Theoretical Connotations and Contemporary Value – Party Committee of the China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Academy

Strengthening Party discipline building is an important component of the Party’s self-revolution, an important pathway for solving the unique challenges facing a large party, and an important guarantee for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation. Mao Zedong scientifically applied the basic principles of Marxism, integrated them with the concrete realities of China’s revolution and construction, and through arduous exploration formed his thought on Party discipline building. Strengthening the Party’s leadership, enforcing strict political discipline, and highlighting ideological education have always been the clear themes of this thought, which, as practice developed, continuously sublimated into new theories and achieved new leaps. Deeply exploring the profound theoretical connotations and contemporary value of Mao Zedong’s thought on Party discipline building, and deepening the application of the practical experience in strengthening discipline building since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, are of great significance for comprehensively strengthening Party discipline building on the new journey and forging a more powerful Marxist ruling party.

加强党的纪律建设，是党的自我革命的重要内容，是破解大党独有难题的重要途径，是强国建设、民族复兴的重要保障。毛泽东科学运用马克思主义基本原理，结合中国革命和建设的具体实际，在艰辛探索中形成了关于党的纪律建设思想。加强党的领导、严明政治纪律、突出思想教育始终是这一思想的鲜明主题，并随着实践发展不断升华为新的理论、实现新的飞跃。深入探究毛泽东关于党的纪律建设思想的深邃理论内涵和时代价值，深化运用党的十八大以来加强纪律建设的实践经验，对于新征程上全面加强党的纪律建设、锻造更加坚强有力的马克思主义执政党具有重要意义。

1 The Generative Logic of Mao Zedong’s Thought on Party Discipline Building

1 毛泽东关于党的纪律建设思想的生成逻辑

Mao Zedong, as the core of the Party’s first generation of central collective leadership, consistently adhered to the attributes of the proletarian party, inherited and innovated Marxist party-building theory, and, in light of China’s practical needs, systematically reflected on strengthening Party discipline building. He formed an important thought on Party discipline building, pioneering our Party’s practice of “establishing rules and emphasizing discipline” in discipline building.

毛泽东作为党的第一代中央领导集体的核心，在领导中国革命和建设的历史进程中，始终秉持对无产阶级政党属性的遵循，对马克思主义建党学说的继承与创新，结合中国现实需要对加强党的纪律建设作了系统思考，形成了关于党的纪律建设的重要思想，开创了我们党“立规矩、讲纪律”的纪律建设实践先河。

Political Root: The Inherent Meaning of the Proletarian Party’s Attributes and Its Original Aspiration and Founding Mission

政治根脉：无产阶级政党属性和初心使命的应有之义

Iron discipline is a unique advantage of the proletarian party and a distinctive feature that distinguishes it from other parties. In the process of founding, leading, and building the proletarian party, Marx, Engels, Lenin, and others pointed out that the proletarian party is a party that seeks the interests of the vast majority of people and has no interests different from those of the entire proletariat. They demanded that in the proletarian party, “discipline must be absolutely maintained, otherwise nothing will be accomplished,” and emphasized the unique advantage of the proletariat’s strict discipline and the distinctive feature that “Party discipline is iron discipline.” Since the Opium War, facing the crisis of “national humiliation, people’s suffering, and civilization’s tarnishing” [1]1 “National humiliation, people’s suffering, and civilization’s tarnishing” (国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘) is a standard CPC formulation summarizing the impact of foreign aggression and internal decay on China from the mid-19th century onward. – a crisis of national subjugation and racial extinction – the CPC bravely raised the banner of national rejuvenation, actively took up Marxism as an advanced ideological weapon, and forged distinctive Party spirit characteristics in the process of integrating with China’s actual national conditions. Mao Zedong, as a great patriot and national hero of modern China, based on the broad perspective of forging a strong, revolutionary Marxist party to achieve national independence and people’s liberation, put forward the political requirements for Party discipline building. To fulfill the task set forth in the Party’s First Program [2]2 The First Program of the CPC was adopted at the First National Congress in 1921. that “the Party’s fundamental political purpose is to carry out social revolution,” Mao emphasized that the Party, as the leader of China’s proletarian revolution, must necessarily enforce strict discipline requirements; otherwise, it would be unable to carry out thorough revolutionary struggle, win the trust and support of the masses, or achieve the revolutionary goals of national independence and people’s liberation. In the Gutian Congress Resolution [3]3 The Gutian Congress Resolution was adopted at the Ninth Party Congress of the Fourth Red Army in December 1929; it emphasized Party building and the political work of the army., Mao specifically emphasized Party discipline in the section on organization, stating that “one of the Party’s disciplines is that the minority is subordinate to the majority,” highlighting the distinctive feature of the unity of organization and discipline in the proletarian party. Subsequently, he summarized “a party with discipline, armed with the theory of Marxism-Leninism, adopting the method of self-criticism, and maintaining close ties with the masses of the people” as one of our Party’s three “main weapons for defeating the enemy,” [4]4 This formulation appears in Mao’s 1949 essay “On the People’s Democratic Dictatorship.” clearly taking Party discipline as an important pathway and content for ensuring the Party’s advanced nature and purity and for cementing the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the masses. This laid an important foundation for our Party to become the world’s largest Marxist ruling party.

铁的纪律是无产阶级政党的独特优势，也是区别于其他政党的显著特征。马克思、恩格斯、列宁等在创立、领导和建设无产阶级政党的过程中指出，无产阶级政党是为绝大多数人谋利益的政党，没有任何同整个无产阶级的利益不同的利益，要求在无产阶级政党中“必须绝对保持党的纪律，否则将一事无成”，并强调无产阶级严明纪律的独特优势以及“党的纪律是铁的纪律”的鲜明特征。鸦片战争以来，面对国家蒙辱、人民蒙难、文明蒙尘的“亡国灭种”危机，中国共产党勇敢扛起民族复兴的伟大旗帜，主动拿起马克思主义这一先进思想武器，在结合中国实际国情的过程中锻造出鲜明党性特征。毛泽东作为近代以来中国伟大的爱国者和民族英雄，立足缔造强大的、具有革命性的马克思主义政党，实现民族独立、人民解放的宏阔视角，提出了党的纪律建设的政治要求。为实现一大党纲提出“党的根本政治目的是实行社会革命”的任务，毛泽东强调，作为中国无产阶级革命领导者的党，必然要严明纪律要求，否则将无法进行彻底的革命斗争，无法赢得群众的信任与支持，更无法实现民族独立和人民解放的革命目标。在古田会议决议中，毛泽东特意在组织问题部分强调党的纪律，指出“党的纪律之一是少数服从多数”，彰显了无产阶级政党组织性与纪律性相统一的鲜明特征。此后，他将“一个有纪律的，有马克思列宁主义的理论武装的，采取自我批评方法的，联系人民群众的党”概括为我们党三件“战胜敌人的主要武器”之一，旗帜鲜明地把党的纪律作为确保党的先进性纯洁性、密切党同人民群众血肉联系的重要途径和内容，奠定了我们党成为世界上最大马克思主义执政党的重要基础。

