Ten Theoretical Hotspots of 2024

Editor’s Note

编者按

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China [n1] mapped out a grand blueprint for opening up broad prospects for Chinese-path modernization through further deepening reform comprehensively; we actively responded to the impact of changes in the domestic and international environment, rolled out a series of policy “combined punches,” solidly promoted high-quality development, and our economy recovered and improved; we cultivated new quality productive forces according to local conditions, and new industries, new business forms, and new models emerged in competition…

党的二十届三中全会擘画了以进一步全面深化改革开辟中国式现代化广阔前景的宏伟蓝图；我们积极应对国内外环境变化带来的影响，出台一系列政策“组合拳”，扎实推动高质量发展，我国经济回暖向好；我们因地制宜培育新质生产力，新产业新业态新模式竞相涌现……

In the scroll of 2024, the solid development answer sheet coalesced into theoretical advantages, and the vivid practice of high-quality development provided an inexhaustible driving force for theoretical innovation. Looking back at the year’s striving footprints from a theoretical perspective and sorting out the context of theoretical hotspots is not only an in-depth observation but also helps the broad masses deeply understand the powerful strength of the Party’s innovative theories. To this end, the Sichuan Daily, the Sichuan Guan Think Tank, together with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences’ Institute of Marxism and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences’ Think Tank for Marxist Theoretical Innovation, based on extensive solicitation of expert opinions and questionnaire surveys in the early stage, jointly released the Ten Theoretical Hotspots of 2024 (in no particular order). Please stay tuned.

在2024的卷轴里，扎扎实实的发展答卷聚变为理论优势，高质量发展的生动实践为理论创新提供不竭动力。从理论视野回望这一年的奋进足迹，梳理理论热点的来龙去脉，既是深层次观察，也能帮助广大群众深刻领悟党的创新理论的强大力量。为此，四川日报社、川观智库与中国社科院马克思主义研究院、中国社科院马克思主义理论创新智库，在前期广泛征求专家学者意见并进行问卷调查的基础上，联合发布2024年十大理论热点（排序不分先后）。敬请垂注。

01 Deeply Studying and Implementing Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought

01 深入学习贯彻习近平文化思想

In October 2023, the Party Central Committee convened the National Conference on Propaganda, Ideology, and Cultural Work, formally proposing and systematically elaborating Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought, raising high our Party’s cultural banner on the new journey. To deeply study Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and implement Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought, the Central Propaganda Department organized the compilation of the *Study Outline for Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought*, published and distributed at the end of 2024, and simultaneously issued a notice on earnestly organizing the study of the *Study Outline for Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought* (hereinafter referred to as the *Outline*).

2023年10月，党中央召开全国宣传思想文化工作会议，正式提出并系统阐述习近平文化思想，在新征程上高举起我们党的文化旗帜。为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，贯彻落实习近平文化思想，中央宣传部组织编写《习近平文化思想学习纲要》一书，2024年底出版发行，同时，发出关于认真组织学习《习近平文化思想学习纲要》（以下简称《纲要》）的通知。

Every time theoretical innovation advances one step, theoretical armament must follow one step. We should take the publication of the *Outline* as an opportunity to strengthen propaganda and study, guiding the vast number of Party members and cadres to deeply learn and understand the scientific truth value contained in Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought, the powerful spiritual strength it manifests, the broad cultural sentiment it is filled with, and the distinct practical character it displays, achieving thorough learning and understanding, and clear insight leading to action. We must more consciously arm our minds, guide practice, and promote work with Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought, anchor the strategic goal of building a culturally strong country, promote the implementation of various measures for cultural system and mechanism reform, and make greater contributions to consolidating the cultural foundation for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.

理论创新每前进一步，理论武装就要跟进一步。要以《纲要》出版为契机，加强宣传学习，引导广大党员干部深刻学习领悟习近平文化思想蕴含的科学真理价值、彰显的强大精神力量、充盈的博大文化情怀、展现的鲜明实践品格，做到学深悟透、明道见行。要更加自觉地用习近平文化思想武装头脑、指导实践，锚定建成文化强国战略目标，推动文化体制机制改革各项举措落实到位，为筑牢强国建设、民族复兴的文化根基作出更大贡献。

The era background and great significance of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has insisted on placing cultural construction in a prominent position in governing the country, making a series of major deployments, promoting historic achievements in cultural construction through rectifying the source and upholding integrity and innovation, and taking solid steps in building a socialist cultural power. General Secretary Xi Jinping has delivered a series of important speeches, made a series of important instructions, and creatively proposed a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments, constituting the cultural chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. The formation of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought marks that our Party’s understanding of the laws of socialist cultural construction has reached a new height, indicates that our Party’s historical confidence and cultural confidence have reached a new height, is an important milestone in China’s cultural construction, and provides a powerful ideological weapon and scientific action guide for doing a good job in propaganda, ideology, and cultural work on the new journey of the New Era, promoting cultural prosperity, and building a culturally strong country.

习近平文化思想产生的时代背景和重大意义。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持把文化建设摆在治国理政突出位置，作出一系列重大部署，推动文化建设在正本清源、守正创新中取得历史性成就，社会主义文化强国建设迈出坚实步伐。习近平总书记发表一系列重要讲话，作出一系列重要指示，创造性提出一系列新思想新观点新论断，构成了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇。习近平文化思想的形成，标志着我们党对社会主义文化建设规律的认识达到了新高度，表明我们党的历史自信、文化自信达到了新高度，是中国文化建设的重要里程碑，为做好新时代新征程宣传思想文化工作、推动文化繁荣、建设文化强国提供了强大思想武器和科学行动指南。

The core essence and rich connotation of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought. Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought profoundly answers fundamental questions such as what flag to hold, what path to take, what principles to adhere to, and what goals to achieve in China’s cultural construction in the New Era, containing a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments with great innovative significance, mainly reflected in twelve aspects: upholding the Party’s cultural leadership, promoting the coordinated development of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, adhering to the Two Integrations, [n2] shouldering the cultural mission of the New Era, strengthening cultural confidence, cultivating and practicing core socialist values, forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation, mastering the dominant power of public opinion under information conditions and widely consolidating social consensus, adhering to a people-centered work orientation, strengthening the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, constructing Chinese discourse and Chinese narrative systems, and promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. The *Outline* arranges the chapters of the book based on the twelve aspects of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments, and systematically elaborates on the formation, development, rich connotation, innovative significance, and practical requirements of these new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments in each chapter, constituting the complete framework and rich content of the scientific system of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought, and systematically presenting the core essence and rich connotation of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought.

习近平文化思想的核心要义和丰富内涵。习近平文化思想深刻回答了新时代我国文化建设举什么旗、走什么路、坚持什么原则、实现什么目标等根本问题，蕴含一系列具有重大创新意义的新思想新观点新论断，主要体现在十二个方面：坚持党的文化领导权，推动物质文明和精神文明协调发展，坚持“两个结合”，担负新时代的文化使命，坚定文化自信，培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，铸牢中华民族共同体意识，掌握信息化条件下舆论主导权、广泛凝聚社会共识，坚持以人民为中心的工作导向，加强文化遗产保护传承，构建中国话语和中国叙事体系，促进文明交流互鉴等。《纲要》以十二个方面的新思想新观点新论断为依据对全书章节进行谋篇布局，并在各章中对这些新思想新观点新论断的形成发展、丰富内涵、创新意义与实践要求作出系统阐述，构成习近平文化思想科学体系的完整框架和丰富内容，系统呈现了习近平文化思想的核心要义和丰富内涵。

The spiritual essence and practical requirements of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought. Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought possesses a high degree of cultural consciousness, strong cultural confidence, firm upholding integrity and innovation, deep feelings for the people, and a broad global vision, which become important manifestations of its spiritual essence. Adhering to arming the mind, guiding practice, and promoting work with Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought is an inevitable requirement for deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and comprehensively advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era. The *Outline* should be included in the study plan, organizing Party members to earnestly read the original work, study the original text, and comprehend the original principles, deeply understand the scientific truth value contained in Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought, the powerful spiritual strength it manifests, the broad cultural sentiment it is filled with, and the distinct practical character it displays, strive to master the Marxist standpoints, viewpoints, and methods running through it, continuously deepen understanding, fully comprehend and grasp it, more deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, [n3] enhance the Four Consciousnesses, [n4] strengthen the Four Confidences, [n5] achieve the Two Upholds, [n6] consciously maintain a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thought, politics, and action, and strive to create a new situation in propaganda, ideology, and cultural work.

