Empowering Discipline Inspection and Supervision with Digital Technology to Promote High-Quality Development

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, “It is necessary to grasp the new trends and new characteristics of corruption and innovate means and methods.” [1]1 The Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection was held in January 2025, reviewing the work of the commission for the previous year and deploying tasks for the coming year. Digital technologies represented by big data and artificial intelligence provide new possibilities for penetrating the complexity and concealment of the exercise of public power. Promoting the deep integration of digital technology with discipline inspection and supervision work is not merely an upgrade of technical tools, but also a profound revolution in public power supervision and a reshaping of governance paradigms.

习近平总书记在二十届中央纪委五次全会上强调，“要把握腐败的新动向新特点，创新手段方式”。以大数据、人工智能等为代表的数字技术，为穿透公权力运行的复杂性与隐蔽性提供了全新可能。推动数字技术与纪检监察工作深度融合，不仅是技术工具的升级，更是一场深刻的公权力监督革命与治理范式重塑。

Empowering discipline inspection and supervision work with digital technology aims to make political supervision concrete, the exercise of public power transparent, and institutional constraints rigid through the interconnection and intelligent analysis of data, thereby effectively enhancing the Party’s ability to purify, improve, reform, and upgrade itself. [2]2 “Self-purification, self-improvement, self-reform, and self-enhancement” is a standard formulation from the report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC, describing the Party’s capacity for internal governance. Systematically exploring the fundamental principles, value orientation, operational mechanisms, and implementation pathways for the high-quality development of digitally empowered discipline inspection and supervision is of great practical significance for transforming institutional advantages into governance effectiveness and continuously consolidating and developing the overwhelming victory in the fight against corruption.

数字赋能纪检监察工作，旨在通过数据的互联互通与智能分析，使政治监督具象化、公权力运行透明化、制度约束刚性化，从而切实增强党的自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力。系统探讨数字赋能纪检监察工作高质量发展的根本遵循、价值取向、作用机理与实施路径，对于将制度优势转化为治理效能，不断巩固发展反腐败斗争压倒性胜利成果，具有重要现实意义。

I

一

The success or failure of high-quality development in digitally empowered discipline inspection and supervision depends first and foremost on whether its political direction is correct and its political foundation is solid. The construction of a digital discipline inspection and supervision system must be placed under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, always serving the highest political goal of advancing the Party’s self-revolution and consolidating its long-term governing position.

数字赋能纪检监察工作高质量发展的成败，首先取决于其政治方向是否正确、政治根基是否牢固。必须将数字纪检监察体系建设置于党的集中统一领导之下，始终服务于推进党的自我革命、巩固党的长期执政地位这一最高政治目标。

The digital discipline inspection and supervision system is not a mere technical system, but a strategic project for the Party to advance self-revolution and strengthen its capacity for long-term governance. This means that the selection of its technical routes, the integration of data resources, and the development of supervision models must all be anchored to safeguarding the overall situation of the Party and the nation’s development. Digital empowerment is not about “starting from scratch” by discarding the original supervision system, but rather deepening and reshaping the political logic, business processes, and institutional mechanisms of discipline inspection and supervision by relying on digital means.

数字纪检监察体系并非单纯的技术系统，而是党推进自我革命、强化长期执政能力建设的战略性工程。这意味着，其技术路线的选择、数据资源的整合、监督模型的研发，都必须锚定保障党和国家事业发展的大局。数字赋能不是脱离原有监督体系的“另起炉灶”，而是依托数字化手段，对纪检监察工作的政治逻辑、业务流程和制度机制进行深化与重塑。

All explorations and applications of digital empowerment must closely revolve around the strategic deployment of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, serving the practical need to purify the political ecosystem and maintain the Party’s physical health. The political requirements and institutional logic of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party must be deeply embedded into the algorithmic rules of data screening, model construction, and risk early warning. Through full-chain, traceable data governance, the supervision focus should be shifted from “post-event punishment” to “pre-event early warning and in-event control,” and supervision effectiveness should be deepened from “case-by-case punishment” to “systematic governance and ecological restoration,” providing strong technical support for the integrated advancement of the goal of ensuring that officials dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption. [3]3 “Dare not, cannot, and do not want to engage in corruption” is a strategic goal of the CPC’s anti-corruption campaign, referring respectively to deterrence, institutional prevention, and ideological transformation.