Theoretical Cornerstone: A Vivid Embodiment of the Sinicization of Marxist Party-Building Theory

理论基石：马克思主义建党学说中国化的生动体现

Marxist party-building theory elaborates in detail on the goals, requirements, pathways, and methods of building a proletarian party from the perspectives of its nature, principles, characteristics, organization, guiding ideology, revolutionary program, and strategy, laying the theoretical foundation for the proletarian party. In the process of leading China’s revolution, the CPC, relying on its scientific theory, tight organization, and strict discipline, stood out from among the many political forces of modern times, ended the situation of Chinese society being “a heap of loose sand,” [5]5 “A heap of loose sand” (一盘散沙) is a traditional Chinese metaphor for disunity, frequently used by early CPC leaders to describe pre-revolutionary Chinese society. and opened a new chapter in China’s revolution. In this practice, Mao Zedong deeply recognized that Party discipline and whether the Party could strengthen discipline building in a timely and effective manner were important foundations and key measures for the Party to strengthen its unity and solidarity, enhance its combat effectiveness and cohesion, and persist in unremitting struggle for its original aspiration and founding mission. He continuously improved the relevant content of Party discipline in light of practice, promoted the Sinicization of Marxist party-building theory, and thereby better guided Party building. In terms of self-building, Mao Zedong inherited and developed the content on discipline in Marxist party-building theory, absorbed and drew lessons from the historical experiences of order and chaos in Chinese history, and creatively put forward a series of ideas and viewpoints on the Party’s self-supervision and the restraint and regulation of power, laying an important ideological foundation for building, revitalizing, and strengthening the Party. For example, he emphasized the fine tradition of criticism and self-criticism, believing that “intra-Party criticism is a weapon for strengthening the Party organization and increasing its fighting capacity”; [6]6 From Mao’s 1929 “On Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party.” he put forward the “Two Musts,” [7]7 The “Two Musts” (两个务必) were put forward by Mao at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee in March 1949: “The comrades must be taught to remain modest, prudent, and free from arrogance and rashness; the comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.” warning the whole Party that “it is necessary to struggle against such decadent ideas within the Party”; [8]8 From Mao’s 1953 “Struggle Against Decadent Bourgeois Ideas.” and he effectively prevented and curbed corruption. At the same time, Mao Zedong valued and initially explored the pathways and methods of Party discipline building. The Party’s discipline inspection and supervision institutions were developed, and systems such as intra-Party supervision gradually became standardized, enriching Marxist party-building theory and providing important support for our Party to “create a political situation in which we have both centralism and democracy, both discipline and freedom.” [9]9 This phrasing is from Mao’s 1957 speech “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People.”

马克思主义建党学说从无产阶级政党的性质、原则、特征、组织、指导思想、革命纲领和策略等方面详细阐释了无产阶级政党建设的目标要求和路径方法，奠定了无产阶级政党的理论基础。中国共产党在领导中国革命的过程中，凭借着科学的理论、严密的组织、严格的纪律，从近代诸多政治力量中脱颖而出，结束了中国社会“一盘散沙”的局面，开创了中国革命的新局面。在这一实践中，毛泽东深刻认识到党的纪律以及党能否及时有效地加强纪律建设，是我们党能否加强团结统一、增强战斗力凝聚力、坚持为初心使命不懈奋斗的重要基础和关键举措，并结合实践不断完善党的纪律相关内容，推动马克思主义建党学说中国化，进而更好指导党的建设。在自身建设上，毛泽东继承发展马克思主义建党学说中关于纪律的内容，吸收借鉴中国历史治乱兴衰的经验教训，创造性地提出了一系列政党自我监督与约束规范权力的思想和观点，为建党、兴党、强党奠定了重要思想基础。例如，强调批评和自我批评的优良传统，认为“党内批评是坚强党的组织、增加党的战斗力的武器”，提出“两个务必”，告诫全党“必须和这种党内的腐化思想作斗争”，有效预防和遏制腐败等。与此同时，毛泽东重视并初步探索了党的纪律建设方法路径，党的纪律监督机构得以发展，党内监督等制度逐步走向规范，丰富了马克思主义建党学说，为我们“造成一个又有集中又有民主，又有纪律又有自由”的无产阶级政党提供了重要支撑。

Practical Necessity: An Inevitable Choice for Solving Prominent Problems in China’s Revolution and Construction

现实之需：解决中国革命和建设中突出问题的必然选择

As the vanguard leading the socialist revolution and building a new society, the proletarian party naturally requires tight organizational discipline and demands that Party building always be compatible with the needs of the development of the social revolutionary cause. The key to solving the prominent problems in China’s revolution and construction lies in: a strong leading core – the proletarian party; effective and efficient Party organization and social mobilization; and a broad mass base. Party discipline building runs through all three, playing a safeguarding role. In maintaining the leading core and authority, Mao Zedong used the lessons of the Paris Commune to warn that “without a unified, centralized, and disciplined Party as the command,” “internal differences of opinion and scattered forces give the enemy an opportunity to exploit; this is the first reason for failure.” [10]10 Mao’s reference to the Paris Commune appears in his 1928 essay “Why Is It That Red Political Power Can Exist in China?” In response to the situation of “a state of indiscipline and anarchy, localism, and guerrilla-ism,” [11]11 This description of problems in the Party and army appears in Mao’s 1948 “On Strengthening the Party Committee System.” he put forward the slogan “strengthen discipline, and the revolution will be invincible,” [12]12 This slogan was issued by Mao in 1948 during the Chinese Civil War. emphasizing the need to uphold the authority of discipline and ensure the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. In terms of Party organization and social mobilization, Mao Zedong used strict discipline to ensure the implementation of the Party’s line, principles, and policies. Facing the grim situation after the failure of the Great Revolution, Mao emphasized the importance of discipline for the Party and the army, initiated the “Three Main Rules of Discipline and Six Points for Attention,” [13]13 The “Three Main Rules of Discipline and Six Points for Attention” (三大纪律、六项注意) were first formulated by Mao for the Red Army in 1928; they were later expanded to “Eight Points for Attention.” led the “vigorous Party purification” [14]14 The “vigorous Party purification” (厉行洗党) refers to the 1928–1929 campaign to purge unreliable elements from the Party in the Jiangxi Soviet area. campaign, and strengthened Party discipline, especially political discipline. At the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, Comrade Mao Zedong put forward the major proposition that “discipline is the guarantee for the implementation of the line,” [15]15 From Mao’s report at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee in October 1938. further strengthening the Party’s unity, solidarity, and centralized leadership. In consolidating the Party’s mass base, Mao Zedong demanded that through good discipline, the Party’s good style and spiritual outlook be demonstrated, and its flesh-and-blood ties with the masses be cemented. He pointed out that “the Party Constitution should indeed fully reflect discipline and creativity, and reflect the mass line,” [16]16 From Mao’s 1956 speech at the Eighth National Congress of the CPC. and demanded that Party members and the Red Army “cannot but enforce stricter discipline than that for ordinary civilians.” [17]17 From Mao’s 1937 essay “The Struggle in the Jinggang Mountains.” In the process of leading the construction of New China, Mao Zedong consistently placed Party discipline building in an important position, focusing on using discipline building to safeguard the people’s position as masters of the country and to ensure the smooth progress of the socialist cause. Mao Zedong’s thought on Party discipline building emerged from the historical development trend of modern China, fully absorbed the basic principles of Marxism, and responded to the risks and challenges on the path of China’s revolution. It not only effectively solved the problems and difficulties faced by the Party but also greatly enriched and expanded the content of discipline building, accumulating valuable experience for Party building, especially discipline building.

