The New Means of Current US Ideological Infiltration into China and How to Respond

Editor’s note: Ideological infiltration abroad is an important means by which the United States subverts countries it regards as different and maintains its hegemony. At present, in order to obstruct China’s development, the United States is constantly adjusting its means of ideological infiltration, carrying out concrete infiltration through commodities implanted with the American value-symbol system, conducting hype-based infiltration through agenda-setting and hot topics, implementing inducement-based infiltration by means of interest payoffs and seduction, and conducting academic infiltration under the guise of scholarship and by constructing academic traps. Its purpose is to diminish the effectiveness of China’s socialist ideological education, mislead the political judgment of young people, disperse the national cohesion of the Chinese people, and undermine China’s national political security and social stability. To thoroughly expose the truth and essence of the means of US ideological infiltration, promote the construction of China’s ideological perceptual forms, tell China’s story well and spread China’s voice effectively, give full play to the effectiveness and power of the rule of law, and build a philosophical and social science system with Chinese characteristics are the necessary measures to effectively respond to and counter the new means of US ideological infiltration.

编者按：意识形态的对外渗透是美国用来颠覆异己国家维护霸权的重要方式。当前，美国为了阻遏中国的发展，不断调整意识形态渗透的手段，通过植入美国价值符号体系的商品进行具象化渗透，运用议程设置、热点话题进行炒作性渗透，借助利益输出、美色诱惑实施诱导性渗透，打着学术名义、构造学术陷阱进行学术性渗透。其目的旨在消减中国社会主义意识形态教育功效，误导青少年的政治判断力，离散中国人民的民族凝聚力，破坏中国国家政治安全和社会稳定。深刻揭露美国意识形态渗透手段的真相和实质，推动中国意识形态感性形态建设，讲好中国故事传播好中国声音，充分发挥法治效能和法治力量，建设中国特色哲学社会科学体系，是有效回应和反制美国意识形态渗透新手段的应然之策。

The external export of ideology is a habitual means by which the United States subverts countries it regards as different, and also a basic pathway for maintaining US hegemony. Entering the New Era, as China’s comprehensive national strength and international influence have continuously increased, Western countries led by the United States have shown unprecedented anxiety and vigilance toward China’s development momentum. In order to obstruct China’s development, from the Obama administration’s “Asia-Pacific Rebalancing Strategy” to the Trump administration’s “Indo-Pacific Strategy” and then to the Biden administration’s comprehensive competition strategy, within the United States, whether Republican or Democrat, whether members of Congress or heads of government, or even the president, there has been an almost all-round competition and even confrontation with China. Compared with military encirclement and economic confrontation, ideological infiltration is highly covert and can achieve the effect of cutting the ground from under the feet of a country regarded as different, thereby subverting it. After the end of World War II, the United States successively brought down the Soviet Union, repelled Japan, and destabilized the Middle East, with the export and infiltration of ideology playing an extremely important role. In recent years, the United States has successively launched trade wars, technology wars,舆论 wars, and military encirclement wars against China, while at the same time repeating old tricks and coming up with new ones to carry out ideological infiltration against China. Fully recognizing the new means of US ideological infiltration, being vigilant against the negative impacts and harms it causes to our country, changing with the times, acting in accordance with the situation, responding proactively, preventing scientifically, and governing effectively are of great practical significance for responding to and countering US ideological infiltration and safeguarding our country’s ideological security.

意识形态的对外输出是美国颠覆异己国家的惯用手段，也是维护美国霸权的基本途径。进入新时代，随着中国综合国力和国际影响力的不断增强，以美国为首的西方国家对中国的发展态势表现出前所未有的焦虑与警惕。为了阻遏中国的发展，从奥巴马政府的“亚太再平衡战略”到特朗普政府的“印太战略”,再到拜登政府的全面竞争战略，在美国内部无论是共和党还是民主党，无论是国会议员还是政府首脑，抑或是总统，几乎是全方位地对华展开竞争甚至是对抗。相对于军事围堵、经济对抗而言，意识形态渗透隐蔽性强，能够达到釜底抽薪颠覆异己国家的效果。二战结束后，美国先后搞垮苏联、击退日本、搞乱中东，意识形态的输出和渗透发挥着极其重要的作用。近年来，美国连续对华发动了贸易战、科技战、舆论战和军事围堵战，同时故伎重演，别出心裁，对华进行意识形态渗透。充分认清美国意识形态渗透的新手段，警惕其对我国造成的消极影响和危害，因时而变，顺势而为，主动应对，科学防范，有效治理，对于回应和反制美国意识形态渗透维护我国意识形态安全具有重要的现实意义。

I. Ideological Infiltration Is a Habitual Means for the United States to Maintain Hegemony

一、 意识形态渗透是美国维护霸权的惯用手段

Ideology is a term belonging to the category of philosophy; it is “an interrelated system of values, ideas, and beliefs about the nature of human beings and society. It includes a complete set of ideas about what is the best way to live and what is the most appropriate institutional arrangement for society. It often includes a belief in improving society. Ideology includes a picture of a good society and the means to achieve it.” Generally speaking, ideology is composed of three parts: a cognitive system, a value system, and a belief system. As one of the most powerful forces influencing modern international relations and changing the development of the modern world, ideology plays an extremely important role in national governance and social development. So much so that Marx once pointed out: “If we examine things from the perspective of ideas, then the dissolution of a particular ideology is enough to cause the collapse of an entire epoch.” [1]1 This is a paraphrase of a passage from Marx’s *Grundrisse* (1857–1858), often cited in Chinese Marxist discourse to underscore the decisive role of ideology in historical change. Emphasizing the importance of ideological work and attaching importance to ideological work is a fine tradition that Marxist classical writers have always insisted on and carried forward, and it is also a fundamental guarantee for the victory of the proletarian cause.

意识形态属于哲学范畴的词汇，是“关于人和社会本质的相互关联的价值观、思想和信仰体系。它包括一整套关于什么是最好的生活方式以及什么是对社会最合适的制度安排的思想。它常常包括对改善社会的信仰。意识形态包括一个良好社会的图景以及实现的手段。”一般而言，意识形态由认知体系、价值体系和信仰体系三部分组成。作为影响现代国际关系和改变现代世界发展最强大力量之一的意识形态在国家治理和社会发展中发挥着极其重要的作用。以至于马克思曾指出:“如果从观念上来考察，那么一定的意识形态的解体足以使整个时代覆灭。”1强调意识形态工作的重要性以及重视意识形态工作是马克思主义经典作家始终坚持和发扬的优良传统，也是无产阶级事业取得胜利的根本保证。

Ideology concerns the banner, concerns the path, concerns national political security, concerns the long-term stability of the country; it is an extremely important task for a political party and a country. Precisely because of this, after the end of the Cold War, Western countries led by the United States attached great importance to the external export of ideology, and regarded ideological infiltration, along with military conquest and economic plunder, as important means of seeking hegemony. Compared with military conquest and economic plunder, ideological infiltration is not only low-cost but also causes few casualties; its covert nature and effectiveness are difficult for military conquest and economic plunder to match. Ideological infiltration refers to a kind of cultural colonization activity that, through direct or indirect cultural immersion and the export of values, subtly influences or destroys the cognitive system, value system, and belief system of the target country. In this sense, ideological infiltration is a war without gunpowder smoke. Once ideological infiltration is completed, it can achieve the effect of “subduing the enemy without fighting.” In peacetime, US decision-makers and political elites are very fond of using this tactic and, by every possible means, turn it into an important component of their foreign strategy. Keynes once said, “The world is ruled by little else but ideas. Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist.” The late US President Nixon also believed, “The more contact we (the United States) have with the East, the more the East will be influenced by the example of the West, which will inevitably enhance the internal forces that cause change.” With the rise of internet society, the US government’s ideological infiltration has expanded from radio, television, and film media to cyberspace, to the extent that former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton repeatedly stated, “The internet is a huge force for accelerating political, social, and economic change.”

意识形态关乎旗帜、关乎道路、关乎国家政治安全、关乎国家长治久安，是一个政党、一个国家极端重要的工作。正因为如此，冷战结束后，以美国为首的西方国家高度重视意识形态的对外输出，并把意识形态渗透与军事征服、经济掠夺视为谋求霸权的重要手段。相对于军事征服和经济掠夺，意识形态渗透不仅成本低，而且伤亡小，其隐蔽性和作用力是军事征服和经济掠夺手段难以比拟的。意识形态渗透是指通过直接或间接的文化浸润、价值观输出潜移默化影响或摧毁对象国的认知体系、价值体系和信仰体系的一种文化殖民活动。从这个意义上讲，意识形态渗透是一场没有硝烟的战争。意识形态渗透一旦完成，便可以收到“不战而屈人之兵”的效果。在和平年代，美国的决策者和政治精英们非常青睐这一战术的运用，并以极尽可能的手段转化为其对外战略的重要组成部分发挥作用。凯恩斯曾讲过，“统治世界的不过就是这些思想。许多实干家自以为不受任何理论的影响，却往往已沦为某个过往经济学家的奴隶。”美国已故总统尼克松也认为，“我们(美国)与东方的接触越多，使东方受到西方榜样的影响就越大，这就不可避免地会提升引起变革的内部力量。”随着互联网社会的崛起，美国政府的意识形态渗透从广播、电视、电影媒体发展到互联网空间，以至于美国前国务卿希拉里多次提出，“互联网是加速政治、社会和经济变革的巨大力量”。

