decisions, proposed four principles according to specific circumstances, while clearly stipulating that “politically renegade elements must not be allowed to re-join the Party.” Regarding probationary Party members, Chen Yun particularly emphasized: “The condition for transferring to full membership is not whether the probationary period has expired, but rather the degree of the probationary Party member’s understanding of the Party.” The strict regulations on the procedures for joining the Party and on probationary Party members not only provided clear principles for localities to follow when developing Party members, but also safeguarded the Party’s purity at the point of entry. As Lenin said, “We do not want a Communist who is a Communist only in name.”

第三和第四部分分别为“入党手续，恢复党籍或重新入党”和“候补党员”。针对各地在发展党员中出现的拉夫现象、突击运动、集体加入等不严格执行入党手续问题，陈云要求严格执行党章的规定，规范入党手续，并重申新党员入党的介绍人要求及审批程序等。抗战初期由于遭到国民党反动派的破坏等原因，一些党员与党组织失去了联系，或脱离了党。抗日民族统一战线建立以后，一部分人与党组织取得了联系，希望恢复党籍或重新入党。针对这一实际情况，陈云根据中央的决定，按具体情况提出了四条原则，同时明确规定“政治上变节的分子，则不得重新入党”。关于候补党员，陈云特别强调：“转党条件不在于候补期限已满与否，而决定于候补党员对党的认识程度如何。”对入党手续、候补党员等的严格规定，不仅使各地在发展党员时有明确遵循的原则，也从入口上保障了党的纯洁性。正如列宁所说，“徒有其名的共产党员，就是白给，我们也不要”。

The fifth part is “the standards for Communist Party members.” Focusing on the requirements for Party members’ beliefs, purpose, discipline, exemplary role, and study, Chen Yun proposed six universal standards for Party members. This part is the shining highlight of the entire text.

第五部分为“共产党员的标准”。陈云着眼于党员的信念、宗旨、纪律、模范作用、学习等方面的要求，提出了具有普遍意义的党员的六条标准。这一部分是全篇的闪光之处。

The first standard is “to fight for communism for life,” which Chen Yun listed as the foremost of the six standards. In the reports and outlines Chen Yun had previously written, he had consistently emphasized the importance of communist faith for Communist Party members. In this text, Chen Yun provided further elaboration from the height of establishing a revolutionary worldview. He believed that Communist Party members must first recognize the laws of the historical development of human society and firmly believe in the inevitable realization of a communist society; at the same time, they must deeply understand that the Chinese revolution is a long-term and arduous struggle. Only in this way can they establish and strengthen a revolutionary worldview of fighting to the end for the realization of communism, and only then can they possess the determination to fear no sacrifice, fear no difficulty, and fight to the end on the tortuous and perilous revolutionary path. This theoretically explains the motivating and guiding role of communist faith for Party members, and also reflects the profound connotation of “ideological entry into the Party.” It is precisely the common pursuit of the communist cause that gives Party members of different compositions a shared sense of belonging, making the Party a community of faith and a crucible of communism.

第一条标准是“终身为共产主义奋斗”，陈云将其列为六条标准之首。在前述陈云所作的报告和撰写的提纲中，他一直强调共产主义信仰对于共产党员的重要性。陈云在此文中从树立革命的人生观的高度作了进一步阐释。他认为，共产党员必须首先认识到人类社会历史发展的规律和坚信共产主义社会必然实现的前途，同时还应深刻知道中国革命是一个长期的艰苦的斗争过程，只有这样，才能建立并坚定为实现共产主义而奋斗到底的革命的人生观，才能在弯曲险峻的革命道路上有不怕牺牲、不怕困难和奋斗到底的决心。这就从理论上说明了共产主义信仰对于党员的激励、引导作用，也反映了“思想上入党”的深刻内涵。正是对共产主义事业的共同追求，才使不同成分的党员有了共同的归属，使党成为信仰的共同体和共产主义的熔炉。

