Persistently Advancing Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party in Depth: Studying Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, Volumes I–V

Department of Party Building, the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC (National Academy of Governance)

中央党校（国家行政学院）党的建设教研部

From October 26 to 29, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was convened in Beijing to study several major issues concerning the persistent advancement of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. The meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held on September 21 stressed: “Deeply understand the importance and urgency of persistently advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, strengthen confidence, maintain resolve, uphold and apply the valuable experience of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era with higher standards and more concrete measures, effectively rectify and resolve the prominent problems facing Party building, consolidate and develop the sound political situation formed through Party governance and Party discipline, and continuously create a new situation in Party governance, Party discipline, Party invigoration, and Party strengthening in the New Era.” Adhering to comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is the strategic guideline for Party building in the New Era. Through the revolutionary tempering of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, the lax and soft state of Party governance and Party discipline has been fundamentally reversed, and our Party has become more united, unified, strong, and powerful. Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, Volumes I–V, collects a series of important expositions by General Secretary Xi Jinping on comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, showcasing the development process of the theory and practice of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era. We must closely integrate the great achievements and valuable experience of Party governance, Party discipline, Party invigoration, and Party strengthening in the New Era, deeply comprehend the contemporary value, theoretical contributions, and practical power of this series of important expositions, and enhance the ideological consciousness and practical resolve to persistently advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in depth.

10月26日至29日，党的二十届五中全会在北京召开，研究持之以恒推进全面从严治党若干重大问题。9月21日召开的中共中央政治局会议强调：“深刻认识持之以恒推进全面从严治党的重要性紧迫性，坚定信心，保持定力，以更高标准、更实举措把新时代全面从严治党宝贵经验坚持好、运用好，把党的建设面临的突出问题整治好、解决好，把管党治党形成的良好政治局面巩固好、发展好，不断开创新时代管党治党、兴党强党新局面。”坚持全面从严治党是新时代党的建设的战略方针。历经全面从严治党的革命性锻造，管党治党宽松软状况得到根本扭转，我们党更加团结统一、坚强有力。《习近平谈治国理政》第一至五卷收录了习近平总书记关于全面从严治党的一系列重要论述，展现了新时代全面从严治党理论和实践的发展历程。我们要紧密结合新时代管党治党、兴党强党的伟大成就和宝贵经验，深刻领悟系列重要论述的时代价值、理论贡献和实践伟力，增强坚持不懈把全面从严治党向纵深推进的思想自觉和行动定力。

The Formation and Development of the Strategic Guideline of Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party

全面从严治党战略方针的形成和发展

Relying on the Party’s own strength to solve the Party’s own problems, and strengthening Party building with strictness and practicality, are the distinctive features and unique advantages of the Communist Party of China.

依靠党自身力量解决党自身的问题，从严从实加强党的建设，是中国共产党的显著特征和独特优势。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has insisted on grasping Party building starting from work style building, grasping work style building starting from the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee, gradually expanding the scope of Party governance and Party discipline, strengthening the intensity of Party governance and Party discipline, perfecting the systems of Party governance and Party discipline, and refining the measures of Party governance and Party discipline, etc., leading the entire Party to continuously deepen the understanding of the laws governing the theory and practice of Party governance, Party discipline, Party invigoration, and Party strengthening, proposing the strategic guideline of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and persistently advancing it. In November 2012, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out when meeting Chinese and foreign journalists as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 18th CPC Central Committee: “The entire Party must be alert. To forge iron, one must be strong oneself.” In December 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed “comprehensive and strict governance of the Party” during an inspection tour in Jiangsu. In February 2015, at a seminar for principal leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial level on studying and implementing the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and comprehensively advancing law-based governance, General Secretary Xi Jinping systematically elaborated on the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, which includes comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. The 19th National Congress of the CPC incorporated “adhering to the Party governing the Party and comprehensively and strictly governing the Party” into the general requirements for Party building in the New Era and wrote it into the Party Constitution. The 20th National Congress of the CPC put forward the major proposition of “perfecting the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.”