数字赋能的所有探索与应用，都必须紧密围绕全面从严治党的战略部署，服务于净化政治生态、维护党的肌体健康的现实需要。要将全面从严治党的政治要求与制度逻辑，深度嵌入数据筛选、模型构建、风险预警的算法规则之中。通过全链条、可追溯的数据治理，推动监督关口从“事后查处”向“事前预警、事中控制”前移，监督效能从“个案惩治”向“系统施治、生态修复”深化，为实现不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐一体推进提供强大的技术支撑。

II

二

The advanced nature and effectiveness of digitally empowered discipline inspection and supervision must ultimately be tested by the people. This requires deeply integrating the people-centered development philosophy into the marrow of technological applications, ensuring that all practices of digital empowerment are dedicated to responding to public concerns and safeguarding public interests, thereby achieving a resonance between enhanced supervision effectiveness and adherence to the principle of serving the people.

数字赋能纪检监察工作，其先进性与有效性最终必须由人民群众来检验。这便要求将以人民为中心的发展思想深度融入技术应用的骨髓，确保数字赋能的一切实践都致力于回应群众关切、维护群众利益，从而实现监督效能提升与坚守为民宗旨的同频共振。

Digital empowerment relies on big data comparison, intelligent screening, and routine monitoring to focus on key areas of people’s livelihoods such as education, healthcare, elderly care and social security, rural revitalization, and the distribution of welfare funds. It conducts full-chain, routine data monitoring of key links in the exercise of public power, such as project approval and fund disbursement. This method can accurately identify hidden anomalies and problem clues from vast amounts of information, extending the “probe” of supervision to every corner concerning the interests of the people, significantly improving the precision and timeliness of punishing “micro-corruption.”

数字赋能依托大数据比对、智能筛查、常态化监测等手段，聚焦教育医疗、养老社保、乡村振兴、惠民资金发放等民生重点领域，对项目审批、资金拨付等公权力运行的关键环节开展全链条、常态化的数据监测。这种方式能够从海量信息中精准识别潜藏的异常情况和问题线索，将监督的“探头”延伸到每一个关乎群众利益的角落，显著提升惩治“微腐败”的精准度和时效性。

Furthermore, digital empowerment lowers the threshold for public participation in supervision by building integrated, convenient online supervision platforms, allowing supervision demands to reach discipline inspection and supervision organs directly. More importantly, by optimizing processes, standardizing procedures, and establishing real-time inquiry and feedback mechanisms, these platforms effectively safeguard the public’s rights to be informed, to participate, and to supervise, ensuring that power truly operates in the sunlight, thereby greatly consolidating and expanding the mass base of discipline inspection and supervision work.

此外，数字赋能通过建设一体化、便捷化的线上监督平台，降低了群众参与监督的门槛，使监督诉求能够直达纪检监察机关。更重要的是，通过优化流程、规范程序以及实时查询与反馈机制，平台有力保障了群众的知情权、参与权和监督权，切实让权力在阳光下运行，从而极大巩固和扩大了纪检监察工作的群众基础。

III

三

The core of enhancing supervision effectiveness through digital empowerment lies in strengthening the penetrating power against corruption. This penetrating power does not simply stop at discovering surface-level problems but follows a progressive logic from “static structure” to “dynamic process” and then to “generative logic”—it reveals institutional defects in the allocation of power, tracks process deviations in the execution of power, and, on this basis, grasps the inherent laws of the breeding and spread of corruption, thereby achieving a transformation in the supervision paradigm from “treating existing illnesses” to “preventing diseases before they occur.”