Indeed, in order to dominate the world, the United States after World War II has always taken values diplomacy as its main diplomatic approach, while simultaneously pushing the ideological factors within values diplomacy to the extreme. To disintegrate the Soviet Union, Voice of America broadcast propaganda to the Soviet Union almost 24 hours a day, while constantly promoting American lifestyles, entertainment methods, and “democratic” methods within the Soviet Union, comprehensively denying Soviet history, the history of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and Soviet leaders. Finally, ideas were confused, lifestyles were disrupted, the organization was paralyzed, the huge Communist Party of the Soviet Union scattered like a tree falling and monkeys dispersing, and finally disintegrated; the US achieved its goal. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, in order to realize its own global interests, the United States repeated its old tricks, using entertainment culture, consumer culture, leisure culture, and other habitual means to carry out ideological infiltration against Japan and South Korea. In order to control the Middle East, the United States intervened in Middle Eastern affairs under the banner of “democracy” and “human rights,” continuously promoting “color revolutions,” causing chaos in countries in the Middle East and North Africa, with refugees everywhere; the United States easily controlled the Middle East and North Africa without expending much effort. In order to obstruct China’s rise, the United States, on the one hand, engages with China, attempting to realize the transformation of China through engagement; on the other hand, it gives full play to its advantages in capital, technology, information, and media, attempting to wear down the will of the Chinese people, destroy their beliefs, and disintegrate their fighting spirit through the fast-food culture of McDonald’s, the film culture of Hollywood, and the chip culture of computer networks, delusionally seeking to realize the “peaceful evolution” of China.

诚然，为了称霸世界，二战结束后的美国一向以价值观外交作为主要外交方式，同时把价值观外交中的意识形态因素发挥到极致。为了瓦解苏联，美国之音几乎全天24小时对苏进行广播宣传，同时不断在苏联内部推销美式生活方式、娱乐方式、“民主”方式，全面否定苏联历史、苏共历史和苏联领导人，最后思想搞乱了，生活方式搞乱了，组织瘫痪了，偌大的苏共如树倒猢狲散，最后解体了，美国目的达到了。苏联解体之后，美国为了实现自身全球利益，故伎重演，借助娱乐文化、消费文化、消遣文化等惯用手段对日本和韩国进行意识形态渗透。为了掌控中东，美国打着“民主”“人权”的旗号插手中东事务，持续推动“颜色革命”,使中东、北非地区国家离乱，难民遍地，美国不费吹灰之力轻松控制了中东和北非。为了阻遏中国的崛起，美国一方面与中国接触，企图在接触中实现对中国的改造；另一方面充分发挥美国的资本、技术、信息和媒介优势，企图通过麦当劳的快餐文化、好莱坞的影视文化以及计算机网络的芯片文化，消磨中国人的意志，摧毁中国人的信仰，瓦解中国人的斗志，妄想实现对中国的“和平演变”。

To this day, American-style values, American-style lifestyles, and American-style cognitive perspectives are relatively prominent among some Chinese people, especially young people. Non-mainstream ideologies and behaviors that we once criticized, such as consumerist thought, postmodern lifestyles, historical nihilism, money worship, hedonism, and refined egoism, are now showing signs of resurgence. The moral decline, loss of faith, lack of ideals and convictions, weakening of spiritual will, and weak legal awareness seen in some young people are not unrelated to U.S. ideological infiltration. Entering the New Era, the actions of infiltration and counter-infiltration in the ideological sphere have risen one after another. The direct infiltration methods the U.S. habitually uses against China—vilification, slander, and smearing—have become even more brazen, while new indirect infiltration methods such as concretization, sensationalism, inducement, and academic approaches are pervasive. The U.S. National Endowment for Democracy and intelligence agencies spare no expense to recruit a fifth column, [2]2 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The German Ideology* (1845–1846). disguising their activities under the banners of NGO organizations, green environmental protection groups, volunteer services, poverty alleviation, and gospel preaching, continuously infiltrating from China’s coastal areas to the interior, from cities to rural areas, and from the public intellectual community to youth groups. Under the long-term influence of European and American winds and rains, the situation China faces regarding ideological infiltration and counter-infiltration has become more complex and the tasks more arduous. Since the Biden administration was formed, the U.S. political establishment and public opinion have almost unanimously agreed that China is the greatest threat to its hegemonic path, identifying China as America’s biggest competitor, and launching all-round containment and competition against China, in which ideological infiltration will become even more intense and

时至今日，美式价值观、美式生活观、美式认知观在一些中国人特别是青少年身上体现的比较突出，消费主义思潮、后现代生活方式、历史虚无主义、拜金主义、享乐主义、精致利己主义等曾经被我们批判的非主流思想和行为现在却有抬头的迹象，一些青年身上的道德滑坡、信仰失落、理想信念缺失、精神意志失缺、法治观念淡薄等等，与美国意识形态渗透不无关系。进入新时代，发生在意识形态领域的渗透与反渗透行动此起彼伏，美国对华惯用的丑化、诋毁、抹黑的直接性渗透更加有恃无恐，具象化、炒作性、诱导性、学术性等间接性新渗透手段无孔不入。美国民主基金会、情报部门不惜重金招募第五纵队，为了掩人耳目打着NGO组织、绿色环保组织、志愿服务、扶贫济困和福音传道的旗号不断由我国沿海向内地、由城市向乡村、由公知群体向青少年群体渗透。在欧风美雨的长期影响下，我国面临的意识形态渗透与反渗透的形势更加复杂，任务更加艰巨。拜登政府组建以来，美国朝野上下几乎一致认为中国是其霸权路上的最大威胁，并把中国确定为美国的最大竞争对手，要对中国展开全方位的遏制和竞争，其中意识形态领域的渗透将更趋激烈，也更加隐蔽。

II. New Methods of US Ideological Infiltration into China

二 、美国对华意识形态渗透的新手段

Entering the New Era, as China has implemented a series of strategies and measures to effectively prevent major social risks and earnestly safeguard national security, a China possessing confidence in its path, confidence in its theory, confidence in its system, and confidence in its culture has made it difficult for the original US methods of ideological infiltration into China—such as political isolation, cultural invasion, and accusations regarding human rights—to exert greater deterrence and destructive effects. Consequently, the US has shifted its infiltration methods, presenting them in forms that are more concealed in content, more diverse in form, and more diffuse in approach—namely, concretized infiltration, sensationalized infiltration, induced infiltration, and academic infiltration—in a vain attempt to destroy the Chinese people's cognitive system, value system, and belief system, thereby realizing the "color revolution" envisioned by Americans.

进入新时代，随着中国有效防范重大社会风险切实维护国家安全等一系列策略和措施的落实，一个道路自信、理论自信、制度自信和文化自信的中国使得美国原有的政治孤立、文化侵袭和人权指责等对华意识形态渗透方式很难发挥更大的威慑和破坏作用，于是变换渗透手段，以内容更加隐蔽、形式更加多样、方法更加弥散的具象化渗透、炒作性渗透、诱导性渗透、学术性渗透呈现出来，妄图以此摧毁中国人的认知体系、价值体系和信仰体系，进而实现美国人预想的“颜色革命”。

1. Concretized infiltration is deepening day by day.

1.具象化渗透日渐深入。

Concretized infiltration of ideology refers to "the use of vivid film and television images, concretized commodity objects, differentiated value symbols, and other concretized methods to achieve micro-level infiltration into people's lives. This micro-level infiltration power exerts an influence on the ideological concepts and value judgments of contemporary Chinese youth through visual and three-dimensional concretizations that cannot be ignored." It is well known that the pursuit of novelty and curiosity, along with a preference for sensory experience, is a true portrayal of the lifestyle and individuality of many young people, which provides opportunities and possibilities for the US to carry out concretized ideological infiltration. To turn the possibility of concretized ideological infiltration into reality, infiltrators typically take the implantation of a symbolic system of "American-style values" through "film, television, and consumer culture" as their logical main line, following the path of "inducement—identification—homogenization" to conduct covert infiltration of the targets, thereby influencing and controlling their consciousness and actions, and ultimately conquering or controlling their thoughts. In specific operations: First, they use concretized film and television cultural landscapes to dominate targets and induce their sensory experiences. The "cultural landscape" formed by US film, television, music, and other entertainment carriers, with their strong sensory stimulation and audio-visual performance art, easily evokes the inner desires of young people, causing abnormal needs and unconscious desires to be dominated and stimulated. In the identification with abundant material scenes and sensory pleasure, individual thought is assimilated, collective resistance is weakened, and individual judgment and independence are deprived. Second, they use concretized commodity consumption symbols to dominate ideology. Relatively speaking, US consumer goods generally possess value symbols that are intuitive, concise, eye-catching, and imbued with specific meanings. From "Stars and Stripes hats" to "America's Shield," from KFC fast food to Coca-Cola beverages, from NBA teams to Adidas and Nike sportswear, American-style value symbols are deeply imprinted on everything from commodity packaging to screen advertisements, from promotional brochures to store decorations, while simultaneously catering to and satisfying the youth group's pursuit of individuality and preference for sensory experience. "When a society, according to its own organizational mode, seems increasingly able to satisfy individual needs, the basic critical functions of independent thought, freedom of will, and political opposition are gradually deprived." Third, they use differentiated value symbols to homogenize and manipulate the value system of youth. The US is the founding country of the internet and the main controller of internet root servers. Relying on its advanced internet technology and information advantages, the US sets agendas, creates public opinion, shapes culture, and generates topics, while simultaneously stringing together value fragments such as film, television, and audio culture, consumer culture, and American-style lifestyles into an American-style value system. It manufactures so-called "international discourse power" in the name of "freedom" and "democracy," homogenizing and manipulating the value systems of youth in entertainment, study, and life. Youth are the main user group of cyberspace, and under the lure of the online mimicry landscape, they are easily conquered by American-style differentiated value symbols.

