Deeply Grasp the Scientific Connotation and Practical Requirements of the Anti-Corruption Path with Chinese Characteristics

General Secretary Xi Jinping, in his important speech at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC, emphasized: “Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has successfully forged an anti-corruption path with Chinese characteristics, under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, that addresses both symptoms and root causes and advances the integrated strategy of ensuring that officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption. We must resolutely continue on this path.” [1]1 "Top leaders" (一把手) refers to the principal leading official in a Party or government organ, enterprise, or institution, who holds primary responsibility and often the most concentrated power, making their supervision a persistent challenge in anti-corruption efforts. This is not only a profound summary of the experience of the anti-corruption struggle in the New Era but also a theoretical elevation of the understanding of the laws governing the anti-corruption struggle. Deeply grasping the scientific connotation and practical requirements of the anti-corruption path with Chinese characteristics holds significant theoretical and practical importance for winning the tough and protracted battle against corruption.

习近平总书记在二十届中央纪委五次全会上发表重要讲话强调：“党的十八大以来，我们党成功走出一条在党中央集中统一领导下，标本兼治、一体推进不敢腐不能腐不想腐的中国特色反腐败之路，要坚定走下去。”这既是对新时代反腐败斗争经验的深刻总结，更是对反腐败斗争规律性认识的理论升华。深刻把握中国特色反腐败之路的科学内涵与实践要求，对于打赢反腐败斗争攻坚战持久战具有重要理论和实践意义。

Upholding and strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental prerequisite and political advantage of the anti-corruption path with Chinese characteristics.

坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导是中国特色反腐败之路的根本前提与政治优势

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must always uphold the Party’s overall leadership and the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, unswervingly advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, deepen the fight against corruption and promote integrity and clean governance, and forever maintain the Party’s advanced nature and purity.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the fundamental reason our Party has been able to successfully forge an anti-corruption path with Chinese characteristics lies in upholding and strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee.

习近平总书记指出：“要始终坚持党的全面领导和党中央集中统一领导，坚定不移全面从严治党，深入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争，永葆党的先进性和纯洁性。”党的十八大以来，我们党之所以能够成功走出一条中国特色反腐败之路，根本原因在于坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导。

The centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee has gathered immense strength for the anti-corruption struggle to achieve an overwhelming victory and consolidate it comprehensively. The Communist Party of China is the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the most reliable backbone of the people of all ethnic groups. The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest strength of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The anti-corruption struggle is highly complex and arduous. Only by upholding and strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee can we transcend partial and short-term considerations and carry out comprehensive, systematic strategic deployments and force integration. The centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee provides a fundamental guarantee and solid foundation for enhancing the Party’s political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social appeal, driving the anti-corruption struggle to effectively break through departmental barriers and entrenched interest barriers, forming a powerful synergy. Reviewing the course of the anti-corruption struggle in the New Era, the fundamental reason why a series of major reforms—such as the integrated deepening of the reform of the Party’s disciplinary inspection system, the reform of the national supervision system, and the reform of disciplinary inspection and supervision institutions; the strengthening of political supervision; the deepening of political inspections; and the promotion of the improvement of the institutional normative system for the Party’s self-revolution—have been able to break the ice and advance lies in the helm-steering of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It is precisely by upholding and strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee that our Party has continuously promoted the systematic integration, synergy, and efficiency of disciplinary inspection and supervision work, transforming the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics into powerful momentum and effectiveness in combating corruption.

党中央集中统一领导为反腐败斗争取得压倒性胜利并全面巩固凝聚磅礴力量。中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，是各族人民最可靠的主心骨。中国共产党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征，是中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势。反腐败斗争具有高度复杂性与艰巨性，只有坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导，才能超越局部和短期考量，进行全局性、系统性的战略部署与力量整合。党中央集中统一领导，为增强党的政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力提供根本保证和坚实依托，推动反腐败斗争有效突破部门壁垒和利益固化藩篱，形成强大合力。回顾新时代反腐败斗争历程，一体深化推进党的纪律检查体制改革、国家监察体制改革、纪检监察机构改革，强化政治监督，深化政治巡视，推动完善党的自我革命制度规范体系等一系列重大改革之所以能破冰前行，根本在于以习近平同志为核心的党中央领航掌舵，在于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引。正是坚持和加强党中央集中统一领导，我们党持续推动纪检监察工作系统集成、协同高效，将中国特色社会主义制度优势转化为反腐败强大势能和效能。

