Some Reflections on Education in the Marxist View of Religion in Institutions of Higher Education

Institutions of higher education are important bases for cultivating talent, and the university period is a critical stage for a person to establish their worldview, outlook on life, and values. With the rapid development of our country’s economy and society and the continuous enhancement of comprehensive national power, the strategic schemes of international hostile forces to implement “Westernization” and division against our country are also intensifying. The struggle to seize the next generation is becoming sharper and more complex, with forms constantly being renewed. Among these, targeting our country’s institutions of higher education as the key focus for religious infiltration, and the university student population as the key target for religious infiltration, are new methods and new means by which Western countries carry out “Westernization” and division against us. How to implement the principle of separation of education and religion in institutions of higher education, effectively resist the infiltration of institutions of higher education by hostile forces using religion and prevent campus proselytization, actively guide university students to correctly understand and address religious issues, and thereby clarify some vague understandings and erroneous views on religious issues, has become a major and urgent strategic task for education in the Marxist view of religion in our country’s institutions of higher education today. It concerns the century-long plan of cultivating qualified builders and reliable successors for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it concerns the future of the country and the destiny of the nation.

高校是培养人才的重要基地，大学时期是一个人确立世界观、人生观和价值观的关键阶段。随着我国经济社会快速发展和综合国力的不断增强，国际敌对势力对我国实施“西化”、分化的战略图谋也在不断加紧，与我争夺下一代的斗争更加尖锐复杂，形式也在不断翻新。其中，把我国高校作为宗教渗透的重点目标，大学生群体作为宗教渗透的重点对象，就是西方国家对我进行“西化”、分化的新方式、新手段。如何在高校贯彻落实教育与宗教相分离的原则，有效抵御敌对势力利用宗教对高校进行渗透和防范校园传教，积极引导大学生正确认识和对待宗教问题，从而澄清一些关于宗教问题的模糊认识与错误看法，已成为当前我国高校马克思主义宗教观教育的一项重大而紧迫的战略任务，事关培养中国特色社会主义事业合格建设者和可靠接班人的百年大计，事关国家未来和民族命运。

I. Conduct education on the basic theoretical issues of religion in Marxism, enabling university students to scientifically understand the essential characteristics, developmental laws, and social role of religion, establish a correct Marxist view of religion, and correctly understand and address religious issues

一、进行马克思主义关于宗教基本理论问题的教育，使大学生科学认识宗教的本质特征、发展规律和社会作用，树立正确的马克思主义宗教观，正确认识和对待宗教问题

First, university students should be made to recognize that the essence of religion has multiple dimensions, and that idealism is an important aspect of its essential characteristics. The Marxist view of religion holds that the essence of religion is a theistic worldview, a complex mass belief, and an important component of culture.

首先，要使大学生认识到宗教的本质具有多重性，而唯心论是其本质特征的重要方面。马克思主义宗教观认为宗教的本质是有神论的世界观，是一种复杂的群众性信仰，是文化的重要组成部分。

Religion is a theistic belief and an idealist worldview. The Marxist view of religion holds that religion is a fantasy about and belief in deities, a worship of and belief in supernatural forces, “a fantastic reflection in people’s minds of those external forces that dominate their daily lives,”[1]1 The original Chinese text cites a source with a page number; the reference is to a standard edition of Marx and Engels’ works.(P666) essentially belonging to the theistic idealist ideological system, and is fundamentally opposed to the materialist atheism of Communists in terms of worldview. The view that blurs the boundary between the Marxist materialist worldview and the religious idealist worldview, holding that Communist Party members can believe in religion, is erroneous and must be clarified. At the same time, it is necessary to persist in correctly guiding and educating university students to understand and view religious issues from the Marxist standpoint, viewpoint, and method, to comprehensively recognize the objective reality that religion will still exist for a long time in our country, and to fully understand that the opposition between Marxism and religion in worldview does not mean complete opposition between Communists and religious believers in politics. The consistent principle and policy of the Party in handling relations with figures from religious circles is political unity and cooperation, mutual respect in belief, and continuously consolidating and developing the Party’s patriotic united front with religious circles.

宗教是有神论的信仰，是唯心主义的世界观。马克思主义宗教观认为，宗教是对神灵的幻想和笃信，是对超自然力量的崇拜和信仰，“是支配着人们日常生活的外部力量在人们头脑中的幻想的反映”，[1](P666)本质上属于有神论的唯心主义思想体系，在世界观上和共产党人的唯物主义无神论是根本对立的。那种混淆马克思主义唯物主义世界观和宗教唯心主义世界观之间的界限，认为共产党员可以信仰宗教的观点是错误的，必须予以澄清。同时必须坚持用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法正确引导和教育大学生认识和看待宗教问题，全面认识宗教在我国仍将长期存在的客观现实，充分认识马克思主义与宗教在世界观上的对立并不意味着共产党人同宗教徒在政治上的完全对立。党处理同宗教界人士关系的一贯原则和政策是，政治上团结合作，信仰上相互尊重，不断巩固和发展党同宗教界的爱国统一战线。

Religion is a mass belief. As far as religious believers are concerned, religious belief is a matter of the spiritual realm of people, an “ideological issue among the people,” a “matter of the spiritual world,”[2]2 The original Chinese text cites a source with a page number; the reference is to a work by Mao Zedong.(P232) imbued with many emotions of religious believers, “reflecting from one aspect humanity’s longing for a better world and its pursuit of truth, goodness, and beauty, and has had a broad and profound impact among the masses for a long time.”[3]3 The original Chinese text cites a source with a page number; the reference is to a document or speech by a Chinese leader.(P331) Views and actions that simplistically equate religious issues with political issues or arbitrarily interfere with the freedom of religious belief of the masses are erroneous. It should also be pointed out that emphasizing non-belief in religion is also an important right granted to citizens by the constitution, thereby actively guiding university students to firmly establish a scientific worldview and strengthen their ideals and convictions in socialism with Chinese characteristics.

