Upholding Institutional Governance of the Party and Governance of the Party by Rules

General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed: “Uphold institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules, improve the Party’s organizational regulations, leadership regulations, self-building regulations, and supervision and safeguard regulations, so that institutions ‘grow teeth’ and ‘carry current.’”[n] Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has treated upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules as the long-term and fundamental strategy for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, carried institutional building through the entire process of Party building, and provided a strong safeguard for Party building in the New Era. The theoretical innovation, practical innovation, and institutional innovation in Party governance and Party discipline in the New Era have profoundly answered the questions of what it means to uphold institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules, why it is necessary to uphold them, and how to uphold them; they form an important component of the scientific system of Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building.

习近平总书记强调：“坚持制度治党、依规治党，健全党的组织法规、领导法规、自身建设法规、监督保障法规，让制度‘长牙’、‘带电’。”党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把坚持制度治党、依规治党作为全面从严治党的长远和根本之策，将制度建设贯穿党的建设全过程，为新时代党的建设提供坚强保障。新时代管党治党理论创新、实践创新、制度创新，深刻回答了什么是坚持制度治党、依规治党，为什么要坚持制度治党、依规治党，如何坚持制度治党、依规治党等重要问题，是习近平党建思想科学体系的重要组成部分。

Scientifically understanding the connotations and features of upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules

科学认识坚持制度治党、依规治党的内涵特征

Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules requires, first of all, a scientific understanding of their rich connotations. In “Upholding Institutional Governance of the Party and Governance of the Party by Rules,” the first volume of Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Strengthening the building of the system of intra-Party regulations is the long-term and fundamental strategy for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party,” and stresses that “we must persist in advancing law-based governance and institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules in a coordinated and integrated manner.” Institutional governance of the Party mainly refers to the Party’s use of rules and regulations to guide, regulate, and safeguard its governance of the Party, its invigoration and strengthening of the Party, and its governance of the country. Governance of the Party by rules mainly refers to the Party’s reliance on intra-Party regulations to guide, regulate, and safeguard its governance of the Party, its invigoration and strengthening of the Party, and its governance of the country. Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules helps ensure that prominent contradictions and problems within the Party are resolved on the track of regulations and institutions, and that the political ecosystem within the Party remains positive, healthy, upright, and clean.

坚持制度治党、依规治党，首先必须科学认识其丰富内涵。在《习近平党建文选》第一卷《坚持制度治党、依规治党》中，习近平总书记指出：“加强党内法规制度建设是全面从严治党的长远之策、根本之策”，强调“必须坚持依法治国与制度治党、依规治党统筹推进、一体建设”。制度治党，主要指党运用规章制度引导、规范和保障其管党治党、兴党强党、治国理政。依规治党，主要指党依据党内法规引导、规范和保障其管党治党、兴党强党、治国理政。坚持制度治党、依规治党，有助于确保在法规制度轨道上解决党内存在的突出矛盾和问题，确保党内政治生态积极健康、风清气正。

In “Strengthening the Restriction and Supervision of Power and Advancing the Building of Regulations and Institutions for Anti-Corruption,” the first volume of Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Regulations and institutions possess a fundamental, overall, stable, and long-term character.” For comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, it is necessary to study and implement deeply Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping’s thought on Party building, and to select a scientific and effective system of governance tools; among the many governance tools, regulations and institutions possess a fundamental, overall, stable, and long-term character. That comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era has been able to achieve historic and pioneering accomplishments is due in important part to the successful experience of treating upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules as the long-term and fundamental strategy, of using a complete and rigidly enforced system of intra-Party regulations to tighten the institutional cage for Party governance and Party discipline, and of providing fundamental and stable long-term support for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to achieve full coverage of content, full coverage of targets, a complete chain of responsibility, and full integration of institutions. At the same time, upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules requires coordinating and grasping the relationships between politics and the rule of law, between reform and the rule of law, between law-based governance and rule-based governance of the country through virtue, and between law-based governance and governance of the Party by rules; it requires persisting in discipline being stricter than law, discipline taking precedence over law, and the integration of discipline enforcement and law enforcement, so as to ensure that discipline is strictly enforced and violations are investigated, and to safeguard effectively the rigidity and seriousness of discipline. On this basis, it is necessary to promote the close integration of ideological Party building and institutional governance of the Party, and to achieve the unity of governance of the Party by rules and governance of the Party by virtue.