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持抓党的建设从作风建设抓起，抓作风建设从中央八项规定切入，逐步拓展管党治党范围、强化管党治党力度、完善管党治党制度、细化管党治党举措等，带领全党不断深化对管党治党、兴党强党理论和实践的规律性认识，提出全面从严治党战略方针并持续推进。2012年11月，习近平总书记在十八届中共中央政治局常委同中外记者见面时指出：“全党必须警醒起来。打铁还需自身硬。”2014年12月，习近平总书记在江苏调研时提出“全面从严治党”。2015年2月，在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的十八届四中全会精神全面推进依法治国专题研讨班上，习近平总书记系统阐述包含全面从严治党在内的“四个全面”战略布局。党的十九大将“坚持党要管党、全面从严治党”纳入新时代党的建设总要求并写入党章。党的二十大提出“健全全面从严治党体系”的重大命题。

Volumes I–V fully demonstrate this development trajectory. Volume I shows comprehensive and strict governance of the Party starting from the construction of a clean and honest Party and the fight against corruption; Volume II highlights advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party from aspects such as abiding by discipline, stressing rules, enlivening intra-Party political life, and implementing intra-Party supervision responsibilities; Volume III highlights the fundamental guarantee role of the Party’s overall leadership for the cause of the Party and the state, explains the Party’s original aspiration and founding mission, and demonstrates the deepening of the theory and practice of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party; Volume IV summarizes the historical experience of the Party’s struggles, emphasizes strengthening the Party’s political construction and organizational construction, etc., and deeply grasps the laws of governing and disciplining the Party for a century-old major Party; Volume V displays reflections and deployments on perfecting the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, advancing the systematic and systemic development of the theory and practice of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.

第一至五卷充分展现了这一发展脉络。第一卷展现了全面从严治党从党风廉政建设抓起；第二卷突出从守纪律、讲规矩，严肃党内政治生活，落实党内监督责任等方面推进全面从严治党；第三卷突出党的全面领导对党和国家事业发挥根本保证作用，阐释党的初心和使命，展现了全面从严治党理论和实践的深化；第四卷总结党的奋斗历史经验，强调加强党的政治建设、组织建设等，深刻把握百年大党管党治党规律；第五卷展现对健全全面从严治党体系的思考和部署，推进全面从严治党理论和实践的系统化、体系化发展。

From comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is an innovation and development of the concept and practice of Party governance and Party discipline, reflecting a greater emphasis on the organic connection, integrated linkage, and coordinated synergy of all aspects of Party building, a greater emphasis on the sound perfection of systems and mechanisms and the scientific effectiveness of laws and regulations, and a greater emphasis on using the concept of governance, the concept of system, and dialectical thinking to govern and discipline the Party, reflecting the new-era new requirements of full coverage in content, full coverage in targets, full chain of responsibilities, and full integration of systems. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party has achieved historic and pioneering achievements, producing all-round and deep-seated impacts. Without the revolutionary tempering of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, there would not be today’s highly united, strong, and powerful Communist Party of China, nor would there be the Party-mass and cadre-mass relations of unity of will and concerted effort in the face of difficulties. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party provides strong support and a solid guarantee for the Party to unite and lead the people to continuously win new and greater victories.

从全面从严治党到全面从严治党体系，是管党治党理念与实践的创新与发展，体现了更加突出党的各方面建设有机衔接、联动集成、协同协调，更加突出体制机制的健全完善和法规制度的科学有效，更加突出运用治理的理念、系统的观念、辩证的思维管党治党，体现了内容上全涵盖、对象上全覆盖、责任上全链条、制度上全贯通的新时代新要求。全面从严治党取得历史性、开创性成就，产生全方位、深层次影响。没有全面从严治党的革命性锻造，就不会有今天这样一个高度团结、坚强有力的中国共产党，就不会有在困难面前万众一心、众志成城的党群、干群关系。全面从严治党，为我们党团结带领人民不断赢得新的更大胜利提供强大支撑和坚强保障。

The Theory and Practice of Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party Have Greatly Enriched and Developed Marxist Party-Building Theory

全面从严治党理论和实践极大丰富和发展了马克思主义建党学说

Volumes I–V include relevant articles on Party leadership and Party building, profoundly elucidating the supreme principles, value pursuits, work layout, methods, and pathways proposed by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core around the distinct theme of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, greatly enriching and developing Marxist party-building theory.