宗教是一种群众性的信仰。就信教群众而言，宗教信仰是人们精神领域的问题，是“人民内部的思想问题”、“精神世界的问题”，[2](P232)倾注着信教群众的诸多情感，“从一个方面反映了人类对美好世界的向往和对真善美的追求，长期以来在人民群众中产生了广泛、深刻的影响。”[3](P331)那种把宗教问题简单地等同于政治问题、任意干涉群众宗教信仰自由的看法和行为是错误的。也应该指出，强调不信仰宗教也是宪法赋予公民的重要权利，从而积极引导大学生牢固树立科学的世界观，坚定中国特色社会主义理想信念。

Religion is also a component of culture. Religion is a social and cultural system composed of multiple elements, including religious belief, religious thought, and religious morality as content of social ideology, religious experience and religious emotion as content of psychology, and religious behavior, religious organizations, and religious institutions as content of social entities. Religion is a component of human culture and has an important influence on the formation and development of human society and its civilization. Views that deny that religion is a culture or that religious culture is dispensable are clearly incorrect. It is necessary to educate and guide university students to recognize that, in complex international competition, the status and role of culture in comprehensive national power competition are becoming more prominent. It is essential to adhere to the principles of taking the essence and discarding the dross, making the past serve the present, and weeding through the old to bring forth the new, critically inherit and develop human excellent culture, including excellent religious culture, and actively leverage the role of religious culture in building a socialist cultural power, “maintaining the basic elements of national culture, so that excellent traditional culture becomes a spiritual force inspiring the people to advance in the New Era.”[4]4 The original Chinese text cites a source with a page number; the reference is to a document from the 19th National Congress of the CPC or related materials.(P33)

宗教还是文化的组成部分。宗教是由多种要素构成的社会文化体系，既包含着作为社会意识形态内容的宗教信仰、宗教思想和宗教道德，又包含着作为心理内容的宗教体验和宗教情感，还包含着作为社会实体内容的宗教行为、宗教组织和宗教制度。宗教是人类文化的组成部分，对人类社会及其文明的形成与发展具有重要影响，那种否认宗教是一种文化、宗教文化可有可无的思想观点显然是不正确的。要教育和引导大学生在复杂的国际竞争中认识到，文化在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用更加凸显，必须坚持取其精华、去其糟粕、古为今用、推陈出新的原则，批判地继承和发展包括优秀宗教文化在内的人类优秀文化，积极发挥宗教文化在建设社会主义文化强国中的作用，“维护民族文化基本元素，使优秀传统文化成为新时代鼓舞人民前进的精神力量”。[4](P33)

Second, university students should be made to recognize that religion has a developmental law of long-term existence. The Marxist view of religion holds that religion is a historical phenomenon at a certain stage of the development of human society, undergoing a long process of emergence, development, and extinction, with its roots of emergence and existence.

其次，要使大学生认识到宗教具有长期性的发展规律。马克思主义宗教观认为宗教是人类社会发展一定阶段的历史现象，有一个发生、发展和消亡的漫长过程，有其产生和存在根源。

Religion will still exist for a long time in socialist society. The Marxist view of religion holds that the emergence and existence of religion mainly have natural, social, epistemological, and psychological roots. “When society has not yet developed to the point where the conditions for religion’s survival completely disappear, religion will exist,”[5]5 The original Chinese text cites a source with a page number; the reference is to a work by Lenin.(P384) and as long as people’s subjective understanding has not yet reached the level of scientifically understanding religion and not believing in it, religion will not die out. Views that use administrative force to attack or even abolish religion, or that believe religion will quickly die out in socialist society, are erroneous. University students should be made to recognize the long-term nature of religion’s existence in socialist society. At the same time, with the establishment of our country’s socialist system, “the class roots of religion’s existence in our country have basically disappeared, and the natural, social, and epistemological roots of religion’s existence have also undergone great changes.”[6]6 The original Chinese text cites a source with a page number; the reference is to a document or speech by a Chinese leader on religious work.(P379) That is to say, religion in socialist society is a religion that has undergone significant changes. It is already a new religion that, through democratic reforms of religious institutions, has continuously adapted to socialist society and serves the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Religious issues should be understood from the perspective of guiding religion to adapt to socialist society.

宗教在社会主义社会仍将长期存在。马克思主义宗教观认为，宗教的产生和存在，主要有自然的、社会的、认识论的和心理的根源，“当社会还没有发展到使宗教赖以生存的条件完全消失的时候，宗教是会存在的”，[5](P384)只要人的主观认识还远未达到科学认识宗教和不信仰宗教的程度，宗教就不会消亡。那种用行政力量打击甚至取消宗教、认为宗教在社会主义社会很快就会消亡的观点是错误的。要使大学生认识到宗教在社会主义社会存在的长期性，同时随着我国社会主义制度的确立，“我国宗教存在的阶级根源已经基本消失，宗教存在的自然根源、社会根源和认识根源也发生了很大变化”，[6](P379)就是说，社会主义社会的宗教是发生了重大变化的宗教，已经是经过宗教制度民主改革而不断与社会主义社会相适应、服务于建设中国特色社会主义事业的新宗教，要从引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应的方面去认识宗教问题。

Correctly understand and actively seek the path to the extinction of religion. Religion has long-term nature, mass character, and special complexity. Religion has not only existed for a long time in the past but will also exist for a long time in the future. It cannot be forcibly eliminated, and the extinction of religion will be a long process. Views that ignore the objective laws of religion’s development and believe that religion will exist forever are incorrect. It is necessary to persist in using the viewpoint and method of historical materialism to educate and guide university students to comprehensively understand the basic laws and paths of religion’s extinction. When we speak of the long-term nature of religion, we do not mean that religion exists forever, but rather to overcome short-sightedness on religious issues and to correctly understand and actively seek the path to religion’s extinction. On this issue, university students should be made to recognize that religion can neither be developed nor eliminated by administrative force. Instead, it is necessary to respect the laws of religion’s own development, “focus on the long term, keep the present in view, and do religious work unremittingly,”[6]6 The original Chinese text cites a source with a page number; the reference is to a document or speech by a Chinese leader on religious work.(P381) and by vigorously developing productive forces and strengthening scientific and cultural education, reduce the influence of religious idealism on university students.