习近平文化思想的精神实质和实践要求。习近平文化思想具有高度的文化自觉、强烈的文化自信、坚定的守正创新、深沉的为民情怀、博大的天下胸怀等，这些成为其精神实质的重要体现。坚持用习近平文化思想武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作，是深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想、全面推进新时代中国特色社会主义事业的必然要求。要把《纲要》纳入学习计划，组织党员认真读原著、学原文、悟原理，深刻领悟习近平文化思想蕴含的科学真理价值、彰显的强大精神力量、充盈的博大文化情怀、展现的鲜明实践品格，努力掌握贯穿其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，不断深化认识，全面理解把握，更加深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，自觉在思想上政治上行动上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致，奋力开创宣传思想文化工作新局面。

02 General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Thought on the Party’s Self-Revolution

02 习近平总书记关于党的自我革命的重要思想

On January 8, 2024, at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, [n7] General Secretary Xi Jinping systematically summarized the new progress and new achievements of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, profoundly elaborated on the important thought of the Party’s self-revolution, scientifically answered major questions such as why our Party must carry out self-revolution, why it can carry out self-revolution, and how to advance self-revolution, providing fundamental guidance for further deepening comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, building clean governance, and fighting corruption on the new journey of the New Era.

2024年1月8日，在二十届中央纪委三次全会上，习近平总书记系统总结全面从严治党的新进展、新成效，深刻阐述党的自我革命的重要思想，科学回答我们党为什么要自我革命、为什么能自我革命、怎样推进自我革命等重大问题，为新时代新征程深入推进全面从严治党、党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争提供了根本遵循。

General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important thought on the Party’s self-revolution is a new achievement of our Party in advancing theoretical innovation by adhering to the Two Integrations, a new chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and marks that our Party’s understanding of the laws of Marxist party building and the laws of communist governance has reached a new height.

习近平总书记关于党的自我革命的重要思想是我们党坚持“两个结合”推进理论创新取得的新成果，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的新篇章，标志着我们党对马克思主义政党建设规律、共产党执政规律的认识达到新高度。

Why must the Party carry out self-revolution? Self-revolution is an inevitable requirement for ensuring that the Party forever maintains its vitality and vigor and shoulders the historical mission of the New Era. On the one hand, the spirit of self-revolution is a powerful support for the Party to forever maintain its youthful vitality. An advanced Marxist party is not born but is tempered through continuous self-revolution. As the situation and tasks, the external environment, and the Party membership itself change, various contradictions and problems will inevitably arise within the Party. It is necessary to have the courage to turn the blade inward, promptly eliminate various negative influences, and ensure that the Party is always full of vigorous vitality and exuberant energy. On the other hand, the ideals our Party pursues are lofty and sacred, and the missions it shoulders are arduous and heavy. Only by examining itself with the requirements of the times, alerting itself with a strong sense of urgency, forging itself with the spirit of self-revolution, and continuously improving its leadership ability and governance level can it ensure that the Party never changes its nature, never changes its color, and never changes its flavor, and always remains a strong leading core for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

党为什么要自我革命？自我革命是保证党永葆生机活力、担负起新时代历史使命的必然要求。一方面，自我革命精神是党永葆青春活力的强大支撑。先进的马克思主义政党不是天生的，而是在不断自我革命中淬炼而成的。随着形势任务、外部环境变化和党员队伍自身变化，党内不可避免会出现各种矛盾和问题，必须以刀刃向内的勇气，及时消除各种消极影响，确保党始终充满蓬勃生机和旺盛活力。另一方面，我们党追求的理想崇高而神圣，肩负的使命艰巨而繁重，只有以时代发展的要求审视自己，以强烈的忧患意识警醒自己，以自我革命精神锻造自己，不断提高领导能力和执政水平，才能确保党始终不变质、不变色、不变味，始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。

Why is the Party capable of self-revolution? This is determined by the Party’s nature, purpose, original aspiration and founding mission. The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, and at the same time the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. For more than a hundred years it has steadfastly adhered to its original aspiration and founding mission of seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation. The Party’s nature, purpose, original aspiration and founding mission determine that our Party always represents the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people. By not seeking private gain, it acquires a thoroughgoing spirit of self-revolution, enabling it to pursue the fundamental and the great, to uphold truth and correct errors, to dare to examine itself and constantly reflect on its own faults; by neither concealing illness for fear of treatment nor glossing over mistakes, it can promptly discover and resolve its own problems, and can forcefully counter the “encirclement and hunting” [8]8 “Encirclement and hunting” (围猎) is a metaphor for the way interest groups and power brokers systematically target and corrupt Party officials. and corrosion by all interest groups, power blocs, and privileged strata. This is the secret of our Party’s ability to maintain its advanced nature and purity, and it is also the foundation of our Party’s ability to advance self-revolution. It is in this sense that daring to engage in self-revolution is our Party’s most distinctive character and greatest strength, and the Party’s self-revolution provides the second answer to the question of how to break out of the historical cycle of rise and fall [9]9 The “historical cycle of rise and fall” (历史周期率) refers to the pattern of dynastic rise and fall in Chinese history. Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei discussed this in 1945; the “first answer” was popular supervision, and the “second answer” is the Party’s self-revolution. under conditions of long-term governance.

党为什么能自我革命？这是党的性质宗旨、初心使命决定的。中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，一百多年来始终坚守为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴的初心使命。党的性质宗旨、初心使命决定了我们党始终代表最广大人民根本利益。不谋私利就有了彻底的自我革命精神，就能谋根本、谋大利，就能坚持真理、修正错误，敢于检视自身、常思己过；不讳疾忌医、不文过饰非，及时发现和解决自身存在的问题，就能有力回击一切利益集团、权势团体、特权阶层的“围猎”腐蚀。这是我们党始终保持先进性、纯洁性的奥秘所在，也是我们党能够推进自我革命的底气所在。正是从这个意义上说，勇于自我革命是我们党最鲜明的品格和最大优势，党的自我革命为党长期执政条件下跳出历史周期率给出了第二个答案。

How is self-revolution to be advanced? It is necessary to deeply grasp the practical requirements of the “nine musts” [10]10 The “nine musts” (九个以) are a set of nine principles for advancing self-revolution, each beginning with the Chinese character “以” (take/use).. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Take upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee as the fundamental guarantee, take leading the great social revolution as the fundamental purpose, take the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the fundamental guide, take breaking out of the historical cycle of rise and fall as the strategic goal, take solving the unique problems of a large party as the main direction of attack, take perfecting the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party as the effective pathway, take forging a strong organization and building a capable contingent as the important focal point, take rectifying conduct, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption as the important starting point, and take the combination of self-supervision and popular supervision as the powerful driving force.” The practical requirements of the “nine musts” systematically expound the nine issues that need to be grasped well in the practice of deeply advancing the Party’s self-revolution. They include both strategic arrangements and work deployments, both epistemology and scientific methodology. They form an interconnected, logically rigorous, and systematically complete organic whole, fully reflecting our Party’s deepening understanding of the laws of self-revolution and embodying the Party Central Committee’s unwavering political determination to advance the Party’s self-revolution.

怎样推进自我革命？必须深刻把握“九个以”的实践要求，习近平总书记指出，“以坚持党中央集中统一领导为根本保证，以引领伟大社会革命为根本目的，以新时代中国特色社会主义思想为根本遵循，以跳出历史周期率为战略目标，以解决大党独有难题为主攻方向，以健全全面从严治党体系为有效途径，以锻造坚强组织、建设过硬队伍为重要着力点，以正风肃纪反腐为重要抓手，以自我监督和人民监督相结合为强大动力。” “九个以”的实践要求，系统阐释在深入推进党的自我革命实践中需要把握好的九个问题，既有战略安排又有工作部署，既有认识论又有科学方法论，是一个相互联系、逻辑严密、系统完备的有机整体，充分反映了我们党对自我革命的规律性认识的不断深化，体现了党中央坚定不移推进党的自我革命的政治决心。

03 Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively

03 进一步全面深化改革

Reform has always been an important means for the Chinese nation to meet challenges, break through difficulties, and promote development; it is the key choice for the Party and the state to foster new opportunities amid crises and open new horizons amid changes; it is the action path to meet the practical needs of the people’s ever-growing desire for a better life; and it has marked important milestones in the course of the nation and the state. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized on multiple occasions the need to “carry reform through to the end.” This means not only that reform has no end point in the temporal dimension, no finality—it is always in progress, never completed—but also that in terms of depth it must be grasped holistically, with continuous exploration of how to better adapt relations of production to productive forces, the superstructure to the economic base, and state governance to social development, so as to provide powerful impetus and institutional guarantees for Chinese-path modernization.