第一至五卷收入党的领导和党的建设的相关文章，深刻阐明了以习近平同志为核心的党中央围绕全面从严治党这一鲜明主题提出的最高原则、价值追求、工作布局、方法路径等，极大丰富和发展了马克思主义建党学说。

Proposing that upholding Party leadership is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and taking upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee as the supreme principle of Party leadership, has greatly enriched and developed Marxist political party theory on Party leadership. Marxism profoundly reveals the inherent unity between Party leadership and socialism. In Volume I, “Closely Focusing on and Studying and Propagating the Spirit of the 18th National Congress of the CPC to Uphold and Develop Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,” General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “The Communist Party of China is the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” In Volume II, relevant important speeches by General Secretary Xi Jinping are collected under the special topic “The Leadership of the Communist Party of China Is the Most Essential Feature of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.” Volumes III and IV both have special topics related to upholding Party leadership, and Volume V has a special topic related to upholding and strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. From “leading core” to “most essential feature,” and then to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, Volumes I–V demonstrate General Secretary Xi Jinping’s theoretical innovation and practical exploration on the issue of Party leadership in Marxist political parties. Upholding Party leadership is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, reflecting the inherent unity between the Communist Party and the socialist cause; Party leadership is China’s biggest national condition, and Party leadership ensures the socialist direction of progress. On upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that “upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is a major principle of party building for a mature Marxist ruling party,” requiring that “this must first be implemented in firmly upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee, and in concrete actions to enhance the Four Consciousnesses, strengthen the Four Confidences, and achieve the Two Upholds,” leading the entire Party to continuously perfect the implementation mechanism for the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee. These important understandings and practical explorations have pushed the theory of Marxist political parties on Party leadership to a new height.

提出坚持党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征，把坚持党中央集中统一领导作为党的领导的最高原则，极大丰富和发展了马克思主义政党关于党的领导的理论。马克思主义深刻揭示了党的领导与社会主义的内在统一性。在第一卷《紧紧围绕坚持和发展中国特色社会主义学习宣传贯彻党的十八大精神》中，习近平总书记指出：“中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心”。在第二卷中，以《中国共产党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征》为题专篇收录了习近平总书记的相关重要讲话。第三卷、第四卷都设有坚持党的领导的相关专题，第五卷设有坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导的相关专题。从“领导核心”到“最本质的特征”，再到党中央集中统一领导，第一至五卷展现了习近平总书记对马克思主义政党关于党的领导问题的理论创新和实践探索。坚持党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征，反映了共产党与社会主义事业内在统一，党的领导是中国最大的国情，党的领导确保社会主义前进方向。在坚持党中央集中统一领导上，习近平总书记强调“维护党中央集中统一领导，是一个成熟的马克思主义执政党的重大建党原则”，要求“首先要落实到坚定维护党中央权威上，落实到增强‘四个意识’、坚定‘四个自信’、做到‘两个维护’的实际行动上”，领导全党不断完善党中央重大决策部署落实机制。这些重要认识和实践探索，推动马克思主义政党关于党的领导的理论发展到新的高度。

The proposal of the value pursuit of remaining true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind [n6] identifies the logical starting point for the long-term governance of the Chinese Communist Party, and greatly enriches and develops the Marxist political party theory concerning the Party’s nature and purpose, ideals and convictions, and goals and objectives. Since its founding, the Chinese Communist Party has taken seeking happiness for the Chinese people and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its original aspiration and founding mission. [n7] General Secretary Xi Jinping connects the internal relations among history, the present, and the future, grasps historical initiative in summarizing historical experience, and proposes that remaining true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind should be made an eternal topic for strengthening Party building and a lifelong topic for all Party members and cadres. In Volume Three, “Continuously Promoting the Entire Party to Remain True to the Original Aspiration and Keep the Mission Firmly in Mind,” General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly elucidates the importance of remaining true to the original aspiration and keeping the mission firmly in mind for a Marxist political party, pointing out: “The original aspiration does not naturally retain its quality and freshness; with a little inattention it may become dusty and fade, and if left un-nourished for long it will dry up and wither. It is very easy, as we walk along, to forget why we set out and where we are going, and very easy to stray and get lost.” In Volume Five, “Always Maintain the Sobriety and Resolve to Solve the Unique Problems of a Large Party,” [n8] General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “We must hold fast to the original aspiration with which we founded our Party and started our undertaking, hold fast to the Party’s ideals, convictions, and purpose, always seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, always maintain the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the masses, and forever preserve the Party’s advanced nature and purity.” This series of important expositions profoundly answers the important questions of what the Chinese Communist Party “is and what it must do,” and “where it came from and where it is going.” It not only provides value guidance for building a Marxist political party that governs long-term, but also enriches and develops, at the theoretical level, the Marxist political party theory concerning the Party’s nature and purpose, ideals and convictions, and goals and objectives. It clarifies the starting point and ultimate goal of Party building in the New Era, and lays a solid ideological foundation for ensuring the Party’s long-term governance.