意识形态的具象化渗透是指“以生动化的影视形象、具体化的商品物体和差别化的价值符号等具象化的方式实现对人们生活微观渗透，这种微观渗透力量通过可视化、立体化的具象对中国当代青年的思想观念和价值判断产生不可忽视的影响。”殊不知，追新猎奇、乐于感官体验是许多青年的生活方式和个性化的真实写照，这为美国进行意识形态具象化渗透提供了契机和可能。为了把意识形态具象化渗透由可能变为现实，渗透者通常以“影视和消费文化”植入“美式价值”的符号体系为逻辑主线，按照“诱导—认同—同构”的路径对被渗透对象进行隐蔽性渗透，以此影响并左右被渗透对象的意识和行动，进而征服或控制他们的思想。在具体操作上：一是通过具象化的影视文化景观统摄对象并诱导其感官体验。美国影视音乐等娱乐性载体文化以强烈的感官刺激和声像兼容的表演艺术所形成的“文化景观”很容易诱发青年内心渴望，使得非正常需求和无意识欲望被支配和激发，在丰裕的物质景象和感官愉悦的认同中个体思想被同化，集体反抗性被削弱，个体的判断力和独立性被剥夺。二是通过具象化的商品消费符号支配思想意识。相对而言，美国的消费商品普遍具有直观简洁、醒目亮眼并蕴含特定意蕴的价值符号，从“星条帽子”到“美国之盾”,从“肯德基”快餐到“可口可乐”饮料，从NBA球队到阿迪达斯、耐克运动服饰等，美式价值符号深深签印在从商品包装到荧屏广告、从宣传画册到店铺装饰上，同时契合并满足了个性化追求、乐于感官体验的青年群体。“当一个社会按照它自己的组织方式，似乎越来越能满足个人的需要时，独立思考、意志自由和政治反对权的基本批判功能就逐渐被剥夺。”三是通过差别化的价值符号同构并操控青年的价值体系。美国是互联网的创始国，也是互联网根服务器的主要控制者，美国凭借其发达的互联网技术和信息优势，设置议程、制造舆论、塑造文化、制造话题，同时将影视音频文化、消费文化和美式生活方式等价值碎片串联成美式价值体系，并以“自由”“民主”方式制造所谓的“国际话语权”,同构并操控青年娱乐、学习和生活等价值体系。青年是互联网空间的主要使用群体，在网络拟态景观引诱下很容易被美式差别化的价值符号所征服。

2. Sensationalized infiltration is constantly changing in form.

2.炒作性渗透花样翻新。

“Hype” (炒作) is a commonly used term in communication studies, referring to an unconventional mode of dissemination that, in order to amplify the influence of a person or thing, typically relies on repeated promotion through the media. Hype is like a feigned attack in military affairs, possessing the clever tactic of feigning an attack in the east while striking in the west [1]1 This is a paraphrase of a passage from Marx’s *Grundrisse* (1857–1858), often cited in Chinese Marxist discourse to underscore the decisive role of ideology in historical change.; its purpose is to create a sensational effect around an event or figure, thereby maximizing the achievement of goals or interests. In traditional societies, newspapers, radio, and television media provided platforms for hype; the rise of the internet has fundamentally altered the speed and scope of information hype, producing an unprecedented sensational and amplifying effect. In the information age, as great-power competition intensifies, the struggle and game-playing in the ideological sphere have taken on an increasingly fierce developmental trend. The United States and other Western countries, led by the US, fully leverage their media and discursive advantages to seize the so-called “moral high ground,” opportunistically hyping sudden incidents and hot-button issues in China’s development, engaging in inflammatory reporting, and even going so far as to exaggerate, wantonly smear, and groundlessly fabricate rumors. In this way, they slander, vilify, defame, and attack the Party’s and the state’s political system and operational strategies, creating estrangement and contradictions between the Chinese people and the Party and government, and between China and the world, thereby disrupting China’s internal unity and stability, undermining China

炒作是传播学常用的一个术语，是一种非常规的传播方式，为了扩大人或事物的影响，通常借助媒体进行反复宣传。炒作就像军事上的佯攻，有声东击西的妙术，其目的就是让事件或人物造成轰动效应，进而实现目的或利益的最大化。传统社会中报纸、广播、电视媒介为炒作提供了平台，互联网的兴起彻底改变了信息炒作的速度和范围，呈现出前所未有的轰动和放大效应。在信息社会，随着大国竞争的加剧，意识形态领域的斗争和博弈呈现出愈演愈烈的发展态势。以美国为首的西方国家充分发挥自身的媒介优势、话语优势，强占所谓的“道德制高地”,借机炒作我国发展中的突发性事件、热点问题，进行煽动性报道，甚至不惜添油加醋、肆意抹黑、无端造谣，以此诋毁、丑化、抹黑、攻击党和国家的政治制度和运行策略，在中国人民与党和政府、中国与世界之间制造隔阂和矛盾，以此扰乱中国内部的团结稳定，破坏中国的外部发展环境，进而阻碍中国的发展和进步。这种假以“道德制高地”,无视客观事实，肆意借助媒介炒作突发性事件、热点问题的做法，其用意在于通过编织“话语陷阱”,制造舆情和舆论事件，目的就是生成和夹带包含大量美国意识形态的“私货”冲击和影响我国的主流意识形态教育，同时通过不对称的信息误导、操纵，甚至裹挟我国既有的道德观念、精神信仰和价值体系，在党和人民、中国与世界之间制造观念对立和情感壁垒，以此瓦解并摧毁我们应有的理想信念、精神信仰和道德法律，达到不战而屈人之兵的社会效果。正如毛泽东所言：“凡是要推翻一个政权，总要先造成舆论，总要先做意识形态方面的工作。”近些年来，无论是特朗普政府还是拜登政府，意识形态领域的炒作性渗透更加突出，炒作议题变幻莫测，炒作形式花样翻新。从经济层面的“中国新殖民论”“中国占便宜论”到政治领域的“中国威胁论”“侵害人权论”,从科技方面的“技术威胁论”“盗窃技术论”到军事领域的“中国霸权论”,从公共卫生领域的“中国病毒论”“武汉肺炎论”到社会领域的“新疆强迫劳动论”“雇佣童工论”等，无一不是美国编织的“话语陷阱”,通过这种无中生有的“话语陷阱”进行舆论炒作和舆情围剿，实现同步施压，制造内部对立，破坏中国外部发展环境，最终阻遏中国发展进程。

3. Inductive penetration is deeply concealed.

3.诱导性渗透深藏不露。

Inductive penetration refers to actions that use the transfer of benefits such as money, sexual favors, and aid to the needy to co-opt, corrupt, bribe, and manipulate those who hold power, those who disseminate public opinion, those struggling to make a living, and those who are unaware of the truth. It then uses evidence of these people’s illegal activities to coerce them with both threats and inducements, blackmail them, and lure them into influencing education, misleading public opinion, and gathering crowds to create disturbances in accordance with American wishes, thereby achieving the goal of subverting, splitting, and damaging the target country. Inductive penetration is a low-cost form of threatening penetration. Its purpose is to use the transfer of benefits to lure those who lack ideals and convictions, lack moral spirit, and cannot withstand temptation into acting according to the inducer’s intentions under the so-called “evidence,” a tactical behavior. Marxism holds that insatiable greed for money, power, wealth, and sexual favors is an inherent biological characteristic of humanity. This biological characteristic, ingrained in the bone and impossible to shake off or escape, still largely influences and affects the cognitive direction of humanity before rational humans and human reason are fully awakened. It is precisely by seizing on this inherent biological greed in human nature that the U.S. CIA, the National Endowment for Democracy, and even U.S. members of Congress have joined forces to co-opt, induce, and corrupt specific personnel in our country, attempting to bring down China in

诱导性渗透是指通过金钱、美色、扶危济困等利益输送方式拉拢、腐蚀、贿赂、操控权力掌控者、舆论传播者、生计困难者以及不明真相者的行动，然后利用这些人的违法证据对其进行威逼利诱、威胁敲诈，引诱他们按照美国意愿影响教育、误导舆论、聚众闹事，进而达到颠覆、分裂和破坏对象国的活动。诱导性渗透是一种成本较低的威胁性渗透行为，其目的就在于通过利益输送的方式引诱那些理想信念缺失、道德精神缺乏且经不起诱惑的人，在所谓的“证据”下按照引诱者意图行事的战术性行为。马克思主义认为，对金钱、权力、财富和美色的贪得无厌是人类固有的生物学特性，这种生就在骨子里甩不掉躲不开的生物学特性在理智的人类和人类的理智彻底觉醒前，很大程度上还在左右和影响人类的认知走向。正是抓住了人性中固有的生物学贪婪特性，美国的中情局也好，民主基金会也罢，甚至连美国国会议员也一同上阵，拉拢、诱导和腐蚀我国的特定人员，妄图在意识形态领域搞垮中国。2021年4月经中央电视台曝光的新疆维吾尔自治区原教育厅长沙塔尔·沙吾提、副厅长阿力木江·买买提在美国情报部门的拉拢、腐蚀和诱导下，篡改和操控新疆维吾尔语编写的中小学教材长达13年，这些教材中充满血腥、暴力、恐怖、分裂思想，甚至用所谓“东突厥斯坦共和国”国徽取代中华人民共和国国徽，而且虚构了7个维吾尔族姑娘被汉族士兵逼迫跳下悬崖的故事等。可以说很长一段时间新疆暴力恐怖活动频发，恐怖势力和分裂势力勾结，使得新疆安全出现了严重的问题，这些与美国的诱导性渗透不无关系。在党中央的科学决策和精心治理下，新疆暴力恐怖行为得到了抑制，社会呈现平稳有序发展之势。无独有偶，2018年以来，一向繁荣稳定的香港地区因“修例风波”出现了严重骚乱，究其原因很大程度上与以美国为首的西方国家长期诱导性渗透不无关系。美国驻港领事馆、美国民主基金会、美国国会等机构为了搞乱香港，长期为“港独”势力提供资金支持，不断指挥、诱导、拉拢香港青年和教育界人士，在香港中小学甚至大学教材上大做文章，用“港史差异性”取代“国家一体性”,不断制造香港与中央的矛盾。长期诱导下，香港青年的国家意识缺失，“港独”意识抬头，而且这股歪风不时与“台独”逆流同流合污，其目的就是破坏国家的统一，扰乱中国民族伟大复兴的步伐。