正确认识和积极寻找宗教消亡的途径。宗教具有长期性、群众性以及特殊的复杂性。宗教不仅过去长期存在，将来也还会长期存在，不可能强制地加以消灭，宗教消亡会是一个长期过程。那种无视宗教客观发展规律、认为宗教将永远存在的观点是不正确的，必须坚持用历史唯物主义的观点和方法教育和引导大学生全面认识宗教消亡的基本规律和途径。我们讲宗教的长期性，不是说宗教永远存在，而是为了克服宗教问题上的短视症，正确认识和积极寻找宗教消亡的途径。在这一问题上，要使大学生认识到既不能用行政力量发展宗教，也不能用行政力量消灭宗教，而是必须尊重宗教自身发展规律，“立足长远，着眼当前，坚持不懈地做好宗教工作”，[6](P381)通过大力发展生产力和加强科学文化教育，减少宗教唯心主义对大学生的影响。

Third, it is necessary to enable university students to recognize that religion has a dual social role. The Marxist view on religion holds that religion has both positive and negative effects on society, and that the positive effects should be brought into play while the negative factors are avoided. Religion has a dual social role. The Marxist view on religion holds that in class society, religion is a spiritual tool for safeguarding the fundamental interests of the ruling class, an opiate [7]7 The 16th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2002. Hu Jintao served as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee from 2002 to 2012. that numbs the ruled class, and primarily plays a negative role. Particularly in modern times, religion served as a tool for colonialists to carry out aggression and expansion; various religions in China were once controlled and utilized by the ruling class, playing

再次，要使大学生认识到宗教具有双重性的社会作用。马克思主义宗教观认为宗教对社会既有积极的作用，也有消极的作用，要发挥积极作用，规避消极因素。宗教具有双重社会作用。马克思主义宗教观认为，在阶级社会里，宗教是维护统治阶级根本利益的精神工具，是麻醉被统治阶级的精神鸦片，主要起着消极的作用。特别是在近代，宗教充当了殖民主义者进行侵略扩张的工具，我国各种宗教都曾经被统治阶级控制和利用，起过重大的消极作用。同时，宗教还具有一定的积极作用和重要的文化价值，在社会主义社会仍要发挥其积极作用。那种否认宗教积极作用、认为宗教在社会主义社会完全是起消极作用的观点是错误的。必须用马克思主义宗教观教育和引导大学生，深刻认识到宗教教规、教义、道德中含有为中国特色社会主义建设服务的积极因素，而且信教群众是建设中国特色社会主义的积极力量，爱国宗教界人士是团结信教群众、维护社会稳定的重要力量，要发挥宗教的积极作用。

It is necessary to be adept at bringing positive roles into play while avoiding negative factors. Since the 16th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Hu Jintao as General Secretary has successively put forward important thoughts and viewpoints such as "actively promoting the positive content in religious teachings that is close to the moral requirements of socialist society, such as promoting good and suppressing evil, equality and tolerance, and helping the poor and the needy," "giving play to the positive role of religion in promoting social harmony," "giving play to the positive role of religious figures and believers in promoting economic and social development," and "giving play to the positive role of religious figures and believers in promoting cultural prosperity and development." This is an important affirmation of the positive role of religion and how to bring it into play. College students should be guided to recognize this aspect; at the same time, they should also be made to recognize that the negative factors of religion still exist in contemporary society. This is determined by the essential characteristics of religious theism as idealism and by the inducement of external factors such as the exploitation by hostile forces, and must be avoided and guarded against.

要善于发挥积极作用与规避消极因素。党的十六大以来，以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央先后提出“积极弘扬宗教教义中扬善抑恶、平等宽容、扶贫济困等与社会主义社会道德要求贴近的积极内容”，“发挥宗教在促进社会和谐中的积极作用”，“发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用”，“发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进文化繁荣发展中的积极作用”等重要思想和观点，这是对宗教积极作用以及如何发挥积极作用的重要肯定。要引导大学生认识到这一方面；同时也要使大学生认识到，宗教消极因素在当代社会依然存在，这是由宗教有神论的唯心主义本质特征和敌对势力的利用等外界因素的诱导所决定的，是必须加以规避和防范的。

II. Conducting education on the Party's basic policy and fundamental principles for religious work, enabling college students to understand the major policies of the Party and the state for handling religious issues, and enhancing their ability to deal with various practical religious problems

二、进行党的宗教工作基本方针和基本政策的教育，使大学生了解党和国家处理宗教问题的大政方针，增强应对各种现实宗教问题的能力

The 2004 National Forum on Religious Work clearly defined "comprehensively implementing the Party's policy of freedom of religious belief, managing religious affairs in accordance with the law, adhering to the principle of independence and self-management, and actively guiding religion to adapt to the socialist society" as the Party's basic policy for religious work. This was later written into the political report of the 17th National Congress of the CPC and the revised new Party Constitution. Colleges and universities should thoroughly implement the relevant spirit of the central authorities and strengthen education for college students on the Party's basic policy and fundamental principles for religious work.

