Expanding New Fields for the Development of the Theoretical Discipline of CPC History and Party Building

The establishment of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building is a major measure to accelerate the construction of an independent knowledge system of CPC history and Party building in the New Era on the new journey. It must be noted that, as one of the four second-level disciplines of CPC history and Party building, the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building has only just been established and is currently facing problems such as low disciplinary recognition and slow progress in disciplinary construction practice. In fact, it has become a major "weakness" and "shortcoming" in the construction of the second-level disciplines of CPC history and Party building. To this end, the academic community should, against the backdrop of the era of constructing an independent knowledge system of CPC history and Party building, develop new fields for the development of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building with a more self-conscious spirit.

中共党史党建学理论学科的设立，是新时代新征程加快构建中共党史党建学自主知识体系的一大重要举措。必须注意的是，作为中共党史党建学四个二级学科之一的中共党史党建学理论学科毕竟刚刚设立，目前正面临着学科认可度低、学科建设实践进展缓慢等问题，事实上已经成为中共党史党建学二级学科建设中的一大“软肋”和“短板”。为此，学术界要在构建中共党史党建学自主知识体系的时代背景下，以更加自觉的精神来开拓中共党史党建学理论学科发展的新领域。

Accurately Understanding the Basic Connotation of the Discipline

准确理解学科的基本内涵

What exactly is the theory of CPC history and Party building? How is theoretical research on CPC history and Party building conducted? These are the first problems encountered in the current teaching and research of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building. The Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council points out that the disciplinary connotation of the theory of CPC history and Party building is to systematically and holistically study the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system of CPC history and Party building. It is an integrated study of the epistemology, ontology, and methodology of the discipline of CPC history and Party building. The problem lies in whether the "disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system" and "epistemology, ontology, and methodology" here refer to those at the level of the first-level discipline or those at the level of the second-level discipline. If they only emphasize the "disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system" and "epistemology, ontology, and methodology" at the level of the first-level discipline, then there would be no need to separately establish a second-level discipline of the theory of CPC history and Party building. To this end, after emphasizing the "disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system" and "epistemology, ontology, and methodology" at the level of the first-level discipline, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council specifically proposed the internal logic and content of the development of this discipline, including: Xi Jinping's important thoughts on Party building, Xi Jinping's important expositions on the history of the CPC; the basic categories, disciplinary theory, and methodological system of the discipline of CPC history and Party building; Marxist party theory and the sinicized Marxist Party building theoretical system; the history of the development of Party history and Party building disciplines and the issue of their mutual integration; the guiding principles and research methods for the development of the discipline of CPC history and Party building; the academic norms and basic requirements for the development of the discipline of CPC history and Party building; and the theories and methods of overseas CPC history and Party building, among others.

究竟什么是中共党史党建学理论？怎样做中共党史党建学理论研究？这是目前在中共党史党建学理论学科教学研究中首先遇到的问题。国务院学位委员会指出，中共党史党建学理论的学科内涵是要系统、整体地研究中共党史党建学的学科体系、学术体系和话语体系，是对中共党史党建学科认识论、本体论和方法论的一体化研究。问题在于，这里的“学科体系、学术体系和话语体系”和“认识论、本体论和方法论”，究竟是指一级学科意义上的，还是指二级学科意义上的呢？如果只是强调一级学科意义上的“学科体系、学术体系和话语体系”和“认识论、本体论和方法论”，那就没有必要单独设立一个中共党史党建学理论二级学科了。为此，国务院学位委员会在强调了一级学科意义上的“学科体系、学术体系和话语体系”和“认识论、本体论和方法论”之后，还专门提出本学科发展的内在逻辑和内容，包括习近平总书记关于党的建设的重要思想、习近平总书记关于中国共产党历史的重要论述，中共党史党建学学科的基本范畴、学科理论和方法论体系，马克思主义的政党理论和中国化马克思主义党建理论体系，党的历史和党的建设学科发展史与相互融合的问题，中共党史党建学学科发展的指导原则和研究方法，中共党史党建学学科发展的学术规范和基本要求，海外中共党史党建学的理论与方法等。

First, the theory of CPC history and Party building should study the theories and methods of the first-level discipline of CPC history and Party building. The discipline of literature has its own literary theory, the discipline of economics has its own economic theory, and the discipline of history also has its own historical theory. Naturally, the discipline of CPC history and Party building should also have its own theory of CPC history and Party building. The "theory" in the theory of CPC history and Party building includes both common theories, i.e., the basic principles of Marxism and the positions, viewpoints, and methods contained therein; and specific theories, i.e., the unique disciplinary theories and methods generated by the combination of the basic principles of Marxism with CPC history and Party building, namely the theories and methods of the first-level discipline of CPC history and Party building.