在《习近平党建文选》第一卷《加强权力制约和监督，推进反腐倡廉法规制度建设》中，习近平总书记指出：“法规制度带有根本性、全局性、稳定性、长期性。”全面从严治党，必须深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平党建思想，优选一套科学有效的治理工具体系，在众多治理工具中，法规、制度具有根本性、全局性、稳定性、长期性。新时代全面从严治党之所以能够取得历史性、开创性成就，一条重要成功经验在于把坚持制度治党、依规治党作为长远之策、根本之策，以体系完备、刚性运行的党内法规制度体系扎紧扎牢管党治党的制度笼子，为全面从严治党实现内容全涵盖、对象全覆盖、责任全链条、制度全贯通提供了根本性、稳定性的长效支撑。同时，坚持制度治党、依规治党，需要统筹把握政治与法治、改革与法治、依法治国与以德治国、依法治国与依规治党之间的关系，需要坚持纪严于法、纪在法前、执纪执法贯通，做到执纪必严、违纪必究，切实维护纪律刚性、严肃性，在此基础上，推动思想建党和制度治党紧密结合，实现依规治党和以德治党相统一。

Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules focuses on carrying the requirements that there be rules to rely on, that rules be relied upon, that rules be strictly enforced, and that violations of rules be investigated through every link and the whole chain of the building of the intra-Party regulations system, on using a systematized supply of regulations and institutions to build the “four beams and eight pillars”[n] of Party governance and Party discipline, and on using rigid enforcement to open up the “last kilometer”[n] for the implementation of regulations and institutions at the grassroots level. Among these, having rules to rely on is the starting point and premise; only by taking the Party Constitution as the foundation and democratic centralism as the core, and by continuously improving the system of intra-Party regulations, can the whole Party be provided with the action guide for unifying will, unifying action, and advancing in step; relying on rules focuses on solving the problem of whether institutional consciousness is firm; only by promoting Party members and cadres to revere and abide by institutions can institutions truly become rigid norms constraining words and deeds; strict enforcement of rules focuses on solving the problem of whether the institutional cage is hard; only by eliminating the “idle operation” of institutions and preventing the phenomenon of “a cow pen being used to keep cats”[n] can institutional advantages be continuously transformed into governance effectiveness for Party governance and Party discipline; investigating violations of rules focuses on solving the problem of whether the bottom-line constraint is strong; only by persisting in equality before institutions, in no exceptions in the enforcement of institutions, and in pursuing and never tolerating violations of discipline and rules to the end, can a lasting deterrent force that is real and hard-hitting be formed, so that iron rules truly take effect and prohibitions truly carry authority, providing a solid institutional safeguard for the Party’s long-term governance and the country’s lasting peace and stability.

坚持制度治党、依规治党，重在将有规可依、有规必依、执规必严、违规必究的要求贯穿党内法规制度建设各环节和全链条，以体系化的法规制度供给筑牢管党治党“四梁八柱”，以刚性执行打通法规制度落地“最后一公里”。其中，有规可依是起点和前提，只有以党章为根本，以民主集中制为核心，不断完善党内法规制度体系，才能为全党统一意志、统一行动、步调一致向前进提供行动遵循；有规必依，重在解决制度意识牢不牢的问题，只有推动广大党员干部敬畏制度、遵守制度，才能让制度真正成为约束言行的刚性准则；执规必严重在解决制度笼子硬不硬的问题，只有杜绝制度“空转”、防止“牛栏关猫”现象，才能把制度优势持续转化为管党治党的治理效能；违规必究，重在解决底线约束强不强的问题，只有坚持制度面前人人平等、执行制度没有例外，对违规违纪行为一追到底、决不姑息，才能形成动真碰硬的持久震慑力，真正让铁规发力、让禁令生威，为党长期执政和国家长治久安提供坚实制度保障。

Deeply grasping the important significance of upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules

深刻把握坚持制度治党、依规治党的重要意义

In “Instructions on Strengthening the Building of the System of Intra-Party Regulations,” the second volume of Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building, General Secretary Xi Jinping stresses: “We must give full play to the major role of intra-Party regulations in safeguarding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, in safeguarding the Party’s long-term governance and the country’s lasting peace and stability, and in advancing the great new project of Party building in the New Era and implementing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, so as to ensure that the Party always remains a strong leading core in the historical process of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, and to provide a strong political guarantee for comprehensively building a modern socialist country and realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” This important exposition profoundly elucidates the important significance of upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules. Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules is an effective path for advancing the great new project of Party building in the New Era and an important means for improving the Party’s leadership level and governance capacity.