2004年全国宗教工作座谈会明确把“全面贯彻党的宗教信仰自由政策，依法管理宗教事务，坚持独立自主自办的原则，积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应”作为党的宗教工作基本方针，后来又写进党的十七大政治报告和修改后的新党章。高校要深入贯彻落实中央的有关精神，对大学生加强有关党的宗教工作基本方针和基本政策的教育。

First, college students should be made to recognize that comprehensively implementing the Party's policy of freedom of religious belief is the Party's consistent policy for handling religious issues. Freedom of religious belief means that "every citizen has the freedom to believe in religion and the freedom not to believe in religion; the freedom to believe in this religion and the freedom to believe in that religion; within the same religion, the freedom to believe in this sect and the freedom to believe in that sect; the freedom of those who did not believe in the past to believe now, and the freedom of those who believed in the past not to believe now." [7]7 The 16th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2002. Hu Jintao served as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee from 2002 to 2012.(P59) The view that state organs, social organizations, or individuals can compel citizens to believe or not to believe in religion, or even discriminate against citizens who believe or do not believe in religion, is erroneous. College students should be educated and guided to recognize that the exercise of the right to freedom of religious belief must comply with the provisions of the Constitution and relevant laws, regulations, and rules, and must safeguard national security, ethnic unity, and social harmony. No one is allowed to propagate atheism within religious activity sites, and no religious organization or believer is allowed to preach, distribute religious propaganda materials, or illegal publications outside religious activity sites, especially in institutions of higher learning. For students and faculty who believe in religion, colleges and universities should respect their religious beliefs, while relevant departments should also carry out ideological and political education work for them, educating them to consciously abide by relevant laws, regulations, and religious policies.

首先，要使大学生认识到全面贯彻落实党的宗教信仰自由政策是党处理宗教问题的一贯方针。宗教信仰自由，就是指“每个公民既有信仰宗教的自由，也有不信仰宗教的自由；有信仰这种宗教的自由，也有信仰那种宗教的自由；在同一宗教里面，有信仰这个教派的自由，也有信仰那个教派的自由；有过去不信教而现在信教的自由，也有过去信教而现在不信教的自由。”[7](P59)那种认为国家机关、社会团体和个人可以强制公民信教或不信教，甚至歧视信教公民或不信教公民的观点是错误的。要教育和引导大学生认识到，行使宗教信仰自由权利必须遵守宪法和相关的法律、法规和规章的规定，必须维护国家安全、民族团结和社会和谐，任何人不得到宗教活动场所进行无神论的宣传，任何宗教组织和宗教徒不得到宗教活动场所之外，特别是高等学校去传教布道、散发宗教宣传品和非法出版物。对信仰宗教的学生和教职工，高校要尊重其宗教信仰，同时相关部门也要做好他们的思想政治教育工作，教育他们自觉遵守相关法律法规和宗教政策。

Second, college students should be made to recognize that managing religious affairs in accordance with the law is an inevitable requirement for the Party to govern the country according to law and build a socialist country governed by the rule of law. Religion is a complex system and social entity composed of multiple elements such as religious thought, religious institutions, religious activities, and religious sites. It inevitably comes into contact with other social entities and inevitably affects national and public interests. Therefore, religious affairs must be managed in accordance with the law, and "the government carries out administrative management and supervision over the implementation of laws, regulations, and policies concerning religion." [7]7 The 16th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2002. Hu Jintao served as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee from 2002 to 2012.(P216) The view that denies the necessity of managing religious affairs according to law and believes that such management will inevitably interfere with the internal affairs of religion is erroneous. The legal education and awareness of the rule of law among college students must be strengthened. Students should be educated and guided to recognize that "religious activities are carried out in society and inevitably involve social public interests and national interests, and must be managed in accordance with the law." [8]8 The 17th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2007.(P555) This is an inevitable requirement for our Party to govern according to law and to promote the rule of law and build a socialist country governed by the rule of law. Its purpose is to "protect the lawful, stop the illegal, resist infiltration, combat crime, and ensure that religious activities are conducted in a standardized and orderly manner," [8]8 The 17th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2007.(P574) so that religious activities are placed on a legal track, rather than interfering with the internal affairs of religious groups. Currently, it is particularly necessary to deal according to law with illegally established religious activity sites on and around college campuses, illegal activities involving preaching or religious factors inside and outside the campus, and acts of taking advantage of educational and teaching activities to preach.

其次，要使大学生认识到依法管理宗教事务是党依法治国和建设社会主义法治国家的必然要求。宗教是由宗教思想、宗教制度、宗教活动、宗教场所等多种要素构成的复杂体系和社会实体，必然会与其他社会实体发生联系，必然会对国家利益和公共利益产生影响。因此，必须依法对宗教事务进行管理，“政府对有关宗教的法律、法规和政策的贯彻实施进行行政管理和监督”。[7](P216)那种否认依法管理宗教事务的必要性、认为依法管理必然会干涉宗教内部事务的思想观点是错误的，必须加强大学生的法制教育和法治意识，教育和引导大学生认识到，“宗教活动是在社会中进行的，必然会涉及社会公共利益和国家利益，必须依法予以管理”，[8](P555)这是我们党依法执政和推进依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的必然要求，其宗旨是“保护合法，制止非法，抵御渗透，打击犯罪，确保宗教活动规范有序进行”，[8](P574)使宗教活动走上法制化的轨道，而不是干预宗教团体内部事务。目前特别要依法处理在高校及其周边非法设立的宗教活动场所、在校内外传教或涉及宗教因素的非法活动、在教育教学活动中借机传教行为等。

Third, college students should be made to recognize that adhering to the principle of independence and self-management is an inevitable choice for Chinese religions and a necessity for safeguarding China's national and religious security. The principle of independence and self-management means that "China's religious affairs are managed independently by Chinese religious believers, and Chinese religious groups and religious affairs are not subject to the domination of foreign forces." [9]9 The 2004 National Forum on Religious Work was a meeting convened by the central authorities to discuss and set guidelines for religious policy.(P15) This principle is implemented based on the historical fact that our country long suffered from imperialist aggression and plunder, and some religions were controlled and exploited by imperialists. It is the independent choice of our country's religious believers and an important guarantee that our country's religious groups and religious affairs are not dominated or controlled by foreign forces. It has now become an unshakable important principle for handling foreign relations by our country's various religions. Some people believe that adhering to the principle of independence and self-management is equivalent to cutting off religious exchanges with the outside world. In fact, independence and self-management means conducting friendly exchanges on the basis of adhering to independence, equality, friendship, and mutual respect. College students should be educated to recognize that, as our country's reform and opening up continues to deepen, the infiltration efforts of hostile foreign religious forces against us are also increasing. We must, on the one hand, actively carry out friendly international exchanges in the field of religion, and on the other hand, resolutely resist the infiltration of all hostile forces within foreign religions, resolutely resist and reject the control and interference of hostile foreign religious forces in our country's religions, and consciously safeguard national security.

