The Theoretical and Practical Exploration of the Communist Party of Britain in Promoting Britain towards Socialism in the 21st Century

Shortly after the end of the First World War, the advanced elements within the British working class recognized that only by establishing a communist organization representing the fundamental interests of the working class in Britain, a Marxist revolutionary party, could the workers' movement be propelled forward, ultimately seizing state power and advancing towards communism. Under the guidance of Lenin and the Communist International, the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was founded on 31 July 1920, with its primary tasks at the time being to lead domestic workers' strikes and support the national liberation movements of colonial peoples.

第一次世界大战结束后不久，英国工人阶级中的先进分子认识到，只有在英国建立一个代表工人阶级根本利益的共产主义组织、一个马克思主义的革命政党，才能推动工人运动向前发展，最终夺取政权、走向共产主义。在列宁和共产国际的指导下，英国共产党（Communist Party of Great Britain，缩写为CPGB）于1920年7月31日成立，当时面临的主要任务是领导国内工人罢工和支持殖民地人民开展民族解放运动。

Beginning in the 1950s, the international communist movement experienced turbulence and setbacks. The Communist Party of Great Britain internally faced multiple disagreements over issues such as the Party's development line, leading to four successive splits within the Party organization. The fourth split occurred in the 1980s, when a series of social reforms by the Thatcher government sparked internal disputes within the CPGB, exacerbating the Party's crisis. Ultimately, the minority opposition faction led by Tony Chater, editor of the Party newspaper the *Morning Star*, was expelled from the Party. This faction has since maintained control over the *Morning Star*, and thus became known as the "Morning Star group." In June 1985, the Morning Star group established the Communist Movement Group. On this basis, Mike Hicks, the former chair of the CPGB's London District Committee, convened a congress in April 1988 to rebuild the Communist Party, announcing the formation of a new communist party.

自20世纪50年代开始，国际共产主义运动出现动荡与波折，英国共产党内部在党的发展路线等问题上多次产生分歧，致使党组织先后发生了4次分裂。其中，第4次分裂发生于20世纪80年代，当时撒切尔政府的一系列社会改革引发了英国共产党的内部纷争，加剧了党内危机。最终，英国共产党党报《晨星报》主编托尼·蔡特（Tony Chater）所属的少数反对派被开除出党。这一派此后始终控制着《晨星报》，因此又被称为“晨星派”。“晨星派”于1985年6月成立了共产主义运动小组，英国共产党原伦敦区委主席迈克·希克斯（Mike Hicks）在此基础上于1988年4月组织召开了重建英国共产党的代表大会，宣布成立新的共产党。

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the upheavals in Eastern Europe, the Communist Party of Great Britain held its 43rd Congress in November 1991 and announced its dissolution. Thereafter, the Morning Star group gradually took over the name and banner of the "Communist Party of Britain" and gained recognition both domestically and internationally. Today, the "Communist Party of Britain" referred to within the UK and around the world is primarily the Communist Party of Britain (CPB) established by the Morning Star group (hereinafter referred to as the CPB). The CPB claims that "today, the Communist Party is widely recognized at home and abroad as the true representative of the communist tradition in England, Scotland, and Wales."

苏联解体、东欧剧变后，英国共产党于1991年11月召开第四十三次代表大会，宣布英国共产党就此解散。此后，“晨星派”逐渐接过“英国共产党”的名称和旗帜，并得到了国内外认可。如今英国国内和世界各国所称的“英国共产党”主要是由“晨星派”建立的英国共产党（Communist Party of Britain，缩写为CPB）（以下简称“英共”）。英共声称，“现如今，（英国）共产党在国内和世界各地被广泛认为是英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士共产主义传统的真正代表”。

At its founding, the CPB declared itself to be "rebuilt on the basis of inheriting the constitution and programme of the original Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB)," consciously undertaking the mission of promoting Britain towards socialism, and committed to "achieving socialism in Britain." Since entering the 21st century, the CPB has stood firm on reality, persevered unremittingly, and conducted new explorations in both theory and practice to promote Britain towards socialism.

英共在成立之初就声明自己是“在继承原英国共产党（CPGB）的章程和纲领的基础上而重建的”，将自觉担负起推动英国走向社会主义的使命，致力于“在英国实现社会主义”。进入21世纪以来，英共立足现实、坚持不懈，在理论和实践上对推动英国走向社会主义进行了新的探索。

I. The Communist Party of Britain's Theoretical Exploration of the Path to Socialism in Britain

一、英国共产党关于英国走向社会主义的理论探索

The CPB's Party Programme is an important document that expresses the Party's political thought and guides its various activities. Since the 21st century, the CPB has revised its Party Programme, *The Path to Socialism in Britain*, three times, in 2001, 2011, and 2020, continuously adjusting and updating its strategic thinking on the path to socialism in Britain. In this process, the CPB has put forward key ideas such as the "Alternative Economic and Political Strategy," the "Left Programme," the "Broad Democratic Anti-Monopoly Alliance," and "A Left Government in Power," gradually forming a theoretical conception of the path to socialism in Britain.

英共党纲是表明英共政治思想、指导英共开展各项活动的重要文献。21世纪以来，英共先后于2001年、2011年和2020年对党纲《英国走向社会主义的道路》进行了3次修订，不断调整、更新英国走向社会主义的战略思想。在此过程中，英共提出了“替代性经济政治战略”“左翼计划”“大众民主反垄断联盟”“左翼政府掌权”等主要思想，逐渐形成了关于英国走向社会主义的理论构想。

(I) The Development of the Alternative Economic and Political Strategy and the Foundation for Advancing towards Socialism

（一）替代性经济政治战略的发展与走向社会主义的基础

In its first Party Programme after its founding, the 1989 Programme, the CPB inherited the Alternative Economic and Political Strategy advocated by the original CPGB since the 1950s. This strategy emphasized raising the living standards of the people, expanding democracy, pursuing an independent foreign policy, taking active measures to counter capitalist resistance, and seizing state power. The CPB believed that although seizing state power was a prerequisite for establishing a socialist Britain, the conditions at the time did not yet permit launching a socialist revolution, as the British trade union movement was not yet mature and working-class consciousness had not yet risen to socialist consciousness. Under these circumstances, the CPB's primary task was first to address various urgent concrete struggles, and on this basis, build a battle front for the working class, accumulate strength to seize the wealth and power of the bourgeoisie, and achieve fundamental social change. Accomplishing these tasks required utilizing the Alternative Economic and Political Strategy to integrate a series of complex issues into a unified and coordinated framework, thereby more effectively defending the interests of the working class.