无产阶级政党作为领导社会主义革命、建设新社会的先锋队，天然要求具有严密的组织纪律性，要求政党建设始终与社会革命事业发展需要相适应。解决中国革命和建设中的突出问题关键在于：一个坚强的领导核心——无产阶级政党、有力有效的政党组织和社会动员、广阔的人民群众基础。党的纪律建设贯穿三者之中，发挥保障作用。在维护领导核心和权威上，毛泽东用巴黎公社的经验教训告诫，“没有一个统一的集中的有纪律的党作指挥”，“以致内部意见分歧，势力分散，而予敌人以可乘之机，这是失败的第一个原因”，并针对“无纪律无政府状态、地方主义和游击主义”的状况提出“加强纪律性，革命无不胜”，突出强调要维护纪律的权威，确保党中央的集中统一领导。在政党组织和社会动员上，毛泽东通过严格的纪律来确保党的路线方针政策得以贯彻执行。面对大革命失败后严峻形势，毛泽东强调纪律对于党和军队的重要性，开创了“三大纪律、六项注意”，领导“厉行洗党”活动，强化党的纪律尤其是政治纪律。在党的六届六中全会上，毛泽东同志提出“纪律是执行路线的保证”的重大命题，进一步加强党的团结统一和集中领导。在巩固党的群众基础上，毛泽东要求通过良好的纪律展现党的良好作风和精神面貌，密切与人民群众的血肉联系。他指出，“党章确实应当充分体现纪律性和创造性，体现群众路线”，并要求党员和红军“不能不执行比较一般平民更加严格的纪律”。在领导新中国建设的过程中，毛泽东一以贯之把党的纪律建设摆在重要位置，注重通过纪律建设维护人民当家作主地位，保障社会主义事业的顺利推进。毛泽东关于党的纪律建设思想生发于中国近代历史发展潮流之中，充分吸收马克思主义基本原理，因应中国革命道路上的风险挑战，既有效解决了党面临的问题与困境，又极大地丰富和拓展了纪律建设的内容，为党的建设尤其是纪律建设积累了宝贵经验。

2 The Theoretical Connotations of Mao Zedong's Thought on Party Discipline Building

2 毛泽东关于党的纪律建设思想的理论内涵

Mao Zedong’s thought on discipline construction is lofty in conception and rich in connotation, covering all aspects of discipline construction. Regarding the status of discipline construction, it clearly takes discipline as the “guarantee for implementing the line”; regarding the content of discipline construction, it takes the “Four Obediences” as the most important discipline; regarding the method of discipline construction, it cultivates “conscious discipline” by strengthening ideological education; regarding the system of discipline construction, it emphasizes establishing rules and regulations to strengthen the rigid constraints of discipline; regarding the implementation of discipline construction, it achieves an effective combination of strict enforcement of discipline and “learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones and curing the sickness to save the patient.”

毛泽东关于纪律建设的思想立意高远、内涵丰富，覆盖了纪律建设的方方面面。在纪律建设的地位上，明确将纪律作为“执行路线的保证”；在纪律建设的内容上，将“四个服从”作为最重要的纪律；在纪律建设的方法上，通过加强思想教育以培养“自觉的纪律”；在纪律建设的制度上，注重建章立制强化纪律的刚性约束；在纪律建设的执行上，实现从严执纪与“惩前毖后、治病救人”的有效结合。

Taking discipline as the “guarantee for implementing the line” to ensure that “the Party leads everything” and that the people are the masters of the country

将纪律作为“执行路线的保证”，确保“党领导一切”和人民当家作主

In the early days of the Party’s founding, Mao Zedong keenly realized the extreme importance of strengthening Party discipline for the development of the Party’s cause. He strongly endorsed the view expressed by Cai Hesen in their correspondence that “the Party’s organization must be a highly centralized organization, and the Party’s discipline must be iron discipline; only thus can a small number of highly conscious and highly organized members be cultivated to adapt to the era of war and to undertake the great task of transformation.” [18]18 Cai Hesen (1895–1931) was an early leader of the Communist Party of China and a close comrade of Mao Zedong. The quotation is from their correspondence in 1920–1921. In the severe and complex circumstances of the revolutionary era, Mao Zedong deeply recognized the important function of discipline in ensuring the implementation of the Party’s line, principles, and policies, and in strengthening the Party’s leadership. In his report “On the New Stage” at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, [19]19 The Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee was held in September–November 1938 in Yan’an. Mao’s report “On the New Stage” outlined the Party’s tasks in the War of Resistance Against Japan. targeting the phenomena of subjectivism, sectarianism, and others that hindered the Party’s leadership and split Party-mass relations, Mao Zedong for the first time put forward the famous thesis that “discipline is the guarantee for implementing the line,” profoundly elucidating the close connection between Party discipline and the Party’s line. In order to achieve victory in the arduous environment of the total War of Resistance Against Japan and to ensure unified action across all base areas, Mao Zedong, at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee in September 1941, put forward the important thesis that the line is the “kingly way” and discipline is the “hegemonic way.” [20]20 “Kingly way” (王道, wangdao) and “hegemonic way” (霸道, badao) are classical Chinese political concepts. The “kingly way” refers to rule by virtue and moral example; the “hegemonic way” refers to rule by force and coercive law. Mao used them metaphorically to contrast the line (guiding principle) with discipline (enforcement mechanism). As the People’s Liberation Army shifted to the strategic offensive, the rapid development of the revolutionary situation placed higher demands on the Party’s own construction. To overcome the decentralism existing within the Party at that time and to win the final victory of liberating the whole country, Mao Zedong demanded that discipline construction be made the “central link” in implementing the line. This slogan was summarized at the time as “Strengthen discipline, and the revolution will be invincible.” On the basis of a profound summary of the Party’s construction experience during the revolutionary era, Mao Zedong placed discipline in the foremost position, fully reflecting his ideological understanding and practical determination that the more complex the situation the Party faces and the more arduous the tasks it shoulders, the more necessary it is to implement all requirements and deployments through discipline construction.