Systematic governance drives the anti-corruption struggle to develop in depth. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “Systematic thinking is a foundational thought and working method.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to systematic thinking, strengthened top-level design and overall planning, taken intra-Party supervision as the lead, promoted the coordination and integration of various types of supervision, and improved a supervision system with unified Party leadership, full coverage, and authoritative and efficient operation. Our Party adheres to addressing both symptoms and root causes and advancing the integrated strategy of “ensuring officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption.” The anti-corruption struggle has been deeply integrated into the overall situation of economic and social development and the overall layout of Party building, achieving coordinated planning of anti-corruption with reform, development, and stability. This powerful capacity for strategic coordination and systematic integration is incomparable to any fragmented or piecemeal supervision model, highlighting the unique advantages and outstanding capabilities of our Party in governing a major Party and a large country.

系统施治推动反腐败斗争向纵深发展。习近平总书记强调：“系统观念是具有基础性的思想和工作方法。”党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持系统观念，加强顶层设计和整体谋划，以党内监督为主导，推动各类监督贯通协调，健全党统一领导、全面覆盖、权威高效的监督体系。我们党坚持标本兼治、一体推进“三不腐”，反腐败斗争深度融入经济社会发展大局和党的建设总体布局，实现了反腐败与改革、发展、稳定的统筹协调。这种强大战略统筹和系统集成能力，是任何分散化、碎片化的监督模式所无法比拟的，彰显了我们党治理大党大国的独特优势和卓越能力。

The integrated advancement of ensuring officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption is the scientific methodology for achieving the treatment of both symptoms and root causes on the anti-corruption path with Chinese characteristics.

一体推进不敢腐不能腐不想腐是中国特色反腐败之路实现标本兼治的科学方法论

Marxist epistemology follows the spiral ascending law of “practice, cognition, re-practice, re-cognition.” General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Reform is driven by problems and deepened in the process of continuously solving problems.” The exploration and formation of the anti-corruption path with Chinese characteristics also reflect this law. “Addressing both symptoms and root causes” is a distinctive feature and important method of the anti-corruption struggle in the New Era. Among them, “treating symptoms” and “treating root causes” advance in coordination, support each other, exert force in the same direction, and complement each other, jointly constituting an important driving force for anti-corruption. Adhering to “addressing both symptoms and root causes” stems from a scientific grasp of the laws governing the anti-corruption struggle. Corruption issues are complex, hidden, and recurrent; relying solely on punishment is difficult to eradicate, and relying solely on prevention can easily lead to laxity and softness. Only by adhering to the treatment of both symptoms and root causes—cutting out the “malignant tumor” of corruption while also clearing the soil that breeds it—can we advance the integrated strategy of ensuring officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption.

马克思主义认识论遵循“实践、认识、再实践、再认识”的螺旋式上升规律。习近平总书记指出：“改革是由问题倒逼而产生，又在不断解决问题中得以深化。”中国特色反腐败之路的探索形成，同样反映了这一规律。“标本兼治”是新时代反腐败斗争的鲜明特点和重要方法。其中，“治标”与“治本”协同推进、相互支撑、同向发力、相辅相成，共同构成反腐败的重要驱动力。坚持“标本兼治”，源于对反腐败斗争规律的科学把握。腐败问题具有复杂性、隐蔽性和反复性，仅靠惩治难以根除，仅靠预防则容易失之于宽、失之于软。唯有坚持标本兼治，既割除腐败“毒瘤”，又清除腐败滋生土壤，才能一体推进不敢腐不能腐不想腐。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has integrated “addressing both symptoms and root causes” throughout the entire process of promoting integrity and clean governance and the anti-corruption struggle. It has used thunderous measures to “treat symptoms,” creating a powerful deterrent, while also focusing on systematic “root cause treatment” by establishing and improving institutional mechanisms and cultivating a culture of integrity to purify the political ecosystem and eradicate the soil for corruption. From “punishing corruption” to “preventing corruption through institutions” to “nourishing the heart through culture,” a complete set of long-term mechanisms for managing the Party and governing it with a high degree of self-purification capacity has been constructed, providing a strong guarantee that the Party will never change its nature, its color, or its flavor. On the anti-corruption path with Chinese characteristics, “integrated advancement” is the key link and important hub for transforming “addressing both symptoms and root causes” from a strategic concept into practical effectiveness. The integrated advancement of ensuring officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption is an interdependent and mutually reinforcing organic whole and systematic project. It is the winning code for achieving an overwhelming victory in the anti-corruption struggle and consolidating it comprehensively, effectively promoting the mutual coordination of policy orientations, mutual promotion in the implementation process, and mutual enhancement of work results among the three aspects.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央将“标本兼治”贯穿党风廉政建设和反腐败工作全过程，既以雷霆手段“治标”，形成强大震慑，又注重系统“治本”，通过建立健全制度机制和涵养廉洁文化，净化政治生态，铲除腐败土壤。从“惩治腐败”到“制度防腐”再到“文化润心”，构建起一整套具有高度自我净化功能的管党治党长效机制，为确保党永远不变质、不变色、不变味提供了坚强保障。在中国特色反腐败之路中，“一体推进”是“标本兼治”从战略构想转化为实践效能的关键环节、重要枢纽。一体推进不敢腐不能腐不想腐，是一个相互依存、相互促进的有机整体和系统工程，是反腐败斗争取得压倒性胜利并全面巩固的制胜密码，能够有效推动不敢腐不能腐不想腐实现政策取向上相互配合、实施过程中相互促进、工作成效上相得益彰。