英共在成立后的首版党纲，即1989年党纲中，继承了原英国共产党（CPGB）自20世纪50年代起主张的替代性经济政治战略，强调提高人民生活水平，扩大民主，奉行独立的外交政策，采取积极措施应对资本主义的抵抗，掌握国家政权。英共认为，虽然建立社会主义的英国必须首先夺取国家政权，但由于当时英国工会发展尚不成熟，工人阶级意识尚未上升为社会主义意识，现实条件还不允许发动社会主义革命。在此情况下，英共的主要任务首先是应对亟待解决的各种具体斗争问题，在此基础上建立工人阶级的斗争战线，积聚力量夺取资产阶级的财富和权力，实现社会基本变革。完成上述任务需借助替代性经济政治战略，以此将一系列复杂问题纳入一个统一协调的框架，进而更有效地捍卫工人阶级利益。

The 2001 version of the CPB's Party Programme removed the sections on "countering capitalist resistance" and "state power" from the Alternative Economic and Political Strategy, while simultaneously updating policies on the economy, society, democracy, and foreign affairs. In terms of economic and social policy, the direct goal of economic planning was changed from the previous aim of raising workers' individual incomes to boosting the economy, emphasizing that "strict measures must be taken to protect the environment." Regarding political rights and the political system, new proposals were put forward, such as strengthening press freedom and abolishing the monarchy and the House of Lords, calling for further expansion of democratic struggles. In foreign policy, the Programme advocated for Britain's withdrawal from the European Union, because "the EU deliberately and insidiously undermines the sovereignty and democracy of all member states – and weakening democracy in Britain weakens the socialist struggle."

2001年版英共党纲中的替代性经济政治战略删去了“应对资本主义的抵抗”部分和“国家权力”部分，同时更新了经济、社会、民主、外交等方面的政策。在经济与社会政策方面，将经济计划的直接目标由先前的提高工人个人收入改为提振经济，强调“必须采取严格措施保护环境”；在政治权利和政治制度方面，提出加强新闻自由、废除君主制和议会上议院等新主张，要求进一步扩大民主斗争；在外交政策方面，提出英国必须退出欧盟的主张，因为“欧盟蓄意暗中削弱所有成员国的主权和民主——而弱化英国的民主就会弱化社会主义斗争”。

While the 2011 version of the CPB's Party Programme continued the previous Alternative Economic and Political Strategy, it made significant adjustments and detailed planning in sections such as "Struggle on Three Fronts," the "Left Programme," the "Broad Democratic Anti-Monopoly Alliance," and "A Left Government in Power." "Struggle on Three Fronts" proposed, from a macro perspective, waging political struggle against the bourgeoisie on "three distinct but interconnected main fronts: the economic, political, and ideological and cultural." The "Left Programme," written into the Party Programme for the first time, is a unified alternative policy package aimed at advancing the labour movement and progressive movements, broadly covering the key issues addressed in the previous Programme, such as the economy, environment, society, culture, finance, democracy, and foreign policy. The "Broad Democratic Anti-Monopoly Alliance" is dedicated to building an alliance between the working class and other progressive forces opposed to state monopoly capitalism, concentrating forces for joint action to collectively advance the realization of the "Left Programme." "A Left Government in Power" and the final chapter of the Programme, "Towards Socialism and Communism," comprehensively elaborated a "three-step" vision for Britain's path to socialism, providing a macro-level plan for how to achieve socialism in Britain.

2011年版英共党纲虽然延续了之前的替代性经济政治战略思想，但在“三个战线的斗争”“左翼计划”“大众民主反垄断联盟”“左翼政府掌权”等部分进行了大幅调整和细致规划。“三个战线的斗争”从宏观的角度提出，要从“经济、政治、意识形态和文化三个彼此不同但相互联系的主要战线”同资产阶级展开政治斗争。首次被写入党纲的“左翼计划”是一个统一的替代性政策方案，旨在推进劳工运动和进步运动，基本涵盖了经济、环境、社会、文化、金融、民主和外交政策等前一版党纲所涉及的重要问题。“大众民主反垄断联盟”致力于建立工人阶级与其他反对国家垄断资本主义的进步力量的联盟，集中力量进行联合行动，共同推进“左翼计划”的实现。“左翼政府掌权”及党纲的最后一章“走向社会主义和共产主义”全面阐述了英国走向社会主义的“三步走”设想，对在英国如何实现社会主义作出宏观规划。

The 2020 version of the CPB's Party Programme is largely consistent with the 2011 version in its explanation of the Alternative Economic and Political Strategy. The main changes involve supplementing and refining the content of the "Left Programme" in light of new social conditions, such as emphasizing the importance of uniting the working class and progressive forces, and explaining the characteristics of a progressive federal system. "Overall, the 2011 and 2020 Programmes are more radical than their predecessors."

2020年版英共党纲关于替代性经济政治战略的阐释与2011年版基本一致，主要变化在于根据新的社会条件，补充完善了“左翼计划”的内容，如强调团结工人阶级和进步力量的重要性，阐释了进步的联邦制的特点等。“总的来说，2011年和2020年版党纲是比前几版更为激进的党纲。”

Currently, the CPB conducts its activities guided by the 2020 Party Programme, which has undergone a series of adjustments and refinements. The Alternative Economic and Political Strategy is the CPB's strategic thought; within it, the "Left Programme" is the specific alternative policy package; the "Broad Democratic Anti-Monopoly Alliance" is the practical force for advancing the "Left Programme"; and the full development of the "Left Programme" and the "Broad Democratic Anti-Monopoly Alliance" constitutes the primary foundation for achieving a left government in power in Britain and advancing towards socialism.

当前，英共以经过一系列调整和完善的2020年版党纲为指导开展各项活动。替代性经济政治战略是英共的战略思想，其中的“左翼计划”是具体的替代性政策方案，“大众民主反垄断联盟”是推进“左翼计划”的实践力量，“左翼计划”和“大众民主反垄断联盟”的充分发展是在英国实现左翼政府掌权、走向社会主义的首要基础。

(II) The First Step towards Socialism: Strengthening Electoral Strength

（二）走向社会主义的第一步：增强选举力量

The CPB believes that "the first phase of the British revolutionary process means a substantial and sustained leftward shift in the labour movement, greater and broader support from the working class and the masses for the key policy of the 'Left Programme', and the development and strengthening of the anti-monopoly alliance forces through a series of struggles." It can be seen that the beginning of the British socialist revolution depends on the development of the Broad Democratic Anti-Monopoly Alliance and the labour movement.