首先，中共党史党建学理论要研究中共党史党建学一级学科的理论与方法。文学学科有自己的文学理论，经济学学科有自己的经济学理论，历史学科也有自己的历史学理论，中共党史党建学科当然也应该有中共党史党建学理论。中共党史党建学理论中的“理论”，既包括共通性的理论，即马克思主义基本原理及其蕴含其中的立场、观点和方法；又包括具体性理论，像马克思主义基本原理与中共党史党建学相结合产生的独特的本学科理论和方法，即中共党史党建学一级学科的理论与方法。

Second, the theory of CPC history and Party building should also study the theories and methods of it as an independent second-level discipline. With the deepening of the disciplinary construction of CPC history and Party building, it is urgent to separate the theoretical content contained in CPC history and Party building, to theorize and discipline it, and to construct the disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system, as well as the ontology, epistemology, and methodology of the theory of CPC history and Party building. The provisions of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council on the disciplinary connotation and scope of the theory of CPC history and Party building have recognized that merely constructing the theories and methods of the first-level discipline of CPC history and Party building is far from sufficient; it is also necessary to continuously enrich and improve the connotation and boundaries of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building as an independent second-level discipline.

其次，中共党史党建学理论还要研究作为独立的二级学科的理论与方法。随着中共党史党建学学科建设的深入展开，亟须将中共党史党建学包含的理论内容剥离出来，并加以学理化、学科化，构建中共党史党建学理论的学科体系、学术体系和话语体系以及本体论、认识论和方法论。国务院学位委员会关于中共党史党建学理论学科内涵与学科范围的规定，已经认识到仅仅建构中共党史党建学一级学科的理论与方法远远不够，还需要不断充实和完善独立的二级学科的中共党史党建学理论学科的内涵与边界。

Objectively Understanding the Current State of Disciplinary Development

客观认识学科发展现状

The deeper the theoretical research on CPC history and Party building, the stronger the support for the development of CPC history and Party building. Currently, how is the development of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building? What phased achievements have been made? What experiences and lessons are worth summarizing? These issues urgently need to be clarified.

中共党史党建学理论研究越深入，对于中共党史党建学的发展支撑也越有力。当前，中共党史党建学理论学科发展的到底怎么样？取得哪些阶段性成果？有哪些值得总结的经验教训？这些问题亟待弄清。

From the perspective of academic research, there are not many achievements in the academic community focusing on the theory of CPC history and Party building. Song Xueqin and Wei Weicen pointed out that the theory of CPC history and Party building refers to the theory of this discipline and is a mandatory second-level discipline of CPC history and Party building; the construction of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building should neither rely on theoretical dependence, theoretical transplantation, nor theoretical generalization, but should be finalized through means such as organic linkage, mutual support, and common development between theory and practice; the theory of CPC history and Party building consists of ontology, epistemology, and methodology, each with its own reference. Wang Binglin pointed out that the purpose of setting up the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building is to construct the disciplinary theory of CPC history and Party building; the theory of CPC history and Party building is a knowledge system composed of the ontology, epistemology, and methodology of CPC history and Party building. The above discussions are conducive to deepening the research on the issue, but the relevant research results are still very few and lack systematicity.

从学术研究来看，学术界聚焦研究中共党史党建学理论的成果并不多见。宋学勤、卫玮岑指出，中共党史党建学理论是指本学科的理论，是中共党史党建学必设的二级学科；中共党史党建学理论学科建设，既不要理论依附、理论移植，也不要理论泛化，而是要基于理论与实践的有机联动、相互支撑、共同发展等手段最终定型；中共党史党建学理论由本体论、认识论和方法论构成，且各有所指。王炳林指出，设置中共党史党建学理论学科，目的在于构建中共党史党建学的学科理论；中共党史党建学理论是由中共党史党建学的本体论、认识论和方法论构成的知识体系。以上讨论，有利于将问题研究引向深入，只是相关研究成果还很少，更没有系统性可言。

From the perspective of disciplinary construction, the setup of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building is relatively complex. Judging from the published doctoral enrollment directories, the setup of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building varies greatly. Renmin University of China, Sun Yat-sen University, East China Normal University, and other universities have established the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building, but the specific directions below it are not very clear. The doctoral enrollment directory of the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences includes the theory of CPC history and Party building, with three specific research directions (Marxist state theory and party theory, Marxist Party building theory, and the history of the development of CPC cultural theory); the Central Party School (National Academy of Governance) only establishes the first-level discipline of CPC history and Party building, without specifically highlighting the direction of the theory of CPC history and Party building. The setup of the direction of the theory of CPC history and Party building varies greatly among universities, Party schools (academies of governance), and social science research institutions, reflecting considerable flexibility.