提出不忘初心、牢记使命的价值追求，指出了中国共产党长期执政的逻辑起点，极大丰富和发展了马克思主义政党关于党的性质宗旨、理想信念、奋斗目标的学说。中国共产党自成立以来就把为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴作为党的初心使命。习近平总书记打通历史、现实、未来之间的内在联系，在总结历史经验中把握历史主动，提出要把不忘初心、牢记使命作为加强党的建设的永恒课题和全体党员、干部的终身课题。在第三卷《持续推动全党不忘初心、牢记使命》中，习近平总书记深刻阐明了不忘初心、牢记使命对于马克思主义政党的重要性，指出：“初心不会自然保质保鲜，稍不注意就可能蒙尘褪色，久不滋养就会干涸枯萎，很容易走着走着就忘记了为什么要出发、要到哪里去，很容易走散了、走丢了。”在第五卷《时刻保持解决大党独有难题的清醒和坚定》中，习近平总书记强调：“我们必须坚守奠基创业时的初心，坚守党的理想信念宗旨，始终为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴，始终保持党同人民群众的血肉联系，永葆党的先进性和纯洁性。”这一系列重要论述深刻回答了中国共产党“是什么、要干什么”“从哪里来、往哪里去”等重要问题，不仅为建设长期执政的马克思主义政党提供了价值引领，更从理论层面丰富和发展了马克思主义政党关于党的性质宗旨、理想信念、奋斗目标的学说，明确了新时代党的建设的出发点和落脚点，为确保党长期执政奠定了坚实的思想基础。

The proposal to take the Party’s political construction as the lead and place the Party’s political construction in the foremost position greatly enriches and develops the Marxist political party theory concerning the layout of Party building. The political advanced nature of a Marxist political party is a clear manifestation of the Party’s advanced nature and purity. Taking a clear stand on politics is a political advantage that our Party has consistently maintained. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has deeply recognized that many problems existing within the Party are related to political issues, and political problems must be resolved politically. The 19th National Congress of the CPC explicitly put forward the major proposition of the Party’s political construction, stating that the Party’s political construction is the fundamental construction of the Party. In Volume Three, “Enhancing the Consciousness and Resolve to Advance the Party’s Political Construction,” General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly expounds the theoretical logic, historical logic, and practical logic of strengthening political construction, and clearly points out: “The Party’s political construction determines the direction and effectiveness of Party building. If the Party’s political construction is not carried out, or if it deviates from the direction guided by the Party’s political construction, it will be difficult for other aspects of Party building to achieve the expected results.” General Secretary Xi Jinping requires that comprehensive and strict governance of the Party should first be viewed from a political perspective, that the Party’s political construction should be placed first in the overall layout of Party building in the New Era, and that the Party’s political construction should lead all other work of Party building. This grasps the root of solving various problems in Party building in the New Era and makes a major original contribution to achieving a reasonable and scientific layout of Party building.