英共认为，“英国革命进程的第一个阶段意味着劳工运动出现实质性的、持续性的左转，‘左翼计划’这一关键政策得到工人阶级和人民大众更多、更广泛的支持，反垄断联盟力量在一系列斗争中得到发展壮大”。可见，英国社会主义革命的开始依赖于大众民主反垄断联盟和劳工运动的发展。

In the view of the CPB, the mass democratic anti-monopoly alliance “transforms a series of defensive struggles against capitalist monopoly, right-wing governments, and reactionary policies into a united offensive of a broad front, winning support for the ‘Left-Wing Plan’”, concentrating forces to advance the implementation of the “Left-Wing Plan” and the process of socialist revolution. Britain’s state monopoly capitalism exploits people in all dimensions; if revolutionary movements are carried out in isolation and singly, they cannot deliver a powerful shock to the systematic rule of the bourgeoisie. Therefore, the organized working class, as the leading force for social progress and revolutionary change, must establish the broadest possible alliance with all other social movements striving for progress, democracy, equality, and justice, integrate social revolutionary forces, and intensify the anti-capitalist struggle.

在英共看来，大众民主反垄断联盟“将一系列对资本主义垄断、右翼政府和反动政策的防御斗争，转变为广泛战线的联合进攻，为‘左翼计划’赢得支持”，集中力量推进“左翼计划”的实施和社会主义革命进程。英国的国家垄断资本主义对人的剥削是全方位的，如果孤立、单一地各自开展革命运动，就不能对资产阶级的系统统治造成强大冲击。因此，有组织的工人阶级作为社会进步和革命变革的主导力量，必须与所有其他争取进步、民主、平等和公正的社会运动建立尽可能广泛的联盟，整合社会革命力量，强化反资本主义的斗争。

The CPB points out that in the first stage, the main task of the mass democratic anti-monopoly alliance is to do its utmost to unite revolutionary forces to participate in parliamentary elections and enhance the influence of revolutionary forces in parliamentary elections. The support of the working class and the masses is crucial for advancing the implementation of the “Left-Wing Plan”, but in the initial stage, it is necessary to rely on electoral methods to gain popular support. “The initial stage of the British socialist revolution must culminate in the election of a left-wing government in parliament, which depends on whether socialists, the Labour Party, communists, and progressive forces constitute a majority in the election.” Therefore, it is necessary to fully leverage the role of the mass democratic anti-monopoly alliance. Socialists and communists, as the leading forces for social change, must flexibly adjust their electoral strategies based on political principles and actual conditions, and strengthen the unity and cooperation of revolutionary forces during the election period.

英共指出，在第一阶段，大众民主反垄断联盟的主要任务是尽力团结革命力量参与议会选举，提高革命力量在议会选举中的影响力。工人阶级和人民大众的支持对推进“左翼计划”的实施至关重要，但在开始阶段需要借助选举方式才能获得民众的支持，“英国社会主义革命的开始阶段必须以左翼政府在议会中的选举为高潮，这取决于社会主义者、工党、共产主义者和进步力量在选举中是否占多数”。因此，需要充分发挥大众民主反垄断联盟的作用，社会主义者和共产主义者作为社会变革的主导力量，要根据政治原则和现实状况灵活调整选举策略，加强革命力量在选举期间的团结合作。

(III) The Second Step towards Socialism: A Left-Wing Government Takes Power

（三）走向社会主义的第二步：左翼政府掌权

The CPB believes that “electing a left-wing government committed to advancing an alternative economic and political strategy and the ‘Left-Wing Plan’ is the hallmark of the revolutionary process entering its second stage.” The “Left-Wing Plan” is the core of the alternative economic and political strategy. It is a unified set of specific alternative policy proposals that comprehensively consider multiple fields such as the economy, politics, culture, and foreign affairs. It indicates the specific direction of social revolution and serves as the governing foundation of the left-wing government. The main contents of the “Left-Wing Plan” include developing an efficient and sustainable economy, upholding social justice and developing a democratic culture, raising funds for the “Left-Wing Plan”, expanding and deepening democracy, implementing a progressive federal system, and pursuing an independent foreign and defense policy. Its purpose is to resist the exploitation and oppression of state monopoly capitalism and expand the interests of the workers and the masses.

英共认为，“选举一个致力于推进替代性经济政治战略及‘左翼计划’的左翼政府，是革命进程转入第二阶段的标志”。“左翼计划”是替代性经济政治战略的核心，是综合考量经济、政治、文化、外交等多个领域统一的替代性具体政策方案，指明了社会革命的具体方向，是左翼政府的施政基础。“左翼计划”的主要内容包括发展高效且可持续的经济，维护社会正义和发展民主文化，为“左翼计划”筹措资金，扩大和深化民主，实行进步的联邦制，奉行独立的外交和国防政策等。其目的是反抗国家垄断资本主义的剥削和压迫，扩大工人和大众的利益。

The CPB points out that the task of the second stage of the socialist revolution is to combine parliamentary and extra-parliamentary struggles to implement the main policies of the “Left-Wing Plan”. After the left-wing government takes power, it must cooperate closely with the labor movement, centered on the organized working class, and other forces of the mass democratic anti-monopoly alliance, doing its utmost to involve them in the formulation and implementation of government decisions. The left-wing government must take measures to counter all covert and overt counter-revolutionary activities to consolidate its power. Economically, it must control capital flows, close tax havens, control and liquidate Britain’s overseas assets, and implement public ownership; culturally, it must curb counter-revolutionary propaganda; politically, it must transform the state apparatus by reorganizing administrative institutions; internationally, although international capitalism will attempt to obstruct Britain’s path towards socialism, communists, leftists, progressives, anti-imperialists, and non-aligned governments in other countries will provide assistance to the left-wing government, alleviating the external pressure it faces.

英共指出，社会主义革命第二阶段的任务是议会内和议会外斗争相结合，推行“左翼计划”主要政策。左翼政府掌握政权后，必须与以有组织的工人阶级为核心的劳工运动、大众民主反垄断联盟的其他力量密切合作，尽力让他们参与政府决策的制定和施行过程。左翼政府要采取措施应对所有隐秘和公开的反革命活动以巩固政权。经济上，要控制资本流动、关闭避税天堂、控制并清算英国的海外资产、推行公有制；文化上，要遏制反革命宣传；政治上，要通过重组行政机构的方式变革国家机器；在国际方面，虽然国际资本主义会试图阻碍英国走向社会主义，但是其他国家的共产主义者、左翼人士、进步分子、反帝国主义者和不结盟政府会对左翼政府提供援助，缓解左翼政府面临的外部压力。

(IV) The Third Step towards Socialism: Establishing Socialism

（四）走向社会主义的第三步：建立社会主义

The CPB believes that the struggle waged by the left-wing government after taking office to implement the key policies of the “Left-Wing Plan” will inevitably encounter resolute resistance from monopoly capital and reactionary forces both within and outside the state apparatus. “The intense confrontation between the two marks the entry of the social revolutionary process into its third and most critical stage.”