4. Academic-style infiltration is protean in its forms.

4.学术性渗透变化多端。

Academic infiltration refers to a mode of infiltration that, under the guise of “academic exchange,” or through academic packaging, data manipulation, promotion of theoretical applications, and construction of “index traps” that posit “the West is superior to China,” replaces and reshapes the cognitive system of the target. Compared with concrete infiltration, sensationalist infiltration, and inducement infiltration, academic infiltration is more covert and has the most thorough and profound impact on ideology; it seeks to overturn the target’s cognitive system, affecting worldview and values. Regarding this act of academic infiltration, the British writer Saunders argues: “If we define the Cold War as a war of ideas, then this war possesses a vast cultural arsenal, whose weapons are publications, books, conferences, seminars, art exhibitions, concerts, awards, and so on.” “The tentacles of the US intelligence agencies reach extremely widely, placing intellectuals and their work like chess pieces on various positions on the board, extending into all kinds of cultural undertakings.” Indeed, for a period of time, when actively developing international people-to-people and cultural exchanges, China, due to excessive emphasis on learning from and borrowing the advanced education and technology of developed countries, neglected the defense of ideological security within these exchanges. This allowed theories and ideas附带 with the “index traps” of the Western value system to easily enter China’s school education system, a situation particularly severe in the higher education system. To facilitate explanation, we borrow Xu Jialu’s theory of cultural stratification for illustration. Xu Jialu holds that culture is divided into surface, middle, and deep layers. Surface-layer culture is culture embodied in material forms surrounding clothing, food, housing, and transportation, including entertainment, film and television works, popular music, fashion, McDonald’s, Coca-Cola, and jeans. Middle-layer culture is culture embodied in customs, rituals, institutions, law, religion, and art. Deep-layer culture is culture embodied in worldview, outlook on life, values, and aesthetic views. Among these three layers of cultural infiltration, the deepest influence comes from the deep layer. It is no wonder that, in order to completely change the cognitive system of the Chinese people, US intelligence agencies, exploiting the problems of “ideological suspension” and “faith vacuum” among Chinese youth and intellectuals since reform and opening up, have vigorously promoted the establishment of research institutions in Chinese universities that disseminate American-style theories, marketed American-style books and teaching materials, systematically invited influential personnel from China’s Party, government, propaganda, culture, and education departments to the US for exchanges, and simultaneously used the academic exchanges, academic conferences, and club activities that Chinese universities are keen on to disseminate American-style academic viewpoints, constructing “index traps” that posit “the West is superior to China,” in an attempt to replace and transform China’s academic system and discourse system with the US academic system and discourse system. In some universities, especially in disciplines such as economics, management, sociology, law, and communication studies, the textbook systems and discourse systems are almost entirely copies and reprints of American-style theories. In some academic conferences and classroom teachings, China’s theories, path, institutions, and culture are openly questioned, causing extremely bad social impacts and seriously threatening China’s ideological security and social development.

学术性渗透是指打着“学术交流”的幌子，或者通过学术包装、操弄数据、推广理论应用、构造“西方优于中国”发展“指数陷阱”等方式置换和重塑目标对象的认知体系的渗透方式。相对于具象化渗透、炒作性渗透和诱导性渗透，学术性渗透更加隐蔽，对意识形态的影响也最为彻底和深刻，它要颠覆目标对象的认知体系，影响的是世界观和价值观。针对学术性渗透这一行为，英国作家桑德斯认为，“如果我们把冷战界定为思想战，那么这场战争就具有一个庞大的文化武器库，所藏的武器是刊物、图书、会议、研讨会、美术展览、音乐会、受奖等等。”“美国间谍机构的触角触及的范围极广，把知识分子和他们的工作当作一盘棋赛中的棋子摆放在棋盘的各个位置，伸展到各种文化事业之中。”诚然，一个时期以来，我国在积极发展对外人文交流的时候，由于过度重视国外发达的教育和技术的学习和借鉴，却忽视了人文交流中意识形态安全的防范，使得附带西方价值体系“指数陷阱”的理论与思想便轻松自如地进入中国的学校教育体系，这种情况在高校教育系统尤其严重。为了便于说明问题，我们借用许嘉璐的文化分层理论加以证明。许嘉璐认为文化分为表层、中层和底层文化。表层文化是围绕衣食住行包括娱乐、影视作品、流行音乐、时尚服装、麦当劳、可口可乐、牛仔裤等物质形态体现的文化；中层文化是以风俗、礼仪、制度、法律、宗教和艺术体现的文化；底层文化则是世界观、人生观、价值观、审美观等体现的文化。这三层文化渗透中影响最深的是底层文化。这也难怪，为了彻底改变中国人的认知体系，美国情报部门利用中国改革开放以来青年及知识分子出现的“意识形态悬浮”“信仰真空”问题，大力在中国高校推动建立传播美式理论的研究机构，推销美式图书教材，有计划邀请中国党政、宣传、文教等部门中有影响力的人员赴美交流，同时利用中国高校热衷的学术交流、学术会议以及社团活动，传播美式学理观，构建“西方优于中国”的指数陷阱，妄图用美国的学术体系、话语体系取代和改造中国的学术体系和话语体系。一些高校尤其是经济学、管理学、社会学、法学、传播学学科领域的教材体系、话语体系几乎是清一色的美式理论的翻版和再版，有些学术会议、课堂教学上公开质疑中国的理论、道路、制度和文化，造成了极其恶劣的社会影响，严重威胁中我国的意识形态安全和社会发展。

III. The Harm of the New Means of US Ideological Infiltration into China

三、 美国对华意识形态渗透新手段的危害

The new means of US ideological infiltration into China, from content to method, have an extremely enormous and profound impact, influence, destructive power, and harm on China’s mainstream ideological education, citizens’ political discernment, national cohesion, and national political security and social stability.

美国对华意识形态渗透从内容到方法的新手段，对于中国主流意识形态教育、公民政治鉴别力、民族凝聚力以及国家政治安全和社会稳定带来的冲击力、影响力、破坏力、危害力极其巨大而深远。

1. Concrete infiltration diminishes the educational efficacy of core socialist values.

1.具象化渗透消减社会主义核心价值观教育功效。

Marx points out, “Consciousness can never be anything else than conscious existence, and the existence of men is their actual life-process.” [n2] In other words, no ideological activity is a purely conceptual, abstract movement in itself; it can only and necessarily be a reflection of people’s perceptual activities, especially their daily life activities. Based on this logic, in order to exert the penetrating effect of ideology, the US, through its developed media technology, relatively mature discourse system, relatively advanced academic theories, and three-dimensional and visual marketing methods, implants cultural products, lifestyles, and consumption forms laden with the US knowledge system, value system, and belief system into China-US exchanges, interactions, and transactions. Through the perceptual and concrete infiltration of daily life fields, it impacts or diminishes the efficacy of China’s core socialist values education. Indeed, core socialist values are the mainstream ideology of China in the New Era, the concentrated expression of the contemporary Chinese spirit, the common value pursuit of all Chinese people, and the basic value guide for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. That ideology imprinted with the US cognitive system, value system, and belief system, because it carries cultural symbols of pastime, entertainment, and sensory experience, once it enters the field of daily life, easily attracts or induces people’s psychology of seeking novelty and curiosity, readily squeezes the space for core socialist values education, and offsets the efficacy of core socialist values education. Looking around at present, under the infiltration and influence of European and American trends, the popularity of Hollywood blockbusters and time-travel dramas, the hot sales of McDonald’s fast-food culture, the favor enjoyed by Adidas, Nike, and even the NBA, the pursuit of capital and power, the prevalence of refined egoism, the generalization of involution and lying flat, the addiction to mobile phones and games, the neglect of emotions and ideals, and the suspension of spirit and faith—all reflect the shadow of US ideological infiltration. This situation is particularly severe among youth groups. In recent years, from the central government down to schools, great importance has been attached to education on core socialist values and to fostering virtue and nurturing people among youth and even the whole society, and significant results have been achieved. However, compared with formal school education, those sensory stimuli and experiences hidden in daily life, the pursuit of personalized fashion trends, and virtual online interpersonal communication platforms are more likely to arouse their interest. If this ideology laden with sensory stimuli and experiential activities is allowed to dominate, then mainstream ideological education with core socialist values as its main content will undoubtedly face severe challenges.