The second through fifth standards are, respectively: “the interests of the revolution are above everything else”; “observe Party discipline and strictly guard Party secrets”; “carry out resolutions with unyielding perseverance”; and “be a model for the masses.” In summary, these require Communist Party members to establish a correct view of interests and organizational consciousness. From the perspective of Party members’ view of interests, Chen Yun emphasized that Communist Party members are fighters struggling for the communist cause under the leadership of the Party, and that the interests of Party members are identical with the interests of the nation, the people, and the Party. When a Party member’s personal interests conflict with the Party’s interests, the Party member must resolutely sacrifice personal interests and submit to the overall interests of the revolution and the Party. Drawing lessons from the Liu Ligong incident [15]15 Liu Ligong was a young Party member who, during the Yan’an period, refused to accept the Party organization’s assignment to a grassroots post and demanded to study at the Marxist-Leninist Institute instead. After repeated education failed, the Party organization expelled him. This incident prompted a major Party-wide discussion on Party discipline., Chen Yun stressed that every Party member must, in every concrete issue of actual action and daily life, “resolutely and unwaveringly implement this principle.”

第二至第五条标准分别为“革命的利益高于一切”；“遵守党的纪律，严守党的秘密”；“百折不挠地执行决议”；“群众模范”。概括起来就是要求共产党员树立正确的利益观和组织观念。从党员的利益观来看，陈云强调，共产党员是在党的领导下为共产主义事业奋斗的战士，党员的利益同民族的、人民的和党的利益是一致的，当党员个人的利益与党的利益产生矛盾时，党员必须坚决牺牲个人利益，服从革命的和党的整个利益。鉴于刘力功事件的教训，陈云强调，每个党员要在实际行动和日常生活的每个具体问题上，“坚决地毫不疑惑动摇地执行这一条”。

From the perspective of Party members’ organizational consciousness, Chen Yun, in response to the Liu Ligong incident, provided a profound answer to why discipline must be observed and what truly constitutes observing discipline. He pointed out that Liu Ligong had received Party education and had expressed “support” for Party discipline, but in action he did not carry out Party resolutions. This served as a warning to the entire Party: “Observing discipline is not a matter of words, but of actual action.” Furthermore, drawing on the impact of Zhang Guotao’s betrayal of the revolution on the Party [16]16 Zhang Guotao was a founding member of the CPC and a senior leader who, during the Long March, set up a rival Central Committee. He defected to the Kuomintang in 1938, becoming a symbol of betrayal and the violation of Party discipline., Chen Yun further pointed out that whether Central Committee members or ordinary Party members, whether old Party members or new Party members, all must observe discipline. “There must be no ‘special individuals’ or ‘special organizations’ within the Party that do not observe discipline.” So, what truly constitutes observing discipline? Chen Yun succinctly stated: “In one sentence: carry out Party resolutions swiftly and accurately.” In the article “How to Be a Communist Party Member,” Chen Yun singled out “carry out resolutions with unyielding perseverance” from “discipline” as a separate standard to highlight its importance. The standard of “being a model for the masses” emphasizes that Communist Party members “must, in every action, at any time and any place, have a positive influence on non-Party masses, making them believe in our Party even more and respect our Party even more.”

从党员的组织观念来看，陈云就刘立功事件对为什么要遵守纪律、怎样才是真正遵守纪律作出了深刻回答。他指出，刘力功接受过党的教育，也表示过“拥护”党的纪律，但行动上却不执行党的决议。由此告诫全党：“遵守纪律不是在口头上，而是在实际行动上。”又鉴于张国焘背叛革命对党带来的影响，陈云进一步指出，不管是中央委员，还是一般党员，不管是老党员，还是新党员，都要遵守纪律，“党内不准有不遵守纪律的‘特殊人物’、‘特殊组织’”。那么，怎样才是真正遵守纪律？陈云言简意赅地指出：“一句话：迅速确切地执行党的决议。”在《怎样做一个共产党员》一文中，陈云把“百折不挠地执行决议”从“纪律”中单拎出来作为一条标准，以凸显其重要性。“群众模范”的标准，强调的是共产党员“无论在何时何地的一举一动，都必须给非党群众一种好的影响，使他们更加信仰我党，更加敬重我党”。