英共认为，左翼政府上台后为实施“左翼计划”的关键政策而进行的斗争，一定会遭到垄断资本及其国家机器内外反动势力的坚决抵抗，“二者之间的激烈对抗，标志着社会革命进程已经进入第三个也是最关键的阶段”。

In this decisive stage of the revolutionary process, the key factor in the struggle lies in the growth of extra-parliamentary and broader social support forces. The CPB points out that at this time, special attention must be paid to mobilizing the mass democratic anti-monopoly alliance to defend popular sovereignty and assist the left-wing government in implementing its policies. If the implementation of the key policies of the “Left-Wing Plan” encounters obvious obstacles, it may be necessary to temporarily abandon the implementation of policies that could trigger confrontation with state power, and instead proceed to implement other, more moderate policies of the “Left-Wing Plan”. However, if the wealth and power of finance capitalists grow substantially, enabling them to use all weapons at their disposal to oppose the revolutionary movement and the left-wing government, then further necessary measures must be taken to completely deprive them of their political power. Whether the optimal strategy for the revolutionary movement can be adopted to weaken the power of the bourgeoisie determines the degree of violence in the social revolution.

在革命进程的这一决定性阶段，斗争的关键因素在于议会外和更广泛的社会支持力量的增长。英共指出，此时要特别注重动员大众民主反垄断联盟维护人民主权，以及协助左翼政府实施其政策。如果实施“左翼计划”的关键政策遭遇明显阻碍，那就不得不暂时放弃实施可能引发国家权力对抗的政策，转而着手实施“左翼计划”的其他较为温和的政策。但是，如果金融资本家的财富和力量大幅增长，可以使用所掌握的一切武器反对革命运动和左翼政府，那就必须进一步采取必要措施，彻底剥夺他们的政治权力。能否采取最优的革命运动策略削弱资产阶级力量，决定了社会革命的暴力程度。

In summary, the left-wing government that holds state power will “replace the capitalist state apparatus with a state apparatus representing the interests of the working class and the entire people through comprehensive measures of reform, reorganization, and democratization, establishing what Marx and Lenin called the ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’”. For Britain, this refers to “replacing the current dictatorship of the petty bourgeoisie with the rule of the overwhelming majority.” [1]1 The "Left Project" (左翼计划) refers to the CPB's strategic effort to build a broad left-wing alliance, primarily with the Labour Party, to advance socialist policies in Britain. Along with the collapse of monopoly capitalism, Britain will ultimately establish socialism.

总之，掌握政权的左翼政府将“通过改革、重组和民主化的全面措施，用代表工人阶级和全体人民利益的国家机器取代资本主义国家机器，确立马克思和列宁所说的‘无产阶级专政’”，对于英国而言，这是指“以绝大多数人的统治取代目前的小资产阶级的独裁统治”。伴随着垄断资本主义的土崩瓦解，英国最终将建立社会主义。

II. Practical Explorations of the Communist Party of Britain in Promoting Britain towards Socialism

二、英国共产党推动英国走向社会主义的实践探索

The CPB’s constitution states that “socialism can only be achieved through the will and action of the broadest masses led by the working class,” emphasizing the importance of the Communist Party leading the masses in practical struggles to advance the process of socialist revolution. Since the 21st century, the CPB has adjusted its practical direction and expanded its practical fields based on the development and changes in the world socialist movement and British social conditions. It has actively explored the path for Britain towards socialism from aspects such as participating in electoral activities, developing social movements, and contributing to the international communist movement.

英共党章提出，“只有依靠工人阶级领导的最广大人民的意志和行动，才能实现社会主义”，强调共产党领导广大人民开展实践斗争对于推进社会主义革命进程的重要性。21世纪以来，英共根据世界社会主义运动和英国社会条件的发展变化，调整实践方向、拓展实践领域，从参加选举活动、发展社会运动、助力国际共运等方面积极探索英国走向社会主义的道路。

(I) Participating in Electoral Activities, Defending Workers’ Rights

（一）参加选举活动，维护工人权益

The electoral system is an important component of the British political system. Although the CPB is small in scale and occupies a marginal position in the British party political landscape, it is still registered with the British Electoral Commission and can nominate its own candidates to participate in elections. Under conditions where conditions for launching a socialist revolution are not fully ripe, the CPB actively participates in electoral activities to win more rights and interests for the working class and expand the influence of the working class in electoral activities. This is also an important task of the first stage in the alternative economic and political strategy for promoting Britain towards socialism.

选举制度是英国政治制度的重要组成部分。虽然英共规模较小且在英国政党政治格局中处于边缘位置，但仍被英国选举委员会登记在册，可以推选本党候选人参加选举。在没有充分条件发动社会主义革命的情况下，英共通过积极参加选举活动，为工人阶级争取更多权益，扩大工人阶级在选举活动中的影响力，这也是替代性经济政治战略中推动英国走向社会主义的第一阶段的重要任务。

The CPB fielded 6 candidates in the general elections of 2001, 2005, and 2010, but their vote share was consistently below 0.01%. In 2015, the CPB fielded 9 candidates, but support still showed no significant change. Subsequently, the CPB changed its electoral strategy, deciding to support the Labour Party in general elections rather than nominating its own candidates. Additionally, before announcing its support for Brexit, the CPB also joined with left-wing groups to actively participate in European Parliament elections, hoping to unite left-wing forces to jointly participate in handling regional affairs.

英共在2001年、2005年和2010年全国议会选举中均推出6名候选人参加竞选，然而得票率均低于0.01%。2015年英共推出9名候选人参加选举，但支持率依然没有显著变化。此后，英共改变选举策略，决定在大选中支持工党而不再提名本党候选人。另外，英共在宣布支持英国脱欧之前，还联合左翼团体积极参加欧洲议会选举，希望团结左翼力量共同参与处理地区事务。

Compared with the results of general elections and European Parliament elections, the CPB’s performance in local elections has been relatively optimistic. Since 2000, the CPB has repeatedly participated in elections in some constituencies in England, Scotland, and Wales, with support rates consistently above 0.2%, often exceeding 1%, and reaching 2.2% in the 2010 Hackney mayoral election. In the May 2021 local elections, the CPB fielded the largest number of candidates in its history, contesting over 40 seats in the Welsh Parliament, the Scottish Parliament, the London Assembly, and English local councils, with the campaign slogan “Capitalism is the problem; socialism is the solution.” CPB General Secretary Robert Griffiths argued that this historic high in the number of CPB candidates was no accident, because “the CPB offers the only viable alternative to the increasingly decaying economy, environment, and society under the capitalist system,” and “the CPB’s revised new party programme, *The British Road to Socialism*, resonates with many radical voters from the working class, especially young people facing job insecurity, expensive and poor-quality housing, and the collapse of public services.”

