Top Ten Hot Topics in Mao Zedong Thought Research for 2021

The year 2021 coincided with the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, and research on Mao Zedong Thought further deepened and heated up on the basis of the gradual flourishing seen in recent years. Although the number and scale of academic conferences were constrained by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, academic output improved markedly in both quantity and quality, and the understanding and grasp of the historical status, important role, and contemporary significance of Mao Zedong Thought were continuously elevated. In particular, the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party over the Past Century" (referred to as the "third historical resolution") [1]1 “The Communist” was an internal Party journal published by the CPC Central Committee from 1939 to 1941. adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC [2]2 “Two Poems in Seven-Character Regulated Verse: ‘Farewell to the Plague God’” refers to two poems Mao Zedong wrote in 1958 celebrating the eradication of schistosomiasis. greatly boosted the heat of research on Mao Zedong Thought. On CNKI [3]3 “Serve the People” is a 1944 speech by Mao Zedong commemorating the soldier Zhang Side., searches by title and keyword for "Mao Zedong" yielded 1,643 and 3,148 publicly published papers for 2021, respectively, a marked increase over 2020. More than 40 works on Comrade Mao Zedong were published, and over ten national-level conferences and forums were held. To further advance research on Mao Zedong Thought, on the basis of the selection of the "Top Ten Hot Topics in Mao Zedong Thought Research for 2020" last year, the Mao Zedong Thought Research Office of the Institute of Marxism of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences organized some experts and scholars in the field of Mao Zedong Thought research to jointly review and summarize the state of research on Mao Zedong Thought in 2021, from which the top ten research hot topics of the year were distilled, in order to provide a reference for deepening research on Mao Zedong Thought in the future, and also to provide theoretical material and reference for the vast numbers of Party members, cadres, and the masses to further study and research Mao Zedong Thought, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the CPC and the plenary sessions of the 19th Central Committee.

2021年恰逢中国共产党成立100周年，毛泽东思想研究在延续近年逐渐繁荣的基础上进一步深化、升温。虽然受新冠疫情影响，学术会议的数量与规模受到限制，但学术成果无论在数量还是质量上都有明显提升，对毛泽东思想的历史地位、重要作用与现实意义的认识和把握不断提高。特别是党的十九届六中全会通过的《中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议》（简称“第三个历史决议”），更是大大提升了毛泽东思想研究的热度。在中国知网上通过篇名与关键词检索“毛泽东”，查到2021公开发表的论文数量分别为1643篇和3148篇，较2020年有明显增多。出版的有关毛泽东同志的著作有40多部，全国性的相关会议、论坛十余场。为进一步推动毛泽东思想研究，在去年评出“2020年度毛泽东思想研究十大热点”的基础上，中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院毛泽东思想研究室组织毛泽东思想研究领域部分专家学者，一起对2021年度毛泽东思想研究状况进行回顾与总结，从中梳理出年度十大研究热点，以期为今后深化毛泽东思想研究提供参考，也为广大党员、干部、群众进一步深入学习、研究毛泽东思想、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大、十九届历次全会精神提供理论素材和参考。

I. The Third Historical Resolution and Mao Zedong Thought

一、第三个历史决议和毛泽东思想

The third historical resolution offered a high evaluation of Mao Zedong Thought that differs from the first two historical resolutions [4]4 “How to Study the History of the CPC” is a 1942 speech by Mao Zedong on Party history methodology., becoming a focus of attention for academic and theoretical circles and even for the entire Party and society as a whole. Academic and theoretical circles believe that the third historical resolution, from the broad perspective of the Party's century-long struggle, further systematically elucidates Comrade Mao Zedong's historical contributions to the Party's cause in theory and practice, as well as the historical status and great significance of Mao Zedong Thought, which is of great significance for Party building, the socialist cause, and the international communist movement. Some scholars argue that the third historical resolution adds the word "creative" to its understanding and summary of Mao Zedong Thought, thereby highlighting that Mao Zedong Thought is not a general application and development of Marxism but a creative contribution to Marxism. The third historical resolution clearly states that Mao Zedong Thought "is the correct theoretical principles and summary of experience concerning the revolution and construction of China that have been proven by practice," elucidating the major achievements and basic experience gained in the development of the Party's and the state's cause under the guidance of Mao Zedong Thought, and especially emphasizing that Comrade Mao Zedong's correct theoretical principles and summary of experience proven by practice during the period of socialist revolution and construction are an important component of Mao Zedong Thought, thereby deepening the understanding of the important status and great significance of Mao Zedong Thought. The third historical resolution, closely integrating the valuable experience accumulated in the Party's theoretical exploration over the century of struggle, clearly made the scientific generalization that Mao Zedong Thought is "the first historic leap in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context." This provides a fundamental guideline for scientifically evaluating Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought, and also enables more and more people to deeply recognize that Mao Zedong Thought is our eternal guide to action.

