China and Vietnam Join Hands to Contribute to the Development of Contemporary World Socialism

The Communist Party of China takes Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as its guide to action; the Communist Party of Vietnam takes Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Thought as its guiding ideology. The political and academic circles of both countries adhere to and develop Marxism-Leninism theory in accordance with the progress of the times. Therefore, the localization and practical application of the Marxist-Leninist theoretical system in each country share many similarities. A prominent feature in the socialist construction cause of China and Vietnam is that China implements basic economic systems such as public ownership as the mainstay with diverse forms of ownership developing side by side, distribution according to work as the mainstay with multiple modes of distribution coexisting, and the socialist market economy system, while Vietnam, during the transition period to socialism, is implementing a socialist-oriented market economy system.

中国共产党以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想作为自己的行动指南，越南共产党以马克思列宁主义、胡志明思想为指导思想，两国的政界和学术界都根据时代的进步坚持和发展马克思列宁主义理论。因此，各国马克思列宁主义理论体系的本土化和实际运用有许多相似之处。中越两国在社会主义建设事业中突出的特点是，中国实行的是以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展，按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，社会主义市场经济体制等基本经济制度，越南在向社会主义过渡时期正在实行的是社会主义定向的市场经济体制。

Although the names of the market economy systems in China and Vietnam are not entirely identical, in practice both countries' market economy systems are new types of market economy systems. The economic bases of both countries are tested and practiced under the leadership of the Communist Party, and both countries take Marxism as their guiding ideology. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has the Fourteen Persistences [1]1 The Fourteen Persistences (十四个坚持) are the basic strategies of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, outlined at the 19th National Congress of the CPC in 2017, covering areas such as Party leadership, people-centered development, reform and opening up, and rule of law., and Vietnamese socialism has eight characteristics. The socialist characteristics of China and Vietnam share similarities, and these characteristics also serve as the foundation for both countries' cause of building socialist modernization, making tremendous contributions to the common development of contemporary world socialism.

虽然中越两国在市场经济制度的名称上并不完全相同，但实际上两国的市场经济制度都是新型市场经济制度。两国的经济基础都在共产党领导下得以试验和实践，并且两国都以马克思主义作为指导思想，中国特色社会主义有十四个坚持，越南社会主义有八个特征。中越两国的社会主义特征具有相似性，这些特征也是两国建设社会主义现代化事业的基础，对当代世界社会主义的共同发展作出了巨大的贡献。

The great achievements China has made at various stages of socialist modernization construction not only affirm the great significance of socialist modernization construction for China's development but also contribute a completely new Chinese solution to world development through "building a community with a shared future for mankind." China's socialist modernization construction is both an affirmation of Marxism and has been tested by the practice of real socialist construction.

中国在社会主义现代化建设的各个阶段所取得的伟大成就，不仅肯定了社会主义现代化建设对于中国发展的重大意义，也以“构建人类命运共同体”为世界发展贡献了全新的中国方案。中国社会主义现代化建设既是对马克思主义的肯定，同时也经过了现实社会主义建设实践的检验。

In his speech at the celebration of the 40th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, General Secretary Xi Jinping stated: "On the road ahead, we must adhere to the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents, the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and adhere to the organic unity of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts. Developing Marxism for the 21st century and contemporary Chinese Marxism is the bounden historical responsibility of contemporary Chinese Communists." This means that China's reform and opening up cause has the nature and direction of comprehensive socialist development, and adhering to and developing this cause is also a manifestation of the "great struggle" [2]2 "Great struggle" (伟大斗争) is one of the "Four Greats" (four great tasks) in the CPC's political discourse.

习近平总书记在庆祝中国改革开放40周年大会上的讲话中表示：“前进道路上，我们必须坚持马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、‘三个代表’重要思想、科学发展观、新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，坚持解放思想和实事求是有机统一。发展21世纪马克思主义、当代中国马克思主义，是当代中国共产党人责无旁贷的历史责任。”这意味着中国的改革开放事业具有社会主义全面发展的性质和方向，坚持和发展这一事业也是“伟大斗争”的体现。

For the Communist Party of Vietnam, after nearly 40 years of reform and innovation (Đổi Mới) [3], the Communist Party of Vietnam has formed several basic theoretical viewpoints on the socialist model and the Vietnamese socialist path.