党创建初期，毛泽东敏锐意识到加强党的纪律在党的事业发展中的极端重要性。他对蔡和森在通信中指出的“党的组织为极集权的组织，党的纪律为铁的纪律，必如此才能养成少数极觉悟极有组织的分子，适应战争时代及担负偌大的改造事业”观点表示极为赞成。在革命年代严峻复杂形势中，毛泽东更是深刻认识到纪律在保证党的路线方针政策执行、加强党的领导等方面的重要功能。在党的六届六中全会《论新阶段》的报告中，针对党内存在的主观主义、宗派主义等妨碍党的领导、割裂党群关系的现象，毛泽东首次提出了“纪律是执行路线的保证”的著名论断，深刻阐明了党的纪律与党的路线之间的紧密关联。为了在全面抗战的艰苦环境中取得胜利，使得各根据地步调一致，毛泽东在1941年9月的中央政治局扩大会议上，提出了路线是“王道”，纪律是“霸道”的重要论断。随着人民解放军转入战略进攻，革命形势迅速发展给党自身的建设也提出了更高要求，为了克服这一时期党内存在的分散主义，夺取解放全国的最终胜利，毛泽东要求将纪律建设作为贯彻路线的“中心一环”，这个口号在当时被概括为“加强纪律性，革命无不胜”。在对革命年代党的建设经验进行深刻总结的基础上，毛泽东将纪律放在最前面的位置，充分体现了毛泽东对于党面临的形势越复杂、肩负的任务越艰巨，就越需要通过纪律建设将各项要求部署贯彻落实到位的思想认识和实践决断。

Taking the “Four Obediences” as the “most important discipline” to uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership

将“四个服从”作为“最重要的纪律”，维护党中央权威和集中统一领导

As early as the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao Zedong, based on the need for victory in military struggle, put forward the “Three Main Rules of Discipline and Six Points for Attention,” [21]21 The “Three Main Rules of Discipline and Six Points for Attention” were first formulated by Mao for the Red Army in 1927–1928. They were later expanded into the “Three Main Rules of Discipline and Eight Points for Attention.” the first of which was “Obey orders in all your actions,” highlighting the conscious action of strengthening the Party’s centralized unity to enhance the Party’s combat effectiveness. After the failure of the Great Revolution, the Gutian Congress [22]22 The Gutian Congress (December 1929) was the Ninth Party Congress of the Fourth Red Army, held in Gutian, Fujian Province. Its resolution, drafted by Mao, addressed ideological and organizational problems in the Red Army. criticized tendencies existing in the Fourth Red Army, such as purely military viewpoints, extreme democratization, and non-organizational viewpoints, with the core being to “eliminate all non-proletarian ideology,” effectively consolidating and strengthening the Party’s leadership. In 1937, Mao Zedong published the article “Combat Liberalism,” systematically criticizing liberalism, decentralism, and other tendencies within the Party, laying a good ideological foundation for strict discipline. In the early period of the total War of Resistance Against Japan, in view of Zhang Guotao’s “setting up another Central Committee” during the Long March and Wang Ming’s serious damage to the Party’s unity and unity in the early period of the War of Resistance, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee in 1938 placed strengthening democratic centralism and tightening Party discipline in a prominent position, clearly putting forward the requirement of the “Four Obediences”: “(1) the individual is subordinate to the organization; (2) the minority is subordinate to the majority; (3) the lower level is subordinate to the higher level; (4) the entire Party is subordinate to the Central Committee,” and pointed out that “whoever destroys Party discipline destroys Party unity.” In 1942, at the opening ceremony of the Central Party School, targeting the problem of independence within the Party, Mao Zedong reiterated the requirement of the “Four Obediences.” In 1945, the Seventh National Congress of the Party gave a more comprehensive explanation of the “Four Obediences” and wrote them into the Party Constitution for the first time. This fully demonstrated the core essence of the Party’s discipline and rules, and was of great significance for upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, and for ensuring the implementation of the Party Central Committee’s various decisions and deployments.

早在秋收起义时，毛泽东就立足于军事斗争胜利的需要，提出了“三大纪律、六项注意”，其中排在第一位的就是“一切行动听指挥”，凸显了通过强化党的集中统一来提升党的战斗力的行动自觉。大革命失败后，古田会议对红四军党内存在的单纯军事观点、极端民主化、非组织观点等倾向进行批评，核心是“肃清一切非无产阶级思想”，有效巩固和加强党的领导。1937年毛泽东发表《反对自由主义》一文，对党内存在的自由主义、分散主义等进行系统批判，为严密纪律奠定良好的思想基础。全面抗战初期，鉴于张国焘在长征途中“另立中央”，王明在抗战初期严重地破坏党的团结统一的行为，1938年六届六中全会把加强民主集中制、严密党的纪律摆在突出位置，明确提出了“四个服从”的要求：“（一）个人服从组织；（二）少数服从多数；（三）下级服从上级；（四）全党服从中央”，并指出“谁破坏了党的纪律，谁就破坏了党的统一”。1942年，在中央党校开学典礼上，针对党内存在闹独立性问题，毛泽东重申了“四个服从”的要求。1945年，党的七大对“四个服从”作了更为全面的阐释并第一次将其写入党章。这充分彰显了党的纪律规矩的核心要义，对于维护党中央权威和集中统一领导、保障党中央各项决策部署落地落实具有重要意义。

Taking ideological education as the “first-class business” and striving to cultivate “conscious discipline”

将思想教育作为“第一等的业务”，着力培养“自觉的纪律”