提出以党的政治建设为统领并把党的政治建设摆在首位，极大丰富和发展了马克思主义政党关于党的建设布局的理论。马克思主义政党政治上的先进性，是党的先进性和纯洁性的鲜明体现。旗帜鲜明讲政治是我们党一以贯之的政治优势。党的十八大以来，我们党深刻认识到，党内存在的很多问题都同政治问题相关联，政治问题要从政治上来解决。党的十九大明确提出党的政治建设这个重大命题，提出党的政治建设是党的根本性建设。在第三卷《增强推进党的政治建设的自觉性和坚定性》中，习近平总书记深刻阐明加强政治建设的理论逻辑、历史逻辑、现实逻辑，鲜明指出：“党的政治建设决定党的建设方向和效果，不抓党的政治建设或背离党的政治建设指引的方向，党的其他建设就难以取得预期成效。”习近平总书记要求全面从严治党首先要从政治上看，把党的政治建设摆在新时代党的建设总体布局的首位，以党的政治建设统领党的建设各项工作，抓住了解决新时代党的建设各项问题的根本，为实现党的建设合理科学布局作出重大原创性贡献。

The proposal and application of a series of scientific methods and pathways for governing the Party, enforcing strict discipline, revitalizing the Party, and strengthening the Party greatly enriches and develops the Marxist political party theory concerning the methods of the Party’s self-construction. Party building is a science with its own laws; only by understanding and respecting these laws can Party building be advanced through scientific methods and pathways. Volumes One through Five contain rich methodological content, reflecting the profound dialectical materialist thought in governing the Party with strict discipline, and also concretely embody the essential principles and subtle methods for revitalizing and strengthening the Party. In terms of methods of thinking, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes improving the capacity for strategic thinking, historical thinking, dialectical thinking, systematic thinking, innovative thinking, law-based thinking, and bottom-line thinking, forming a leadership art of forward-looking consideration, overall planning, strategic layout, and holistic advancement. In the practice of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, General Secretary Xi Jinping insists on the unity of the whole and the part, the present and the long term, the macro and the micro, addressing both symptoms and root causes, and the unity of the two-point theory and the key-point theory. He insists on the unity of building the Party through ideology and governing the Party through institutions, mission guidance and problem orientation, grasping the “key minority” and managing the “vast majority,” exercising power and assuming responsibility, strict management and caring trust, and intra-Party supervision and mass supervision, advancing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in continuous deepening. These methods and pathways greatly enrich and develop the Marxist political party theory concerning the methods of the Party’s self-construction.

提出并运用一系列管党治党、兴党强党的科学方法路径，极大丰富和发展了马克思主义政党关于党的自身建设方法的理论。党的建设是一门科学，有其自身规律，只有认识规律、尊重规律，才能以科学的方法路径推进党的建设。第一至五卷中蕴含着丰富的方法论，体现出管党治党深刻的辩证唯物主义思想，也具体体现出兴党强党的精义妙道。在思想方法上，习近平总书记强调提高战略思维、历史思维、辩证思维、系统思维、创新思维、法治思维、底线思维能力，形成前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、战略性布局、整体性推进的领导艺术。在全面从严治党实践中，习近平总书记坚持全局和局部、当前和长远、宏观和微观、治本和治标、两点论和重点论相统一，坚持思想建党和制度治党、使命引领和问题导向、抓“关键少数”和管“绝大多数”、行使权力和担当责任、严格管理和关心信任、党内监督和群众监督相统一，推进全面从严治党不断深化发展。这些方法路径极大丰富和发展了马克思主义政党关于党的自身建设方法的理论。

Continuously improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party

不断健全全面从严治党体系

Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is always on the way. On the new journey, [n9] it is necessary to take improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party as an effective pathway, to implement the requirements of comprehensiveness, the keynote of strictness, and the concept of governance into the improvement of the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, and to promote all work of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to further reflect the spirit of the times, grasp the laws, and be rich in creativity with higher standards and more concrete measures, continuously advancing the great new project of Party building in the New Era.