再次，要使大学生认识到坚持独立自主自办的原则是中国宗教的必然选择，也是维护中国国家和宗教安全的需要。独立自主自办的原则，就是“中国的宗教事业由中国的宗教信徒自主办理，中国的宗教团体和宗教事务不受外国势力的支配。”[9](P15)这一原则是基于我国曾经长期遭受帝国主义侵略和掠夺、有的宗教被帝国主义控制和利用的历史事实而实行的，是我国信教群众的自主选择，是我国宗教团体和宗教事务不受外国势力支配和控制的重要保障，现已成为我国各宗教处理对外关系的一条不可动摇的重要原则。有些人认为，坚持独立自主自办的原则，就等于断绝宗教对外交往。实际上，独立自主自办是在坚持独立自主、平等友好、相互尊重的基础上，开展友好交流。要教育大学生认识到，随着我国改革开放的不断深入，境外敌对宗教势力对我渗透的力度也不断加大，我们必须一方面要积极开展宗教方面的国际友好往来，另一方面又要坚决抵制外国宗教中的一切敌对势力的渗透，坚决抵制、拒绝国外敌对宗教势力对我国宗教的控制和干预，自觉维护国家安全。

Furthermore, it is necessary to make college students realize that actively guiding religion to adapt to socialist society is an effective approach and the fundamental direction for correctly handling religious issues in our country. Religion has an adaptability to social development; it is an indisputable fact that religion will continue to exist for a long time in socialist society. Moreover, the fundamental interests of religious believers and non-believers are identical in the political and economic spheres, and both are positive forces in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Additionally, Communists and patriotic religious believers can and must form a united front [10]10 The "united front" (统一战线) refers to the Chinese Communist Party's strategy of forming alliances with various social groups and political forces to achieve common political goals, a concept central to CPC political practice since the 1930s. for the common struggle of socialist modernization in terms of political action. Therefore, the fundamental direction of the Party's religious work is to actively guide religion to adapt to socialist society, "to unite all believers and non-believers, and concentrate their will and strength on the common goal of building a modernized socialist power." [7]7 The 16th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2002. Hu Jintao served as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee from 2002 to 2012.(P60) College students should be educated to recognize that actively guiding religion to adapt to socialist society is the correct direction for religion in China's historical process. It does not require religious believers to abandon their religious faith, nor does it force them to convert to Marxism; rather, it requires them to love the motherland, uphold the Party's leadership and the socialist system, abide by national laws, regulations, and policies, and contribute more to ethnic unity, social harmony, and national unification.

此外，要使大学生认识到积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应是我国正确处理宗教问题的有效途径和根本方向。宗教对社会发展具有适应性，宗教在社会主义社会仍将长期存在也是不争的事实，加上信教群众和不信教群众在政治、经济上根本利益的一致性，都是建设中国特色社会主义的积极力量，另外，共产党人和爱国的宗教信徒在政治行动上完全可以而且必须结成为社会主义现代化建设共同奋斗的统一战线。因此，党的宗教工作的根本方向就是积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应，“使全体信教和不信教的群众联合起来，把他们的意志和力量集中到建设现代化的社会主义强国这个共同目标上来”。[7](P60)要教育大学生认识到，积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应是我国宗教在历史过程中的正确方向，不是要求信教群众放弃宗教信仰，不是强迫他们改信马克思主义，而是要求他们热爱祖国、拥护党的领导和社会主义制度，遵守国家法律法规和方针政策，为民族团结、社会和谐和祖国统一多作贡献。

In addition to education on the basic policy of the Party's religious work, education on other aspects of the basic policy is also particularly important. First, it is necessary to make college students recognize that adhering to the principle of separation of religion from politics is the basic norm for handling the relationship between politics and religion in our country. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the Education Law of the People's Republic of China, the Regulations on Religious Affairs, and other laws, regulations, and rules clearly stipulate that the state implements the separation of education from religion; no one may use religion to engage in activities that obstruct the state's educational system; no organization or individual may conduct religious activities in colleges and universities; "the state respects citizens' freedom of religious belief and protects normal religious activities; religion carries out activities within the scope permitted by national laws and policies and must not interfere with the implementation of state functions such as administration, judicature, and education," [10]10 The "united front" (统一战线) refers to the Chinese Communist Party's strategy of forming alliances with various social groups and political forces to achieve common political goals, a concept central to CPC political practice since the 1930s. nor may it obstruct normal social order, work order, or life order. College students should be made to realize that the separation of religion from politics is not the ultimate goal; the fundamental purpose is to achieve harmony in the relationship between politics and religion on the basis of separation, and to build a harmonious socialist religious relationship. The view that believers can preach in schools or other public places is erroneous. Activities that hinder the implementation of the socialist education line and policy are absolutely impermissible and are illegal acts that must be stopped and banned.