改革始终是中华民族应对挑战、突破困境、推动发展的重要手段，是党和国家在危机中育新机、于变局中开新局的关键抉择，是不断满足人民群众对美好生活向往的现实需要的行动路径，为国家和民族进程标记了重要刻度。习近平总书记在多个场合强调要“把改革进行到底”，这不仅意味着改革这件事在时间纵深上没有终点、没有止境，只有进行时，没有完成时，而且在深入程度上要整体把握，接续探索如何推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础、国家治理和社会发展更好相适应，为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee [11]11 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee was held in November 2013 and marked the launch of the comprehensive deepening of reform., the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has accurately grasped the trend of the times and taken the historical initiative, systematically and holistically designed and advanced a new journey of reform, and initiated the great historical process of deepening reform comprehensively. Deepening reform comprehensively has gone through the stages of laying foundations and setting up pillars, advancing comprehensively and accumulating momentum, and system integration and coordinated efficiency, achieving a transformation from partial exploration and breaking through ice to system integration and comprehensive deepening. The basic institutional frameworks in various fields have been largely established, and many fields have undergone historic changes, systemic restructuring, and holistic reconstruction, providing strong institutional guarantees for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and realizing the Party’s first centenary goal, and propelling our country onto a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

党的十八届三中全会以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央准确把握时代大势和历史主动，系统整体设计推进改革新征程，开启全面深化改革的伟大历史进程。全面深化改革历经夯基垒台、立柱架梁，全面推进、积厚成势，系统集成、协同高效阶段，实现由局部探索、破冰突围到系统集成、全面深化的转变，各领域基础性制度框架基本建立，许多领域实现历史性变革、系统性重塑、整体性重构，为全面建成小康社会、实现党的第一个百年奋斗目标提供有力制度保障，推动我国迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程。

At present, the changes unseen in a century are accelerating. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee [12]12 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee was held in July 2024., within the broad historical perspective of reform and on the new journey of the New Era, profoundly answered the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, and issued a general mobilization and general deployment for driving deepening reform comprehensively to greater breadth and depth. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Decision”) reviewed and approved at the session drew a grand blueprint for opening up broad prospects for Chinese-path modernization through further deepening reform comprehensively, and clarified the overall goal and the main tasks in various aspects of further deepening reform comprehensively. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee wrote the practical sequel to the comprehensive deepening of reform since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, opened a new chapter of the times for advancing Chinese-path modernization on the new journey, and put forward more than 300 important reform measures covering work in the fields of the economy, politics, culture, society, ecological civilization, national security, and Party building. The reform measures are rich, the fields involved are diverse, and the methods of implementation vary, yet they converge within the overall goal, manifested in consistently taking institutional improvement as the main line, promoting the further improvement of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, basically realizing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and basically realizing socialist modernization.

当前世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，党的二十届三中全会在改革的历史大视野中，在新时代新征程上，深刻回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，为推动全面深化改革向广度和深度进军作出总动员、总部署，全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》），擘画了以进一步全面深化改革开辟中国式现代化广阔前景的宏伟蓝图，明确了进一步全面深化改革的总目标和各方面主要任务。党的二十届三中全会谱写党的十八届三中全会以来全面深化改革的实践续篇，开启新征程推进中国式现代化的时代新篇，围绕经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明、国家安全和党的建设等领域的工作提出300多项重要改革举措。改革举措丰富，涉及领域多样，践行方式不一，然融汇于总目标之中，表现为始终坚持以制度建设为主线，推动中国特色社会主义制度更加完善，基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，基本实现社会主义现代化。

To ensure that the reform tasks set out in the “Decision” are completed by the 80th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China [13]13 The 80th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China falls in 2029., further deepening reform comprehensively must, in terms of understanding, deeply study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new conclusions on deepening reform comprehensively, and consistently uphold the Party’s overall leadership, adhere to a people-centered approach, uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, take institutional improvement as the main line, adhere to law-based governance in all respects, and adhere to a systems perspective. In terms of method, greater emphasis must be placed on system integration, on highlighting key points, and on the actual effectiveness of reform, taking as the action levers for effectively enhancing the systematization and integration of institutional construction the focus on building a high-level socialist market economy, on developing whole-process people’s democracy, on building a socialist cultural power, on improving the quality of life of the people, on building a beautiful China, on building a higher-level peaceful China, and on improving the Party’s leadership level and long-term governance capacity. It emphasizes giving play to institutional advantages, pooling forces from all sides, achieving coordinated cooperation among multiple tasks and different fields, and promoting the orderly connection between top-level design and grassroots exploration.

为确保在中华人民共和国成立八十周年时完成《决定》提出的改革任务，进一步全面深化改革必须在认识上深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的一系列新思想、新观点、新论断，始终坚持党的全面领导、坚持以人民为中心、坚持守正创新、坚持以制度建设为主线、坚持全面依法治国、坚持系统观念。在方法上更加注重系统集成，更加注重突出重点，更加注重改革实效，以聚焦构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，聚焦发展全过程人民民主，聚焦建设社会主义文化强国，聚焦提高人民生活品质，聚焦建设美丽中国，聚焦建设更高水平平安中国，聚焦提高党的领导水平和长期执政能力为切实增强制度建设的体系化与集成化的行动抓手，强调发挥制度优势，汇聚各方面力量，实现多个任务、不同领域的协同配合，促进顶层设计与基层探索的有序衔接。

04 Party Discipline Study and Education

04 党纪学习教育

The Party discipline study and education carried out within the entire Party in 2024 is the first centralized study and education in the Party’s history with Party discipline as its theme. It is an innovative exploration of the intra-Party education mechanism and an important form of advancing the great new project of Party building on the new journey of the New Era, carrying out comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to the end, and deeply advancing the Party’s self-revolution. On January 8, 2024, at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection [14]14 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection was held in January 2024., General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized “deeply carrying out education on Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline, inheriting the Party’s glorious traditions and fine styles, inspiring the lofty ideals and pursuits of Communist Party members, and regarding the abuse of power for personal gain and corruption as a great disgrace,” and put forward clear requirements for carrying out Party discipline study and education. Subsequently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the “Notice on Carrying Out Party Discipline Study and Education within the Entire Party,” emphasizing that carrying out Party discipline study and education should be taken as an important political task, and promoting Party members and cadres to complete the tasks of Party discipline study and education with high quality. From April to July 2024, Party discipline study and education was carried out in an orderly manner within the entire Party. On August 30 of that year, the Central Leading Group for Party Building held a meeting, reviewed the “Opinions on Promoting the Normalization and Long-Term Effectiveness of Party Discipline Study and Education,” summarized the Party discipline study and education, and provided important conditions for adhering to a strict tone to strengthen the rectification of conduct and enforcement of discipline.

2024年在全党开展的党纪学习教育，是党的历史上首次开展以党纪为主题的集中性学习教育，是党内教育机制的创新探索，也是新时代新征程推进党的建设新的伟大工程、将全面从严治党进行到底、深入推进党的自我革命的重要形式。2024年1月8日，习近平总书记在二十届中央纪委三次全会上强调“深入开展党性党风党纪教育，传承党的光荣传统和优良作风，激发共产党员崇高理想追求，把以权谋私、贪污腐败看成是极大的耻辱”，并对开展党纪学习教育提出明确要求。随后，中共中央办公厅印发《关于在全党开展党纪学习教育的通知》，强调把开展党纪学习教育作为重要政治任务，推动党员干部高质量完成党纪学习教育任务。2024年4月至7月，党纪学习教育在全党范围内有序开展。当年8月30日，中央党的建设工作领导小组召开会议，审议《关于推进党纪学习教育常态化长效化的意见》，对党纪学习教育进行总结，为坚持以严的基调强化正风肃纪提供了重要条件。

To govern the country, the Party must first be governed strictly, and strict governance must be based on laws and regulations. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to Party discipline building, putting forward a series of important theses and propositions, emphasizing that “strengthening discipline building is the fundamental solution for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party” and that “discipline building must be placed in a more prominent position.” It has also warned the whole Party that comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is always on the way, the Party’s self-revolution is always on the way, and the fight against corruption and for clean governance is always on the way. It has explicitly incorporated discipline building into the overall layout of Party building, making overall plans, top-level designs, institutional arrangements, and work deployments for comprehensively strengthening Party discipline building. Carrying out education and study on Party discipline is an inevitable requirement for advancing the building of a proletarian party, an intrinsic need for fully carrying forward the Party’s fine traditions and unique strengths, and a practical need for promoting the deepening of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. Education and study on Party discipline takes the goal of always being loyal, clean, and responsible as its objective, takes the newly revised *Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Disciplinary Action* as its key learning content, and emphasizes integrating Party discipline education and study into daily life, making it a regular practice, internalizing it in the mind, and externalizing it in action. It guides Party members and cadres to learn discipline, know discipline, understand discipline, and abide by discipline, continuously enhancing their political resolve, disciplinary resolve, moral resolve, and resolve against corruption.