相较于全国大选和欧洲议会选举结果，英共在地方选举中的成绩相对乐观。2000年以来，英共多次参加英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士部分选区的选举活动，支持率均高于0.2%，多次超过1%，其中在2010年哈克尼市长选举中的支持率达到2.2%。在2021年5月的地方选举中，英共推出了建党以来人数最多的候选人竞选威尔士议会、苏格兰议会、伦敦议会和英格兰地方议会中的40多个席位，提出“资本主义是问题，社会主义是解决方案”的竞选口号。英共总书记罗伯特·格里菲斯（Robert Griffiths）认为，此次英共候选人数量达到历史最多并非偶然，因为“英共提出了唯一可行的替代方案，以应对资本主义制度下日益颓败的经济、环境和社会”，“英共修订后的新版党纲《英国走向社会主义的道路》引起许多工人阶级激进选民，尤其是那些面临工作不稳定、住房昂贵且劣质、公共服务崩溃等问题的年轻人的共鸣”。

(2) Developing Social Movements, Opening the Revolutionary Path

（二）发展社会运动，开辟革命道路

As early as the beginning of the 21st century, the CPB pointed out that “in Britain, the key to advancing socialism in unity lies in the unity of the Left,” and that “if real forces are mobilised around the demand for an alternative economic and political strategy, Britain can be pushed towards a new process to resolve the crisis of the people’s interests, expand democracy, and open the path for a socialist revolution.” The CPB’s methods of mobilisation mainly include developing the labour movement and promoting social democratic movements such as women’s liberation, anti-racism, opposition to cuts in social spending, environmental protection, and nuclear disarmament.

英共早在21世纪初就指出，“在英国，团结一致推进社会主义的关键在于左翼的团结”，“如果围绕替代性经济政治战略的要求将现实力量动员起来，就可以将英国推向新进程，以解决人民的利益危机，扩大民主，为社会主义革命开辟道路”。英共的动员方式主要包括发展劳工运动以及推动妇女解放、反种族主义、反削减社会开支、环境保护、核裁军等社会民主运动。

Over the past 20 years, the CPB has carried out diverse practices in the labour movement and social democratic movements, striving to enable more people to fully understand and take action to solve the current problems of capitalism. In the labour movement, the CPB focuses on urging its members to participate in trade union-organised workers’ movements, emphasising that trade unions are the most powerful organisations of the working class and lead the direction of the workers’ movement. In social democratic movements, the CPB believes that “struggles against the low status of women, anti-racism, and other forms of anti-oppression, although each has its own characteristics, are all important aspects of the class struggle” and are an important component of the anti-capitalist struggle. Among these, the issue of women’s liberation has always been a key focus of the CPB. Although more and more women are striving to improve their status through participation in labour, women still cannot enjoy equal status with men. To this end, the CPB has made many efforts in helping women obtain labour opportunities, narrowing the pay gap between women and men, safeguarding women’s inheritance rights, and calling for an end to violence against women. It also publicly publishes the journal *Communist Women*, calling on communist women to continue to advance. The 56th Congress of the CPB specifically pointed out the need to encourage all comrades to study the classic Marxist works on the social status of women and deepen their understanding of the struggle for women’s liberation. The CPB has always firmly opposed racism and Nazism, believing that racism poses a serious threat to British society. It has repeatedly organised anti-racist demonstrations and a series of anti-fascist activities called “One Day,” calling on people of all races to unite against racial discrimination. In the field of ecological environmental protection, the CPB supports incorporating the green movement into the anti-capitalist movement and uniting with environmentalists to promote social change. The CPB adopted a supportive stance towards the Brexit movement, hoping to better protect the interests of trade unions and the working class.

20余年来，英共在劳工运动和社会民主运动方面开展了多样化实践，争取使更多人充分认识并采取行动解决当前资本主义面临的问题。在劳工运动方面，英共注重督促其党员参加工会组织的工人运动，强调工会是最强大的工人阶级组织，引领着工人运动的发展方向。在社会民主运动方面，英共认为，“反对妇女地位低下、反种族主义及其他形式的反压迫斗争虽然各有特色，但都是阶级斗争的重要方面”，是反资本主义斗争的重要组成部分。其中，妇女解放问题始终是英共关注的重点问题，虽然越来越多的女性通过参加劳动为提高自身地位而努力，但是女性仍然无法拥有与男性平等的地位。为此，英共在帮助女性获得劳动机会、缩小女性与男性之间的薪酬差距、维护女性继承权、呼吁停止对女性施暴等方面作出了诸多努力，并公开出版《共产主义妇女》期刊，号召共产主义妇女继续前进。英共第五十六次代表大会特别指出，要鼓励所有同志学习马克思主义关于妇女社会地位的经典著作，加深对妇女解放斗争的认识。英共始终坚定反对种族主义和纳粹主义，认为种族主义对英国社会构成了严重威胁，多次举办反种族主义示威游行活动和名为“一天（“One Day”）”的反法西斯主义系列活动，号召各种族人民联合起来反对种族歧视。在生态环境保护方面，英共支持将绿色运动纳入反资本主义运动，联合环保主义者推进社会变革。英共对英国脱欧运动持赞同态度，以期更大程度地保障工会和工人阶级的利益。

After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Britain experienced crises such as unemployment, disease, and the loss of public service functions. In this situation, the CPB actively acted to protect the rights and interests of the working class, organising a series of “Fight Back Against Unemployment” activities aimed at preventing employers from laying off workers and maintaining job stability; severely criticising the underfunding and privatisation of medical and health institutions, which it considered the main culprit for the high mortality rate; and calling on more people to get vaccinated against COVID-19 to protect people’s safety.

新冠肺炎疫情发生后，英国出现失业、疾病和公共服务职能缺失等危机。在此情况下，英共积极行动以保护工人阶级的各项权益，组织了“失业反击”系列活动，致力于阻止雇佣单位裁员和维护工人工作稳定；严厉批评医疗卫生机构的资金不足和私有化现象，认为这是导致高死亡率的罪魁祸首；呼吁更多人接种新冠疫苗，保护人民安全。

(3) Assisting the International Communist Movement, Strengthening International Solidarity

（三）助力国际共运，加强国际团结

The CPB clearly defines itself as “a component part of the international communist movement” and assists the international communist movement in various ways, contributing the strength of British communists to the world workers’ movement, peace, solidarity, and other democratic movements.