除了党的宗教工作基本方针的教育外，党的宗教工作基本政策其他几个方面的教育也特别重要。首先，要使大学生认识到坚持政教分离的原则是我国处理政教关系的基本准则。《中华人民共和国宪法》、《中华人民共和国教育法》、《宗教事务条例》等法律、法规、规章明确规定，国家实行教育与宗教相分离，任何人不得利用宗教进行妨碍国家教育制度的活动，任何组织和个人不得在高校进行宗教活动，“国家尊重公民的宗教信仰自由，保护正常的宗教活动；宗教在国家法律、政策允许的范围内开展活动，不得干预行政、司法、教育等国家职能的实施”，[10]不得妨碍正常的社会秩序、工作秩序、生活秩序。要使大学生认识到，实行政教分离不是最终目的，根本目的是在政教分离的基础上实现政教关系的和谐，构建社会主义和谐宗教关系。那种认为教徒可以到学校或其他公共场所进行传教的观点是错误的，妨碍社会主义教育路线和方针的贯彻实施的活动是决不允许的，是犯法行为，必须予以制止、取缔。

Second, it is necessary to make college students recognize that expanding the Party's patriotic united front with religious circles in the new era is a requirement for uniting religious circles in the common construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Winning over, uniting with, and educating religious figures, leveraging the positive role of religious figures and believers in building socialism with Chinese characteristics, and consolidating and developing the Party's patriotic united front with religious circles are important contents and components of the Party's united front in the new era. College students should be educated to recognize that religious work is also an important part of the Party's united front. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of political cooperation and mutual respect for beliefs between the Party and religious circles, uphold the political foundation of cooperation based on patriotism and socialism, help and guide religious circles to enhance their self-support capacity, manage themselves according to laws and regulations, reflect the will of believers, effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of religious circles, actively leverage the role of religious organizations, and enable the vast majority of believers to reach consensus on major issues such as upholding the Party's leadership and the socialist system, loving the motherland, safeguarding national unification, and promoting harmony, thereby consolidating and developing the patriotic united front.

第二，要使大学生认识到扩大新时期党同宗教界的爱国统一战线是团结宗教界共同建设中国特色社会主义的需要。争取、团结和教育宗教界人士，发挥宗教界人士和信教群众建设中国特色社会主义的积极作用，巩固和发展党同宗教界的爱国统一战线，是新时期党的统一战线的重要内容和重要组成部分。要教育大学生认识到，宗教工作也是党的统一战线的重要组成部分。必须坚持党同宗教界在政治上团结合作、信仰上相互尊重的原则，坚持爱国主义和社会主义的合作政治基础，对宗教界要帮助和指导他们增强自养能力，依法依章搞好自我管理，反映信教群众意愿，切实维护宗教界合法权益，积极发挥宗教团体的作用，使广大信教群众在拥护党的领导和社会主义制度、热爱祖国、维护祖国统一、促进和谐等重大问题上取得共识，巩固和发展爱国统一战线。

Third, it is necessary to make college students recognize that strengthening the Party's leadership over religious work is the fundamental guarantee for doing religious work well and achieving religious harmony. Doing religious work well concerns the overall work of the Party and the state, concerns social harmony and stability, concerns the process of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and concerns the development of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The key to doing religious work well is strengthening the Party's leadership. Party committees at all levels in our country attach great importance to leadership over religious work. Party committees in colleges and universities also attach great importance to religious work. Party and Youth League organizations and the ideological and political education workforce have fully played their role in carrying out education in the Marxist view of religion, establishing a work pattern that combines education and guidance, blocking channels, and handling according to law. College students should be guided to recognize that Communists are atheists and must not believe in religion; this is a consistent principle and stance that our Party has never wavered from. Party members believing in religion and participating in religious activities will, in terms of ideology, violate the Party's nature; in terms of organization, weaken the Party's combat effectiveness; in terms of work style, reduce the Party's prestige among the masses; and in terms of work, hinder the correct implementation of the Party's religious policy. Therefore, "not believing in religion is a minimum condition for being a qualified Communist Party member." [6]6 The original Chinese text cites a source with a page number; the reference is to a document or speech by a Chinese leader on religious work.(P395)

第三，要使大学生认识到加强党对宗教工作的领导是做好宗教工作，实现宗教和谐的根本保证。切实做好宗教工作，事关党和国家工作全局，事关社会和谐稳定，事关全面建设小康社会进程，事关中国特色社会主义事业发展。而做好宗教工作，关键是加强党的领导。我国各级党委都十分重视对宗教工作的领导。各高校党委也十分重视宗教工作，党团组织和思想政治教育队伍充分发挥了在开展马克思主义宗教观教育中的作用，构建了教育引导、阻断渠道、依法处理三结合的工作格局。要引导大学生认识到，共产党员是无神论者，不得信仰宗教，这是我们党从未丝毫动摇的一贯原则和立场。党员信教和参加宗教活动，会在思想上违背党的性质，组织上削弱党的战斗力，作风上降低党在群众中的威信，工作上妨碍正确贯彻执行党的宗教政策。因此，“不信仰宗教是做一名合格共产党员的起码条件”。[6](P395)

III. Strengthen education in Marxist scientific atheism, enabling college students to recognize the essential difference between Marxist materialism and religious idealism, thereby establishing a scientific worldview, outlook on life, and values

三、加强马克思主义科学无神论的教育，使大学生认识到马克思主义唯物论同宗教唯心论有本质的区别，从而树立科学的世界观、人生观和价值观

The fundamental task of colleges and universities is to cultivate qualified builders and reliable successors for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Scientific atheism is one of the greatest ideological achievements of humanity based on the development of modern science, a prerequisite for the formation of the Marxist worldview, and an important component of advanced socialist culture. Colleges and universities should not only vigorously promote Marxism among college students but also vigorously strengthen education in scientific atheism. This is not only an important part of Party building and ideological and political education in colleges and universities but also an important content of education in the Marxist view of religion in colleges and universities.