全面从严治党永远在路上。新征程上，要把健全全面从严治党体系作为有效途径，把全的要求、严的基调、治的理念落实到健全全面从严治党体系中，以更高标准、更实举措推动全面从严治党各项工作进一步体现时代性、把握规律性、富于创造性，把新时代党的建设新的伟大工程持续向前推进。

Improving the organizational system that is connected from top to bottom and effective in implementation. The organizational system is the “skeleton” of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party; the Party’s overall leadership and all the Party’s work must rely on a tight organizational system to be implemented and effective. Volume Four, “Implementing the Party’s Organizational Line for the New Era Well,” and other texts provide systematic expositions on this. To improve this system, it is necessary to grasp the key of maintaining the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership, implement the Party’s principle of democratic centralism well, strengthen the political functions and organizational functions of Party organizations at all levels, promptly discover and solve problems such as “tigers blocking the road,” “mid-level blockages,” and “broken roads,” [n10] and ensure that Party organizations at all levels are connected from top to bottom and effective in implementation. Coordinate the advancement of the construction of primary-level Party organizations in various fields, highlight the construction of the Party in emerging fields, and ensure that primary-level Party organizations in all fields always become strong fighting fortresses for realizing the Party’s leadership.

健全上下贯通、执行有力的组织体系。组织体系是全面从严治党的“骨架”，党的全面领导、党的全部工作都要依托严密的组织体系才能够落地见效。第四卷《贯彻落实好新时代党的组织路线》等对此有着系统阐述。健全这一体系，就要抓住维护党中央权威和集中统一领导这个关键，贯彻落实好党的民主集中制原则，增强各层级党组织的政治功能、组织功能，及时发现和解决“拦路虎”“中梗阻”“断头路”等问题，确保党的各级组织上下贯通、执行有力。统筹推进各领域基层党组织建设，突出抓好新兴领域党的建设，使各领域基层党组织始终成为实现党的领导的坚强战斗堡垒。

Improving the education system that consolidates the foundation, cultivates the root, unites hearts, and forges the soul. The Chinese Communist Party is a party armed with Marxism; ideals and convictions are the “calcium” [n11] for Communists in terms of spirit. Volume One, “Studying and Publicizing the Guiding Principles of the 18th National Congress of the CPC Closely Centering on Upholding and Developing Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,” and Volume Three, “Cadres, Especially Young Cadres, Must Have Firm Convictions, Strong Political Awareness, High Competence, and Good Conduct,” and other texts provide systematic expositions on persistently advancing the arming of the Party with its innovative theories and unswervingly forging a strong Party spirit. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has carried out nine rounds of intra-Party centralized education, [n12] and the organic combination of centralized education and regular education has effectively promoted the high degree of unity of the entire Party in politics, thought, and action. It is necessary to persist in using Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to unite hearts and forge the soul, innovate the methods and means of theoretical arming, improve the study system for the theoretical study central groups of Party committees (leading Party members’ groups) and the theoretical study system for primary-level Party organizations, guide Party members and cadres to study the thought, strengthen their faith, comprehend the laws, and clarify the methods, and transform the strategic policy of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party into concrete actions.

健全固本培元、凝心铸魂的教育体系。中国共产党是用马克思主义武装起来的政党，理想信念是共产党人精神上的“钙”。第一卷《紧紧围绕坚持和发展中国特色社会主义学习宣传贯彻党的十八大精神》和第三卷《广大干部特别是年轻干部要做到信念坚、政治强、本领高、作风硬》等对坚持不懈推进党的创新理论武装、持之以恒锤炼坚强党性进行了系统阐述。党的十八大以来，我们党开展了9次党内集中教育，以集中性教育和经常性教育有机结合有力促进了全党在政治上、思想上、行动上的高度统一。要坚持用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂，创新理论武装的方式方法，健全党委（党组）理论学习中心组学习、基层党组织理论学习制度，引导党员、干部学思想、强信仰、悟规律、明方法，把全面从严治党战略方针转化为实际行动。

Improving the supervision system that exerts precise force and addresses both symptoms and root causes. Supervision is an inherent element of governance and holds an important position in governing the Party and the country. Volume Two proposes “fully implementing the responsibility for intra-Party supervision,” and Volume Three proposes “consistently governing the Party with strict discipline and strengthening the restriction and supervision of the exercise of power.” It is necessary to take intra-Party supervision as the lead, continuously improve the normalization and long-term mechanism for rectifying work styles and enforcing discipline, and perfect the working mechanism for integrating the deterrence of not daring to be corrupt, the cage of not being able to be corrupt, and the conscience of not wanting to be corrupt. [n13] Continuously improve the Party and state supervision system, connect intra-Party supervision with state organ supervision, democratic supervision, judicial supervision, mass supervision, and public opinion supervision, and promote the coordination and connection of various types of supervision. Deepen the reform of the primary-level supervision system and mechanism, promote the extension of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to the primary level, and enhance the effectiveness of primary-level governance.