在《习近平党建文选》第二卷《关于加强党内法规制度建设的指示》中，习近平总书记强调：“要发挥好党内法规在维护党中央集中统一领导、保障党长期执政和国家长治久安方面的重大作用，在推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程、落实全面从严治党方面的重大作用，确保党在坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的历史进程中始终成为坚强领导核心，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供坚强政治保证。”这一重要论述，深刻阐明了坚持制度治党、依规治党的重要意义。坚持制度治党、依规治党，是推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程的有效途径，是提高党的领导水平和执政能力的重要手段。

Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules plays a major safeguarding role for upholding the Party’s overall leadership and the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules, and formulating and implementing the system of Party leadership institutions, helps transform the important requirement of deeply comprehending the decisive significance of the Two Establishments[n] and resolutely achieving the Two Upholds[n] into clear institutional norms and standards of conduct, fundamentally ensuring that the whole Party is unified in thought, unified in will, and unified in action, and providing a strong safeguard for consolidating the Party’s leadership position. As a Marxist governing party, the completeness and enforcement capacity of our Party’s leadership institution system directly bear on the quality and effectiveness of the Party’s overall leadership. Relying on a complete and systematic institutional system, upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules, and carrying Party leadership into every field, aspect, and link of the cause of the Party and the state can effectively guarantee that the orders of the Party Central Committee are unimpeded and that prohibitions are observed. Since the New Era, from strictly implementing the reporting and request-for-instructions system to improving the supervision and accountability mechanisms for implementing the major decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee… it is precisely through a series of important institutional arrangements that the Party’s overall leadership has been ensured to have rules to follow and regulations to rely on, providing a solid institutional foundation for the Party Central Committee to steer the ship and take the helm on the new journey of the New Era.

坚持制度治党、依规治党对坚持党的全面领导和党中央集中统一领导具有重大保障作用。坚持制度治党、依规治党，制定和实施党的领导制度体系，有助于将深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义、坚决做到“两个维护”这一重要要求转化为明确的制度规范和行为准则，从根本上确保全党上下思想统一、意志统一、行动统一，为巩固党的领导地位提供坚强保障。我们党作为马克思主义执政党，领导制度体系的完备性与执行力，直接关系党的全面领导的成色与效能。依托系统完备的制度体系，坚持制度治党、依规治党，把党的领导落实到党和国家事业各领域各方面各环节，能够有力保障党中央政令畅通、令行禁止。新时代以来，从严格执行请示报告制度，到健全贯彻党中央重大决策部署督查问责机制……正是通过一系列重要制度安排，确保了党的全面领导有章可循、有规可依，为新时代新征程上党中央领航掌舵提供了稳固制度依托。

Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules plays a safeguarding and guiding role for advancing the great new project of Party building in the New Era. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has carried institutional building through the entire process of the Party’s political building, ideological building, organizational building, work-style building, and discipline building, integrated it into every link of the fight against corruption, used a complete and rigidly enforced system of intra-Party regulations to tighten the cage for Party governance and Party discipline, used the stability of institutions to consolidate the achievements of Party building in all respects, used the authority of institutions to strengthen the rigid constraints of Party governance and Party discipline, and provided a strong safeguard for advancing the great new project of Party building in the New Era. Practice has proved that only by always upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules can we eliminate at the source all factors that harm the Party’s advanced nature and purity, remove all viruses that erode the Party’s healthy organism, truly persist in the strict tone, strict measures, and strict atmosphere in institutional form over the long term, unswervingly advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, forever maintain the Party’s advanced nature and purity, and ensure with more mature and finalized institutional advantages that the great new project of Party building in the New Era never deviates in direction, never slackens in intensity, and never loosens in standards, so as to build the Party into an even stronger and more powerful force.