数字赋能提升监督效能，其核心在于增强反腐败穿透力。这一穿透力并非简单停留在表面问题的发现，而是遵循从“静态结构”到“动态过程”再向“生成逻辑”逐步深入的递进逻辑——既揭示权力配置中的制度性缺陷，又跟踪权力执行中的过程性偏差，更在此基础上把握腐败滋生蔓延的内在规律，从而实现从“惩治已病”向“防治未病”的监督范式转型。

Many corruption problems are not isolated cases but are rooted in structurally ambiguous areas or supervision blind spots in the allocation of public power. Digital empowerment, by constructing a cross-departmental, cross-level “single network” of public power operation data and using technologies such as knowledge graphs for relational modeling, can visually present the paths, nodes, and mutual constraints of public power flow. This upgrades the supervision perspective from reviewing individual project approvals to a holistic examination of the scientific nature of public power allocation, thereby identifying institutional soil that breeds corruption, such as overlapping functions, procedural gaps, and excessive discretionary power, achieving a deepening of supervision from “punishing behavior” to “optimizing structure.”

许多腐败问题并非孤立个案，而是植根于公权力配置的结构性模糊地带或监督盲区。数字赋能通过构建跨部门、跨层级的公权力运行数据“一张网”，并利用知识图谱等技术进行关联建模，能够可视化呈现公权力流动的路径、节点与相互制约关系。这使得监督视角从单一事项审批，升级为对公权力配置科学性的整体审视，从而识别出职能重叠、程序缺位、自由裁量权过大等滋生腐败的制度性土壤，实现从“惩治行为”向“优化结构”的监督深化。

Digital technology, through the dynamic collection and monitoring of data from all links of business processes, makes the process of institutional implementation visible and traceable. Supervisors can set compliance parameters and risk thresholds to automatically scan and issue early warnings for micro-phenomena such as abnormal approval rhythms, procedural jumps, and rule circumvention. This achieves a shift in supervision from “result inspection” to “process control,” pushing the supervision node forward and preventing the generation and accumulation of corruption risks at the source.

数字技术通过对业务流程全环节数据的动态采集与监测，使制度执行过程变得可视化、可追溯。监督者可设定合规性参数与风险阈值，对审批节奏异常、程序跳转、规则规避等微观现象进行自动扫描与预警。这实现了监督从“结果检查”到“过程控制”的转变，推动监督节点前置，从源头上防范腐败风险的产生与积累。

Digital empowerment, through comprehensive mining of historical case data and supervision and inspection data, uses machine learning models to analyze the common characteristics, correlation patterns, and evolutionary trends of corrupt behavior in different fields and periods. This can transform scattered case experience into quantifiable risk prediction models. This enables supervisors not only to handle exposed problems but also to grasp the regular signals of the breeding and spread of corruption, thereby carrying out forward-looking institutional improvements and ecological restoration, promoting a leap in the fight against corruption from “passive response” to “active governance,” and fundamentally compressing the space for corruption.

数字赋能通过对历史案件数据、监督检查数据的综合挖掘，运用机器学习模型分析不同领域、不同时期腐败行为的共性特征、关联模式和演化趋势，能够将分散的个案经验转化为可量化的风险预测模型。这使得监督者不仅能处理已暴露的问题，更能把握腐败滋生蔓延的规律性信号，从而进行前瞻性的制度完善与生态修复，推动反腐败从“被动响应”向“主动治理”跃升，从根本上压缩腐败空间。

IV

四

To effectively transform the value foundation and operational mechanisms of digital empowerment into the governance effectiveness of discipline inspection and supervision work, it is necessary to construct a systematic, integrated, practical, and effective implementation pathway.

为将数字赋能的价值根基与运行机理，切实转化为纪检监察工作的治理效能，需要构建一条系统集成、务实管用的实践路径。

Promote data sharing and break down “data silos.” Strengthen top-level design, coordinate the formulation of unified data standards, interface specifications, and secure sharing mechanisms, promote the convergence and integration of data in key areas such as finance, approval, public resources, and organizational personnel in accordance with laws and regulations, and build a full-coverage, integrated, and interconnected digital supervision network. Achieve comprehensive collection, standardized processing, and orderly sharing of information on the exercise of public power, laying a solid data foundation for panoramic scanning and holistic assessment.