英共明确自我界定为“国际共产主义运动的组成部分”，并以多种方式助力国际共产主义运动，为世界工运、和平、团结及其他民主运动贡献了英国共产主义者的力量。

The CPB has always attached great importance to maintaining close ties with communist and workers’ parties around the world, striving to promote the unity and solidarity of the working class on a global scale. The International Meeting of Communist and Workers’ Parties (IMCWP) is a major platform for international cooperation and exchange among communist and workers’ parties with significant influence in the world today. Since the first meeting in 1998, the CPB has sent delegates to attend the meeting every year, actively exchanging experiences with various parties, except in 2001 and 2002 when it sent congratulatory letters. In December 2021, affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the IMCWP was held as a special telephone conference, with 355 political parties or organisations from around the world, including the Communist Party of China, participating. CPB General Secretary Griffiths delivered a speech, introducing the current social situation in Britain and the CPB’s plan to promote Britain along the socialist path.

英共始终重视与世界各地的共产党和工人党保持密切联系，致力于推动世界范围内工人阶级的联合与团结。共产党和工人党国际会议是当今世界上影响力较大的共产党工人党国际合作与交流的平台。自1998年首次召开大会以来，英共除2001年和2002年向大会致贺信外，每年都选派代表出席会议，与各党积极交流经验。2021年12月，受新冠肺炎疫情影响，共产党和工人党国际会议以特别电话会议方式召开，包括中国共产党在内的全球355个政党或组织参会，英共总书记格里菲斯发表讲话，介绍了英国社会现状和英共推动英国走向社会主义道路的规划。

The CPB resolutely opposes imperialism and war and actively supports the resistance struggles of nations and peoples oppressed by imperialism worldwide. The CPB criticises the so-called “humanitarian intervention” pursued by imperialism, pointing out that “it is because of the military interventions of the United States, Britain, and France that Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and Syria have fallen into catastrophic chaos and slaughter,” and that “what these Western governments have truly cared about has never been human rights, but mineral resources, trade routes, and military bases.” Influenced by covert US encouragement, as well as Hurricane Elsa and the COVID-19 pandemic, sporadic anti-socialist demonstrations occurred in Cuba. The CPB praised the rapid response of the Communist Party of Cuba and patriotic forces in quickly quelling a coup attempt backed by the United States, stating that “no false American-style ‘freedom’ can provide the health and education services that are vital to Cuban socialism.”

英共坚决反对帝国主义和战争，积极支持世界范围内受帝国主义压迫的民族和国家进行反抗斗争。英共批评帝国主义推行的所谓“人道主义干预”，指出正是“由于美国、英国和法国的军事干预，阿富汗、伊拉克、利比亚和叙利亚陷入了灾难性的混乱和屠杀”，“这些西方政府真正关心的问题从来不是人权，而是矿产资源、贸易路线和军事基地”。受美国暗中鼓动以及飓风埃尔莎和新冠肺炎疫情的影响，古巴发生了零星的反社会主义示威活动。英共称赞古巴共产党和爱国主义力量反应迅速，快速平息了一场由美国支持的政变，并称“任何虚假的美式‘自由’，都无法提供对古巴社会主义至关重要的卫生和教育服务”。

After the global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the CPB repeatedly united with communist parties from various countries to jointly safeguard public health and safety, highly praising China’s outstanding performance in fighting the pandemic. The CPB believes that “the pandemic has further proven that capitalism is unwilling or unable to meet people’s basic needs in a general crisis,” and that “the environmental crisis and the inequitable distribution of vaccines reflect the continuous conflict, war, disease, and environmental degradation inherent in capitalism.” In April 2021, the CPB and communist parties from 38 countries and regions issued the “Joint Statement of Communist and Workers’ Parties on Vaccines,” calling for increased efforts in vaccination and treatment of infectious diseases, pointing out that this is the priority plan for safeguarding the common interests of the working class and the broad masses of the people. China’s anti-pandemic work won high praise from the CPB. The CPB believes that China’s decisive intervention approach to fighting the pandemic effectively controlled the outbreak, criticising Britain’s laissez-faire policy for making the pandemic worse, noting that “a large number of Chinese people could safely enjoy their National Day holiday travels, while millions of British people faced difficult choices and a Christmas without their families.”

新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围内发生后，英共多次联合各国共产党共同维护民众健康安全，高度称赞中国在抗击新冠肺炎疫情方面的突出表现。英共认为，“疫情进一步证明了资本主义不愿意或无法在普遍危机中满足人们的基本需求”，“环境危机和疫苗分配不公，反映出资本主义内蕴着持续的冲突、战争、疾病和环境退化”。2021年4月，英共等38个国家和地区的共产党发表《各国共产党和工人党关于疫苗的联合声明》，呼吁加大疫苗接种和治疗传染病的力度，指出这是维护工人阶级和广大人民群众共同利益的优先方案。中国的抗疫工作赢得了英共的高度赞赏。英共认为中国采取果断干预的抗疫方式有效控制了疫情，批评英国的放任政策致使疫情愈加严重，“大量中国民众可以安全地享受国庆假期旅游，而英国数百万民众却面临着艰难的抉择和没有家人的圣诞节”。

The CPB attaches great importance to strengthening its ties with the Communist Party of China, believing that China plays an important role in promoting the development of the world socialist movement. In its 2020 edition of the Party Programme, the CPB points out that "China, which has risen to become a major progressive force in the world, may play a crucial role in the process of social revolution in Britain and other regions." In 2021, at the "Conference to Celebrate the Centenary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China" co-hosted by the Chinese Consulate General in Manchester and the CPB, CPB General Secretary Robert Griffiths exclaimed, "China can achieve more development accomplishments in 50 years than other countries, such as Britain, would take over 200 years to achieve, and it does so without resorting to international slave trade and colonial plunder." "On the international stage, China represents a sober and rational voice internationally and is a beacon of hope for countless people."

英共十分重视加强与中国共产党的联系，认为中国对推动世界社会主义运动发展具有重要作用。英共在2020年版党纲中指出，“崛起为世界主要进步力量的中国，可能对英国和其他地区的社会革命进程发挥至关重要的作用”。2021年，在中国驻曼彻斯特总领馆和英共共同举办的“庆祝中国共产党百年华诞大会”上，英共总书记格里菲斯赞叹道，“中国可以在50年内取得更多发展成就，而其他国家比如英国要花200多年，而且并不通过国际奴隶贸易和殖民掠夺来实现”，“在国际舞台上，中国代表着国际上清醒理智的声音，是无数人民希望的灯塔”。

III. The Realistic Predicaments and Development Prospects of the Communist Party of Britain

三、英国共产党的现实困境与发展前景

The CPB has always adhered to the lofty goal of achieving socialism in Britain and has been tirelessly exploring ways to promote Britain toward socialism. In practice, the CPB consistently upholds the scientific attitude of Marxism advancing with the times, continuously making theoretical adjustments based on changes in the international situation and domestic social conditions, and has achieved some progress. However, numerous realistic predicaments from both internal and external sources hinder the CPB from achieving substantial development, and the path for the CPB to promote Britain toward socialism will inevitably be tortuous and long.