治国必先治党，治党务必从严，从严必依法度。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视党的纪律建设，提出一系列重要论断和命题，强调“加强纪律建设是全面从严治党的治本之策”“要把纪律建设摆在更加突出位置”，并警醒全党全面从严治党永远在路上，党的自我革命永远在路上，党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争永远在路上，明确将纪律建设纳入党的建设总体布局之中，为全面加强党的纪律建设作出整体谋划、顶层设计、制度安排和工作部署。开展党纪学习教育是推进无产阶级政党建设的必然要求，是充分发扬党的优良传统和独特优势的内在需要，是推动全面从严治党向纵深发展的现实需要。党纪学习教育强调以始终做到忠诚干净担当为目标要求，以新修订的《中国共产党纪律处分条例》为学习重点，注重将党纪学习教育融入日常、抓在经常、内化于心、外化于行，教育引导党员干部学纪、知纪、明纪、守纪，不断增强政治定力、纪律定力、道德定力、抵腐定力。

Promoting the normalization and long-term effectiveness of education and study on Party discipline requires adhering to scientific thinking. One must adhere to historical thinking, basing oneself on the vivid practice of Party discipline building in the New Era, deeply summarizing the historical experience of the Communist Party of China in strengthening discipline building from over a century of Party history, revealing the basic laws of discipline building in a Marxist party, and providing valuable resources for further advancing Party discipline building. One must adhere to the thinking of law-based governance. Intra-Party regulations arise from the Party, stand for the Party, and thrive with the Party; they are an important support and strong guarantee for the Communist Party of China’s growth from small to large and from weak to strong. The system of intra-Party regulations and rules must be improved in accordance with the new issues, new practices, and new experiences of Party discipline building. One must adhere to dialectical thinking, achieving the unity of the two-point theory and the key-point theory, combining universal requirements with particular requirements, focusing on both the “key minority” and managing the “vast majority,” and increasing the intensity of discipline education for “first-in-command” officials, young cadres, and newly promoted cadres. One must adhere to systematic thinking, examining Party discipline education and study within the framework of centralized intra-Party education and the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, integrating the unique role of Party discipline education and study into the Party’s self-revolution, and continuously advancing the great new project of Party building in the New Era.

推进党纪学习教育常态化长效化要坚持科学思维。要坚持历史思维，立足新时代党的纪律建设的鲜活实践，从百余年党史中深刻总结中国共产党加强纪律建设的历史经验，揭示马克思主义政党纪律建设的基本规律，为进一步推进党的纪律建设提供宝贵资源。要坚持法治思维，党内法规因党而生、因党而立、因党而兴，是中国共产党从小到大、由弱到强的重要支撑和有力保障，要根据党的纪律建设的新课题、新实践、新经验完善党内法规制度体系。要坚持辩证思维，做到两点论和重点论相统一，将普遍性要求与特殊性要求结合起来，既抓“关键少数”，也管“绝大多数”，加大对“一把手”、年轻干部、新提拔干部的纪律教育力度。要坚持系统思维，将党纪学习教育置于党内集中教育和全面从严治党体系之中进行审视，将党纪学习教育的独特作用融入到党的自我革命之中，不断把新时代党的建设新的伟大工程推向前进。

05 Developing New Quality Productive Forces According to Local Conditions

05 因地制宜发展新质生产力

Since July 2023, during inspection tours in Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Guangxi, and other places, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed integrating scientific and technological innovation resources, leading the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces. On January 31, 2024, during the 11th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping further systematically elucidated a series of major theoretical and practical issues concerning new quality productive forces, forming a complete system for the theory and development approach of new quality productive forces. On March 5, 2024, when participating in the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation at the Second Session of the 14th National People’s Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to firmly grasp high-quality development as the primary task and develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions. The Government Work Report listed “vigorously advancing the construction of a modern industrial system and accelerating the development of new quality productive forces” as the first of the ten major tasks for government work in 2024, marking the process of new quality productive forces from germination, proposal, establishment, deployment, to implementation. From July 15 to 18, 2024, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee was held. The plenum reviewed and adopted the *Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization*, which for the first time included the measure of “improving the institutions and mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions” in a central document, providing fundamental guidance for deepening China’s institutional and mechanism reforms and seizing the opportunities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

2023年7月以来，习近平总书记在四川、黑龙江、浙江、广西等地考察调研时，提出要整合科技创新资源，引领发展战略性新兴产业和未来产业，加快形成新质生产力。2024年1月31日，习近平总书记在中共中央政治局第十一次集体学习时，进一步系统阐明了关于新质生产力的一系列重大理论和实践问题，形成了关于新质生产力理论与发展思路的完整体系。2024年3月5日，习近平总书记在参加十四届全国人大二次会议江苏代表团审议时强调，要牢牢把握高质量发展这个首要任务，因地制宜发展新质生产力。政府工作报告将“大力推进现代化产业体系建设，加快发展新质生产力”列为2024年政府工作十大任务首位，标志着新质生产力完成从萌芽、提出、确立、部署到实施的过程。2024年7月15日至18日，党的二十届三中全会举行，全会审议通过《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》首次将“健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制”的举措写进了中央文件，为深化我国体制机制改革、抓住第四次工业革命的机遇提供了根本遵循。

Productive forces are the fundamental driving force of human social development and the ultimate cause of all social changes and political transformations. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that new quality productive forces are a qualitatively advanced form of productive forces where innovation plays the leading role, breaking away from traditional economic growth modes and paths of productive forces development, characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, and conforming to the new development philosophy. They are driven by revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries. Their basic connotation is the leap in laborers, means of labor, objects of labor, and their optimized combination. Their core symbol is a substantial increase in total factor productivity. Their characteristic is innovation, the key is high quality, and their essence is advanced productive forces. Accelerating the development of new quality productive forces has significant strategic importance for advancing Chinese-path modernization.

生产力是人类社会发展的根本动力，也是一切社会变迁和政治变革的终极原因。习近平总书记强调，新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。它由技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级而催生，以劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升为基本内涵，以全要素生产率大幅提升为核心标志，特点是创新，关键在质优，本质是先进生产力。加快发展新质生产力，对推进中国式现代化具有重大的战略意义。

Developing new quality productive forces is the necessary path to quickly seize the commanding heights of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, the intrinsic requirement and key focus for promoting high-quality development, and a major strategic measure for advancing Chinese-path modernization. China has a vast territory, a large population, and diverse geographical forms. The key points and difficulties of development vary from place to place, and the development conditions and situations of different regions and industries differ. Objectively, this requires analyzing specific situations and developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s explicit requirement of “according to local conditions”

发展新质生产力是加快抢占新一轮科技革命和产业变革制高点的必由之路，是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点，是推进中国式现代化的重大战略举措。我国幅员辽阔、人口众多、地理形态多样，各地发展重点难点不尽相同，不同地区不同行业的发展条件、发展状况存在差异，客观上要求具体情况具体分析，要因地制宜发展新质生产力。习近平总书记明确提出“因地制宜”的要求，是对发展新质生产力的最新论述，指明了前进的方向和路径。

Developing new quality productive forces does not mean neglecting or abandoning traditional industries. We must prevent a rush to act, bubble formation, and avoid adopting a single model. All localities must proceed from actual conditions, establish the new before abolishing the old, adapt measures to local conditions, and provide guidance by category. Based on local resource endowments, industrial foundations, and scientific research conditions, they should selectively promote the development of new industries, new models, and new drivers of growth, use new technologies to transform and upgrade traditional industries, and actively promote the advancement, intelligence, and greening of industries.