马克思指出，“意识在任何时候都只能是被意识到了的存在，而人们的存在就是他们的生活过程。”换言之，任何一种意识形态活动都不是纯观念的抽象的自在运动，只能而且必然是人们感性活动特别是日常生活活动的反映。基于这样的逻辑，为了发挥意识形态的渗透效应，美国通过其发达的媒介技术、较成熟的话语体系、较先进的学术理论以及立体化与可视化的营销方式，将那些负载美国知识体系、价值体系和信仰体系的文化产品、生活方式、消费形式植入中美交流、交往和交互活动中，并通过日常生活领域的感性化、具象化渗透，冲击或消减中国社会主义核心价值观教育的功效。诚然，社会主义核心价值观是新时代中国的主流意识形态，是当代中国精神的集中体现，是全体中国人民的共同价值追求，是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本价值遵循。那种印刻美国认知体系、价值体系和信仰体系的意识形态由于负载消遣、娱乐和感官体验的文化符号，一旦进入日常生活领域，很容易吸引或诱导人们求新猎奇的心理，极易挤压社会主义核心价值观教育的空间，抵消社会主义核心价值观教育的功效。放眼当下，在欧风美雨的浸润和渗透下，好莱坞大片、穿越剧热播，麦当劳快餐文化热销，阿迪达斯、耐克甚至NBA受宠，资本与权力追逐，精致利己盛行，内卷与躺平泛化，手机与游戏痴迷，情感与理想旁落，精神与信仰悬空等，无不反映出美国意识形态渗透的影子，这种情形在青少年群体中尤其严重。近些年来，上至中央下到学校都高度重视社会主义核心价值观教育，重视青少年乃至全社会的立德树人教育，而且产生了很大的功效。但是相对于正规的学校教育而言，那种潜藏在日常生活中的感官刺激和体验、追求个性化的时尚潮流、以及虚拟化的网络人际交往平台更容易使他们产生兴趣。如果任凭这一负载感性刺激和体验活动的意识形态所主导，那么，以社会主义核心价值观为主要内容的主流意识形态教育无疑面临严峻的挑战。

2. Sensationalist infiltration affects citizens’ political discernment.

2.炒作性渗透影响公民的政治鉴别力。

“Political discernment is the ability of an individual, a political party, or an organization to always stand from a political standpoint and at a political height to observe, foresee, distinguish, analyze, and judge various domestic and international social phenomena, events, relations, and situations; it is the comprehensive embodiment of the political direction, political stance, political experience, and political behavior of an individual or a party organization.” Political discernment concerns a person’s political stance, behavior, and direction. Those who lack political discernment or have blurred political discernment may, at the mild end, reduce their political sensitivity, blur their political recognition, easily lose their way, and hinder personal development; at the severe end, they may mislead political judgment and political execution, harming the interests of the nation and the people. In order to damage China’s international image, disrupt China’s development pace, influence international public opinion, and mislead the political stance and judgment of Chinese citizens, the United States often hypes up China-related topics in the international public opinion arena under the guise of so-called “freedom,” “democracy,” and “human rights.” Examples

“政治鉴别力，是一个人、一个政党或一个组织始终站在政治立场和政治高度对国内外各种社会现象、事件、关系及形势等问题上的洞察、预见、甄别、分析和判断的能力，是个人、政党组织的政治方向、政治立场、政治经验和政治行为的综合体现。”政治鉴别力关乎人的政治立场、行为和方向问题，缺乏政治鉴别力或者政治鉴别力模糊的人，轻者降低政治敏锐性，模糊政治识别力，容易迷失方向阻碍个人发展；重者误导政治判断力和政治执行力，损害国家和民族利益。美国为了毁损中国国际形象，扰乱中国发展步伐，影响国际舆论，误导中国公民政治立场和判断，常常打着所谓“自由”“民主”“人权”的幌子在国际舆论场上炒作中国话题，类似的“中国病毒”“武汉肺炎”“新疆黑棉花”“中国威胁论”“中国新殖民论”等等。为了炒热产生轰动效应，往往采取移花接木、时空穿越、技术拼装等现代技术摆出所谓的证据链条，混淆国际视听，抹黑、丑化、攻击中国共产党和政府，给中国发展和中国形象的塑造造成了很大负面影响。这种基于美国技术优势和话语优势强势植入国际舆论场域，而且有着很大的隐蔽性传播效应的炒作性渗透，很容易在舆论群体极化下产生效用，长时间的传播和炒作会从根基上触及我国公民的政治立场和政治认同。以至于有学者指出，我国舆论场上出现的一些超乎寻常的现象是：一些党员干部对于网上舆论偏听偏信，政治视线模糊；一些学者和公知一味迷信美式“普世”情怀，不遗余力地为特定倾向的舆论站台；一些干部群众在美式舆论裹挟下应声附和、随风起舞；还有一些别有用心之人为了自身政治利益或发展资本竟然“呲必中国”,成为美国舆论的“追随者”和“发言人”。这种没有政治原则、缺失政治立场和底线的人无论对于国家发展还是民族尊严的维护都是有百害而无一利的，必须引起高度警惕。

3. Induced infiltration endangers China’s political security.

3.诱导性渗透危及我国政治安全。

Political security is a condition in which a country’s sovereignty, territory, political power, ideology, etc., are not threatened, free from incidents, and in a stable and secure state; it is the core and guarantee of overall national security. Only with political security can the security of the economy, culture, military, etc., be ensured; conversely, if politics is insecure, it is difficult to guarantee economic, cultural, or military security. In this sense, political security has a decisive impact on overall national security. Driven precisely by this concept, after the end of the Cold War, the United States has never relaxed its infiltration and erosion of China’s political security. If before the financial crisis the United States attempted to incorporate China into the capitalist system under US leadership through contact-based economic and trade exchanges, cultural and people-to-people exchanges, etc., gradually inducing political change in China, then after the financial crisis the United States has grown increasingly anxious and fearful about China’s development momentum. To bring about political change in China, the US has mobilized top-down linkages and multiple measures at home, attempting through induced infiltration to divide and disintegrate China internally, ultimately

政治安全是一个国家主权、领土、政权、意识形态等不受威胁、不出事故、处于稳定安全的状态，是国家总体安全的核心和保证。只有政治安全，才能保证经济、文化、军事等的安全；反之如果政治不安全，经济、文化、军事安全都难以保障。从这个意义上讲，政治安全对于国家总体安全具有决定性的影响。正是基于这一理念的驱使，冷战结束后，美国一刻也没有放松对中国政治安全的渗透和蚕食。如果说金融危机之前美国是以接触式的经贸往来、人文交流等方式试图把中国纳入美国领导下的资本主义体系，使中国渐趋发生政治上的变化，那么，金融危机之后的美国则对中国发展势头渐趋焦虑和惶恐。为了使中国发生政治上变化，美国国内上下联动，多措并举，企图通过诱导性渗透对中国内部进行分化、瓦解，最终导致中国社会动荡和政治安全受阻。近些年来，美国诱导达赖喇嘛等“藏独”势力在国际舆论场域频繁抹黑中国共产党党和中国政府形象，暗中支助“疆独”头目热比娅在新疆搞暴恐活动，诱使“台独”势力大搞“以疫谋独”行动，暗中支助“港独”势力借“香港修例风波”发动颜色革命。同时通过利益输送手段诱导政府人员、网络公知、科教人员及留学生窃取国家情报和机密文件；借助国内的突发事件和热点问题肆意歪曲、制造假象，混淆视听；借助互联网制造国际舆论，抹黑、丑化、攻击党和政府，攻击我国的政治制度和发展道路；借助突发事件和热点问题制造社会动荡和群体性事件。发生在台湾的“太阳花学运”、香港的“占中乱港”事件等无不与美国的诱导性渗透相关联。正如美国政治家亨廷顿所言：“对一个传统社会的稳定构成主要威胁的，并非来自外国军队的侵略，而是来自外念的侵入，印刷品比军队和坦克推进得更快、更深。”[14]现在回头仔细审视，近几年因“修例风波”发生的“占中乱港”事件，一些涉世未深的青少年也参与其中制造混乱，形象地验证了亨廷顿的话语，英美式印刷品无疑发挥了作用。同样，新疆长达13年毒教材在中小学的渗透所产生的极端暴恐事件，也是最充分的证明，其影响极坏，直接危及到国家政治安全。