对于越南共产党来说，经过近40年的革新发展，越南共产党已经形成关于社会主义模式和越南社会主义道路的若干基本理论观点。

First, adhere to and develop the Party's ideological foundation. Under the banner of Marxism-Leninism, the Communist Party of Vietnam has led the Vietnamese revolutionary cause from victory to victory. Based on the requirements of the reform cause, the Communist Party of Vietnam decided: "The Communist Party of Vietnam takes Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Thought as its ideological foundation and guide to action." This is an extremely important issue, of great significance for Vietnam's reform cause and revolutionary future in the new period.

第一，坚持和发展了党的思想基础。在马克思列宁主义旗帜指引下，越南共产党领导越南革命事业从胜利走向胜利。基于革新事业的要求，越南共产党作出决定：“越南共产党以马克思列宁主义和胡志明思想为思想基础和行动指南。”这是极其重要的问题，对于新时期越南的革新事业和革命前途具有十分重大的意义。

Second, clarify the socialist development direction and the model for building Vietnamese socialism. After nearly 40 years of reform, the Communist Party of Vietnam has taken socialism as the basic direction in all major areas of the reform cause, clearly pointing out that the country must guard against the risk of deviating from the socialist direction in the socialist process under the new era background. The most crucial and directional viewpoint is to maintain the ruling status and leadership position of the Communist Party of Vietnam, improve the management efficiency of the socialist rule-of-law state, and give play to the principal role of the people.

第二，明确了社会主义的发展方向和建设越南社会主义的模式。经过近40年的革新，越南共产党在革新事业各主要领域中将社会主义作为基本方向，明确指出国家在新的时代背景下在社会主义进程中要防范偏离社会主义方向的风险。最为关键且具有方向性的观点是，要维护越南共产党的执政地位和领导地位，提高社会主义法权国家管理效率，发挥人民主体作用。

Third, innovate and develop the theory of Vietnam's socialist-oriented market economy. At its Sixth National Congress in December 1986, the Communist Party of Vietnam made clear: economic and social development is the central task, and Party building is the key task. The socialist-oriented market economy is the overall economic model for Vietnam during the transition period to socialism. This is a form of market economy that both follows the laws of the market economy and embodies the essential principles of socialism, guided and governed by them, serving the interests of the Vietnamese working people and the entire nation.

第三，创新并发展了越南社会主义定向的市场经济理论。越南共产党在1986年12月召开的第六次全国代表大会上明确：经济社会发展是中心任务，党的建设是关键任务。社会主义定向的市场经济是越南向社会主义过渡时期的总体经济模式。这是一种市场经济的形态，既遵循市场经济的规律，又体现着社会主义的本质原则并受其引导和支配，为越南劳动人民和全民族的利益服务。

Fourth, form the theory of the Vietnamese socialist rule-of-law state that is of the people, by the people, and for the people. The socialist rule-of-law state that Vietnam builds must maintain its revolutionary nature and class nature, truly becoming an effective tool for the people to exercise their right to be masters of the country. Through rule of law and governance according to law, the status and role of the legal system are enhanced, requiring every organization and every citizen in society to fulfill the obligation to respect and abide by the law, while simultaneously promoting national morality and national cultural values.

第四，形成了属于人民、来自人民、为了人民的越南社会主义法权国家理论。越南建设的社会主义法权国家必须维护其革命本质和阶级本质，真正成为人民行使当家作主权利的有效工具。通过法权、依法管理的方式，提高法制的地位和作用，要求社会上每个组织、每个公民都要履行尊重和遵守法律的义务，同时弘扬民族道德和民族文化价值。

Fifth, continuously deepen and develop the understanding of Vietnamese advanced culture with a rich national identity, diversity, and unity. Based on traditional culture and absorbing the essence of human civilization, the Communist Party of Vietnam has gradually established a new, modern set of values for Vietnamese national culture. This set of values serves as the goal, foundation, and driving force for the country's rapid and sustainable development, continuously improving the people's material and spiritual life.