Mao Zedong pointed out: “Party discipline is coercive; but at the same time, it must be based on the consciousness of Party members and cadres, and must never be one-sided commandism,” putting forward to the entire Party the major proposition of cultivating “conscious discipline.” Taking education as the guide and firmly grasping ideology as the “master switch” is a distinctive feature of Mao Zedong’s strengthening of discipline construction. From the very beginning of leading the Chinese revolution, Mao Zedong attached great importance to the role of ideological education. At the Gutian Congress in 1929, Mao Zedong emphasized that “to conduct intra-Party education in a planned manner and to correct the previous unplanned, laissez-faire state is one of the Party’s important tasks.” To carry out effective intra-Party education, Mao Zedong listed 10 materials and 18 methods for conducting intra-Party education at this congress. The 10 materials included political analysis, discussions of higher leading organs, etc., and the 18 methods covered Party newspapers, training classes, individual conversations, and other means. In February 1942, Mao Zedong clearly stated in his speech at the Political Bureau of the Central Committee: “Among the five major tasks of the Political Bureau, ideology is the first; we must grasp ideology, primarily focusing on cadre education.” This meeting also adopted the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Education for In-Service Cadres,” putting forward many specific requirements for strengthening cadre education. On the basis of focusing on strengthening intra-Party education, Mao Zedong also highlighted the work focus of discipline education. At the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee in 1938, Mao Zedong clearly pointed out: “It is necessary to educate Party members about Party discipline, so that ordinary Party members can abide by discipline and also supervise the Party’s leading figures to abide by discipline together, avoiding the recurrence of the Zhang Guotao incident,” [23]23 Zhang Guotao (1897–1979) was a founding member of the CPC who later broke with the Party. During the Long March (1934–1935), he set up a rival Central Committee and refused to obey the Party Central Committee’s orders. clearly putting forward the proposition of strengthening discipline education in the entire Party at an early stage. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Strengthening Party Spirit,” adopted in July 1941, once again reiterated the need to strengthen discipline education throughout the Party. During the Yan’an Rectification Movement, [24]24 The Yan’an Rectification Movement (1942–1945) was a Party-wide campaign of ideological education and criticism, aimed at correcting subjectivism, sectarianism, and stereotyped Party writing. Mao Zedong specifically recommended that all Party cadres and members read Lenin’s “Left-Wing” Communism: An Infantile Disorder, achieving an effective integration of discipline construction and political theory study. In 1946, Mao Zedong specifically drafted the telegram “Pay Attention to Strengthening Discipline Education in the Troops,” emphasizing that before each collective action of the troops, discipline education must be conducted for all members to ensure that “all commanders and fighters observe political discipline” during the action. Through flexible, diverse, sustained, and in-depth educational activities, our Party deepened the discipline awareness and bottom-line thinking of Party organizations at all levels and Party cadres and members, greatly enhancing the entire Party’s consciousness of observing discipline and rules.

毛泽东指出：“党的纪律是带着强制性的；但同时，它又必须是建立在党员与干部自觉性上面，绝不是片面的命令主义”，向全党提出培养“自觉的纪律”的重大命题。以教育为先导，稳抓思想这一“总开关”，是毛泽东加强纪律建设的鲜明特色。在一开始领导中国革命时，毛泽东就高度重视发挥思想教育的作用。1929年古田会议上，毛泽东强调要“有计划地进行党内教育，纠正过去之无计划的听其自然的状态，是党的重要任务之一”。为了开展有效的党内教育，毛泽东在这次会议上列举了开展党内教育的10种材料和18种方法，10种材料包括了政治分析、上级领导机关的讨论等，18种方法涵盖了党报、训练班、个别谈话等方式。1942年2月，毛泽东在中央政治局的发言中明确指出：“政治局五大业务中以思想为第一位，要抓住思想首先以干部教育为主”。这次会议还通过了《中共中央关于在职干部教育的决定》，对加强干部教育提出许多具体要求。在注重加强党内教育的基础上，毛泽东还着重突出纪律教育这个工作重点。1938年六届六中全会上，毛泽东鲜明指出：“必须对党员进行有关党的纪律的教育，既使一般党员能遵守纪律，又使一般党员能监督党的领袖人物也一起遵守纪律，避免再发生张国焘事件”，在全党较早明确提出加强纪律教育的命题。1941年7月通过的《中共中央关于增强党性的决定》，再次重申要在全党加强纪律教育。延安整风期间，毛泽东专门向全体党员干部推荐阅读列宁的《共产主义运动中的“左派”幼稚病》，实现了纪律建设与政治理论学习的有效融合。1946年毛泽东专门起草了《注意加强部队纪律教育》的电文，强调军队每次集体行动前必须对全体成员进行纪律教育，以保证行动时“一切指战员遵守政治纪律”。我们党通过灵活多样、持续深入的教育活动，深化了各级党组织和党员干部的纪律意识和底线思维，极大提升了全党遵规守纪的自觉性。

Elevating discipline and rules to rigid constraints, and paying attention to correcting problems existing within the Party from an institutional perspective

将纪律、规矩上升为刚性约束，注意从制度上纠正党内存在的问题

Institutional building is the key lever for strengthening discipline building and the solid guarantee for discipline building to exert long-term effects. On the one hand, Mao Zedong emphasized maintaining the authority of discipline by strengthening the construction of Party regulations and institutions. In 1938, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee [25]25 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refers to establishing Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. adopted the “Decision on Rules and Regulations for the Work of the Central Committee” and the “Decision on Rules and Regulations for the Work of Party Committees at All Levels,” which, from the perspective of strengthening centralized unity, emphasized that the entire Party must firmly establish a sense of discipline and rules, and put forward specific requirements for Party members and leading cadres at all levels to abide by discipline. In January 1948, in response to problems of independentism and untimely or inadequate reporting for instructions in some regions, Mao Zedong drafted the “Instruction on Establishing a Reporting System” and strictly enforced its implementation. After the founding of New China, the Party Central Committee issued the “Decision (Draft) of the CPC Central Committee on Strengthening the System of Reporting for Instructions from All Departments of the Central People’s Government System to the Central Committee and Strengthening the Central Committee’s Leadership over Government Work,” pointing out that “henceforth, all major and important policies, plans, and significant matters in government work must be reported to the Central Committee for instructions in advance, and can only be implemented after discussion, decision, or approval by the Central Committee.” The reporting-for-instructions system conformed to the urgent demands placed on the Party by the new situation, clearly embodied the principles and essence of the Party’s democratic centralism, and enabled our Party to rapidly overcome the state of indiscipline and anarchy existing within the Party. On the other hand, Mao Zedong focused on improving disciplinary norms by perfecting the Party’s leadership system. In September 1948, Mao Zedong drafted the decision “On Perfecting the Party Committee System,” putting forward specific requirements for improving the Party committee meeting system, and clearly stating: “The Party committee system is an important Party system that ensures collective leadership and prevents individual monopolization of affairs.” In 1949, at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee [26]26 The Two Upholds (两个维护) refers to upholding Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee., Mao Zedong enumerated twelve specific working methods for Party committees, objectively reflecting the work patterns and characteristics of Party committees. In 1953, the CPC Central Committee launched a struggle against decentralism. Mao Zedong pointed out the need to strictly implement democratic centralism and provided a concise yet profound summary of the relationship between collective leadership of the Party committee and individual responsibility: “Hold great power firmly, delegate small powers; the Party committee decides, all parties implement; in implementation, make decisions without deviating from principles; the Party committee is responsible for work inspection.” Perfecting the Party committee system played an important leading role in promoting the standardization, institutionalization, and proceduralization of discipline building.