坚持制度治党、依规治党对推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程具有保障和引导作用。党的十八大以来，我们党把制度建设贯穿党的政治建设、思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、纪律建设全过程，融入反腐败斗争各环节，以体系完备、刚性运行的党内法规制度体系扎紧扎牢管党治党笼子，用制度的稳定性巩固党的各方面建设成果，用制度的权威性强化管党治党刚性约束，为推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程提供了坚强保障。实践证明，只有始终坚持制度治党、依规治党，才能从源头上清除一切损害党的先进性和纯洁性的因素、祛除一切侵蚀党的健康肌体的病毒，才能真正把严的基调、严的措施、严的氛围以制度形式长期坚持下来，持之以恒推进全面从严治党，永葆党的先进性和纯洁性，以更加成熟定型的制度优势确保新时代党的建设新的伟大工程始终方向不偏、力度不减、尺度不松，把党建设得更加坚强有力。

Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations plays a political safeguarding role in ensuring the Party's long-term governance and the nation's enduring peace and stability. Ordering the state and governing the people depends on rectifying its institutions.[n] Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations bears on our Party's ability to break free from the historical cycle of rise and fall, chaos and order, and to achieve long-term governance; it is an important pillar for safeguarding the nation's enduring peace and stability. Faced with the long-standing "four tests" and "four dangers,"[n] only by upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations, and by transforming the Party's century-long experience in governing and building the Party—especially the revolutionary forging achievements of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the New Era—into a system of institutions and regulations that is complete in form, scientific in standard, and effective in operation, can we unify the will of the whole Party, standardize the actions of the whole Party, and constrain the exercise of power, continuously advancing the Party's self-purification, self-improvement, self-renewal, and self-enhancement. Only by upholding the organic unity of law-based governance and governance of the Party by rules and regulations, and by promoting mutual complementarity, mutual reinforcement, and mutual safeguarding between national laws and regulations and intra-Party regulations, can we lead social customs and popular mores with a sound Party conduct and government conduct, lay a solid foundation for the Party's long-term governance and the nation's enduring peace and stability, and ensure that the Party always remains the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

坚持制度治党、依规治党对确保党长期执政和国家长治久安具有政治保障作用。经国序民，正其制度。坚持制度治党、依规治党，事关我们党跳出治乱兴衰历史周期率、实现长期执政，是保障国家长治久安的重要支撑。面对长期存在的“四大考验”“四种危险”，只有坚持制度治党、依规治党，将党的百余年管党治党经验，特别是新时代全面从严治党的革命性锻造成果转化为系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度规范体系，才能统一全党意志、规范全党行动、约束权力运行，不断推进党的自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高。只有坚持依法治国和依规治党有机统一，推动国家法律法规和党内法规制度相辅相成、相互促进、相互保障，才能以优良党风政风引领社风民风，为党长期执政和国家长治久安筑牢坚实根基，确保党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。

Comprehensively grasping the practical requirements of upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations

全面领会坚持制度治党、依规治党的实践要求

In "Improving the System for Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party and Advancing the Great New Project of Party Building in the New Era," included in the second volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building*, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party "requires us to uphold institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations, to place greater emphasis on the organic articulation, integrated aggregation, and coordinated synergy of Party building in all its aspects, to place greater emphasis on the improvement and perfection of systems and mechanisms and the scientificity and effectiveness of laws and regulations, and to place greater emphasis on governing and building the Party with the concept of governance, systematic thinking, and dialectical thinking." In "Improving the System for Comprehensive and Strict Governance of the Party," also in the second volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building*, General Secretary Xi Jinping stresses: "Advance the governance and building of the Party with systematic thinking and scientific methods so that content is fully covered, objects are fully encompassed, responsibilities form a complete chain, and institutions are fully integrated, further improving a system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party that is complete in elements, full in functions, scientific in standards, and efficient in operation." These important expositions profoundly elucidate the practical requirements and the scientific methods and pathways for upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations under the new circumstances.

在《习近平党建文选》第二卷《健全全面从严治党体系，推动新时代党的建设新的伟大工程向纵深发展》中，习近平总书记指出，健全全面从严治党体系“需要我们坚持制度治党、依规治党，更加突出党的各方面建设有机衔接、联动集成、协同协调，更加突出体制机制的健全完善和法规制度的科学有效，更加突出运用治理的理念、系统的观念、辩证的思维管党治党建设党”。在《习近平党建文选》第二卷《健全全面从严治党体系》中，习近平总书记强调：“用系统思维、科学方法推进管党治党内容全涵盖、对象全覆盖、责任全链条、制度全贯通，进一步健全要素齐全、功能完备、科学规范、运行高效的全面从严治党体系。”这些重要论述，深刻阐明了新形势下坚持制度治党、依规治党的实践要求和科学方法路径。