4. Academic penetration subverts the system of social cognition, the system of values, and the system of beliefs.

4.学术性渗透颠覆社会认知体系、价值体系和信仰体系。

Xi Jinping has stressed that “if we do not occupy the positions of propaganda and ideological work, others will.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work” (August 19, 2013). A country’s system of cognition, system of values, and system of beliefs are the core of that country’s ideology, and also the theoretical foundation and root of that country’s thought and consciousness, ideals and convictions, spiritual faith, and morality and law. If the system of cognition falls into chaos, the system of values collapses, and the system of beliefs is lost, then that country will have its bloodline severed and lose its vitality and momentum. In this sense, the system of cognition, the system of values, and the system of beliefs play a decisive role in national independence and the establishment of national consciousness. Reflecting on the lessons of the Soviet Union’s Party collapse and state dissolution, a very important reason was that, under long-term American academic penetration, the cognition of the federal government collapsed among the various republics within the Soviet Union, the Party’s core value system was thrown into disorder, and the system of Marxist or communist ideals and beliefs was reduced to nothing, ultimately leading to the sudden disintegration of a vast country in an instant. Today, the United States wants to repeat the same old trick, trying to deal with China using the methods it used against the Soviet Union, engaging in large-scale academic penetration. U.S. intelligence agencies, academic groups, or the academic figures cultivated by these departments, under the guise of academic conferences and academic exchanges, and under the pretext of “academic evaluation,” mold the American standard into an international standard, aggressively peddling American theories, American discourse, American institutions, the American model, and American beliefs to China. Some domestic government officials, public intellectuals, university teachers, and overseas students, under the influence and edification of American public opinion, education, and American lifestyle, worship the “American standard,” enthusiastically assist it, and vigorously propagate and practice it, to the point that for a period of time, the “American standard” ran rampant in Chinese universities and Chinese society; the textbook system, teaching methods, and operational mechanisms of schools became increasingly Americanized; and social cognition, value orientation, and beliefs became increasingly utilitarian and secularized. American development concepts, operational mechanisms, social construction, and even holiday activities became objects for some people to emulate. If we follow the logical trajectory of American ideological penetration, long-term academic penetration will inevitably cause Chinese youth, Chinese education, and Chinese society to identify with the “American standard,” deviating from Chinese theories, Chinese institutions, the Chinese path, and Chinese culture. If this is allowed to develop, it will inevitably cause the Chinese social system of cognition to deviate, the system of values to fall into chaos, and the system of beliefs to be lost, further weakening the centripetal force, cohesion, mobilization capacity, and combat effectiveness of the entire society. Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future; the experience and lessons of the Soviet Union’s Party collapse and state dissolution are extremely profound, and we should be highly vigilant.

习近平强调，“宣传思想阵地，我们不去占领，人家就会去占领。”一个国家的认知体系、价值体系和信仰体系是该国的意识形态的核心，也是该国思想意识、理想信念、精神信仰、道德法律的理论基础和根基。如果认知体系出现混乱、价值体系坍塌、信仰体系失却，那么这个国家就会断了血脉，丧失生机和动力。从这个意义上讲，认知体系、价值体系和信仰体系对于民族独立和国家意识确立发挥着举足轻重的作用。反思苏联亡党亡国的经验教训，一个非常重要的原因是在美国长期的学术渗透下，苏联内部各加盟共和国对联邦政府的认知坍塌，党的核心价值体系被搞乱，马克思主义或共产主义理想信仰体系被虚无，最终导致偌大的国家顷刻之间土崩瓦解。如今美国又想故伎重演，试图用对付苏联的办法对付中国，大搞学术性渗透。美国情报部门、学术团体抑或是这些部门培植的学术人士借助学术会议、学术交流的名义，打着“学术评价”的幌子，把美式标准塑造成国际标准，向中国大肆推销美国理论、美国话语、美国制度、美国模式和美国信仰，国内一些政府要员、社会公知、高校教师以及留学生在美国舆论、教育和美式生活方式的熏陶和影响下，对“美国标准”顶礼膜拜，倾情相助，大肆宣扬和实践，以至于一个时期以来，中国高校、中国社会“美国标准”大行其道，学校教材体系、教学方式和运行机制越来越美国化，社会认知、价值取向和信仰越来越功利化、世俗化，美国的发展理念、运行机制、社会建设甚至假日活动成为一些人争相效仿的对象。如果沿着美国意识形态渗透的逻辑轨迹方向来看，长时期的学术渗透必然使中国青年、中国教育、中国社会认同“美国标准”,偏离中国理论、中国制度、中国道路和中国文化。如果任其发展，必然使中国社会认知体系偏离、价值体系混乱、信仰体系旁落，整个社会的向心力、凝聚力、动员力和战斗力会进一步削弱。前事不忘后事之师，苏联亡党亡国的经验和教训极为深刻，应该高度警惕。

IV. China’s strategic choices in responding to the new means of U.S. ideological penetration against China

四、中国应对美国对华意识形态渗透新手段的策略选择

Xi Jinping has pointed out, “Whether ideological work can be done well concerns the future and destiny of the Party, concerns the long-term stability and security of the country, and concerns the cohesion and centripetal force of the nation.” [1]1 This is a paraphrase of a passage from Marx’s *Grundrisse* (1857–1858), often cited in Chinese Marxist discourse to underscore the decisive role of ideology in historical change. In view of the force exerted by the United States’ aggressive new means of ideological infiltration, and the challenges and harms this poses to China’s ideological security, China can only maintain its resolve and respond calmly. It is necessary to fully expose the truth and essence of US ideological infiltration, as well as the threat it poses to world peace; to clearly and unequivocally uphold the guiding role of Marxist ideology; to solidly advance the perceptual dissemination of China’s mainstream ideology; to tell China’s story well and spread China’s voice well; to give full play to the power and efficacy of the rule of law; to attach importance to and strengthen the construction of a philosophical and social science system with Chinese characteristics; to actively set the agenda to guide the direction of international public opinion; and to construct a response strategy for safeguarding China’s ideological security.

习近平指出，“能否做好意识形态工作，事关党的前途命运，事关国家长治久安，事关民族凝聚力和向心力。”鉴于美国咄咄逼人的意识形态渗透新手段的发力，以及由此给我国意识形态安全带来的挑战与危害，中国唯有保持定力，沉着应对。要充分揭露美国意识形态渗透的真相与实质，以及由此给世界和平带来的威胁，要旗帜鲜明地坚持马克思主义意识形态的指导地位，扎实推进中国主流意识形态的感性形态传播，讲好中国故事，传播好中国声音，充分发挥法治力量和法治效能，重视和加强中国特色哲学社会科学体系建设，主动设置议程引领国际舆论走向，构建起维护我国意识形态安全的应对策略。

1. Advancing the perceptual dissemination of China’s mainstream ideology is a key measure for responding to concretized infiltration.

1.推进中国主流意识形态感性形态传播是应对具象化渗透的关键措施。

The fundamental strategy of concretized ideological infiltration is to falsely satisfy people’s perceptual activity needs. “Simultaneously establishing and breaking down” is the basic requirement of China’s ideological work in the New Era. [2]2 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, *The German Ideology* (1845–1846). To this end, in the face of the impact and challenges that the concretized infiltration of US ideology—through visual cultural products and consumer goods symbolized with values—poses to the education of China’s core socialist values, it is necessary, on the one hand, to “break down” the harmfulness of US concretized ideological products and goods, profoundly revealing the ideological characteristics carried by such concretized cultural products and consumer goods, and criticizing the products and goods concealed under their “cultural spectacle.” Although they attract consumers’ “favor” with sensory stimulation and vivid forms, the “value symbols” touted on these products and goods present a diffuse, ubiquitous, planar infiltration. This planar infiltration appears novel, fashionable, and pleasurable, like the fleeting thrill and stimulation of smoking opium, but in reality it is bodily harm and the deprivation of thought and spirit; prolonged use and consumption will inevitably lead to alienation by these concretized products or goods, leaving one unable to be oneself. The so-called “three-piece culture” [3]3 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work” (August 19, 2013). of KFC potato chips, Hollywood blockbusters, and computer chips, which currently carry the American “cultural spectacle,” has a profound impact on the values of young people and must be taken seriously. On the other hand, it is necessary to “establish” the perceptual form of China’s mainstream consciousness. Mainstream ideology is not a doctrine confined to the study; for mainstream ideology to gain people’s acceptance and identification, it must transform from abstract textual indoctrination into concretized emotional identification, paying attention to the audience’s social life, psychological demands, and the orientation of the times. Especially in the current era of accelerated change and rapid information technology development, the audience’s information contact, ideological behavior, and social interaction are increasingly developing in the direction of concretization, virtualization, and perceptualization. The previous method of ideological dissemination, mainly based on theoretical indoctrination, finds it difficult to function. Therefore, adapting to the changes of the times, strengthening the construction and dissemination of the perceptual form of China’s mainstream ideology is particularly important and urgent. The main measures include: first, advancing the construction of the perceptual form of China’s mainstream ideology, making the Party’s and the state’s lines, principles, policies, systems, and measures more intuitive, vivid, and concrete—for example, using methods like “understanding the government work report in one picture” to let the audience grasp its main points at a glance; second, carefully designing and promoting cultural products and consumer goods that embody the core meaning of China’s mainstream ideology, using “cultural spectacles” such as “A Bite of China,” “Kung Fu Panda,” and “Hero Pens” to shape the behavior and values of the audience; third, attaching importance to the mass dissemination of the perceptual form of Marxist theory, emphasizing innovation in media platforms and discourse methods, and guiding the audience to establish a healthy, scientific perceptual view of life—these are key measures for safeguarding the security of China’s mainstream ideology.