制度建设是加强纪律建设的关键抓手，是纪律建设发挥长效的坚实保证。一方面，毛泽东强调通过加强党的法规制度建设维护纪律权威。1938年，六届六中全会通过了《关于中央委员会工作规则与纪律的决定》和《关于各级党部工作规则与纪律的决定》，从加强集中统一的角度出发，强调全党要牢固树立纪律意识与规则意识，对各个层级党员领导干部遵守纪律提出具体要求。1948年1月，针对一些地区存在的独立主义、请示报告不及时、不到位的问题，毛泽东起草了《关于建立报告制度》的指示并严抓执行。新中国成立后，党中央下发《中共中央关于加强中央人民政府系统各部门向中央请示报告制度及加强中央对于政府工作领导的决定（草案）》，指出“今后政府工作中一切主要的和重要的方针、政策、计划和重大事项，均须事先请示中央，并经过中央讨论和决定或批准以后，始得执行”。请示报告制度顺应了新的形势对党提出的迫切要求，鲜明体现了党内民主集中制的原则要义，使我们党得以迅速克服存在于党内的无纪律无政府状态。另一方面，毛泽东注重通过健全党的领导体制完善纪律规范。1948年9月，毛泽东起草了《关于健全党委制》的决定，提出完善党委会议制度的具体要求，并明确指出：“党委制是保证集体领导、防止个人包办的党的重要制度”。1949年，毛泽东在党的七届二中全会上列举了党委会的十二条具体工作方法，客观反映了党委会工作规律与特点。1953年，中共中央开展反对分散主义的斗争，毛泽东指出要严格实行民主集中制，并对党委集体领导和个人负责之间的关系进行了简明而深刻的概括，即“大权独揽，小权分散；党委决定，各方去办；办也有决，不离原则；工作检查，党委有责”。健全党委制为推进纪律建设规范化、制度化、程序化发挥了重要引领作用。

Combining strict enforcement of discipline with “learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones and curing the sickness to save the patient” [27] manifests the clean and honest political essence of Communists.

将严格执纪与“惩前毖后、治病救人”相结合，彰显共产党人清正廉洁的政治本色

The concept of “learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones and curing the sickness to save the patient” was a pioneering initiative of the Chinese Communists, represented by Mao Zedong, in enforcing strict Party discipline. Mao Zedong emphasized that everyone is equal before discipline, that there are no exceptions in enforcing discipline, and he attached importance to increasing the intensity of “punishment.” During the Long March, He Zizhen’s younger brother He Minren [28] entered a local ethnic minority lama temple without authorization and took silver dollars and copper coins from the local people, violating Party discipline. Mao Zedong demanded that the matter be handled according to Party discipline and specifically emphasized that the Red Army must have “iron discipline.” When handling the Huang Kegong case [29], in response to some who argued that he was a meritorious official and could receive a lighter punishment, Mao Zedong stated: “The Communist Party and the Red Army cannot but enforce stricter discipline on their own Party members and Red Army members than on ordinary civilians,” making a classic Communist judgment on the relationship between Party discipline and law. While strictly enforcing discipline, Mao Zedong also focused on unleashing the effect of “cure,” making the Party’s discipline enforcement both “forceful” and “warm.” During the Jinggangshan period, Mao Zedong already demanded that when imposing disciplinary sanctions, the punished person should also be made to recognize their mistake; any practice of punishing without prior education was wrong and must be resolutely opposed. In February 1942, in his speech “Rectify the Party’s Style of Work,” Mao Zedong pointed out, “Our purpose in exposing errors and criticizing shortcomings is like that of a doctor curing a sickness, entirely to save the patient, not to kill him.” After the founding of New China, Mao Zedong further perfected and developed the policy of “learning from past mistakes to avoid future ones and curing the sickness to save the patient.” In 1956, in his “On the Ten Major Relationships,” he first proposed the policy of “observe first, then help,” meaning to see whether the person himself reforms, while the organization should also actively help him. Through continuous enrichment and development, this policy has fully released the normative, guiding, constraining, and punitive functions of discipline, holding significant value for consolidating and developing the Party’s unity and unity, and maintaining the Party’s advanced nature and purity.

“惩前毖后、治病救人”理念，是以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人严明党的纪律的创举。毛泽东强调纪律面前人人平等，执行纪律没有例外，重视加大“惩”的力度。长征途中贺子珍弟弟贺敏仁擅自进入少数民族喇嘛庙，拿了当地民众银元和铜板，违反了党的纪律，毛泽东要求按照党纪处置，并专门强调红军要有“铁的纪律”。在处置黄克功案件的时候，针对一些人提出的其是有功之臣，可以减轻处罚的观点，毛泽东提出：“共产党与红军，对于自己的党员与红军成员不能不执行比较一般平民更加严格的纪律”，作出了共产党人关于纪与法关系的经典论断。在严格执纪的同时，毛泽东还注重发挥“治”的功效，使党的执纪既有“力度”也有“温度”。在井冈山时期毛泽东就要求在给予纪律制裁的时候，也要使被处分的人认识错误，一切不教而诛的做法都是错误的，必须坚决反对。1942年2月，毛泽东在《整顿党的作风》讲话中指出，“我们揭发错误、批评缺点的目的，好像医生治病一样，完全是为了救人，而不是为了把人整死。”新中国成立后，毛泽东进一步完善和发展了“惩前毖后、治病救人”的方针。1956年，他在《论十大关系》中首次提出“一看、二帮”的政策，要看他本人改不改，同时组织也要积极帮助他。经过不断丰富和发展，这一方针充分释放纪律的规范引领和约束惩戒功能，对于巩固和发展党的团结统一、维护党的先进性纯洁性具有重要价值。

3. Contemporary Insights from Mao Zedong’s Thought on Party Discipline Building

3 毛泽东关于党的纪律建设思想的时代启示

Reviewing the century-long journey, our Party, at every historical critical juncture, has placed the enforcement of strict Party discipline in a prominent position, focusing on relying on discipline building to consolidate Party leadership, advance self-revolution, and lead social revolution. On the new journey of the New Era, to comprehensively strengthen Party discipline building, we must deeply summarize the historical experiences of Mao Zedong and other older-generation proletarian revolutionaries in enforcing strict Party discipline, adhere to the guidance

回顾百年征程，我们党每到历史关键节点，都把严明党的纪律摆在突出位置，注重依靠纪律建设巩固党的领导、推进自我革命、引领社会革命。新时代新征程，全面加强党的纪律建设，必须深入总结毛泽东等老一辈无产阶级革命家严明党的纪律的历史经验，坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的二十大精神和党中央决策部署，深化运用新时代加强纪律建设的新鲜经验，推动党的纪律建设系统化、制度化、规范化发展，在新时代全面从严治党中发挥重要作用，为中国式现代化清障护航。

Strengthen ideological guidance, and unswervingly use the latest achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times to guide the Party’s discipline building