发展新质生产力不是忽视、放弃传统产业，要防止一哄而上、泡沫化，也不要搞一种模式。各地要坚持从实际出发，先立后破、因地制宜、分类指导，根据本地的资源禀赋、产业基础、科研条件等，有选择地推动新产业、新模式、新动能发展，用新技术改造提升传统产业，积极促进产业高端化、智能化、绿色化。

Improve the systems and mechanisms for developing new quality productive forces in accordance with local conditions. Strengthen the supply of institutions for new fields and new tracks, establish a growth mechanism for investment in future industries, improve development policies and governance systems for strategic industries such as next-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, and quantum technology, and guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries. Strengthen institutional constraints on environmental protection and safety. Improve relevant rules and policies, accelerate the formation of relations of production more compatible with new quality productive forces, promote the concentration of all types of advanced production factors toward the development of new quality productive forces, and significantly increase total factor productivity.

健全因地制宜发展新质生产力体制机制。加强新领域新赛道制度供给，建立未来产业投入增长机制，完善推动新一代信息技术、人工智能、航空航天、新能源、新材料、高端装备、生物医药、量子科技等战略性产业发展政策和治理体系，引导新兴产业健康有序发展。强化环保、安全等制度约束。健全相关规则和政策，加快形成同新质生产力更相适应的生产关系，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚，大幅提升全要素生产率。

06 Adhere to High-Level Protection to Support High-Quality Development

06 坚持以高水平保护支撑高质量发展

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken the construction of an ecological civilization as a fundamental plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, creatively putting forward important propositions such as "man and nature are a community of life," "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," and "protecting the ecological environment is protecting productive forces, and improving the ecological environment is developing productive forces," unswervingly following the path of high-quality development that prioritizes ecology, is green, and is low-carbon. In July 2023, at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly elaborated on several major relationships that need to be correctly handled in continuing to advance the construction of an ecological civilization on the new journey of the New Era, the first of which is "the relationship between high-quality development and high-level protection." In April 2024, when presiding over a symposium on promoting the large-scale development of the western region in the New Era in Chongqing and delivering an important speech, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must adhere to high-level protection to support high-quality development and build a solid national ecological security barrier." These important discussions fully reflect the development and integration of Xi Jinping's economic thought and Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, providing a fundamental guideline for adhering to high-level protection to support high-quality development.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把生态文明建设作为关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计，创造性提出“人与自然是生命共同体”“绿水青山就是金山银山”“保护生态环境就是保护生产力，改善生态环境就是发展生产力”等重要论断，坚定不移走生态优先、绿色低碳的高质量发展之路。2023年7月，习近平总书记在全国生态环境保护大会上深刻阐述了新时代新征程继续推进生态文明建设需要正确处理的几个重大关系，其中第一条即为“高质量发展和高水平保护的关系”。2024年4月，习近平总书记在重庆主持召开新时代推动西部大开发座谈会并发表重要讲话时指出：“要坚持以高水平保护支撑高质量发展，筑牢国家生态安全屏障。”这些重要论述充分体现了习近平经济思想与习近平生态文明思想的发展与融合，为坚持以高水平保护支撑高质量发展提供了根本遵循。

On the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, deeply grasping the support of high-quality development through high-level protection from the dual dimensions of theory and practice is of great significance for comprehensively advancing the construction of a beautiful China and accelerating the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

在全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程上，从理论和实践的双重维度深刻把握以高水平保护支撑高质量发展，对于全面推进美丽中国建设和加快推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化具有重要意义。

High-quality development and high-level protection complement and reinforce each other. High-level protection and high-quality development are not separate but organically unified and mutually promoting. High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and high-quality development that prioritizes ecology and is green and low-carbon is a solid guarantee and decisive factor in alleviating structural, root-cause, and trend-based pressures on ecological and environmental protection and in improving the quality of the ecological environment. High-level protection emphasizes systematic governance, promoting a virtuous cycle between ecological protection and economic development, comprehensively enhancing the quality of high-quality development, and continuously shaping new drivers and new advantages for development.

高质量发展和高水平保护相辅相成、相得益彰。高水平保护和高质量发展二者不是割裂的，而是有机统一、相互促进的。高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，生态优先、绿色低碳的高质量发展是缓解生态环境保护结构性、根源性、趋势性压力，提升生态环境质量的坚实保障和决定性因素。高水平保护强调系统治理，推动生态保护与经济发展实现良性循环，全面提升高质量发展的品质，不断塑造发展的新动能、新优势。

High-quality development is the prerequisite for high-level protection. High-quality development is development that can well meet the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life, providing financial, technological, and market support for high-level protection. On the one hand, the achievements of high-quality development can, through policy tools such as increased financial investment, the development of green finance, and ecological compensation mechanisms, promote the construction of ecological and environmental protection projects and the development of the environmental protection industry, thereby assisting high-level protection. On the other hand, green development is a key link in achieving high-quality development and is also the distinctive foundation of high-quality development. High-quality development comprehensively advances the green transition, advocates green consumption, develops low-carbon industries, builds a green, low-carbon, and circular economic system, promotes the simultaneous increase of the “green content” of development and the “gold content” of ecology, effectively reduces the resource and environmental costs of development, and assists in high-level protection of the ecosystem.

高质量发展是高水平保护的前提。高质量发展是能够很好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的发展，为高水平保护提供财政、科技和市场支持。一方面，高质量发展的成果可以通过增加财政投入、开发绿色金融、生态补偿机制这样一些政策工具，推动生态环保工程建设和环保产业发展，从而助力高水平保护。另一方面，绿色发展是实现高质量发展的关键环节，也是高质量发展的鲜明底色。高质量发展全面推进绿色转型，倡导绿色消费，发展低碳产业，构建绿色低碳循环经济体系，推动发展“含绿量”和生态“含金量”同步提升，有效降低发展的资源环境代价，助力生态系统高水平保护。

High-level protection is an important support for high-quality development. Starting from the integrity of the ecosystem and the systematic nature of river basins, high-level protection focuses on solving problems where one treats the head when the head aches and the foot when the foot hurts, and where each manages their own patch while conflicting with others. On the one hand, high-level protection broadens the path for transforming lucid waters and lush mountains into mountains of gold and silver, promoting the ecologization of industries and the industrialization of ecology. By improving the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products and the mechanism for horizontal ecological protection compensation, accelerating the innovation and application of green science and technology and advanced green technologies, and building efficient, ecological, and green industrial clusters, ecological advantages are continuously transformed into development advantages. On the other hand, implementing the requirements of “greater protection,” high-level protection places the governance of key ecological areas in a prominent position. Through measures such as zoning control of the ecological environment and optimizing the pattern of territorial space development and protection, it guards the gateway and holds the bottom line for high-quality development.

高水平保护是高质量发展的重要支撑。高水平保护从生态系统整体性和流域系统性出发，着力解决头痛医头、脚痛医脚，各管一摊、相互掣肘的问题。一方面，高水平保护拓宽绿水青山转化为金山银山的路径，推进生态产业化和产业生态化。通过完善生态产品价值实现机制和横向生态保护补偿机制，加快绿色科技创新和先进绿色技术推广应用，打造高效生态绿色产业集群，让生态优势源源不断转化为发展优势。另一方面，落实好“大保护”的要求，高水平保护把重点生态区治理放在突出位置，通过生态环境分区管控、优化国土空间开发保护格局等举措，为高质量发展把住关口、守好底线。

07 Building an Independent Knowledge System for Chinese Philosophy and Social Sciences

07 构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系

The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party [17]17 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in July 2024. It focused on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese-path modernization. emphasizes “building an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences” as an important task for perfecting the ideological work responsibility system, stating: “Innovate the Marxist theory research and development project, implement the philosophy and social sciences innovation project, and build an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences.” In November 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping made important instructions on the Marxist theory research and development project for the new era, emphasizing accelerating the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. From “building” to “accelerating the building,” the urgency leaps out. How to accelerate the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences?

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》把“构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系”作为完善意识形态工作责任制的重要任务来强调，指出：“创新马克思主义理论研究和建设工程，实施哲学社会科学创新工程，构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系。”2024年11月，习近平总书记对新时代马克思主义理论研究和建设工程作出重要指示，强调加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系。从构建到加快构建，迫切性跃然而出。如何加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系？

Adhere to and apply the Marxist worldview and methodology, especially the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Adhering to the guidance of Marxism is the fundamental hallmark that distinguishes contemporary Chinese philosophy and social sciences from other philosophy and social sciences, and accelerating the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences must also consistently adhere to Marxism. Only when people possess a correct worldview and methodology can they better observe and explain various phenomena occurring in nature, human society, and human thinking, can they summarize historical experience and reveal the laws contained therein, and can they build and perfect an independent knowledge system. In contemporary China, the key to accelerating the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences lies in taking Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guide, applying the worldview and methodology contained within it, summarizing the laws of the development of philosophy and social sciences and the laws of the development of each discipline, and thereby constructing an independent knowledge system.