英共始终坚持在英国实现社会主义的远大目标，一直在为推动英国走向社会主义而不懈探索。在实践中，英共一贯坚持马克思主义与时俱进的科学态度，依据国际形势和国内社会条件的变化不断进行理论调整，并取得了一定进步。但来自内外部的诸多现实困境，阻碍着英共取得实质性发展，英共推动英国走向社会主义的道路必将曲折而漫长。

(I) The Communist Party of Britain Faces Internal Development Predicaments

（一）英国共产党面临内部发展困境

First, insufficient party membership. Between 2000 and 2014, the number of CPB members remained around 900. After 2015, the number of CPB members dropped sharply to below 800, fluctuating between 700 and 800 for a long time. It was not until 2021 that the CPB, at its 56th Congress, claimed that thanks to the significant development of the Young Communist League, the number of CPB members had grown to over 1,200, an increase of nearly one-third since 2018. Despite this, the organizational strength of the CPB remains negligible in British politics. The CPB itself is deeply aware of and expresses concern about the difficulty of insufficient membership numbers, stating, "Insufficient membership numbers lead to us being overworked most of the time. If this problem is not solved, our work will stagnate."

首先，党员人数不足。2000年~2014年间，英共党员数始终保持在900名左右。2015年后，英共党员数大幅下降至800人以下，长期在700人~800人之间波动。直到2021年，英共在第五十六次代表大会上宣称，得益于共青团的显著发展，英共党员数已经增长至1200余人，自2018年以来增加了近1/3。尽管如此，英共的组织力量在英国政坛仍然微不足道。英共自身也深切感受到党员数量不足的困难并表示担忧，“党员数不足导致我们在大多数时候超负荷工作,如果这个问题不解决，我们的工作就会停滞不前”。

Second, lack of activity funds. The CPB claims that "the Communist Party is a party that the rich cannot buy off" and that "every penny of the CPB's income comes from its members and supporters," thereby demonstrating its stance of not being swayed by power and its firm commitment to fighting for the realization of socialism. Between 2008 and 2021, the CPB's total donation income was £250,000. Factors such as a single channel for fundraising and insufficient appeal for donations have led to a chronic lack of funds for the CPB, to the point where it is even unable to repay its debts. According to information on the UK Electoral Commission's official website, the CPB has been in debt of around £20,000 every year since 2012, with the total annual debt showing a fluctuating upward trend. The lack of activity funds prevents the CPB from fully carrying out its activities, limiting the party's development.

其次，活动经费匮乏。英共声称“共产党是富人无法收买的政党”，“英共每一分钱的收入都来自党员和支持者”，以此表明不为强权左右、坚定为实现社会主义而斗争的立场。2008年~2021年间，英共的捐款收入总计25万英镑。资金筹措渠道单一、捐赠号召力不足等因素致使英共常年资金匮乏，甚至无力偿还债务。据英国选举委员会官网信息显示，英共自2012年至今每年都负债2万英镑左右，年负债总额呈波动上升趋势。活动经费匮乏导致英共无法充分开展活动，限制了党的发展。

Third, unfavorable organizational construction. Although the CPB's constitution stipulates that the party's organizational principle is democratic centralism, the principle of democratic centralism has not been effectively implemented. In particular, the insufficient development of inner-party democracy significantly restricts the party's vitality and dynamism, which is detrimental to the party's sustained and healthy development. As some scholars have pointed out, the CPB's "democratic construction under the principle of democratic centralism is relatively lacking, making it difficult for the party to accommodate dissenting voices." Furthermore, a political party that neglects inner-party democratic construction "usually cannot develop into a truly broadly-based political party organization," which is "a key flaw in the CPB's political structure."

再次，组织建设不利。虽然英共党章规定党的组织原则为民主集中制，但民主集中制原则未能得到有效落实，尤其是党内民主发展不充分，在很大程度上制约着党的活力和生命力，不利于党的持续健康发展。正如有学者指出的，英共“民主集中制原则下的民主建设相对缺乏，党内难以容纳反对的声音”。而忽视党内民主建设的政党“通常无法发展成真正具有广泛基础的政党组织”，这是英共“政治结构中的一个关键缺陷”。

(II) The Communist Party of Britain Faces External Suppression and Restrictions

（二）英国共产党受到外部打压和限制

The British authorities have always taken it upon themselves to safeguard the interests of big capital, adopting suppressive policies towards radical left-wing forces. In June 2019, the Counter Terrorism Policing unit under the UK Home Office placed the CPB and several other left-wing organizations on an extremist organization watchlist, claiming to prevent the danger of terrorism. In response, CPB General Secretary Robert Griffiths helplessly stated: "The main function of the British intelligence agencies is to maintain the capitalist status quo and protect the ruling class, so it is not surprising that the CPB is on the list, because the CPB is a party committed to replacing capitalism with socialism."

英国当权者始终以维护大资本利益为已任，对激进左翼力量采取打压政策。2019年6月，英国内政部下属反恐警务处将英共及其他多个左翼组织列入极端组织观察名单，声称要防范恐怖主义危险。对此，英共总书记格里菲斯无奈表示：“英国情报机构的主要职能是维护资本主义现状、保护统治阶级，因此英共被列入名单也就不足为奇了，因为英共是一个致力于以社会主义取代资本主义的政党。”

The Conservative Party, which has been in power in Britain for over a decade, represents the interests of the business community and the wealthy class, advocating for restrictions on the development of trade unions and the workers' movement, which has greatly undermined the foundation for the CPB's development. After the 2019 UK general election, the Conservative Party defeated the Labour Party again to win. Griffiths warned: "The Conservative victory means there will be a new attack on trade unions and workers' rights – especially in transport and emergency services – as well as on local democratic government." Indeed, shortly after the election, the new Conservative government intended to refuse to include the promise made during the election campaign to "ensure that workers' rights are not weakened after Brexit" in the Brexit bill submitted to Parliament, seriously damaging the feelings and interests of the broad masses of workers.

执政英国已十余年的保守党是企业界和富裕阶层的代表，主张限制工会和工人运动的发展，这极大破坏了英共的发展基础。2019年英国大选后，保守党再次击败工党获胜。格里菲斯提醒道：“保守党的胜利意味着，即将会有一场针对工会和工人权利——尤其是在交通和应急服务领域——以及地方民主政府的新攻击。”果然，在大选后不久，保守党新政府就意欲拒绝将竞选时承诺的“确保工人的权利不会在英国脱欧后被削弱”写进提交给议会的英国脱欧法案，严重损害了广大工人的情感和利益。

The Labour Party, which the CPB has attempted to ally with, is riddled with factions and numerous contradictions, making it difficult for the CPB's "Left Project" to be effectively realized in practice. In summarizing the reasons for the Labour Party's defeat in the 2019 general election, the CPB pointed out that the Labour Party's shift to an "anti-Brexit" stance was the main reason for its electoral defeat, and that fervent pro-EU Labour MPs played a role in fueling this process, with their aim being to try to completely drive class politics and socialism out of the Labour Party. Furthermore, other radical left-wing minor parties in Britain have significant differences with the CPB in terms of policies and practical paths, making it difficult to reach consensus and form alliances.