Holding high the punitive sword of justice provides a powerful deterrent for creating an atmosphere where officials “dare not” engage in corruption. The Communiqué of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China states: “Deepen the rectification of corruption in key areas such as finance, state-owned enterprises, energy, education, associations and societies, development zones, and bidding and tendering; seriously investigate and deal with issues such as collusion between government and business, capital providing protection for power, and capital infiltrating the political sphere.” [2]2 “Supplement their spiritual ‘calcium’” is a metaphor used in CPC political discourse, referring to strengthening ideological conviction and revolutionary will, drawing on the medical understanding that calcium deficiency weakens bones. Facing the severe and complex anti-corruption situation, without thunderous punitive measures, it would be impossible to curb the spread of corruption and win the people’s trust. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with the mission and responsibility of

高悬惩戒利剑，为营造“不敢腐”氛围提供有力威慑。《中国共产党第二十届中央纪律检查委员会第五次全体会议公报》提出：“深化整治金融、国企、能源、教育、学会协会、开发区和招标投标等重点领域腐败，严肃查处政商勾连、权力为资本提供保护、资本向政治领域渗透等问题”。面对严峻复杂的反腐败形势，如果没有雷霆万钧的惩治手段，就难以遏制腐败蔓延势头、赢得人民信任。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央以“得罪千百人、不负十四亿”的使命担当，坚持无禁区、全覆盖、零容忍，坚持重遏制、强高压、长震慑，严肃查处一大批严重违纪违法案件，形成了强大震慑效应。这种持续高压态势，为打赢反腐败斗争提供了强大势能。

Tighten the institutional cage to provide an important lever for building a solid defense against "being unable to be corrupt." While maintaining sustained deterrence, the anti-corruption struggle in the New Era has focused on eradicating the soil that breeds corruption through institutional construction, leaving no place for corrupt practices to hide, thereby continuously consolidating the achievements of "daring not to be corrupt" and laying the foundation for elevating the ideological realm of "not wanting to be corrupt." In leading and advancing the anti-corruption struggle in the New Era, our Party has focused on confining power within the institutional cage, continuously deepened the reform of the national supervision system, and resolved problems that existed in certain departments and fields in the past, such as overly narrow supervision scope, dispersed anti-corruption forces, and poor coordination between Party discipline and state law. At the same time, efforts have been made to enhance institutional implementation capacity, promote scientific authorization, correct exercise of power, and effective checks on power, strengthen "being unable to be corrupt" through enhanced supervision and checks, improve the institutional mechanism that unifies authorization, exercise of power, and checks on power with clarity, transparency, and traceability, and make strenuous efforts to crack the difficult problem of supervising "top leaders" [1]1 "Top leaders" (一把手) refers to the principal leading official in a Party or government organ, enterprise, or institution, who holds primary responsibility and often the most concentrated power, making their supervision a persistent challenge in anti-corruption efforts. and conducting peer supervision... Through these practical explorations, a system of institutions that is complete, scientifically standardized, and effectively operational has been gradually constructed, managing people, affairs, and power through institutions, leaving no place for corrupt practices to hide and no refuge for corrupt elements.