坚持和运用好马克思主义世界观和方法论，特别是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论。坚持以马克思主义为指导，是当代中国哲学社会科学区别于其他哲学社会科学的根本标志，加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系也必须始终坚持好马克思主义。人们必须有了正确的世界观、方法论，才能更好地观察和解释自然界、人类社会、人类思维发生的各种现象，才能总结历史经验，揭示蕴含在其中的规律性，才能构建和完善自主知识体系。在当代中国，加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的关键在于以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，运用好蕴含其中的世界观和方法论，总结好哲学社会科学发展的规律、各门学科发展的规律，从而构建出自主知识体系。

Adhere to the Two Integrations, especially the Second Integration, so that the results of the integration become the foundation for accelerating the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Two Integrations are our greatest magic weapon for achieving success.” Undoubtedly, this is also the magic weapon for building an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Adhering to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities, the Party’s theoretical innovation is full of vitality, and Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times has continuously achieved new leaps. Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of the “Three Represents,” the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era have become the soul of building an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. Adhering to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture, allowing the new culture formed through “integration” to become the cultural form of Chinese-path modernization, this is the cultural foundation for building an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences. The Second Integration is another ideological emancipation, allowing us to, within a broader cultural space, fully utilize the precious resources of the best of traditional Chinese culture, employ the Chinese people’s views on the universe, the world, society, and morality, and explore an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences oriented toward the future.

坚持“两个结合”特别是坚持“第二个结合”，使结合的成果成为加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的根基。习近平总书记指出：“两个结合”是我们取得成功的最大法宝。无疑，这也是构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的法宝。坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合，党的理论创新生机勃勃，中国化时代化马克思主义不断出现新飞跃，毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想成为了构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的灵魂。坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合，让经由“结合”而形成的新文化成为中国式现代化的文化形态，这是构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系的文化基础。“第二个结合”是又一次的思想解放，让我们能够在更广阔的文化空间中，充分运用中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源，运用中国人的宇宙观、天下观、社会观、道德观，探索面向未来的中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系。

Take China as the reference and the times as the reference, answer the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, and advance knowledge innovation, theoretical innovation, and methodological innovation. First, base oneself on China’s actual conditions and solve China’s problems. The construction of any independent knowledge system is the result of the needs of national and ethnic development. Look at the thinkers of the Axial Age, look at the thinkers of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, look at the thinkers of the Renaissance… none of them did not take solving national development and ethnic progress as the prerequisite for constructing their own thought systems. Today, as we accelerate the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences, we must deeply study the basic issues of Chinese-path modernization, the major issues of promoting high-quality development, the core issues of building a high-level socialist market economy system, the unique difficulties of Party building, the urgent problems of the people, the fundamental issues of national security, and so on. The answers to these questions are precisely the key to constructing an independent knowledge system. Second, embrace the world with a broad mind and respond to the challenges of humanity. The independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences is not a system isolated from the great path of human civilization, but is built on the basis of the sum total of human knowledge. We must absorb and draw lessons from all outstanding achievements of human civilization, promote the common values of all humanity of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom, and courageously answer world-class questions.

以中国为观照、以时代为观照，回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，推进知识创新、理论创新、方法创新。首先立足中国实际，解决中国问题。任何自主知识体系的构建都是国家与民族发展的需要的结果。看看轴心时代的思想家们、看看春秋战国时代的思想家们、看看文艺复兴时期的思想家们……无一不是把解决国家发展、民族进步作为自己构建思想体系的前提。今天，我们加快构建中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系，就要深入研究中国式现代化的基本问题、推进高质量发展的重大问题、构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的核心问题、党的建设的独有难题、人民群众的急难愁盼问题、国家安全的根本问题，等等。对这些问题的回答恰恰是自主知识体系构建的关键。其次要胸怀天下、回应人类难题。中国哲学社会科学自主知识体系不是孤立于人类文明大道之外的体系，而是建立在人类知识总和基础之上的。我们要吸收借鉴一切人类优秀文明成果，弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，勇于回答世界级难题。

08 The Five Musts for Proper Coordination

08 五个必须统筹好

The 2017 Central Economic Work Conference first put forward Xi Jinping’s economic thought for socialism with Chinese characteristics in a new era and explained its core connotations with the “seven upholdings.” Since the 19th and 20th National Congresses of the CPC, the Central Economic Work Conference has used the “five fundamentals,” the “four musts,” the “six upholdings,” and the “five musts” to continuously deepen the understanding of the laws governing economic work in the New Era. The “five musts for balancing” proposed at the 2024 Central Economic Work Conference represent an enrichment and development of Xi Jinping’s economic thought and a further deepening of the understanding of the laws governing economic work since the New Era. In terms of methodology, the “five musts for balancing” adhere to a systems perspective, apply materialist dialectics, and scientifically answer a series of major issues in economic work. In terms of core content, the “five musts for balancing” focus on five major relationships in economic work in the New Era, are based on fundamental national conditions and development needs, consistently adhere to the principles of systematicity, holism, and synergy, and provide a law-based summary of the basic guidelines for economic work. In terms of evolutionary logic, the “five musts for balancing” are a summary, condensation, and deepening development of the laws of economic work since the 20th National Congress of the CPC, demonstrating the theoretical characteristic of continuous development with practice, and possess strong political, ideological, strategic, and guiding significance.

2017年中央经济工作会议首次提出习近平新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想，并用“七个坚持”阐释其核心内涵。党的十九大、党的二十大以来，中央经济工作会议又用“五个根本”“四个必须”“六个坚持”和“五个必须”等，不断深化对新时代做好经济工作的规律性认识。2024年中央经济工作会议提出的“五个必须统筹好”是对习近平经济思想的丰富和发展，是对新时代以来经济工作规律性认识的进一步深化。在方法论上，“五个必须统筹好”坚持了系统观念，运用了唯物辩证法，科学解答了经济工作中的一系列重大问题。在核心内容上，“五个必须统筹好”聚焦新时代经济工作中的五大关系，立足基本国情和发展需要，始终坚持系统性、整体性、协同性原则，对经济工作的基本遵循进行了规律性概括。在演进逻辑上，“五个必须统筹好”是党的二十大以来经济工作规律的总结凝练和深化发展，彰显了随实践发展而不断发展的理论特性，具有极强的政治性、思想性、战略性和指导性。

The “five musts for balancing” are the basic requirements for promoting high-quality economic development. The 20th National Congress of the CPC clearly stated: “High-quality development is the primary task in building a modern socialist country in all respects.” [18]18 "Grow teeth and have thorns" (长牙带刺) is a vivid metaphor used in Chinese political discourse to describe financial regulation that is tough, sharp, and capable of inflicting real consequences on violators, leaving no room for evasion or soft enforcement. Centered on this primary task, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC made specific arrangements, focusing on further deepening reform comprehensively to promote high-quality economic development. Fundamentally, the “five musts for balancing” are the basic requirements for implementing this series of task deployments. We must balance the relationship between an effective market and a competent government to form an economic order that is both “lively” and “controllable.” We must give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation and better leverage the government’s role in macroeconomic management, providing public services, and maintaining market order, forming a situation where government and market complement each other and their respective advantages and strengths are fully demonstrated. We must balance the relationship between aggregate supply and aggregate demand to smooth the circulation of the national economy. To achieve high-quality economic development, we need both demand-side management to address aggregate issues and supply-side management to address structural issues. We must balance the relationship between cultivating new drivers and upgrading old drivers to develop new quality productive forces according to local conditions. We must vigorously develop new quality productive forces represented by industries such as intelligent robots, biotechnology, and new energy, cultivate new economic growth points, form new development drivers, and also accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing. We must balance the relationship between optimizing increments and revitalizing stock to comprehensively improve resource allocation efficiency. High-quality economic development requires both rapidly cultivating increments in emerging industries and resolving the stock of some traditional industries. We cannot simply adopt a “one-size-fits-all” approach to reform; we must first establish the new before abolishing the old, advance steadily, and prevent serious social problems. We must balance the relationship between improving quality and expanding aggregate quantity to consolidate the material foundation of Chinese-path modernization. High-quality economic development requires both effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth. Qualitative improvement is a slow, long-term process of persistence, requiring both gradual progress and sustained effort; quantitative growth must be controlled within a certain range, neither too high nor too low.