从学科建设来看，中共党史党建学理论学科的设置情况比较复杂。从已公布的博士生招生目录来看，中共党史党建学理论学科设置情况差异性很大。中国人民大学、中山大学、华东师范大学等高校设立了中共党史党建学理论学科，但下面的具体方向并不是很清楚。中国社会科学院大学博士招生目录有中共党史党建学理论，确定三个具体的研究方向（马克思主义国家学说和政党理论、马克思主义党建学说、中国共产党文化理论发展史）；中共中央党校（国家行政学院）只设立中共党史党建学一级学科，没有专门突出中共党史党建学理论方向。各高校、党校（行政学院）、社科研究机构设立中共党史党建学理论方向的情况差别很大，体现出较大的灵活性。

Although the construction of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building has achieved phased results, the current problems remain very prominent. First, there is insufficient understanding of the importance of the theory of CPC history and Party building. Disciplinary theory is the foundation and prerequisite for disciplinary construction and development. In the practice of constructing the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building, some units believe that the research content of the theory of CPC history and Party building is mixed, that there is a lack of teaching and research talent, and even doubt the rationality of establishing this discipline, unwilling to invest too much effort in developing it. Second, the connotative development of the theory of CPC history and Party building is insufficient. In the past two years, the state has attached great importance to the development of CPC history and Party building and has approved the establishment of multiple first-level discipline doctoral and master's degree programs. This in itself is excellent, but it has also led to a problem: some schools lack specialized teaching and research talent for the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building, resulting in the inability to offer or properly conduct the required professional courses and elective courses for the theoretical discipline. Worse still, some schools are unclear about which courses should be offered for the theory of CPC history and Party building. Third, the disciplinary status of the theory of CPC history and Party building is not high. Among the four second-level disciplines of CPC history and Party building, students tend to prefer studying the history of the CPC, Party leadership and Party building, and the theory and practice of Party affairs, as these directions offer more choices in the job market. In the past two years, the enrollment situation for the theory of CPC history and Party building in some schools has been unfavorable, with a relative lack of specialized student sources.

中共党史党建学理论学科建设虽然取得了阶段性成果，但目前存在的问题仍然很突出，一是对中共党史党建学理论重要性认识不足。学科理论是学科建设与学科发展的基础和前提。在中共党史党建学理论的学科建设实践中，有些单位认为中共党史党建学理论的研究内容驳杂，教学研究人才缺乏，甚至怀疑这门学科设立的合理性，不愿投入过多力量来发展这门学科。二是中共党史党建学理论内涵式发展不充分。近两年，国家高度重视中共党史党建学的发展，批准设立了多个一级学科博士点和硕士点。这件事本身是极好的，但也导致了一个问题，有些学校没有专门的中共党史党建学理论学科教学研究人才，导致理论学科的专业必修课、选修课开不好、开不了，更有甚者，对于中共党史党建学理论究竟要开哪些课都不清楚。三是中共党史党建学理论学科地位不高。在中共党史党建学四个二级学科中，学生们更倾向于学习中国共产党历史、党的领导和党的建设、党务工作理论与实务，因为这些方向在就业市场上选择更多。近两年，部分学校在中共党史党建学理论上的招生情况不乐观，专业化的生源比较缺乏。

Actively Exploring New Paths for Disciplinary Construction

积极探索学科建设新进路

Currently, the construction of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building must adhere to a problem-oriented approach. First, this discipline must be established as quickly as possible, and then efforts should be made to explore a path of high-quality development for this discipline. The main aspects are as follows.