扎紧制度笼子，为筑牢“不能腐”防线提供重要抓手。在持续震慑的同时，新时代反腐败斗争注重通过制度建设铲除滋生腐败现象的土壤，让腐败行为无处遁形，以此不断巩固“不敢腐”成果，为提升“不想腐”的思想境界夯基打底。在领导和推进新时代反腐败斗争中，我们党着眼于把权力关进制度的笼子，持续深化国家监察体制改革，解决了过去一个时期在一些部门、一些领域存在的监察范围过窄、反腐败力量分散、纪法衔接不畅等问题。同时，着力提升制度执行力，推动科学授权、正确用权、有效制权，以加强监督制约强化“不能腐”，健全授权用权制权相统一、清晰透明可追溯的制度机制，下力气破解对“一把手”监督和同级监督难题……通过这些实践探索，逐步构建起系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系，用制度管人管事管权，使腐败行为无处遁形，让腐败分子无处藏身。

Build a solid ideological dam, providing a fundamental strategy for strengthening the ideological consciousness of “not daring to be corrupt.” The enduring effectiveness of institutions depends on people’s inner recognition of them. In the course of exploring and forming the Chinese-path anti-corruption road, our Party has always placed the consolidation of the ideological defense line of “not daring to be corrupt” in an important position, making it a process integrated into daily life and transformed into social custom. In this process, our Party, through continuously carrying out education on ideals and convictions, Party spirit education, and study and education on Party discipline, educates and guides the vast number of Party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, to bear in mind the original aspiration and founding mission and to supplement their spiritual “calcium.” [2]2 “Supplement their spiritual ‘calcium’” is a metaphor used in CPC political discourse, referring to strengthening ideological conviction and revolutionary will, drawing on the medical understanding that calcium deficiency weakens bones. By continuously strengthening the construction of a clean culture, it fosters a social trend of advocating integrity and resisting corruption. It emphasizes the construction of family, tutoring, and family traditions, guiding Party member leading cadres to cultivate themselves, discipline themselves, be honest, and manage their families with integrity.

筑牢思想堤坝，为强化“不想腐”思想自觉提供固本之策。制度的持久效力依赖于人们对制度的内心认同。在探索形成中国特色反腐败之路的历程中，我们党始终将筑牢“不想腐”的思想防线摆在重要位置，并使其成为一个融入日常、化风成俗的过程。在这一过程中，我们党通过持续开展理想信念教育、党性教育、党纪学习教育等，教育引导广大党员干部特别是领导干部牢记初心使命，补足精神之“钙”。通过不断加强廉洁文化建设，营造崇尚廉洁、抵制腐败的社会风尚。注重家庭家教家风建设，引导党员领导干部修身律己、廉洁齐家。

The Internal Logic and Comparative Advantages of the Chinese-Path Anti-Corruption Road

中国特色反腐败之路的内在逻辑与比较优势

Looking at international anti-corruption practices, different countries have formed diverse governance paths based on their respective political traditions and actual conditions. The reason the Chinese-path anti-corruption road is workable and truly effective lies not only in the timeliness of its strategic methods but also, more importantly, in its internal logic and comparative advantages. The Chinese-path anti-corruption road is rooted in Chinese practice, scientifically integrating the Party’s strong leadership, the people-centered fundamental position, and the needs of national development strategy, achieving a deep unity of governance methods, value foundations, and systemic functions.

纵观国际反腐败实践，不同国家依据各自政治传统与现实条件，形成了多样的治理路径。中国特色反腐败之路之所以走得通、真管用，不仅在于其策略方法的与时俱进，更在于其内在逻辑和比较优势。中国特色反腐败之路立足中国实践，将党的坚强领导、以人民为中心的根本立场与国家发展战略需求进行科学整合，实现了治理方式、价值根基、系统功能的深度统一。