“五个必须统筹好”是推动经济高质量发展的基本要求。党的二十大明确提出：“高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。”围绕这一首要任务，党的二十届三中全会作出具体部署，着力通过进一步全面深化改革，推动经济高质量发展。从根本上讲，“五个必须统筹好”是贯彻落实这一系列任务部署的基本要求。必须统筹好有效市场和有为政府的关系，形成既“放得活”又“管得住”的经济秩序。我们要充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府在宏观经济管理、提供公共服务、维护市场秩序等方面的作用，形成政府与市场良性互补、各自优势和长处充分展现的局面。必须统筹好总供给和总需求的关系，畅通国民经济循环。实现经济高质量发展，既需要进行需求侧管理，解决总量性问题，也需要进行供给侧管理，解决结构性问题。必须统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系，因地制宜发展新质生产力。我们既要大力发展以智能机器人、生物技术、新能源等产业为代表的新质生产力，培育新的经济增长点，形成发展新动能，也要加速推动传统制造业转型升级。必须统筹好做优增量和盘活存量的关系，全面提高资源配置效率。经济高质量发展既需要快速培育新兴产业增量，也需要化解一部分传统产业存量。我们不能简单采取“一刀切”的办法进行改革，要先立后破，稳步推进，防止出现严重的社会性问题。必须统筹好提升质量和做大总量的关系，夯实中国式现代化的物质基础。经济高质量发展既要有质的有效提升，也要有量的合理增长。质的提升是一个缓慢的长期坚持的过程，既要循序渐进，又要持之以恒；量的增长要控制在一个度内，既不能太高也不能太低。

The “five musts for balancing” are both interconnected and have their own emphases, covering both macro and micro issues, involving both aggregate and structure, forming a logically rigorous, dialectically unified organic whole. Balancing the relationship between an effective market and a competent government is to solve the problem of resource allocation, preventing both market failure and government failure. Balancing the relationship between aggregate supply and aggregate demand is to solve the problem of supply-demand balance, preventing both aggregate imbalance and structural mismatch. Balancing the relationship between cultivating new drivers and upgrading old drivers is to solve the problem of economic development momentum, preventing both overly aggressive support and excessively large adjustment amplitude. Balancing the relationship between optimizing increments and revitalizing stock is to solve the problem of efficiency improvement, preventing both serious social problems and resource waste. Balancing the relationship between improving quality and expanding aggregate quantity is to solve the problem of the material foundation, preventing both severe damage to the ecological environment and a serious economic downturn.

“五个必须统筹好”既相互联系又各有侧重，既有宏观问题也有微观问题，既涉及总量也涉及结构，构成一个逻辑严密、辩证统一的有机整体。必须统筹好有效市场和有为政府的关系，是为了解决资源配置问题，既要防止市场失灵，也要防止政府失灵。必须统筹好总供给和总需求的关系，是为了解决供需平衡问题，既要防止总量失衡，也要防止结构错配。必须统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系，是为了解决经济发展动力问题，既要防止支持力度过猛，也要防止调整幅度过大。必须统筹好做优增量和盘活存量的关系，是为了解决效率提升问题，既要防止出现严重社会性问题，也要防止出现资源浪费现象。必须统筹好提升质量和做大总量的关系，是为了解决物质基础问题，既要防止生态环境遭到严重破坏，也要防止经济出现严重下滑。

09 Unswervingly Follow the Path of Financial Development with Chinese Characteristics

09 坚定不移走中国特色金融发展之路

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has strengthened comprehensive leadership and overall planning of financial work, promoting new major achievements in the development of the financial industry and effectively supporting the overall situation of economic and social development. In October 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the Central Financial Work Conference, which, from the height of history and the era, comprehensively summarized the theoretical developments and practical achievements in financial work since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, and for the first time systematically expounded the basic essentials of the path of financial development with Chinese characteristics and the main connotations of the modern financial system with Chinese characteristics. On January 16, 2024, at the opening ceremony of a special seminar on promoting high-quality financial development for principal leading cadres at the provincial and ministerial levels, General Secretary Xi Jinping, from the strategic height of the overall

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央加强对金融工作的全面领导和统筹谋划，推动金融事业发展取得新的重大成就，有力支撑经济社会发展大局。2023年10月，习近平总书记在中央金融工作会议上发表的重要讲话，站在历史和时代的高度，全面总结党的十八大以来金融理论发展和实践成果，首次系统阐述中国特色金融发展之路的基本要义和中国特色现代金融体系的主要内涵。2024年1月16日，习近平总书记在省部级主要领导干部推动金融高质量发展专题研讨班开班式上，从党和国家事业发展全局战略高度，深刻阐述推动我国金融高质量发展的一系列重大理论和实践问题，指出“中国特色金融发展之路既遵循现代金融发展的客观规律，更具有适合我国国情的鲜明特色，与西方金融模式有本质区别”，具有很强的政治性、理论性、针对性、指导性，我们要深刻认识中国特色金融发展之路的重大意义，全面理解中国特色金融发展之路的基本要义，坚定不移走中国特色金融发展之路。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has made a concise summary of the path of financial development with Chinese characteristics by means of the "eight upholds": upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over financial work, upholding a people-centered value orientation, upholding the principle that financial services serve the real economy as a fundamental purpose, upholding the prevention and control of risks as an eternal theme of financial work, upholding the promotion of financial innovation and development along the track of marketization and the rule of law, upholding the deepening of financial supply-side structural reform, upholding the coordination of financial opening up and security, and upholding the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. These "eight upholds" clarify how financial work should be viewed and conducted in the New Era and the new journey, forming an organic whole that embodies the basic positions, viewpoints, and methods of the path of financial development with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping has also pointed out, through the "six strengths" — possessing a strong currency, a strong central bank, strong financial institutions, a strong international financial center, strong financial regulation, and a strong contingent of financial talent — that a financial power must be equipped with a series of key core financial elements. At the same time, he has systematically elaborated that accelerating the construction of a modern financial system with Chinese characteristics requires establishing and perfecting a scientific and stable financial regulation and control system, a rationally structured financial market system, a division-of-labor and collaborative financial institution system, a complete and effective financial regulatory system, a diversified and specialized financial product and service system, and an autonomous, controllable, safe, and efficient financial infrastructure system. This points out the target direction and practical path for China to move from a large financial country to a financial power.

习近平总书记以坚持党中央对金融工作的集中统一领导，坚持以人民为中心的价值取向，坚持把金融服务实体经济作为根本宗旨，坚持把防控风险作为金融工作的永恒主题，坚持在市场化法治化轨道上推进金融创新发展，坚持深化金融供给侧结构性改革，坚持统筹金融开放和安全，坚持稳中求进工作总基调“八个坚持”对中国特色金融发展之路作出精辟概括，明确了新时代新征程金融工作怎么看、怎么干，是体现中国特色金融发展之路基本立场、观点、方法的有机整体。习近平总书记以拥有强大的货币、强大的中央银行、强大的金融机构、强大的国际金融中心、强大的金融监管、强大的金融人才队伍“六个强大”指明金融强国要具备一系列关键核心金融要素，同时系统阐述加快构建中国特色现代金融体系需要建立健全科学稳健的金融调控体系、结构合理的金融市场体系、分工协作的金融机构体系、完备有效的金融监管体系、多样化专业性的金融产品和服务体系、自主可控安全高效的金融基础设施体系，为我国由金融大国迈向金融强国指明了目标方向和实践路径。

To unswervingly follow the path of financial development with Chinese characteristics, efforts must be focused on preventing and defusing financial risks, especially systemic risks: financial regulation must "grow teeth and have thorns," with clear edges and corners [18]18 "Grow teeth and have thorns" (长牙带刺) is a vivid metaphor used in Chinese political discourse to describe financial regulation that is tough, sharp, and capable of inflicting real consequences on violators, leaving no room for evasion or soft enforcement.; the key lies in financial regulatory departments and industry competent authorities clarifying their responsibilities and strengthening coordination and cooperation; in the process of risk disposal, corruption must be resolutely punished and moral hazard strictly prevented; regulatory coordination must be strengthened, and a risk disposal responsibility mechanism with consistent powers and responsibilities must be improved; financial crimes must be severely cracked down upon.