The sixth standard is “study.” At the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee [17]17 The Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the CPC was held in Yan’an from September to November 1938. It affirmed Mao Zedong’s leadership role and emphasized the importance of studying Marxism-Leninism and sinicizing Marxism., Mao Zedong specifically discussed the issue of Party members strengthening their study, calling for “a study competition across the entire Party” and for “universal and in-depth research on Marxist theory.” Mao Zedong had three conversations with Chen Yun about the experience of studying philosophy, which greatly inspired Chen Yun. Chen Yun not only led the Central Organization Department in actively responding by regularly carrying out study activities, but also took the lead by example, emphasizing theoretical study and summarizing study methods. He later recalled that the period of study in Yan’an was very helpful to him; after studying philosophy, his speeches and actions were grounded in materialism and dialectics, which benefited him for life. Precisely because he deeply recognized the importance of study, he established “study” as one of the standards for Communist Party members, regarding the study of theory and culture as the necessary path to enhance revolutionary knowledge and cultivate political foresight. He pointed out: “Only with revolutionary theory can Communist Party members find a thread through extremely complex affairs, identify a direction amidst constantly changing movements, and do revolutionary work well.” To this end, Communist Party members must “study, study, and study again.” Regarding the content of study, Chen Yun believed that it was necessary not only to study Marxist-Leninist theory, Chinese history, current affairs and politics, military knowledge, and cultural knowledge, but also to take “the lessons of experience from all practical work and mass struggles” as “textbooks for study.”

第六条是“学习”。在党的六届六中全会上，毛泽东专门论述了党员加强学习的问题，号召“来一个全党的学习竞赛”，“普遍地深入地研究马克思主义的理论”。毛泽东曾三次与陈云交谈学习哲学的体会，这使陈云深受启发。陈云不仅带领中央组织部积极响应，定期开展学习活动，而且率先垂范，注重理论学习，总结学习方法。他后来回忆说，在延安那段学习对他帮助很大，自从学习哲学以后，讲话做事才有了唯物论、辩证法，可以说终身受用。正因为深切认识到学习的重要性，他将“学习”规定为共产党员的标准之一，把学习理论和文化看作是增进革命知识、培养政治远见的必经之路。他指出：“共产党员有了革命的理论，才能从复杂万分的事情中弄出一个头绪，从不断变化的运动中找出一个方向来，才能把革命的工作做好。”为此，共产党员就要“学习，学习，再学习”。关于学习的内容，陈云认为，不仅要学习马列主义理论、中国历史、时事政治、军事知识和文化知识，还要把“一切实际工作中的和群众斗争中的经验教训”作为“学习的课本”。

At the end of the article, Chen Yun concluded: “Only by possessing the above six conditions can one be worthy of the name of a good Communist Party member, and not disgrace the great and glorious title of Party member.”

在文章的最后，陈云总结道：“只有具备以上的六个条件，才不愧称为一个良好的共产党员，才不致玷污了这伟大而光荣的党员的称号。”

This article was first published in issue 72 of *Liberation*, the organ of the Central Committee of the CPC, and was later printed as a pamphlet, exerting a very great influence within the Party. At that time, Chen Yun frequently gave Party lessons at the Central Party School and the Marx-Lenin Institute, repeatedly addressing this question, leaving an indelible impression on many who worked or studied in Yan’an. Song Ping said: “What left the deepest impression on me was listening to Comrade Chen Yun talk about how to be a Communist Party member.” Liu Peizhi recalled: “It made me suddenly see clearly the question of how to be a Communist Party member. I deeply realized that a Communist Party member must place the interests of the revolution above all else, and that personal safety and honor or disgrace must at all times be subordinated to this overall situation. When circumstances are favorable, one must work outstandingly; when circumstances are adverse, one must uphold principle.” Han Guang, for his part, “derived great benefit” from Chen Yun’s article, which enabled him “to understand relatively concretely and relatively completely the qualities and tasks that a Communist Party member should possess.” During the Yan’an Rectification Movement [n18], Chen Yun’s “How to Be a Communist Party Member” was listed by the Central Committee of the CPC among the 22 required readings, playing an important role in the building of the Party membership.