Comparative Advantages in Governance Methods: Surpassing Fragmented and Passive Governance. Internationally, how to effectively integrate the strategic authority, implementation capacity, and sustained momentum of anti-corruption is a common challenge. For example, some countries attempt to rely on the internal separation of powers and checks and balances within the administrative system, causing anti-corruption to fall into departmental barriers and the predicament of “insider” protection; others over-rely on external drivers such as public opinion and electoral pressure, often influenced by political party electoral cycles and interest groups, leading to fragmented anti-corruption and short-term effects; and so on. In contrast, the Chinese-path anti-corruption road demonstrates significant advantages in systematically solving corruption problems, which can be understood and grasped from the following aspects. First, it possesses strategic coordination that transcends partial interests. The Chinese-path anti-corruption road can transcend specific administrative levels or partial interest considerations, conducting top-level design and strategic deliberation from the overall situation of the Party and the state’s cause, ensuring that the anti-corruption struggle has a clear direction, consistent pace, and concentrated resources, thereby avoiding the governance friction of multiple policies and mutual constraints. Second, it forms organizational mobilization that breaks through hierarchical barriers. Relying on the principle of democratic centralism and a tight organizational system, the Chinese-path anti-corruption road can efficiently transform the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee into concrete actions at all levels, rapidly forming a powerful joint force against corruption, thereby effectively overcoming the problems of fragmented and dispersed anti-corruption forces. Third, it possesses a strong endogenous driving force. The Chinese-path anti-corruption road originates from the Party’s inherent requirement for self-purification, self-improvement, self-renovation, and self-enhancement, which determines that China’s anti-corruption is a proactive, normal, and forward-looking strategic choice. It is precisely this endogenous driving force, rooted in the construction of the Party’s advanced nature and integrity, that constitutes the strong political determination and enduring historical patience of our Party’s anti-corruption struggle.

治理方式的比较优势：超越分散化与被动性治理。从国际看，如何有效整合反腐败的战略权威、执行能力与持久动力，是一个普遍难题。比如，有的国家试图依赖行政体系内部分权制衡，使得反腐败陷入部门壁垒与“内部人”庇护困境；有的过度依靠社会舆论与选举压力等外部驱动，往往受到政党执政周期与利益集团影响，导致反腐败碎片化、效果短期化；等等。相比之下，中国特色反腐败之路在系统解决腐败问题中彰显了显著优势，这可以从以下几方面理解和把握。一是具有超越局部利益的战略统筹力。中国特色反腐败之路能够超越具体行政层级或局部利益考量，从党和国家事业全局进行顶层设计与战略考量，确保反腐败斗争方向明确、步调一致、资源集中，从而避免了政出多门、相互掣肘的治理内耗。二是形成突破层级壁垒的组织动员力。中国特色反腐败之路依托民主集中制原则和严密的组织体系，能够将党中央决策部署高质高效转化为各级组织的实际行动，迅速形成反腐败强大合力，从而有效克服反腐败力量碎片化、分散化问题。三是具备强大内生驱动力。中国特色反腐败之路源于党的自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高的内在要求，这决定了中国的反腐败是一种主动、常态、前瞻的战略抉择。正是这种植根于政党先进性和纯洁性建设的内生驱动力，构成了我们党反腐败斗争的强大政治定力和持久历史耐心。

People’s Standpoint: Value Foundation and Recognition Advantage Surpassing Instrumental Rationality. In international anti-corruption practice, some countries focus their work on evaluating data targets. Although these technical efforts can bring process improvements, they often gradually deviate from the purpose of enhancing public welfare amidst complex political games, resulting in insufficient public participation, sense of gain, and recognition. In sharp contrast, the Chinese-path anti-corruption road takes “people-centered” as the unshakable value foundation of the anti-corruption struggle, running it through the entire process of policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation, gaining recognition and support from the broad masses of the people. This advantage is specifically manifested in the following characteristics: First, it benefits the broad masses of the people. China’s anti-corruption always adheres to “what the people oppose and hate, we resolutely prevent and correct,” focusing on rectifying unhealthy tendencies and corruption issues around the masses, universally distributing the “dividends” of anti-corruption to the broad masses of the people. Second, it constructs a multi-party and orderly supervisory joint force. The Chinese-path anti-corruption road incorporates mass supervision and public opinion supervision into the Party and state supervision system, conducting orderly integration through institutionalized channels. This effectively absorbs the powerful force of social supervision while ensuring the correct direction of anti-corruption, thereby consolidating a strong joint force against corruption. Third, it insists on taking people’s satisfaction as the testing standard. China takes the “people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security” as the fundamental standard for measuring the effectiveness of anti-corruption. This testing standard makes anti-corruption work directly face people’s livelihoods, respond to people’s needs, and accept people’s evaluation, building the broadest and most solid mass foundation for the anti-corruption struggle.