坚定不移走中国特色金融发展之路，要着力防范化解金融风险特别是系统性风险：金融监管要“长牙带刺”、有棱有角，关键在于金融监管部门和行业主管部门要明确责任，加强协作配合；风险处置过程中要坚决惩治腐败，严防道德风险；要加强监管协同，健全权责一致的风险处置责任机制；严厉打击金融犯罪。

To unswervingly follow the path of financial development with Chinese characteristics, it is necessary to expand opening up to the outside world, improve the efficiency and capacity of China’s financial resource allocation, enhance international competitiveness and rule influence, and steadily and prudently grasp the pace and intensity: we must focus on institutional opening up as the key to advancing high-level financial opening up; we must strengthen the interconnection of domestic and foreign financial markets, enhance the convenience of cross-border investment and financing, and actively participate in international financial regulatory reform; we must hold the bottom line of financial security under open conditions.

坚定不移走中国特色金融发展之路，要通过扩大对外开放，提高我国金融资源配置效率和能力，增强国际竞争力和规则影响力，稳慎把握好节奏和力度：要以制度型开放为重点推进金融高水平对外开放；要加强境内外金融市场互联互通，提升跨境投融资便利化水平，积极参与国际金融监管改革；要守住开放条件下的金融安全底线。

On the basis of the Central Financial Work Conference’s proposal to “vigorously promote fine traditional Chinese culture in the financial system,” General Secretary Xi Jinping further proposed that we must combine the rule of law and the rule of virtue, actively cultivate a financial culture with Chinese characteristics, and achieve the following: be honest and trustworthy, not cross the bottom line; pursue righteousness in taking profit, not be solely profit-driven; be steady and prudent, not seek quick success; uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, not deviate from the real economy to the virtual; act in accordance with law and regulations, not act recklessly. This lays the cultural foundation for promoting high-quality development of finance and building a financial power.

在中央金融工作会议提出“要在金融系统大力弘扬中华优秀传统文化”基础上，习近平总书记进一步提出，要坚持法治和德治相结合，积极培育中国特色金融文化，做到：诚实守信，不逾越底线；以义取利，不唯利是图；稳健审慎，不急功近利；守正创新，不脱实向虚；依法合规，不胡作非为。这为推动金融高质量发展、建设金融强国夯实文化之基。

10. Unilateral Opening Up

10 单边开放

The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization,” reviewed and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, proposed “expanding autonomous opening up” and “expanding unilateral opening up to the least developed countries.” The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference proposed orderly expanding autonomous opening up and unilateral opening up. Autonomous opening up and unilateral opening up are both important forms of China’s proactive opening up to the world. They are an inevitable choice for China to win the initiative in economic development and international competition through proactive opening up, and they are also concrete actions to continuously provide new opportunities for the world with China’s new development.

党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》提出“扩大自主开放”“扩大对最不发达国家单边开放”。2024年中央经济工作会议提出，有序扩大自主开放和单边开放。自主开放和单边开放都是我国主动向世界开放的重要形式，是我国以对外开放的主动赢得经济发展主动、国际竞争主动的必然选择，也是不断以中国新发展为世界提供新机遇的实际行动。

Expanding autonomous opening up and unilateral opening up to the least developed countries is a new requirement of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the proposal and advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative, pilot free trade zones, and the China International Import Expo have all been important measures for China to expand autonomous opening up. In the current and future period, we should further relax market access and orderly expand China’s opening up of commodity markets, service markets, capital markets, and labor markets. Expanding unilateral opening up to the least developed countries responds to the strong desire of the Global South for equality and change.

扩大自主开放和对最不发达国家单边开放，是党的二十届三中全会的新要求。党的十八大以来，共建“一带一路”倡议、自贸试验区和进博会的提出和推进，都是中国扩大自主开放的重要举措。当前和今后一个时期，应进一步放宽市场准入，有序扩大我国商品市场、服务市场、资本市场、劳务市场等对外开放。扩大对最不发达国家单边开放，回应了全球南方求平等、促变革的强烈意愿。

Unilateral opening up, as opposed to reciprocal opening up, mutually beneficial opening up, and treaty-based opening up, means that a country or economy unilaterally and proactively expands opening up to the other party, regardless of whether the other party opens up to it. It is therefore characterized by not seeking reciprocal opening up, being largely free from agreement constraints, and not violating existing rules.

单边开放与对等开放、互惠开放、条约开放相对应，是指无论对方是否对自己开放，一国或经济体都单方面、主动向对方扩大开放，因而具有不寻求对应开放、基本不受协议约束、不违反现行规则的特点。

Expanding unilateral opening up, from China’s perspective, helps empower the optimization of the global layout of industrial and supply chains, better drives and leads the domestic and international dual circulation, and accelerates the construction of a new development pattern; from the perspective of the target of opening up, it helps achieve mutual cooperation, win-win outcomes, and common development and progress by continuously promoting the integration of interests with relevant countries and regions. From a short-term perspective, it helps empower a new round of globalization, making the greatest possible joint effort to offset anti-globalization forces; from a long-term perspective, it helps empower the joint construction of the Belt and Road, creating new conditions and a new environment for the healthy development of the global economy, and promoting the reshaping of the future global trade landscape.

扩大单边开放，从中国看，有助于为优化产业链供应链的全球布局赋能，更好带动和引领国内国际双循环，加快构建新发展格局；从开放对象看，有助于在持续推进加大同相关国家和地区利益融合中，实现共同合作共赢和共同发展进步。从近期看，有助于为新一轮全球化赋能，以尽最大努力共同抵消逆全球化力量；从长远看，有助于为携手共建“一带一路”赋能，创造全球经济健康发展新条件新环境，推动未来全球贸易格局重塑。

However, unilateral opening up is by no means unilateralism; it is an inevitable requirement for a responsible major country to lead inclusive development in the world. As the world’s second-largest economy, China’s unilateral opening up and unilateral granting of preferences to the least developed countries can help them better integrate into the international market, achieve common development, and also demonstrate China’s image as a responsible major country.

但是，单边开放决不是搞单边主义，而是一个负责任大国引领世界普惠包容发展的必然要求。作为世界第二大经济体，我国对最不发达国家单边开放、单边给惠，可帮助其更好融入国际市场，实现共同发展，也彰显了我国负责任大国形象。

Expanding unilateral opening up is an urgent need and an important driving force for China to cope with the complex and volatile international environment and achieve high-quality economic development. Unilateral opening up helps a country integrate global resource factors at the international level, attract and gather high-quality global factors, and better bring together many high-quality resources such as capital, technology, markets, and raw materials necessary for its development. At present, the changes unseen in a century are accelerating, with more and more uncertain and complex factors. World trade and the world economy face severe challenges and many difficulties. China’s clear proposal and implementation of a unilateral opening up policy is not only China’s role as the greatest stabilizer in such a turbulent world, using China’s certainty to overcome the world’s uncertainty, but also an inevitable requirement for promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and winning strategic initiative in the increasingly fierce international competition. It is also a strategic measure for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing high-level opening up at present.

扩大单边开放，是我国应对纷繁复杂国际环境，实现经济高质量发展的迫切需要和重要动力。单边开放，有助于一个国家在国际层面统合全球的资源要素，吸引集聚全球的优质要素，推动其发展所必需的资金、技术、市场、原材料等诸多优质资源更好地汇聚。当前世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，不确定性复杂性因素越来越多，世界贸易、世界经济面临严峻挑战和诸多困难，中国明确提出并实施单边开放政策，既是中国在这样一个动荡世界中发挥最大稳定器的作用，以中国的确定性克服世界的不确定性，也是推动构建人类命运共同体、在日趋激烈的国际竞争中赢得战略主动的必然要求，更是当下进一步全面深化改革、推进高水平对外开放的战略举措。

Expanding unilateral opening up is an inherent need for China to further expand autonomous opening up. In the written speech delivered at the 2024 APEC CEO Summit and the 2024 Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized autonomous opening up and unilateral opening up together. The prerequisite for unilateral opening up must be autonomous opening up, and autonomous opening up and unilateral opening up should form an integral whole. Unilateral opening up and autonomous opening up are not simply responding to the demands of other countries, nor passively accepting their conditions. Expanding unilateral opening up is not without principles; the fields and degree of opening up must be independently decided and precisely promoted according to China’s own development needs.

扩大单边开放，是我国进一步扩大自主开放的内在需要。在2024年亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会发表的书面演讲和2024年中央经济工作会议上，习近平总书记都是把自主开放和单边开放放在一起强调。单边开放的前提必须是自主开放，并且自主开放和单边开放应当是一个整体。单边开放和自主开放并不是简单地响应他国的要求，也非被动接受他国的条件，扩大单边开放不是无原则的，开放的领域和程度须依中国自身发展需要自主决定、精准推动。