强化思想引领，坚持不懈用马克思主义中国化时代化最新成果指导党的纪律建设

The Party’s guiding ideology is the concentrated expression of the integration of Marxist theory with practice, and is the key to applying the Marxist stand, viewpoint, and method, as well as its basic principles, to solving the problems of one’s own country. Hence, it is the hallmark of theoretical innovation. Mao Zedong Thought, in response to the changing historical stages of the Chinese revolution and construction, raised new questions, made new judgments, and guided new practice, achieving the first leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context. On the new journey, the development of the times, the changes in the situation, and the arduousness of the tasks have posed a series of new major issues for comprehensively building a modern socialist country. This requires us to develop Marxism in the interaction between practical innovation and theoretical innovation, to arm the entire Party with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism

党的指导思想是马克思主义理论联系实际的集中表现，是运用马克思主义立场观点方法、基本原理解决本国问题的关键，因而是理论创新的标志。毛泽东思想针对变化着的中国革命和建设历史阶段，提出新问题、作出新论断、指导新实践，实现了马克思主义中国化的第一次飞跃。新征程上，时代之发展、形势之变化、任务之艰巨，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提出了一系列新的重大课题。这就要求我们在实践创新和理论创新的互动中发展马克思主义，用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想这一马克思主义中国化时代化的最新成果武装全党，全面把握以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的使命任务，全面把握新征程上党的纪律建设的形势任务和阶段性特征，坚持自信自立，强化政治引领和理论武装，发扬马克思主义政党纪律严明的光荣传统和独特优势，始终在党中央集中统一领导和党的创新理论指导下加强纪律建设；坚持人民至上，始终站稳人民立场、践行群众路线，用正风肃纪反腐的实际成效密切党同人民群众的血肉联系；坚持问题导向，深刻认识纪律建设的长期性、复杂性、艰巨性，针对部分党组织执行纪律不严格不精准、部分领导干部对党规党纪不上心不掌握等问题精准施治；坚持系统观念，系统地而不是零碎地、整体地而不是局部地、持久地而不是短暂地深化纪律建设，以严明的纪律锻造更加坚强有力的中国式现代化领导力量。

Highlighting political discipline and political rules, ensuring that the entire Party steadfastly upholds the "Two Establishments"[25]25 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refers to establishing Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. and resolutely achieves the "Two Upholds"[26]26 The Two Upholds (两个维护) refers to upholding Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee..

突出政治纪律和政治规矩，确保全党始终坚定拥护“两个确立”、坚决做到“两个维护”

The Party’s history tells us that to govern well our large Party and our large country, it is of utmost importance to ensure the Party’s unity and centralized unity, and it is of utmost importance to uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee. Mao Zedong firmly pointed out that “among the seven spheres – industry, agriculture, commerce, education, the military, government, and the Party – the Party leads everything,” and stressed that “there must be a strong unified leadership of the Central Committee, and there must be a unified national plan and unified national discipline.” The Party’s political discipline directly addresses major issues such as the political line, political direction, political principles, and political viewpoints, and concerns the fundamental nature and development direction of discipline building. Observing the Party’s political discipline inherently contains the political requirement of upholding the Party’s leadership and safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership. Entering the New Era, in the face of severe and complex domestic and international situations, the fundamental reason our Party has been able to overcome a series of risks and challenges and promote historic achievements and historic changes in the cause of the Party and the state lies in the Party’s establishment of Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and the establishment of the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. [27] Embarking on a new journey, the more complex the situation the Party faces and the more arduous the tasks it shoulders, the more it must take the Two Upholds as the highest political principle and fundamental political discipline, continuously improve the institutional mechanisms for the Two Upholds, conscientiously implement democratic centralism, perfect various systems for firmly upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, perfect the implementation mechanisms for the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, so that strict political discipline and political rules are integrated into intra-Party political life, the political ecosystem, and political culture, safeguarding the Party’s unity and solidarity, and ensuring the entire Party advances with unified will, unified action, and coordinated steps.

党的历史告诉我们，要治理好我们这个大党、治理好我们这个大国，保证党的团结和集中统一至关重要，维护党中央权威至关重要。毛泽东坚定指出“工、农、商、学、兵、政、党这七个方面，党是领导一切的”，强调“必须有中央的强有力的统一领导，必须有全国的统一计划和统一纪律”。党的政治纪律直指政治路线、政治方向、政治原则、政治观点等重大问题，事关纪律建设的根本性质和发展方向。遵守党的政治纪律，内含着坚持党的领导、维护党中央权威和集中统一领导的政治要求。进入新时代，面对严峻复杂的国内外形势，我们党之所以能够战胜一系列风险挑战，推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，根本就在于党确立习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位。踏上新征程，党面临的形势越复杂，肩负的任务越艰巨，就越要把“两个维护”作为最高政治原则和根本政治纪律，不断完善“两个维护”制度机制，认真执行民主集中制，健全坚定维护党中央权威和集中统一领导的各项制度，健全党中央重大决策部署落实机制，使严明的政治纪律和政治规矩融入党内政治生活、政治生态、政治文化，维护党的团结统一，确保全党统一意志、统一行动、步调一致前进。

Persist in grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together, driving the entire Party to engrave discipline and rules in the heart.

坚持党性党风党纪一起抓，推动全党把纪律规矩刻印在心

The Party’s discipline is established on the basis of loyalty to the Party, firm conviction, and conscious obedience. During the revolutionary period, Mao Zedong pointed out incisively that poor relations between officers and soldiers and between the military and the people are not a matter of method or technique, but “a problem of fundamental attitude (or fundamental purpose), and this attitude is respect for soldiers and respect for the people.” At the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Party, [28] Mao Zedong emphasized winning the people’s hearts with strict discipline, maintaining the sobriety of “taking an examination” [29] at all times, and achieving the “Two Musts.” [30] After the founding of New China, Mao Zedong further pointed out that leading cadres “who commit bureaucratism and fail to solve the masses’ problems … the masses have the right to remove them.” These discussions remain thought-provoking to this day. Our Party has been struggling for over 100 years and governing for over 70 years; the theoretical level and cognitive ability of Party cadres and members have already achieved considerable progress. It is difficult to say that they are unclear about the political harm of improper conduct and lax discipline; the existence of these problems is by no means merely a matter of incorrect methods or insufficient ability; what plays a decisive role behind them is Party spirit. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly stated that persisting in grasping Party spirit, Party conduct, and Party discipline together is a profound revelation of the regular patterns of Party governance and a scientific summary of the fine traditions formed in the Party’s long-term practice. It is necessary to strengthen the foundation with Party spirit education, transform customs into prevailing practices through rectifying Party conduct, provide guarantees with Party discipline norms, integrate discipline education with Party spirit education and the construction of a clean culture in the New Era, integrate it into the normalization of Party history learning and education and the inheritance of fine traditional Chinese culture, and integrate it into social norms, industry regulations, and family traditions and education, driving the entire Party to keep in mind the “Three Musts,” [31] vigorously promote a pragmatic style, spread a clean style, and cultivate a frugal style, conduct oneself and handle affairs with Party spirit, and engrave discipline and rules in the heart.