高校的根本任务是培养中国特色社会主义事业的合格建设者和可靠接班人。科学无神论是人类在近代科学发展基础上产生的最伟大的思想成果之一，是马克思主义世界观形成的前提，是社会主义先进文化的重要组成部分。高校不仅要在大学生中大力宣传好马克思主义，还要大力加强科学无神论的教育。这既是高校党建和思想政治教育的重要组成部分，也是高校马克思主义宗教观教育的重要内容。

First, it is necessary to strengthen education in dialectical materialism and historical materialism among college students, providing methodological guidance for their correct understanding of religious issues. Dialectical materialism and historical materialism scientifically reveal the universal laws of the development of nature, society, and thought; correctly answer scientific principles such as the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness, the dialectical relationship between practice and cognition, the universal connection and development of things, the laws and functions of the movement of basic social contradictions, the general laws and forms of the succession of social formations, and the role of the masses in historical development; and are the philosophical foundation of the Marxist scientific worldview. Education in dialectical materialism and historical materialism should be strengthened in classroom teaching, especially in ideological and political theory courses for college students. Dialectical materialism and historical materialism should be used as sharp weapons for correctly understanding and dealing with religious issues, deeply recognizing the various roots of the emergence and existence of religion, the objective laws of its development and extinction, and its dual social role. Dialectical materialism and historical materialism can provide ideological weapons for college students to correctly understand and handle religious issues. According to the theories, viewpoints, and methods of Marxist materialism, religion is created by humans, is the alienation of human essence, and is a fantastic reflection in the minds of humans of external forces that dominate their daily lives, and this reflection in turn enslaves and restricts human development. Therefore, an important mission of Communists is to gradually eliminate the roots of the emergence and existence of religion through long-term vigorous development of the social economy and cultural and educational undertakings, thereby eliminating the enslavement of humans by religion, and ultimately achieving the free and comprehensive development of humans. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the consciousness and steadfastness of college students in believing in and adhering to the truth of Marxist materialism. "Using Marxist philosophy to criticize idealism (including theism), conducting education in the scientific worldview of dialectical materialism and historical materialism (including atheism) among the masses, especially young people, along with the dissemination of scientific and cultural knowledge about natural phenomena, social evolution, and human life, old age, illness, death, good fortune, and misfortune, is one of the important tasks of the Party on the propaganda front." [7]7 The 16th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2002. Hu Jintao served as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee from 2002 to 2012.(P72) Only by applying the basic principles and methods of Marxism can the essential characteristics, laws of development, and social role of religion and other basic religious issues be scientifically revealed, enabling college students to correctly understand religious issues in the socialist period.

首先，要在大学生中强化唯物辩证法和唯物史观的教育，为其正确认识宗教问题提供方法论上的指导。唯物辩证法和唯物史观科学揭示了自然、社会和思维发展的普遍规律，正确回答了物质与意识的辩证关系、实践与认识的辩证关系、事物的普遍联系与发展、社会基本矛盾运动的规律与作用、社会形态更替的一般规律与形式、人民群众在历史发展中的作用等科学原理，是马克思主义科学世界观的哲学基础。要在课堂教学特别是大学生思想政治理论课中加强辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的教育，要把唯物辩证法和唯物史观作为正确认识和对待宗教问题的锐利武器，深刻认识到宗教产生和存在的各种根源、发展和消亡的客观规律和双重社会作用。唯物辩证法和唯物史观可以为大学生正确认识和处理宗教问题提供思想武器。按照马克思主义唯物论的理论、观点和方法，宗教是由人创造的，是人本质的异化，是支配着人们日常生活的外部力量在人们头脑中的幻想的反映，而这种反映又奴役和制约着人的发展。因此，共产党人的重要使命是，经过长时期大力发展社会经济和文化教育事业，逐渐消除宗教产生和存在的根源，从而消除宗教对人的奴役关系，最终实现人的自由全面发展。因此，必须增强大学生坚信和坚持马克思主义唯物论真理的自觉性和坚定性。“用马克思主义哲学批判唯心论（包括有神论），向人民群众特别是广大青少年进行辩证唯物论和历史唯物论的科学世界观（包括无神论）的教育，加上有关自然现象、社会进化以及人的生老病死、吉凶祸福的科学文化知识的宣传，是党在宣传战线上的重要任务之一。”[7](P72)只有运用马克思主义的基本原理和方法，才能科学揭示宗教的本质特征、发展规律和社会作用等宗教基本问题，才能使大学生正确认识社会主义时期的宗教问题。

Second, it is necessary to persist in education that advocates science and opposes superstition among university students, cultivating their ability to correctly understand the objective world and the religious question. Generally speaking, science is a system of scientific knowledge and methods that reflects the objective laws of nature, society, and the development of thought, mainly comprising the natural sciences and the social sciences. The natural sciences primarily study nature and reveal the laws of the natural world; the social sciences primarily study human society and reveal the laws of the emergence, existence, and development of society. The essence of science lies in innovation; the characteristic of science is to speak the truth and reveal reality. “Only on the basis of speaking the truth and revealing reality can humanity attain genuine freedom. Humanity’s attainment of freedom is by no means founded on fear of ghosts and gods, flattery, bribery, or the offering of material goods to them.” [11](P223) Therefore, it is necessary to persist in vigorously popularizing scientific knowledge among university students, emphasizing the importance of establishing a scientific worldview, outlook on life, and values, and “strengthening efforts to popularize science education and to promote propaganda against superstition.” [7]7 The 16th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2002. Hu Jintao served as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee from 2002 to 2012.(P103) To advocate science, one must oppose superstition. Superstition refers to erroneous beliefs and behaviors in which people believe in the existence of supernatural things such as spirits, ghosts, demons, and monsters. Some people use low-level methods or even witchcraft and other superstitious means to harm society, causing great harm to the physical and mental health of university students. On this issue, our stance must be clear, our attitude resolute, and our measures forceful. Feudal superstitious activities that harm society must be resolutely combated, exposed, criticized, and banned. At the same time, attention must be paid to educating and correctly guiding university students to distinguish superstition from religion. Superstition generally lacks complete doctrines, rules, or organizations; it contradicts the general laws of society and plays a role in disrupting social order, disturbing people’s minds, and harming the health of the masses. Religion, on the other hand, is a complete social entity and ideological system composed of systematic organizations, doctrines, rules, and institutions. As long as normal religious beliefs and activities are properly guided, they are conducive to social stability and national unity; religion and superstition are not the same thing. Attention must also be paid to distinguishing feudal superstition from folk beliefs. Old customs and vulgar practices among the people, such as worshipping the kitchen god, ancestors, or the god of wealth, should not be banned or combated at every turn. Instead, through strengthening education in the Marxist scientific outlook of atheism, “promoting the scientific spirit, popularizing scientific knowledge, advocating the transformation of outmoded habits and customs, and resisting feudal superstition,” [4]4 The original Chinese text cites a source with a page number; the reference is to a document from the 19th National Congress of the CPC or related materials.(P25) it is possible to educate and guide university students to stay away from superstition and establish the correct ability to understand the objective world and the religious question.