Employ scientific methods of thinking to improve a scientific, standardized, effective, and workable institutional system. In "Remain True to the Original Aspiration and Keep the Mission Firmly in Mind," included in the second volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building*, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: "In establishing rules and regulations, one must adhere to systematic thinking, dialectical thinking, and bottom-line thinking, and embody guidance, pertinence, and operability." Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations has distinct political and principled attributes; it is necessary to coordinate the use of scientific methods of thinking, closely center on the overall work of the Party and the state to advance the high-quality development of intra-Party regulations, and carry the requirements of institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations through the entire chain and all aspects of the construction of intra-Party regulations, continuously transforming the institutional advantages of Party governance into governance effectiveness. First, plan the overall situation with systematic thinking: anchor the overall goal of Party building in the top-level design of the institutional system, while encouraging grassroots units to explore and refine supporting measures in light of actual conditions, coordinate the articulation of institutions across all fields, levels, and links, shore up weaknesses and strengthen points of vulnerability, and promote mutual support and coordinated alignment among various institutions, providing holistic and systematic institutional safeguards for Party governance. Second, grasp with dialectical thinking the relationship between strict management and care, and between constraint and incentive, in institutional building. While tightening the institutional cage, clarifying behavioral boundaries, and drawing rigid red lines, also emphasize guidance and inclusiveness, unify strict requirements with practical measures, and unequivocally take responsibility for those who take responsibility, back those who are accountable, and support those who get things done. While maintaining the authority and seriousness of intra-Party regulations, also keep pace with the Party's theoretical and practical innovation and promptly carry out the establishment, amendment, repeal, and interpretation of institutions, promoting the organic unity of institutional rigidity and governance vitality. Third, strengthen constraints with bottom-line thinking, building a rigid defense line and risk barrier for institutional implementation. Carry bottom-line awareness through the entire process of institutional formulation and implementation, clarify political red lines and disciplinary bottom lines that must not be crossed, adhere to the principle that rules must be enforced strictly and violations must be investigated, resolutely eliminate the "flexible space" and the "broken window effect"[n] in institutional implementation, and truly make iron rules take effect and prohibitions carry authority.

运用科学思维方法健全科学规范、有效管用的制度体系。在《习近平党建文选》第二卷《不忘初心，牢记使命》中，习近平总书记指出：“建章立制，要坚持系统思维、辩证思维、底线思维，体现指导性、针对性、操作性。”坚持制度治党、依规治党，具有鲜明政治属性和原则属性，必须统筹运用科学思维方法，紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局推进党内法规制度建设高质量发展，把坚持制度治党、依规治党的要求贯穿党内法规制度建设全链条、各方面，推动管党治党的制度优势持续转化为治理效能。一是以系统思维谋全局，既锚定党的建设总目标做好制度体系顶层设计，又鼓励基层结合实际探索细化配套举措，统筹推进各领域、各层级、各环节制度衔接，补短板强弱项，推动各项制度相互支撑、同向发力，为管党治党提供整体性、系统性制度保障。二是以辩证思维把握好制度建设中严管与厚爱、约束与激励的关系。既扎紧制度笼子，明确行为边界、划出刚性红线，又注重引导性和包容性，把严的要求与实的举措统一起来，旗帜鲜明地为担当者担当、为负责者负责、为干事者撑腰。既保持党内法规制度的权威性和严肃性，又紧跟党的理论和实践创新步伐及时做好制度的立改废释工作，推动实现制度刚性与治理活力的有机统一。三是以底线思维强约束，筑牢制度执行的刚性防线和风险屏障。把底线意识贯穿制度制定和执行全过程，明确不可逾越的政治红线、纪律底线，坚持执规必严、违规必究，坚决破除制度执行中的“弹性空间”和“破窗效应”，真正让铁规发力、禁令生威。

Strengthen the consciousness of institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations, and enhance the authority and enforcement of laws and regulations. In "Remain True to the Original Aspiration and Keep the Mission Firmly in Mind," included in the second volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on Party Building*, General Secretary Xi Jinping stresses: "Institutions are meant to be observed and implemented. The whole Party must strengthen institutional awareness, consciously respect institutions, strictly implement institutions, and resolutely uphold institutions, improve authoritative and efficient institutional implementation mechanisms, and strengthen supervision over institutional implementation." Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations is not a soft advocacy of "important in words, secondary in deeds," but a rigid constraint that leaves marks when grasping iron and prints when treading on stone.[n] It is necessary to educate and guide the broad ranks of Party members and leading cadres to firmly establish institutional awareness and rules awareness from the depths of their hearts, and continuously strengthen the ideological and action consciousness of managing power with institutions, handling affairs according to institutions, and managing people by institutions. Adhere to problem orientation, goal orientation, and result orientation, establish and improve authoritative and efficient mechanisms for the implementation of laws and regulations, give full play to the normative and guiding role of intra-Party regulations, and by enhancing the authority and enforcement of intra-Party regulations, ensure that the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is linked and coordinated throughout, effectively advancing institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations in depth and in substance.