这篇文章最初刊登在中共中央机关刊物《解放》第 72期上，后来被印成单行本，在党内产生了非常大的影响。当时，陈云经常到中央党校和马列学院讲党课，多次讲到这个问题，给在延安工作或学习过的许多人留下了难忘的印象。宋平说：“我印象最深的是听陈云同志讲怎样做一个共产党员。”刘培植回忆说：“使我对如何做一名共产党员的问题心中豁然开朗。我深深地认识到，一个共产党员要把革命的利益放在高于一切的地位，个人的安危与荣辱任何时候都要服从这个大局。在顺境时能出色工作，在逆境时要坚持原则。”韩光则从陈云的文章中“得到很大教益”，使他“比较具体、比较完整地理解了做一个共产党员应具备的素质和任务”。在延安整风运动中，陈云的《怎样做一个共产党员》被中共中央列入 22篇必读文献，对党员队伍建设发挥了重要作用。

IV. Distinctive Features: Problem-Orientation, Political Character, and Systematicity

四、鲜明特色：问题导向、政治性和系统性

Chen Yun actively explored and deeply reflected on all aspects of the Party member’s faith, words, and deeds, rigorously and systematically answering the universally significant question of “how to be a Communist Party member” in the building of the Party membership, thereby displaying distinctive features.

陈云围绕党员的信仰、言行等各方面，进行了积极探索和深刻思考，严谨、系统地回答了“怎样做一个共产党员”这一在党员队伍建设中具有普遍意义的重要问题，呈现出鲜明的特色。

First, he insisted on conducting theoretical exploration oriented by problems. The appearance of the article “How to Be a Communist Party Member” was closely linked to the situation at the time. In the early period of the total war of resistance, especially after the issuance of the “Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPC on the Large-Scale Development of Party Members,” the Party membership expanded rapidly in a short period. At the same time, many problems continuously surfaced in the process of recruiting new Party members, prompting Chen Yun to reflect deeply on how to maintain the Party’s advanced nature and purity. Under the arduous conditions of the war of resistance, he read a large number of Marxist-Leninist works, used every opportunity to exchange ideas with students, inquired with relevant personnel in various base areas about the situation of Party organization development, confronted the problems facing Party building, and conducted in-depth research. He successively wrote a series of articles or speeches expounding on the building of the Party membership, such as “How to Be a Revolutionary,” “In Memory of Comrade Qu Qiubai,” “Questions on Developing Party Members,” “The Party’s Organizational Work Begins to Shift from Yan’an to the Whole Country,” “Views on the Question of the Jin-Sui Region,” “The Basic Organizational Principles of the Communist Party,” and “Why Liu Ligong’s Party Membership Was Expelled.” He summarized theoretical viewpoints such as the oath of admission to the Party, the conditions for being a Communist Party member, and the basic organizational principles of the Communist Party, thereby making full intellectual preparations for writing his theoretical masterpiece “How to Be a Communist Party Member.”

第一，坚持以问题为导向进行理论探索。《怎样做一个共产党员》一文的问世与当时的形势密切相关。全民族抗战初期，特别是《中共中央关于大量发展党员的决议》发出后，党员队伍在短时期内得到了迅速发展。同时，发展新党员过程中不断暴露出许多问题，促使陈云对如何保持党的先进性和纯洁性，进行了深入思考。在抗战的艰苦环境下，他阅读了大量马列主义书籍，并利用一切机会与学员交流思想，向各根据地有关人员了解党组织的发展情况，直面党的建设面临的问题，进行深入研究，先后撰写出《怎样做一个革命者》《纪念秋白同志》《发展党员问题》《党的组织工作开始由延安转到全国》《晋西北问题之意见》《共产党的基本组织原则》《为什么要开除刘力功的党籍》等一系列阐述党员队伍建设的文章或讲话，归纳出入党誓词、共产党员的条件以及共产党的基本组织原则等理论观点，为其撰写理论名篇《怎样做一个共产党员》作了充分的思想准备。

Second, he emphasized the political attribute of Communist Party members. Facing the needs of the objective situation and the complexity of the Party membership’s composition, Chen Yun firmly grasped the core element of “communism,” listing “fighting for communism all one’s life” as the primary criterion for Party members. He demanded that Party members unify belief and action in the ideal pursuit of struggling for the cause of communism to the end, not only establishing a firm communist belief but also becoming “conscious fighters who spare no personal sacrifice to struggle for the cause of communism.” That is, they must be firm in thought and conscious in action, emphasizing the importance and necessity of improving the political capacity of Party members.

