The Achievements of Adapting Marxism to the Chinese Context and the Needs of the Times

The recently concluded 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was undoubtedly a highly important political gathering, and the major resolutions adopted at the Congress will have a significant impact on the entire world, especially on developing countries.

刚刚闭幕的中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会无疑是十分重要的政治盛会，大会制定的重大决议将对全世界尤其是发展中国家产生重要影响。

The Communist Party of China is the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. For the CPC, governing a country as vast as China is an extremely challenging task. Facing the changes of the times

中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心。对中国共产党而言，治理中国这样一个规模如此巨大的国家是一项极具挑战性的工作。面对时代变局，习近平总书记在中共二十大报告中强调了马克思主义中国化时代化和推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要意义。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC affirmed the great achievements of the Chinese people in the New Era. Over the past decade, China has successfully eradicated absolute poverty, achieved major results in lunar and Mars exploration projects, and become a major trading partner for over 140 countries and regions. While affirming these achievements, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to advance the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

中共二十大报告肯定了中国人民在新时代取得的伟大成就。过去10年，中国成功消除了绝对贫困，探月探火工程取得重大成果，中国成为140多个国家和地区的主要贸易伙伴。在肯定成就的同时，习近平总书记强调要推进马克思主义中国化时代化。

Advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times will empower the CPC to meet the needs of the people. In stark contrast, the ruling classes of capitalist countries transform state power into control over the people, and the so-called capitalist development plan is limited to satisfying the needs of the wealthy few who control the state.

推进马克思主义中国化时代化将赋能中国共产党满足人民的需求。与此形成鲜明对比的是，资本主义国家的统治阶级将国家权力转化为对人民的控制，所谓的资本主义发展方案仅限于满足少数掌控国家的富人的需求。

The adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times has enabled China to establish a system of large state-owned enterprises that serve as the lifeblood of the national economy and to achieve innovative development of the public ownership economy. The public ownership economy not only provides products and services but also realizes technological innovation in fields such as 5G, big data, and artificial intelligence. This has enabled China not only to double per capita disposable income over the past decade but also to effectively control the COVID-19 pandemic. Establishing a large-scale state-owned enterprise system, a public finance system, and a state-owned asset management system is an important contribution of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in the economic sphere.

马克思主义中国化时代化使中国建立了作为国家经济命脉的大型国有企业体系，并实现了公有制经济的创新发展。公有制经济不仅提供产品和服务，还在5G、大数据、人工智能等领域实现了技术创新，使中国在过去10年不仅实现了人均可支配收入翻番，还有效控制了新冠肺炎疫情。建立大规模国有企业体系、公共财政体系和国有资产管理体系，是马克思主义中国化时代化在经济领域的重要贡献。

Consolidating the economic foundation of the CPC's governance has always been a major task. As a participant in the world market, Chinese enterprises must operate under international rules dominated by the West, and China's economic development faces risks and challenges. The socialist market economy still has much room for development, and China has become an important object of study for summarizing the experiences and laws of "the socialist market economy participating in the capitalist market." In his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized accelerating the construction of a modernized economic system, which will help China respond to domestic and international challenges.

巩固中国共产党执政的经济基础始终是一项重大的任务。作为世界市场的参与者，中国企业须在西方主导的国际规制下运行，中国经济发展面临着风险挑战。社会主义市场经济仍存在许多有待发展的空间，中国已成为总结“社会主义市场经济参与资本主义市场”经验和规律的重要研究对象国。习近平总书记在中共二十大报告中强调加快建设现代化经济体系，这将有助于中国应对国内外挑战。

Today, we live in an extremely unstable world, perhaps the most dangerous moment in nearly 50 years of human history, and China faces severe internal and external challenges. In an unstable and dangerous world, ensuring national security is of paramount importance. The 20th National Congress of the CPC elevated the issue of national security to a historical height equal to that of economic development. China should concentrate its efforts on building a country with a high capacity for scientific and technological innovation.

今天，我们身处一个极度不稳定的世界，这或许是人类历史近50年来最危险的时刻，中国正面临严峻的内外挑战。在一个不稳定的危险世界中，确保国家安全至关重要。中共二十大将国家安全问题提升到了与经济发展同等重要的历史高度。中国应集中力量建设一个具有高度科技创新能力的国家。

In *Capital* and the *Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844*, Marx repeatedly and explicitly mentioned the possibility of technological innovation driving the progress of human society. In capitalist society, these possibilities are monopolized by the minority who own the means of production. In socialist countries, the opposite is true: technology serves the people. China is blazing a path where all material foundations and economic development serve the needs of the state.

马克思在《资本论》和《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中，多次明确提到了技术创新推动人类社会进步的可能性。在资本主义社会，这些可能性被占有生产资料的少数人垄断着。在社会主义国家则恰恰相反，技术是服务于人民的。中国正在开创一条所有物质基础和经济发展均服务于国家需要的道路。

Adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times means continuously improving and innovating the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is an arduous task. In a country like China, with a history spanning thousands of years, the construction of socialist democracy is regarded as a Marxist plan to expand popular participation. In recent years, China's democratic construction has withstood the test of an anti-corruption struggle that has penetrated deeply into every level of the Party and the state. Consolidating the flesh-and-blood bond between the CPC and the people helps China successfully respond to various challenges.

马克思主义中国化时代化就是要不断完善和创新中国特色社会主义制度，这是一项艰巨的任务。在中国这样一个有数千年历史的国家，社会主义民主建设被视为扩大人民参与的马克思主义方案。近年来，中国的民主建设经受住了一场深入党和国家各个层面的反腐斗争的考验。巩固中国共产党和人民群众之间的血肉联系有助于中国成功应对各种挑战。

For a socialist country, establishing a government governance system guided by Marxism is of paramount importance. The dissolution of the Soviet Union was largely attributable to the failure of the Soviet localization of Marxism and the abandonment of Marxism by Soviet leaders. Consequently, the Soviet Union failed to find a development path that met the needs of the people. Deeply understanding the historical significance of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses on adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is key to comprehending China's development achievements and future transformations in the New Era.

对社会主义国家而言，建立一个以马克思主义为指导思想的政府治理体系至关重要。苏联解体在很大程度上归咎于马克思主义苏联本土化的失败和苏联领导人对马克思主义的放弃。因此，苏联未能找到满足人民需要的发展道路。深入领会习近平总书记关于马克思主义中国化时代化重要论述的历史意义，是理解中国新时代发展成就与未来变革的关键。

(The author, Elias Jabbour, is a professor in the Department of Economics at Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil; the translator, He Qin, is a Distinguished Research Fellow at the Research Center for

（作者埃利亚斯·贾布尔系巴西里约热内卢州立大学经济系教授；译者贺钦系中国社会科学院习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员，中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院副研究员）

Web editor: Zhang Jian

网络编辑：张剑