健全精准发力、标本兼治的监管体系。监督是治理的内在要素，在管党治党、治国理政中有着重要地位。第二卷提出“全面落实党内监督责任”，第三卷提出“一以贯之全面从严治党，强化对权力运行的制约和监督”。要以党内监督为主导，不断健全正风肃纪常态化长效化机制，完善一体推进不敢腐不能腐不想腐工作机制。持续完善党和国家监督体系，把党内监督同国家机关监督、民主监督、司法监督、群众监督、舆论监督等贯通起来，促进各类监督衔接协调。深化基层监督体制机制改革，推动全面从严治党向基层延伸，提升基层治理效能。

Improve the scientific, complete, effective and usable institutional system. Adhering to governing the Party through institutions and in accordance with intra-Party regulations is the long-term and fundamental strategy for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. Volume 1, “Confining the Exercise of Power within an Institutional Cage,” Volume 2, “Observe Discipline and Rules,” and Volume 5, “Study, Know, Clarify, and Abide by Discipline,” among others, provide profound exposition and systematic deployment on this matter. As of the end of December 2025, our Party has 3,372 currently effective intra-Party regulations, of which those newly formulated or revised since the 18th National Congress of the CPC account for approximately 80%[n]; the scientific, standardized, and institutionalized level of Party management and governance has markedly improved. It is necessary to further perfect the system of intra-Party regulations and institutions, making the system dense but not cumbersome, effective and usable, strengthening the systemic integration of institutions, and preventing institutions from becoming overly complicated. At the same time, strengthen the rigid binding force of institutions, prevent “cows being kept in a cattle pen with open fences” and “tigers being caged in paper cages”[n], adhere to the principle that everyone is equal before institutions, and enforce institutions without exception.

健全科学完备、有效管用的制度体系。坚持制度治党、依规治党是全面从严治党的长远和根本之策。第一卷《把权力关进制度的笼子里》、第二卷《守纪律，讲规矩》、第五卷《学纪知纪明纪守纪》等对此进行了深刻阐述和系统部署。截至2025年12月底，我们党现行有效党内法规3372部，其中党的十八大以来新制定修订的党内法规占比约为80%，管党治党科学化规范化制度化水平明显提高。要进一步完善党内法规制度体系，使制度密而不繁、有效管用，加强制度的系统集成，防止制度过于烦琐。同时，强化制度刚性约束，防止“牛栏关猫”“纸笼禁虎”，坚持制度面前人人平等、执行制度没有例外。

Improve the responsibility system with clear subjects and explicit requirements. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the shift from clarifying the main responsibility for building a clean government and fighting corruption to clarifying the main responsibility for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is not merely a change in wording, but a development in practice and a deepening of understanding, reflecting the comprehensive strictness of Party building. Volume 2, “Unswervingly Advance the Building of a Clean Government and the Fight against Corruption,” among others, provides profound exposition and systematic deployment on the responsibility system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. It is necessary to continuously perfect the complete chain of responsibilities composed of main responsibility, supervisory responsibility, the responsibility of the first responsible person, “one post with dual responsibilities”[n], and the specific responsibilities of Party members and cadres, improve precise and scientific accountability mechanisms, transmit pressure layer by layer, and ensure that the subjects of responsibility are in place, the requirements of responsibility are in place, and assessment and accountability are in place, so as to drive the implementation of the responsibility for Party management and governance.

健全主体明确、要求清晰的责任体系。党的十八大以来，从明确党风廉政建设主体责任，到明确全面从严治党主体责任，不仅仅是字面上的变化，更是实践的发展、认识的深化，体现了党的建设全面从严。第二卷《坚定不移推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争》等都对全面从严治党责任体系进行了深刻阐述和系统部署。要持续完善以主体责任、监督责任、第一责任人责任、“一岗双责”和党员、干部具体责任等构成的完整责任链条，健全精准科学的问责机制，层层传导压力，以责任主体到位、责任要求到位、考核问责到位，推动管党治党责任落实到位。