第五，不断深化和发展了对具有浓郁民族本色、多样性且统一的越南先进文化的认识。在立足传统文化，吸收人类文明精华的基础上，越南共产党逐步建立了一套新的、现代的越南民族文化价值观。这一价值观作为国家快速实现可持续发展的目标、基础和动力，能够不断改善人民物质生活和精神生活。

Sixth, form the theory of opening up and international integration. The Communist Party of Vietnam has formulated and continuously improved the theoretical system and line of foreign policy for the country's opening up and international integration under the background of economic globalization. "Pursue a foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, peace, friendship, cooperation, development, diversification, and multilateralization of external relations. On the basis of the fundamental principles of equality, cooperation, and mutual benefit in the Charter of the United Nations and international law, ensure the highest interests of the country and the nation. Combine national strength with the strength of the times, actively and proactively integrate deeply and comprehensively into the international community. Vietnam is a friend, a trustworthy partner, and an active and responsible member of the international community."

第六，形成了开放和融入国际的理论。越南共产党制定并不断完善经济全球化背景下国家对外开放和融入国际的外交理论体系和路线。“奉行独立自主、和平友好、合作发展、对外关系多元化和多边化的外交政策。在《联合国宪章》和国际法平等、合作、互利基本原则的基础上，确保国家和民族的最高利益。将民族力量与时代力量相结合，积极主动地全面深入融入国际社会。越南是国际社会的朋友、值得信赖的伙伴和积极、负责任的成员。”

Seventh, develop the theory of the Communist Party of Vietnam's ruling power. During the reform period, the Communist Party of Vietnam has paid great attention to summarizing various issues related to the country's economic and social life, including politics, ideology, morality, organization, and cadres.

第七，发展了越南共产党的执政理论。在革新时期，越南共产党十分注重总结政治、思想、道德、组织和干部等涉及国家经济和社会生活的各种问题。

Eighth, clarify and stimulate the great driving force of the Vietnamese revolution. Great national unity is the Party's strategic line, the source of strength and the decisive factor for victory in the cause of building and defending the Fatherland. The solid foundation of great national unity is the alliance of the working class, the peasant class, and the intellectual contingent led by the Party, the close connection between the Party and the people, the people's trust in the Party and the state, the unity among all classes, ethnic groups, religions, and Vietnamese people at home and abroad, and the unity between the Vietnamese people and the people of the world who love peace and progress.

第八，明确和激发了越南革命的巨大动力。民族大团结是党的战略路线，是赢得建设和保卫祖国事业胜利的力量源泉和决定性因素。民族大团结的坚实基础是党领导的工人阶级、农民阶级和知识分子队伍的联盟，是党和人民的紧密联系，是人民对党和国家的信任，是越南各阶级、各民族、各宗教、海内外越南人之间的团结，是越南人民同世界上热爱和平与进步的人之间的团结。

In summary, through comprehensive leadership of the reform cause, the Communist Party of Vietnam has gradually formed, developed, and continuously improved the line for the country's comprehensive reform according to the socialist orientation. This is also a process of formation, supplementation, and gradual improvement of the theory on the socialist model and the Vietnamese socialist path.

综上所述，通过全面领导革新事业，越南共产党逐步形成、发展并不断完善了国家按照社会主义定向全面进行革新的路线。这也是关于社会主义模式和越南社会主义道路的理论形成、补充和逐步完善的过程。

Since China's reform and opening up and Vietnam's reform and opening up (Đổi Mới), the cause of socialist modernization has achieved tremendous successes. These successes are concrete manifestations of adhering to Marxism-Leninism, conform to the actual conditions of each country, and jointly contribute to the increasingly developing fate of world socialism and to promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

自中国改革开放和越南革新开放以来，社会主义现代化事业取得了巨大成就，这些成就是坚持马克思列宁主义的具体体现，符合各国实际，共同为世界社会主义日益发展的命运作出贡献，为推动构建人类命运共同体作出贡献。

(Author: Vu Van Phuc, Vice Chairman of the Scientific Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, former Deputy Head of the Central Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of Vietnam; Translator: Huang Shumin, 2023 doctoral student at the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

（作者：武文福，越南共产党中央机关科学委员会副主席，越南共产党中央宣教部原副部长；译者黄姝敏，中国社会科学院大学2023级博士研究生）

Online Editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心