第二，强调共产党员的政治属性。面对客观形势的需要和党员成分的复杂性，陈云紧紧抓住“共产主义”这个核心要素，把“终身为共产主义奋斗”列为党员的首要标准，要求党员把信念与行动统一于为共产主义事业奋斗到底的理想追求，不仅要树立坚定的共产主义信念，还要做“不惜牺牲个人一切为共产主义事业奋斗的自觉的战士”，也就是要做到思想上坚定，行动上自觉，强调了提高党员政治能力的重要性和必要性。

Third, he systematically put forward the conditions and standards for developing Party members and regulating them. Who can join the Party, and what a Communist Party member should be like—these are the basic questions of Party membership building. The conditions and standards for developing Party members and regulating them that Chen Yun proposed provided systematic and comprehensive behavioral norms and value criteria for guarding the entry gate of Party members and improving their quality. In Chen Yun’s view, a Party member must not only join the Party organizationally but also join it ideologically; one must not only pay attention to the identity of a Party member but also form a conscious Party-member awareness, always strictly demanding oneself according to the Party member standards; one must not only strive for the specific tasks of the Party in each period but also struggle for communism all one’s life.

第三，系统提出了发展党员和规范党员的条件和标准。什么样的人可以入党，以及共产党员应该是什么样子的，这是党员队伍建设的基本问题。陈云提出的发展党员和规范党员的条件和标准，为把好党员入口关和提高党员素质提供了系统、全面的行为准则和价值标准。在陈云看来，党员不仅要在组织上入党，更要在思想上入党；既要注重党员的身份，更要形成自觉的党员意识，时刻按照党员标准严格要求自己；既要为党在各个时期的具体任务而奋斗，更要为实现共产主义而奋斗终身。

During the total-war-of-resistance period, Chen Yun, as head of the Organization Department of the Central Committee, deeply recognized the importance and urgency of Party membership building in the practice of engaging in the Party’s organizational work. He integrated the universal requirements of Marxism-Leninism concerning Communist Party members, Mao Zedong’s important thoughts on Party building, and the situation and tasks facing the Party in this period, forming a series of important viewpoints and understandings, profoundly answering the question of “how to be a Communist Party member,” and providing principled guidance and practical direction for the development and consolidation of Party membership in various localities. The six criteria for Communist Party members he proposed were highly original, representing a relatively complete and accurate expression of Party member standards in the Party’s history, greatly enriching Mao Zedong’s theory of Party building, and exerting a far-reaching influence within the Party. These standards remain undated today. For every Communist Party member, how to be a qualified Party member is an eternal topic. Xi Jinping pointed out: “The cause of the Party and the cause of the people are continuously forged by the loyal dedication of millions upon millions of Party members.” Therefore, we must persistently do a good job of Party membership building, strictly guarding the “entry gate” of Party member development while also tightening the “master switch” of Party members’ worldview, outlook on life, and values, cultivating and forging loyal, clean, and responsible qualified Party members for the New Era [n19], giving full play to the vanguard and exemplary role of Party members, and providing a strong organizational guarantee for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

全民族抗战时期，陈云作为中央组织部部长，在从事党的组织工作实践中，深刻认识到党员队伍建设的重要性和紧迫性，将马克思列宁主义关于共产党员的普遍要求、毛泽东关于党的建设的重要思想与党在这一时期所面临的形势和任务结合起来，形成了一系列重要观点和认识，深刻回答了“怎样做一个共产党员”的问题，为各地党员队伍的发展和巩固提供了原则遵循和实践指导。他提出的共产党员六条标准，极具独创性，是党的历史上对党员标准作出的比较完整、准确的表述，极大丰富了毛泽东建党学说，在党内产生了深远影响。这些标准在今天依然没有过时。对于每一名共产党员来说，如何做合格党员，是一个永恒的课题。习近平指出：“党的事业，人民的事业，是靠千千万万党员的忠诚奉献而不断铸就的。”因此，必须持之以恒抓好党员队伍建设，既要严守党员发展的“入口关”，又要拧紧党员世界观、人生观、价值观的“总开关”，培养造就忠诚干净担当的新时代合格党员，充分发挥党员先锋模范作用，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业提供强有力的组织保障。

Online Editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