当前，中共党史党建学理论学科建设必须坚持问题导向，首先是要尽快将这门学科建起来，然后再去努力探索这门学科高质量发展之路。举其要者有以下方面。

First, strengthen the top-level design of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building. The four second-level disciplines of CPC history and Party building were established after multiple rounds of research and deliberation by the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and are mandatory second-level disciplines for CPC history and Party building. To correctly handle the relationship between the theory of CPC history and Party building and other disciplines, it is necessary to recognize the foundational status of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building within the first-level discipline of CPC history and Party building. In the process of leading the construction of the discipline of CPC history and Party building, the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council and the Ministry of Education should pay attention to the top-level design and scientific planning of the development of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building, continuously strengthening the theoretical foundation for the development of CPC history and Party building.

一是加强中共党史党建学理论学科建设的顶层设计。中共党史党建学四个二级学科，是国务院学位委员会经过多次研究论证之后决定设立的，是中共党史党建学必设的二级学科。正确处理中共党史党建学理论与其他学科之间的关系，要认识到中共党史党建学理论学科在中共党史党建学一级学科中的基础性地位。国务院学位委员会、教育部在领导中共党史党建学学科建设的过程中，要注意中共党史党建学理论学科发展的顶层设计与科学规划，不断厚植中共党史党建学发展的理论基础。

Second, strengthen research on the theory of CPC history and Party building. Major research topics in the theory of CPC history and Party building include research on Marxist political party theory, research on Marxist historiography theory, research on the guiding principles and basic methods of CPC history and Party building, research on the history of the development of the discipline of CPC history and Party building, research on the philology of CPC history and Party building, research on overseas CPC history and Party building, research on the logical relationship between CPC history and Party building and related disciplines of Marxist theory, and research on the CPC and the world. It can be said that knowledge production on these important topics is currently in a weak or vacant state, and behind any one of these issues there is much space worth exploring in depth.

二是加强中共党史党建学理论研究。中共党史党建学理论的重大研究议题，包括马克思主义政党理论研究、马克思主义史学理论研究、中共党史党建学的指导原则和基本方法研究、中共党史党建学学科发展史研究、中共党史党建文献学研究、海外中共党史党建学研究、中共党史党建学与马克思主义理论相关学科的逻辑关系研究、中国共产党与世界研究等。可以说，这些重要议题的知识生产目前还处于薄弱的或者空缺的状态，其中任何一个问题背后都有很多值得深入挖掘的空间。

Third, strengthen the construction of a curriculum and textbook system for the theory of CPC history and Party building. As soon as possible, compile and publish textbooks on the introduction or general theory of CPC history and Party building, include them in the Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project [1]1 The Marxist Theory Research and Construction Project (马工程) is a major state-led initiative launched in 2004 to develop a unified set of textbooks and teaching materials for philosophy and social sciences in Chinese higher education, based on Marxist principles and official Party ideology. textbook construction projects, and provide authoritative textbooks for undergraduate course teaching. Formulate curriculum construction plans for master's and doctoral students in the theory of CPC history and Party building, and continuously improve the curriculum system of the theory of CPC history and Party building itself.

三是加强中共党史党建学理论课程教材体系建设。尽快编写出版中共党史党建学概论或导论类的教材，列入马工程教材建设项目，为本科生课程教学提供权威的教科书。编制硕士、博士研究生中共党史党建学理论课程建设方案，不断完善中共党史党建学理论本身的课程体系。

Fourth, strengthen the cultivation of high-quality talent in the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building. At present, China is severely lacking in teaching and research personnel engaged in the theory of CPC history and Party building. Relevant universities should increase publicity efforts for the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building, and provide support and preferential treatment in doctoral and master's student enrollment quotas, creating favorable conditions for high-quality talent in the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building to stand out.

四是加强中共党史党建学理论学科的高素质人才培养。目前，我国从事中共党史党建学理论的教学科研人才十分匮乏，有关高校要加大对中共党史党建学理论学科的宣传工作，并在博士、硕士生招生指标上给予支持和照顾，为中共党史党建学理论学科高素质人才脱颖而出创造良好的条件。

For teaching and research workers engaged in the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building, it is particularly important to persist in learning by doing and doing by learning, seize the great opportunities for the development of the discipline of CPC history and Party building, and strive to open up new fields for the development of the theoretical discipline of CPC history and Party building.

对于从事中共党史党建学理论学科的教学科研工作者来说，坚持干中学、学中干，抓住中共党史党建学学科发展的大好机遇，努力开拓中共党史党建学理论学科发展的新领域，这一点尤为重要。

(The author is a professor at the School of CPC History and Party Building, Renmin University of China)

（作者系中国人民大学中共党史党建学院教授）