强化制度治党、依规治党自觉，提升法规制度权威性和执行力。在《习近平党建文选》第二卷《不忘初心，牢记使命》中，习近平总书记强调：“制度是用来遵守和执行的。全党必须强化制度意识，自觉尊崇制度，严格执行制度，坚决维护制度，健全权威高效的制度执行机制，加强对制度执行的监督”。坚持制度治党、依规治党，不是“说起来重要、做起来次要”的柔性倡导，而是抓铁有痕、踏石留印的刚性约束。必须教育引导广大党员干部从内心深处牢固树立制度意识和规矩意识，不断强化用制度管权、按制度办事、靠制度管人的思想和行动自觉。坚持问题导向、目标导向、结果导向，建立健全权威高效的法规制度执行机制，充分发挥党内法规制度的规范和引导作用，通过提升党内法规制度权威性与执行力，以刚性制度保障全面从严治党体系贯通联动，切实推进制度治党、依规治党走深走实。

Improve a responsibility system for institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations with clear subjects and clear requirements. Upholding institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations cannot be separated from the support of a responsibility system with clear subjects and clear requirements; it is necessary, under the unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, to improve a responsibility pattern for Party governance in which all parties bear their own responsibilities and coordinate in unity, to implement the requirements of full coverage, a strict tone, and the concept of governance throughout the construction of the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, to transmit the institutional pressure of Party governance layer by layer to Party organizations at all levels and to every leading cadre who is a Party member, and to fundamentally solve the prominent problems of "institutional idling" and "suspended responsibility," continuously raising the quality and level of Party governance. On the one hand, strictly implement the responsibility system for enforcing rules, focus on connecting the "first kilometer" and the "last kilometer" of institutional implementation, break through "midway obstructions," strengthen routine supervision and special inspections, and strictly investigate and deal with persons and matters that violate discipline and regulations and undermine the system of laws and regulations in accordance with rules, discipline, and law, leaving no "hidden doors" and opening no "skylights," so that intra-Party regulations truly become "high-voltage lines" carrying current. On the other hand, adhere to the principle that dereliction of duty must be questioned and accountability must be strict, systematically integrate the entire chain of mechanisms for supervision and inspection, target assessment, and accountability investigation, and for regions and departments where institutional implementation has failed and problems have become frequent due to absence of responsibility or weak supervision, not only seriously investigate the direct responsibility of the parties concerned, but also retroactively investigate the leadership responsibility and supervisory responsibility of relevant superiors, using rigid accountability to force the implementation of responsibility, and promoting the continuous deepening of institutional governance of the Party and governance of the Party by rules and regulations.

健全主体明确、要求清晰的制度治党、依规治党责任体系。坚持制度治党、依规治党，离不开主体明确、要求清晰的责任体系作支撑，必须在党中央统一领导下，健全各负其责、统一协调的管党治党责任格局，把全的要求、严的基调、治的理念落实到全面从严治党体系构建中，将管党治党的制度压力层层传导到各级党组织和每一名党员领导干部，从根本上破解“制度空转”“责任悬空”的突出问题，不断提升管党治党质量和水平。一方面，严格落实执规责任制，着力贯通制度实施的“最先一公里”和“最后一公里”，破解“中梗阻”，强化常态化督查与专项检查，对违规违纪、破坏法规制度的人和事坚决依规依纪依法严肃查处，不留“暗门”、不开“天窗”，让党内法规真正成为带电的“高压线”。另一方面，坚持失责必问、问责必严，系统整合监督检查、目标考核、责任追究全链条机制，对因责任缺位、监管不力导致制度执行失守、问题多发的地区和部门，既严肃追究当事人直接责任，也倒查追究相关领导责任和监督责任，以刚性问责倒逼责任落实，推动制度治党、依规治党不断向纵深发展。

(The author is a researcher at the Research Center for the Theory of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics of Hubei Province)

（作者为湖北省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心研究员）