意识形态具象化渗透的根本策略就是虚假地满足人们的感性活动需要。“立破并举”是新时代我国意识形态工作的基本要求。为此，面对美国以可视化的文化产品和以价值符号化的消费商品等意识形态具象化渗透给我国社会主义核心价值观教育带来的冲击和影响，一方面要“破”美国意识形态具象化产品和商品的危害性，深刻揭示这种具象化文化产品和消费商品所负载的意识形态特性，批判其“文化景观”掩盖下的产品和商品，虽然是以感官刺激和生动的形式吸引消费者的“青睐”,但在产品和商品上标榜的“价值符号”所呈现的是一种弥散化、泛在式的面状渗透，这种面状渗透看似新奇、时尚并给人愉悦，似乎像吸食鸦片一样难得的一时快感和刺激，实则是身体的被伤害和思想精神的被剥夺，长时期的使用和消费必然会被这种具象化的产品或商品异化而不能自我。时下带有美国“文化景观”的肯德基薯片、好莱坞大片和计算机芯片所俗称的“三片文化”对于青少年的价值观影响至深，不得不引起高度重视。另一方面要“立”我国的主流意识的感性形态。主流意识形态不是书斋里的学问，主流意识形态要获得人们的接纳和认同，必须由抽象的文字灌输转变为具象化的情感认同，要关注受众的社会生活、心理诉求和时代取向。特别是在这个时代加快变迁和信息技术飞速发展的当下，受众的信息接触、思想行为和社会交往愈发朝着具象化、虚拟化和感性化等方向发展，先前那种理论灌输为主的意识形态传播方式很难发挥作用。为此适应时代的变化，加强我国主流意识形态的感性形态建设和传播显得尤为重要和紧迫。其主要措施有：一是推进我国主流意识形态感性形态建设，使党和国家的路线、方针、政策、制度和措施更加直观、形象和具体，类似的用“一图读懂政府报告”等直观可感的方式让受众一眼就能明白其主旨；二是精心设计并推广体现我国主流意识形态核心意涵的文化产品和消费商品，用“舌尖上的中国”“功夫熊猫”“英雄钢笔”等“文化景观”塑造受众群体的行为和价值；三是重视马克思主义理论感性形态的大众传播，重视媒介平台和话语方式的创新，引导受众群体确立健康、科学的感性生活观，是维护我国主流意识形态安全的关键措施。

2. Telling China’s story well and spreading China’s voice well are important measures for managing hype-based infiltration.

2.讲好中国故事传播好中国声音是治理炒作性渗透的重要举措。

The US hype-based ideological infiltration into China is essentially a struggle with China for international discourse power

美国对华意识形态的炒作性渗透，实际上就是与中国争夺国际话语权。面对“西强东弱”的舆论格局和“失语就要挨骂”的国际舆论环境，任何意义上的忍让和退缩不仅不能使对方减少抹黑和污蔑的频率，反而会在“众口铄金”的舆论声浪中迷失方向。为此，应对美国对华意识形态的炒作性渗透，中国不仅要在战略上充分重视，而且更要在战术上丢掉幻想，做好斗争的准备。“丢掉幻想，准备斗争”,是1948年8月毛泽东为回应杜鲁门政府支持蒋介石打内战失败后为开脱责任发表的中美关系“白皮书”而撰写的新华社评论。在这个评论中，毛泽东明确揭示了帝国主义和一切反动派对待人民事业的逻辑和人民的逻辑。毛泽东指出：“捣乱，失败，再捣乱，再失败，直至灭亡——这就是帝国主义和世界上一切反动派对待人民事业的逻辑，他们绝不会违背这个逻辑的。”“斗争、失败，再斗争，再失败，再斗争，直至胜利——这就是人民的逻辑，他们也是绝不会违背这个逻辑的。”毛泽东在关于帝国主义和一切反动派对待人民事业的逻辑和人民逻辑的论述中，深刻揭示了帝国主义和一切反动派的本性，说明帝国主义和反动派是捣乱成性的，人民群众只有丢掉幻想并与之进行坚决的斗争，才有出路。同样，面对美国对华咄咄逼人的意识形态炒作性渗透，我们只有理直气壮地发出“中国声音”,针锋相对地同抹黑、唱衰、污蔑中国的言论进行斗争，用铁一般的事实让谎言不攻自破。同时，要“讲好中国故事”,要善于利用互联网以积极主动的姿态设置好议题，讲好中国革命、建设和改革开放故事；讲好中国传统文化、革命文化和社会主义先进文化故事；讲好中华民族历经屈辱、久经磨难从“东亚病夫”到站起来、富起来并迎来了强起来的故事；讲好中国共产党不忘初心、牢记使命、砥砺前行，苦难中创造辉煌的故事；讲好“一带一路”“人类命运共同体”理念到实践的故事等，让中国好声音、中国实践生动起来，形象起来，不断增强中国意识形态的说服力，提升中国梦的世界影响力。

3. Giving play to the effectiveness and force of the rule of law is the fundamental guarantee for cracking down on inducement-based infiltration.

3.发挥法治效能和法治力量是破解诱导性渗透的根本保障。

Ideological induced infiltration is the act of misleading, deceiving, and unlawfully harming a target country’s ideological sphere through illegal means such as co-opting, corrupting, or cultivating agents, and even undermining the target country’s ideological security by creating false impressions. Ideological induced infiltration is highly deceptive and destructive, posing a serious threat to the security system of the infiltrated country. As the saying goes, law is a sharp instrument for governing the country and also an important means of safeguarding ideological security. In China, which is undergoing major social transformation and restructuring, effectively maintaining ideological security urgently requires leveraging the efficacy and power of the rule of law to realize the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The efficacy and power of the rule of law can not only enhance the legitimacy of ideological security governance but also strengthen its effectiveness. Some scholars argue that “professionalized, functionalized legal punishment is a more sensitive, refined, circuitous, covert, and labor-saving use of power.” [4]4 The original Chinese text cites a scholar’s view on legal punishment; the specific source is not provided in the original. In a transforming China, challenges from the ideological sphere are inevitable and extremely complex; the efficacy and power of the rule of law represent a more refined and efficient means of social governance and a fundamental path to enhancing the legitimacy and effectiveness of ideological security governance. Legal means can not only delineate boundaries for ideological security, clarifying the rights and obligations of citizens and organizations, but also effectively deter the clamor and inducement activities of foreign anti-China forces in the ideological sphere, ensuring that the maintenance of ideological security has legal basis. In recent years, with the accelerating pace of China’s legislative process, significant breakthroughs have been made in the legal construction of the ideological security field. The successive enactment of laws such as the Anti-Secession Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Heroes and Martyrs, and the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has effectively deterred the induced infiltration activities of foreign anti-China forces, domestic separatist forces, and extremist forces. However, because the relevant laws are still not fully refined, systematic, or coherent in their articulation, the aforementioned forces attempt to exploit legal loopholes and gaps, changing their tactics to carry out induced infiltration. To this end, on the one hand, the state should refine and optimize existing legal provisions to facilitate their implementation and application; on the other hand, the state should promptly introduce new laws such as an “Anti-Infiltration Law” and an “Ideological Security Law” to plug legal loopholes in the ideological security field and construct a relatively systematic and mature legal system for maintaining ideological security. This is the fundamental guarantee for cracking down on ideological induced infiltration and effectively safeguarding China’s ideological security.

意识形态的诱导性渗透是通过拉拢、腐蚀或培植代理人等非法手段对对象国进行意识形态领域的误导、蛊惑和不法侵害，甚至通过制造假象破坏对象国的意识形态安全的行为。意识形态诱导性渗透极具迷惑性和破坏性，严重威胁着被渗透国家的安全体系。有道是，法律是治国之利器，也是维护意识形态安全的重要手段。身处社会大变革大转型中的中国，有效维护意识形态安全亟需发挥法治效能和法治力量，实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的转型。法治效能和法治力量不仅能够提升意识形态安全治理的合法性，而且也能够增强意识形态治理的有效性。有学者认为，“专业化、职能化的法律惩罚是一种权力更为灵敏、精巧、迂回、隐蔽和省力的运用。”在转型中的中国，来自意识形态领域的挑战必不可少，而且极为复杂，法治效能和法治力量是一种更为精巧而高效的社会治理手段，也是提升意识形态安全治理合法性与有效性的基本途径。法治化手段不仅可以为意识形态安全划定边界，明确公民和组织的权利和义务；而且还可以有效震慑国外反华势力在意识形态领域的鼓噪和诱导行为，让意识形态安全的维护有法可依。近些年来，随着中国立法进程的不断加快，意识形态安全领域的法治化建设取得了重大突破，《中华人民共和国反分裂国家法》《中华人民共和国网络安全法》《中华人民共和国英雄烈士保护法》《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区国家安全法》等法律的相继出台，有力地震慑了国外反华势力、国内分裂势力和极端势力等的诱导性渗透活动。但是，由于相关法律的精细化、体系性和衔接性上仍不很完善，上述势力试图寻找法律的漏洞和空挡，变换手法进行诱导性渗透。为此，一方面，国家要对已有法律条文进行精细化的补充和优化，便利法律的执行和运用；另一方面，国家要尽早出台“反渗透法”“意识形态安全法”等新的法律，堵塞意识形态安全领域的法律漏洞，构建起较为系统、成熟的维护意识形态安全的法律体系，这是破解意识形态诱导性渗透，切实维护我国意识形态安全的根本保障。

4. Strengthening the construction of a philosophical and social science system with Chinese characteristics is the natural choice for resisting academic infiltration.