其次，要在大学生中坚持崇尚科学和反对迷信的教育，培养大学生正确认识客观世界和宗教问题的能力。一般而言，科学是反映自然、社会和思维发展客观规律的科学知识与方法体系，主要包括自然科学和社会科学。自然科学主要是研究自然和揭示自然界规律，社会科学主要研究人类社会和揭示社会产生、存在和发展的规律。科学的本质在于创新，科学的特性是讲实话和揭示真相，“只有在讲实话、揭示真相的基础上，人类才能获得真正的自由。人类获得自由绝不是建立在对鬼神的畏惧、谄媚、贿买和奉献财物的基础上。”[11](P223)因此，必须坚持在大学生中大力普及科学知识，强调树立科学世界观、人生观和价值观的重要性，“加强普及科学教育的努力，加强反迷信的宣传。”[7](P103)崇尚科学，就要反对迷信。迷信是人们相信有神灵、鬼怪、妖魔等超自然东西存在的错误认识和行为，一些人利用某些低级的方式甚至巫术等迷信手段来危害社会，给大学生的身心健康带来了极大的危害。在这个问题上，我们的立场必须鲜明、态度必须坚决、措施必须有力，对危害社会的封建迷信活动，必须予以坚决的打击、揭露、批判和取缔。同时，要注意教育和正确引导大学生将迷信与宗教区别开来，迷信一般没有完整的教义、教规、组织，是与社会的一般法则相违背的，起着破坏社会秩序、扰乱人心、损害群众身体健康的作用，而宗教是由系统的组织、教义、教规和制度构成的完整的社会实体和思想体系，对于正常的宗教信仰和宗教活动，只要引导得好就有利于社会的稳定和民族的团结，宗教与迷信不是一回事；还要注意将封建迷信和民间信仰区别开来，不能动辄就取缔和打击诸如拜灶神、祖先、财神等民间的旧风陋俗，而是要通过加强马克思主义科学无神论的教育，“弘扬科学精神，普及科学知识，倡导移风易俗、抵制封建迷信”，[4](P25)这样才能教育和引导大学生远离迷信，树立正确的认识客观世界和宗教问题的能力。

Third, it is necessary to strengthen education in ideals and convictions among university students, so as to establish a correct worldview, outlook on life, values, and sense of honor and disgrace, and to correctly approach the religious question. Education in ideals and convictions mainly refers to, through strengthening education in the lofty ideal of communism, the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the system of core socialist values, enabling university students to firmly believe in taking the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and to firmly believe in realizing communism. Education in ideals and convictions is the core of Party building and ideological and political education work in China’s institutions of higher education; it is an important component of education in the Marxist scientific outlook of atheism; it concerns the implementation of the Party’s educational policy; and it concerns the cultivation of qualified builders and reliable successors for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, under the new circumstances in which the world and China are undergoing extensive and profound changes and transformations, and under the severe circumstances in which hostile forces are making more use of religious infiltration to implement “Westernization” and division against us, China’s institutions of higher education must vigorously strengthen the construction of the system of core socialist values, continuously expand the positions of excellent campus culture and the scientific spirit, strive to enhance the attractiveness and cohesion of socialist ideology, consciously uphold the guiding position of Marxism in China’s ideological domain, resolutely resist and guard against religious infiltration by hostile forces from abroad, educate and guide university students to establish a scientific worldview, outlook on life, values, and sense of honor and disgrace, further strengthen their scientific ideals and convictions in Marxism, and reduce the influence of religious idealism among university students.

再次，要在大学生中强化理想信念的教育，以树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观、荣辱观，正确对待宗教问题。理想信念教育，主要是指通过加强共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义理论体系和社会主义核心价值体系的教育，使大学生坚定走中国特色社会主义道路、坚信实现共产主义的信念。理想信念教育是我国高校党建和思想政治教育工作的核心，是马克思主义科学无神论教育的重要内容，事关党的教育方针的贯彻落实，事关中国特色社会主义事业合格建设者和可靠接班人的培养。因此，在当今世界和中国正在发生广泛而深刻的变化与变革的新形势下，在敌对势力更加注重利用宗教渗透对我实施“西化”、分化的严峻形势下，我国高校必须大力加强社会主义核心价值体系的建设，不断扩大校园优秀文化和科学精神的阵地，努力增强社会主义意识形态的吸引力和凝聚力，自觉维护马克思主义在我国意识形态领域的指导地位，坚决抵御和防范境外敌对势力的宗教渗透，教育和引导大学生树立科学的世界观、人生观、价值观和荣辱观，进一步坚定马克思主义的科学理想和信念，缩小宗教唯心论在大学生中的影响。

References:

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