作为英共尝试联合的对象，工党党内派别林立、矛盾众多，使英共的“左翼计划”在实践中难以有效实现。英共在总结工党2019年大选失利的原因时指出，工党转向“反对英国脱欧”的立场是导致其大选失败的主要原因，而狂热的亲欧盟派工党议员在此过程中起到了推波助澜的作用，他们的目的就是试图将阶级政治和社会主义完全赶出工党。此外，英国其他激进左翼小党在方针政策与实践路径上与英共存在较大差异，因而也很难达成一致、建立联盟。

(III) The Development Prospects of the Communist Party of Britain: Slow Progress Amidst Predicaments

（三）英国共产党的发展前景：困境中缓进

In the more than 30 years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe, the world socialist movement has advanced tortuously amidst difficulties and challenges. Communist parties in various countries strive to expand their living space and seek to achieve development and revitalization. As a small party rebuilt after the shock of the political earthquake in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the path forward for the Communist Party of Britain is even more arduous.

苏联解体、东欧剧变30余年来，世界社会主义运动在困难挑战中曲折前行，各国共产党努力拓展生存空间，谋求实现发展振兴。作为受苏东政治地震冲击而重建的小党，英国共产党的前行之路更是步履维艰。

However, the CPB has never abandoned its lofty goal of establishing socialism in Britain and has been actively expanding its influence through various means. The CPB attaches great importance to educational and propaganda work targeting the broad masses. It not only widely utilizes mass media to propagate socialist ideas and the party's propositions but also organizes and carries out party education activities over the long term. In terms of print media, the CPB publishes series of books such as *Communist Classics* and *Our History*, focusing on propagating Marxist theory and the history of the working class struggle; its party newspaper, the *Morning Star*, is the main platform for publicizing the party's political propositions, hailed by former Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn as "the best newspaper in Britain"; newspapers, magazines, or pamphlets such as *Communist Review*, *Challenge*, *Communist Women*, *Country Standard*, *Unity!*, and *International Briefing* conduct ideological propaganda on specific aspects such as women's liberation and class solidarity. In terms of electronic media, the CPB's official website comprehensively introduces and publicizes the party's theory and practice, produces electronic versions or websites of various print media, and makes full use of media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook to strengthen the party's ideological dissemination through multiple channels.

但是，英共从未放弃在英国建立社会主义的远大目标，一直积极通过各种方式扩大自身影响力。英共十分重视针对广大民众的教育宣传工作，不但广泛利用大众传媒宣传社会主义思想和党的主张，而且还长期组织开展党的教育活动。纸质传媒方面，英共出版《共产主义经典》和《我们的历史》等系列丛书，重点宣传马克思主义理论和工人阶级斗争史；党报《晨星报》是宣传党的政治主张的主要阵地，被前工党领袖科尔宾（Jeremy Corbyn）称为“英国最好的报纸”；《共产主义评论》《挑战》《共产主义妇女》《乡村标准》《团结！》《国际简报》等报刊或宣传册从妇女解放、阶级团结等具体方面进行思想宣传。电子传媒方面，英共官方网站全面介绍、宣传党的理论和实践，制作各纸质传媒的电子版期刊或网站，充分利用推特、脸书等媒体平台多渠道加强党的思想传播。

In terms of educational activities, between 2004 and 2010, the CPB organized "Communist University" activities annually. The participants in these activities were mostly people dedicated to the labour movement, progressive movements, and anti-imperialist movements. They studied Marxism together in a festival-like manner, expanding the CPB's influence nationwide. In 2011, this activity was renamed "21st Century Marxism." Furthermore, the Young Communist League (YCL), composed of young people aged 12 to 29 committed to the communist cause, serves as the reserve force for the CPB, and the education of YCL members and the development of the YCL have always been highly valued by the CPB.

在教育活动方面，2004年~2010年间英共每年组织“共产主义大学”活动。该活动的参与者多是致力于发展劳工运动、进步运动和反帝国主义运动的人士，他们以节庆的方式共同学习马克思主义，在全国范围内扩大了英共的影响力。2011年该活动更名为“21世纪马克思主义”。此外，由致力于共产主义事业的12岁~29岁青年组成的共青团（Young Communist League，缩写为YCL）是英共的后备力量，共青团员的教育和共青团的发展也一直备受英共重视。

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Communist Party of Britain (CPB) has promptly and thoroughly exposed the irreconcilable contradictions of capitalism, adopted numerous innovative methods to sharply criticize the crisis of capitalist society and the impotence of bourgeois governments, intensified efforts to propagate socialist ideas, and achieved a considerable increase in the Party’s influence and appeal. In November 2021, at its 56th Congress, the CPB celebrated the significant growth in the scale and influence of the British labor movement and progressive movements.

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来，英共及时深入揭露资本主义无法调和的矛盾，采取诸多创新方式严厉批评资本主义社会危机和资产阶级政府的无力，加大力度宣传社会主义思想，党的影响力和号召力都得到较大提升。2021年11月，英共在第五十六次代表大会上庆祝英国劳工运动和进步运动的规模及影响力显著增长。

In summary, the current social environment in Britain greatly restricts the space for the CPB to deepen its practice and expand its forces. However, the CPB has always remained unswerving and persistent, actively seizing opportunities and seeking development, achieving slow progress amidst difficulties, and continuously accumulating strength and creating conditions for Britain’s advance toward socialism.

总之，当前英国的社会环境极大限制着英共深入实践、壮大力量的活动空间。然而，英共始终矢志不渝、坚持不懈，主动把握机遇、谋求发展，在困境中实现缓慢进步，不断为英国走向社会主义积聚力量、创造条件。

(Author: Lü Jin, Professor at the School of Marxism, Chongqing University; Feng Fan, 2018-level Master’s student at the School of Marxism, Chongqing University)

（作者：吕进，重庆大学马克思主义学院教授；冯帆，重庆大学马克思主义学院2018级硕士研究生）

(Project: This article is a phased result of the Chongqing Municipal Social Science Planning Project “Research on Strengthening Ideological and Political Guidance on the New Journey” (2021ZTZD16))

（课题：本文系重庆市社会科学规划项目“新征程加强思想政治引领研究”（2021ZTZD16）的阶段性成果）

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