党的纪律建立在对党忠诚、信仰坚定和自觉服从的基础上。革命时期，毛泽东曾一针见血地指出，官兵关系和军民关系搞不好，不是方法或技术问题，“是根本态度（或根本宗旨）问题，这态度就是尊重士兵和尊重人民”。党的七届二中全会上，毛泽东强调以严肃的纪律赢得民心，时刻保持“赶考”清醒，做到“两个务必”。新中国成立后，毛泽东进一步指出，领导干部“谁犯了官僚主义，不去解决群众的问题……群众就有理由把他革掉。”这些论述至今仍发人深省。我们党已奋斗100多年、执政70多年，党员干部的理论水平、认知能力早已实现长足进步，对作风不正、纪律松弛的政治危害很难说是认识不清，存在这些问题也绝不仅是方法不对或能力不足，背后起决定性作用的是党性。习近平总书记深刻提出，坚持党性党风党纪一起抓，是对管党治党规律性认识的深刻揭示，是对党长期实践中形成的优良传统的科学概括。要以党性教育强基固本，以党风纠治化风成俗，以党纪规范提供保障，将纪律教育与党性教育、新时代廉洁文化建设相融通，融入常态化党史学习教育、传承中华优秀传统文化之中，融入社会规范、行业规章、家风家教之中，推动全党牢记“三个务必”，大兴务实之风、弘扬清廉之风、养成俭朴之风，以党性立身做事、把纪律规矩刻印在心。

Apply a systematic approach, fully leveraging the fundamental governance function of discipline building within the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.

运用系统观念，在健全全面从严治党体系中充分发挥纪律建设治本功能

Enforcing strict Party discipline and strengthening discipline building is a clear main line running through the Party’s century-long struggle. Whether it was the “Three Major Constructions” of ideology, organization, and conduct formed during the New Democratic Revolution period, or the “Five Major Constructions” of ideology, organization, conduct, anti-corruption and integrity, and institutions gradually formed since reform and opening up, the Party’s discipline and rules have run through all aspects of construction through channels such as regulation, guidance, restraint, and punishment. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has creatively incorporated discipline building into the overall layout of Party building and made it the fundamental strategy for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, opening a new situation in Party discipline building. To implement the general requirements for Party building in the New Era and comprehensively strengthen Party discipline building, it is necessary to promote the integration and coordination of discipline building with various other constructions, prioritize enhancing the political nature of discipline building, deeply recognize that many problems existing in discipline building are political problems at root, related to weak and feeble political construction and unserious intra-Party political life, strengthen the Party’s political leadership through strengthening discipline building, and consolidate the political foundation; guide discipline building with ideological construction, so that understanding rules, observing discipline, and knowing reverence become the conscious cultivation of Party cadres and members, soaked into their bones and integrated into their blood; promote the integration and fusion of organizational construction and discipline building, use strict discipline to boost the construction of the Party’s organizational system and the cadre contingent, and strengthen the organizational concept and discipline awareness of Party cadres and members; promote the alignment of discipline building and conduct building, implement the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee, rectify the “Four Forms of Decadence” [32] with strict adherence to discipline and no compromise, cultivate in Party cadres and members a sense of reverence for discipline and rules through purifying Party conduct and fostering new practices; run institutional building through discipline building, promptly solidify the achievements and experience of discipline building into institutions, elevate them into intra-Party regulations and discipline, safeguard the seriousness and authority of institutions with strict discipline, and achieve the unity of institutional expectations and actual effects.

严明党的纪律、加强纪律建设是贯穿党百年奋斗历程的一条鲜明主线。无论是新民主主义革命时期形成的思想、组织、作风“三大建设”，还是改革开放以来逐渐形成的思想、组织、作风、反腐倡廉、制度“五大建设”，党的纪律规矩都通过规范、引导、约束、惩戒等途径贯穿在各方面建设中。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央创造性地把纪律建设纳入党的建设总体布局、作为全面从严治党的治本之策，开创了党的纪律建设新局面。贯彻新时代党的建设总要求，全面加强党的纪律建设，就要推动纪律建设同各项建设贯通协同，将增强纪律建设的政治性摆在首位，深刻认识纪律建设中存在的很多问题背后都是政治问题，都与政治建设软弱乏力、党内政治生活不严肃有关，通过加强纪律建设加强党的政治领导，夯实政治根基；以思想建设引领纪律建设，使懂规矩、守纪律、知敬畏成为党员干部浸在骨子里、融在血液中的自觉修养；推动组织建设与纪律建设贯通融合，用严明的纪律助推党的组织体系建设和干部队伍建设，强化党员干部组织观念和纪律意识；推动纪律建设和作风建设同向同行，落实中央八项规定精神、纠治“四风”言出纪随、寸步不让，在净党风、树新风中培树党员、干部对纪律规矩的敬畏之心；将制度建设贯穿纪律建设，及时将纪律建设成果经验固化为制度，上升为党规党纪，以严明的纪律维护制度的严肃性和权威性，实现制度预期和实际效果相统一。

Strengthen discipline building with the concept of integrally advancing the “Three Non-Corruptions,” [33] enhancing the comprehensive effect of addressing both symptoms and root causes.

以一体推进“三不腐”理念加强纪律建设，提升标本兼治综合效果

In the process of leading China’s revolution and construction, Mao Zedong not only made incisive theoretical expositions on discipline building but also consistently demanded stricter discipline for Party members in practice, ensuring the Party’s nature as the vanguard of the proletariat and its strong combat effectiveness. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has clearly recognized the still

毛泽东在领导中国革命和建设过程中，不仅从理论上对纪律建设不断作出精辟论述，而且在实践中始终要求对党员执行更为严格的纪律，确保了党的无产阶级先锋队性质和坚强战斗力。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记清晰认识依然严峻复杂的反腐败斗争形势，原创性提出一体推进“三不腐”方针方略，系统阐释“三不腐”的核心要义、内在联系，明确“一体推进”的基本原则、方法策略，推动一体推进“三不腐”理论、实践和制度创新。腐败无不从破纪开始，要以严格的执纪执法增强纪律约束刚性，使党员干部从害怕查处的“不敢”走向敬畏党和人民、敬畏党纪国法的“不敢”；运用“全周期管理”方式，将纪律要求贯穿监督执纪执法工作全周期，贯穿党员、干部育选管用成长全周期，推动“不能”的联动；完善纪律规范制度体系，深化信仰培育和纪法警示教育，将纪律外化为自觉的行动遵循、内化为崇高的精神信仰，实现他律和自律、纪法强制和道德引领的有机统一，增强“不想”的自觉。

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心