4.加强中国特色哲学社会科学体系建设是抵制学术化渗透的应然选择。

Marx pointed out in the *Communist Manifesto*: “The bourgeoisie, by the rapid improvement of all instruments of production, by the immensely facilitated means of communication, draws all, even the most barbarian, nations into civilization. The cheap prices of commodities are the heavy artillery with which it batters down all Chinese walls, with which it forces the barbarians’ intensely obstinate hatred of foreigners to capitulate. It compels all nations, on pain of extinction, to adopt the bourgeois mode of production; it compels them to introduce what it calls civilization into their midst, i.e., to become bourgeois themselves. In one word, it creates a world after its own image.” [5]5 This is a paraphrase of the *Communist Manifesto*; the original Chinese text provides a condensed version of Marx’s argument. Clearly, the pattern of “the East being subordinate to the West” that Marx revealed refers to the fact that the economic backwardness of the East caused its civilization and culture to be constrained and influenced by Western civilization and culture. In fact, in the process of China’s modernization, the Chinese people have long adhered to the path of “the introduction of Western learning to the East.” On the one hand, they have modernized and transformed traditional Chinese culture; on the other hand, they have consciously or unconsciously been subject to the influence of Western civilization and culture in their thinking and consciousness. Consequently, in the construction of academic theory and academic systems, a model and discourse system of “whenever one speaks, one must refer to ancient Greece” and “whenever one speaks, one must refer to the United States” has formed. This situation persisted for a long time during reform and opening up and has influenced the construction of Chinese academia. Fully recognizing the harm of US academic ideological infiltration and strengthening the construction of a philosophical and social science system with Chinese characteristics will not only help to thoroughly resist US academic infiltration and erosion and safeguard the security of China’s mainstream ideology, but also enhance the confidence in the theory and cultural confidence of socialism with Chinese characteristics, forming a cultural and civilizational force commensurate with China’s national power. To this end, in terms of guiding ideology, we must be guided by the spirit of Xi Jinping’s speech at the Symposium on the Flourishing of Philosophy and Social Sciences: “We must follow the development approach of basing ourselves on China, learning from foreign countries, excavating history, grasping the present, caring for humanity, and facing the future, and strive to construct social sciences with Chinese characteristics.” [6]6 This refers to Xi Jinping’s speech at the Symposium on the Flourishing of Philosophy and Social Sciences held on May 17, 2016. In concrete operations, first, we must adhere to the correct political direction, value orientation, and academic orientation. Marxism is the foundation of our Party and the soul of our nation’s rejuvenation; in the construction of the philosophical and social science system, we must unequivocally uphold the guidance of Marxism, using Marxist positions, viewpoints, and methods to analyze and sort out academic theoretical issues and construct an academic theoretical system; we must adhere to the value orientation of centering on the central work, serving the overall situation, and conducting scholarship for the people; we must uphold the academic orientation of responsibility and safeguarding national security and development interests. Second, we must adhere to a problem-oriented approach to academic system construction. The construction of a philosophical and social science system is not merely scholarship confined to the study; it must care about the problems in real-life human and social development, discovering, understanding, and grasping laws from the combination of human society’s history and reality, theory and practice, and the international and domestic, continuously enhancing the logic, rigor, and scientific nature of the academic system. Third, we must construct and tell the academic discourse system of “China’s governance.” Over the past century, the Communist Party of China, leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country through the great practices of revolution, construction, and reform, has created economic and social development miracles in the history of human development. This has not only proven the immense vitality of the theory, system, path, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics in practice, but has also provided unprecedented data and cases for academic research, fully reflecting the advanced nature and scientific nature of the Party and government’s governance capacity and governance system. Telling the academic discourse system of “China’s governance” has universal historical significance. Finally, we must manifest the Chinese style of philosophy and social sciences in the mutual learning of civilizations. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Civilizations become rich through exchange, learn from each other through exchange, and develop through mutual learning.” [7]7 This is a quote from Xi Jinping, often cited in the context of promoting mutual learning among civilizations. The United States and other Western countries have developed civilizations and relatively mature philosophical and social science systems; it is necessary for us to learn from their advanced science and technology, but we must never copy or mechanically apply them. Those academic theories steeped in the American “value system” carry the arrogance and prejudice, selfishness and extremism of the American people; they must be identified and resisted. The confidence in the theory derived from Chinese practice must be fully promoted. This is both the natural choice for resisting the theoretical infiltration of US ideology and an inherent requirement for effectively safeguarding China’s ideological security and demonstrating China’s academic confidence.

马克思在《共产党宣言》中指出：“资产阶级凭借其强大的生产能力，不仅使处于愚昧状态的农村遍地开花，使农村从属于城市，而且在改变人类交往方式的基础上，使一切落后民族的文明被卷入由资本者所造就的世界之中，形成‘东方从属于西方’的文明格局。”很显然，马克思揭示的“东方从属于西方”格局是指东方经济发展落后致使其文明和文化也受西方文明和文化的制约和影响。事实上，在中国现代化进程中，中国人长期秉持“西学东渐”的路径，一方面对传统中国文化进行现代性的转换和改造，另一方面自觉与不自觉地在思维意识上受制于西方文明和文化的影响，因而，在学术理论和学术体系的构建上形成了“言必称希腊”“言必称美国”的学理模式和话语体系。这种状况在改革开放很长时间里一直存在并影响着中国学术的建构。充分认识美国意识形态学术性渗透的危害，加强中国特色哲学社会科学体系建设，不仅有助于彻底抵制美国学术性渗透和浸润，维护中国主流意识形态的安全，而且能够增强中国特色社会主义的理论自信和文化自信，形成与中国国力相适应的文化力和文明力。为此，在指导思想上，我们要以习近平在繁荣哲学社会科学座谈会讲话精神为指引，“要按照立足中国、借鉴国外，挖掘历史、把握当代，关怀人类、面向未来的发展思路，着力构建中国特色社会科学。”在具体操作上，首先，要坚持正确的政治方向、价值取向和学术导向。马克思主义是我们的立党之本、兴国之魂，在哲学社会科学体系建设中必须旗帜鲜明地坚持马克思主义指导，用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法分析和梳理学术理论问题，构建学术理论体系；要坚持围绕中心工作，服务大局和为人民做学问的价值取向；要坚守责任，维护国家安全和发展利益的学术导向。其次，要坚持以问题为导向的学术体系建设。哲学社会科学体系建设不只是书斋里的学问，一定要关怀现实中人和社会发展中的问题，从人类社会的历史与现实、理论与实践、国际与国内的结合中发现、认识和把握规律，不断增强学术体系的逻辑性、严谨性和科学性。再次，要建构并讲好“中国之治”的学术话语体系。百年来，中国共产党带领全国各族人民通过革命、建设和改革的伟大实践创造了人类发展史上的经济和社会发展奇迹，不仅从实践上证明了中国特色社会主义理论、制度、道路和文化的巨大生命力，而且为学术研究提供了前所未有的数据和案例，充分体现了党和政府治理能力和治理体系的先进性和科学性，讲好中国之治”的学术话语体系具有普遍历史意义。最后，在文明互鉴中彰显哲学社会科学的中国气派。习近平指出：“文明因多样而交流，因交流而互鉴，因互鉴而发展。”美国等西方国家有着发达的文明和较为成熟的哲学社会科学体系，我们有必要去学习其先进的科学和技术，但绝不能照抄照搬，那些浸润着美国“价值体系”的学术理论负载着美国人的傲慢与偏见、自私与偏激，必须加以甄别和抵制，中国实践中的理论自信必须予以充分发扬，这既是抵制美国意识形态学理性渗透的应然选择，也是切实维护我国意识形态安全，彰显中国学术自信的题中应有之义。

The external export and infiltration of ideology is a long-standing important means for the United States to subvert hostile countries and one of its main methods for maintaining hegemonic control over the world. China’s strategic pursuit of peaceful rise cannot diminish US vigilance and hostility towards China; the proposal of a new type of major-country relationship between China and the US cannot eliminate US containment and suppression of China. On the contrary, relying on its capital, technological leverage, and discourse advantages, the United States is waging an unprecedented strategic ideological offensive against China. Whether in terms of fabricating content, innovating forms, or unpredictable paths, its purpose is to completely shatter the confidence of the Chinese people and obstruct China’s progress and development. Former US President Barack Obama bluntly stated, “If over a billion Chinese citizens have the same living patterns as Australians and Americans, the human race will be in for a tragic disaster.” [8]8 This quote is attributed to former US President Barack Obama, though the original Chinese text does not provide a specific source for the statement. It can be seen that the infiltration and counter-infiltration in the US-China ideological sphere will be a battle without gunpowder smoke, and also a major realistic danger facing our realization of the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. If China is to continue adhering to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, it must fully recognize the long-term, complex, and arduous nature of the Sino-US ideological struggle, must abandon illusions, maintain strategic resolve, and wage an unremitting struggle to resist and defeat US ideological infiltration into China.

意识形态的对外输出和渗透是美国一以贯之颠覆异己国家的重要手段，也是美国维护霸权控制世界的主要手段之一。中国和平崛起的战略诉求并不能消减美国对华的警惕和敌意，中美新型大国关系的提出并不能消除美国对华的围堵和遏制，相反，美国凭借其资本、技术情制和话语优势正在对华进行着一场史无前例的意识形态战略攻势，无论是内容的捕风捉影，还是形式的花样翻新，抑或是路径的变幻莫测，其目的就在于彻底摧垮中国人的自信心，阻遏中国的进步和发展。美国前总统奥巴马直言不讳地指出，“如果拥有10余亿人口的中国过上了与美国和澳大利亚同样的生活，那将是人类的悲剧和灾难。”可以看出，美国对华意识形态领域的渗透与反渗透将是一场看不见硝烟的战斗，也是我们实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦所面临的主要现实危险。中国要继续坚持走特色社会主义道路，就必须充分重视中美意识形态斗争的长期性、复杂性和艰巨性，必须丢掉幻想，保持定力，为抵制和挫败美国对华意识形态渗透进行坚持不懈的斗争。

(Author’s bio: Liu Jianhua, Professor at the School of Marxism, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Doctor of Laws)

(作者简介：刘建华，天津财经大学马克思主义学院教授，法学博士)

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心