人民立场：超越工具理性的价值根基与认同优势。在国际反腐败实践中，一些国家将工作重心放在评估数据目标上，这些技术层面的努力虽能带来流程上的改进，却常在复杂的政治博弈中逐渐偏离增进公众福祉这一目的，使得民众在其中的参与度、获得感、认同感不够。与此形成鲜明对照的是，中国特色反腐败之路将“以人民为中心”作为反腐败斗争不可动摇的价值根基，并将其贯穿于政策制定、执行与评价全过程，受到广大人民群众的认同和支持。这种优势具体表现为如下特征：一是惠及广大人民群众。中国的反腐败始终坚持“人民群众反对什么、痛恨什么，就坚决防范和纠正什么”，重点整治群众身边的不正之风和腐败问题，将反腐“红利”普遍惠及广大人民群众。二是构建起多方有序的监督合力。中国特色反腐败之路将群众监督、舆论监督等纳入党和国家监督体系，通过制度化渠道进行有序整合。这既有效吸纳了社会监督的强大力量，又确保了反腐败的正确方向，从而凝聚起反腐败的强大合力。三是坚持以人民满意度为检验标准。中国将“人民群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感”作为衡量反腐败成效的根本标准。这一检验标准使反腐败工作直面民生、响应民需、接受民评，筑牢了反腐败斗争最广泛、最坚实的群众基础。

Embedded Governance: Systemic Synergy and Strategic Function Surpassing Single Boundaries. The Chinese-path anti-corruption road creatively embeds anti-corruption deeply into national governance, enabling anti-corruption to transcend the functional boundaries of a single department and become an important strategic fulcrum driving the improvement of the governance system, achieving efficient synergy between anti-corruption and national development tasks. This “embedded governance” enables China’s anti-corruption to effectively exert the function of “promoting governance through punishment,” achieving the effect of investigating one case, warning an entire region, and governing an entire field. By investigating corruption cases and deepening the promotion of reform through case analysis, it promotes mutual progress between anti-corruption and comprehensive deepening of reform in key areas and critical departments. This “embedded governance” adheres to the general requirement of unified leadership by the Party, comprehensive coverage, authoritative and efficient, achieving full coverage of supervision over all public officials exercising public power, profoundly reshaping the pattern of power supervision, significantly enhancing the standardization and transparency of power operation, and providing solid support for regulating power operation and building a law-based country. This “embedded governance” can effectively exert the ecological purification function of cultural infiltration. Through continuous rectification of work styles and discipline, and the construction of a clean culture, it cleanses unhealthy trends and evil practices, promotes the formation of a governance environment where cadres are upright, governments are clean, politics are clear, and society is pure, laying a solid foundation for sustained and healthy economic and social development, and providing a favorable environment for comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.

嵌入式治理：超越单一边界的系统协同与战略功能。中国特色反腐败之路创造性地将反腐败深度嵌入国家治理之中，使反腐败超越了单一部门的职能边界，成为驱动治理体系完善的重要战略支点，实现了反腐败与国家发展任务的高效协同。这种“嵌入式治理”，使中国的反腐败能够有效发挥“以惩促治”的功能，达到查处一案、警示一片、治理一域的效果。通过查处腐败案件和深化以案促改，推动重点领域、关键部门实现反腐败与全面深化改革互促共进。这种“嵌入式治理”，坚持党统一领导、全面覆盖、权威高效的总要求，实现了对所有行使公权力的公职人员监察全覆盖，深刻重塑了权力监督格局，显著提升了权力运行的规范性和透明度，为规范权力运行、建设法治国家提供了坚实支撑。这种“嵌入式治理”，能够有效发挥文化浸润的生态净化功能，通过持续的正风肃纪与廉洁文化建设，涤荡歪风邪气，推动形成干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明、社会清朗的治理环境，为经济社会持续健康发展夯实根基，为以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴提供良好环境。

(The author is Vice Dean of the Discipline Inspection and Supervision College, China University of Political Science and Law)

（作者为中国政法大学纪检监察学院副院长）