促进数据共享，打破“数据孤岛”。加强顶层设计，统筹制定统一的数据标准、接口规范和安全共享机制，依法依规推动财政、审批、公共资源、组织人事等关键领域数据的汇聚融合，构建全域覆盖、一体联通的数字监督网络，实现公权力运行信息的全面采集、标准处理和有序共享，为全景式扫描和整体性研判奠定坚实的数据基石。

Strengthen intelligent analysis and build a “data eye.” Data accumulation does not generate value; correlation analysis reveals the truth. Focus on the key chains of public power exercise and the prominent characteristics of new types of corruption and hidden corruption, and construct intelligent analysis models and algorithms for abnormal fund flows, related-party transactions, and deviations in behavioral patterns. Through multi-dimensional data cross-comparison, deep mining, and graph analysis, transform abnormal patterns and interest transfer chains hidden within compliant processes into identifiable, early-warning, and verifiable risk signals, achieving precise targeting of corruption problems.

强化智能研判，构建“数据慧眼”。数据堆砌不产生价值，关联分析才能揭示真相。应聚焦公权力运行的关键链条和新型腐败、隐性腐败的突出特征，构建针对资金异常流动、关联交易、行为模式偏离等的智能分析模型与算法。通过多维度数据的交叉比对、深度挖掘与图谱分析，将隐藏在合规流程之下的异常模式、利益输送链条转化为可识别、可预警、可核查的风险信号，实现对腐败问题的精准制导。

Promote business integration and achieve “empowerment transformation.” The vitality of technical tools lies in their deep integration with the main responsibilities and core tasks. The results of data analysis and intelligent judgment must be deeply embedded into the entire business process of discipline inspection and supervision, including clue management, preliminary verification, investigation, and promoting reform based on cases. [4]4 “Promoting reform based on cases” (以案促改) is a work method in which lessons from specific corruption cases are used to identify systemic weaknesses and drive institutional improvements across relevant sectors. By using data to support decision-making and models to assist judgment, promote the transformation of supervision, discipline enforcement, and law enforcement towards reliance on data evidence, upgrade from “manual investigation” to “human-machine collaboration,” and effectively convert data insight into practical supervisory power.

推动业务融合，实现“赋能转化”。技术工具的生命力在于与主责主业深度融合。必须将数据分析与智能研判的成果，深度嵌入线索管理、初步核实、审查调查、以案促改等纪检监察业务全流程。通过数据支撑决策、模型辅助判断，推动监督执纪执法向依靠数据证据转变，从“人工排查”向“人机协同”升级，切实将数据洞察力转化为现实监督力。

Improve the institutional system and build a solid "institutional guardrail." Simultaneously improve a series of systems such as data security, technical compliance, algorithm auditing, and application of results; clarify the powers and responsibilities of each link; tighten the chain of responsibility; and effectively prevent risks such as data leakage, algorithm bias, and abuse of power. On this basis, promptly solidify mature and effective digital supervision practices into institutional norms, and align them with intra-Party regulations and national laws, truly transforming technological advantages into long-term, stable, and reliable supervision capabilities, promoting the continuous deepening and lasting effectiveness of the digital discipline inspection and supervision system.

完善制度体系，筑牢“制度护栏”。同步健全数据安全、技术合规、算法审计与成果运用等一系列制度，明确各环节权责，压实责任链条，有效防范数据泄露、算法偏见与权力滥用等风险。在此基础上，将成熟有效的数字监督实践及时固化为制度规范，并与党内法规和国家法律相衔接，把技术优势真正转化为长期、稳定、可靠的监督能力，推动数字纪检监察体系建设持续深化、取得长效。

(Author: Gong Bihan, Researcher at the Digital Supervision Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology)

（作者：龚苾涵，系成都理工大学四川省哲学社会科学重点实验室数字监督实验室研究员）