第三个历史决议对毛泽东思想作出了不同于前两个历史决议的高度评价，成为学术理论界乃至全党、全社会关注的焦点。学术理论界认为第三个历史决议从党的百年奋斗历程的宽广视角进一步系统阐明毛泽东同志对党的事业在理论上、实践上作出的历史性贡献和毛泽东思想的历史地位、重大意义，这对于党的建设、社会主义事业和国际共产主义运动的意义都十分重大。有学者认为，第三个历史决议对毛泽东思想的认识和概括增加“创造性”三个字，从而凸显了毛泽东思想不是对马克思主义的一般性运用和发展，而是对马克思主义的创造性贡献；第三个历史决议明确指出毛泽东思想“是被实践证明了的关于中国革命和建设的正确的理论原则和经验总结”，阐明了在毛泽东思想指引下党和国家事业发展取得的重大成就和基本经验，特别强调了毛泽东同志在社会主义革命和建设时期被实践证明了的正确的理论原则和经验总结是毛泽东思想的重要组成部分，更加深刻地认识到毛泽东思想的重要地位、伟大意义；第三个历史决议紧密结合党在百年奋斗中理论探索所积累的宝贵经验，明确作出了毛泽东思想是“马克思主义中国化的第一次历史性飞跃”的科学概括。这为科学评价毛泽东同志和毛泽东思想提供了根本遵循，也让越来越多人深刻认识到毛泽东思想是我们永远的行动指南。

II. The Status, Role, and Significance of Mao Zedong Thought in the Party's Century-Long History

二、毛泽东思想在党的百年历史上的地位、作用与意义

To deeply understand the development process of the Communist Party of China, it is necessary to attach importance to the study of Mao Zedong Thought. The year 2021 marked the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC, and research on Comrade Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong Thought, and the century-long history of the Party became a hot topic in academic and theoretical circles. Some scholars point out that Comrade Mao Zedong was the shaper and practitioner of the great spirit of Chinese Communists, and also the primary constructor of the spiritual genealogy of Chinese Communists, playing a foundational role in the cultivation, formation, and development of the CPC's spiritual genealogy and making irreplaceable and most important historical contributions. Other scholars, from the perspective of the history of the development of Mao Zedong Thought, analyze how Comrade Mao Zedong explored a revolutionary line of seeking truth from facts that led the Chinese revolution to victory; distilled a theory of how to think about the relationship between tradition and modernity, enabling the CPC to become the inheritor and bearer of China's fine traditional culture; and adhered to the principle of independence, avoiding theoretical and practical dependence on other countries. They point out that Comrade Mao Zedong not only effectively solved the problem of how to integrate theory with practice, but also, through in-depth analysis of China's history and reality, enabled Marxism to truly take root and grow on Chinese soil, allowed the broad masses of the people to achieve liberation and establish New China, and brought the CPC to maturity in thought and theory. On June 5, 2021, the Eighth Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Forum on Mao Zedong Thought, centered on the theme "Mao Zedong Thought at the Historical Intersection of a Century," conducted in-depth discussions on Mao Zedong Thought from multiple perspectives, including its truth power and practical force, its historical status, and its contemporary significance. After years of effort, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Forum on Mao Zedong Thought has become a brand forum with significant influence, cohesion, and leadership in the national field of Mao Zedong Thought research, guiding academic and theoretical circles to continuously deepen their research on Mao Zedong Thought and enabling more and more people to more deeply recognize the greatness of Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought. In addition, the 28th Annual Academic Conference of the Mao Zedong Philosophical Thought Research Society, held on October 23, 2021, also took "Mao Zedong and the Party's Eternal Foundation" as its theme. Through in-depth discussions, the participating experts and scholars deeply recognized that to understand China, one must understand the CPC; to understand the CPC, one must first deeply understand Comrade Mao Zedong; to understand Comrade Mao Zedong, one must deeply study his works; and to better uphold, develop, and innovate Marxism, one must study and apply Mao Zedong Thought well.

要想深入了解中国共产党的发展历程，就必须重视对毛泽东思想的研究。2021年是中国共产党成立100周年，关于毛泽东同志、毛泽东思想与建党百年历史的研究成为学术理论界关注的热点。有学者指出，毛泽东同志是中国共产党人伟大精神的塑造者、践行者，也是中国共产党人精神谱系的首要构建者，对中国共产党精神谱系的培育、形成与发展发挥了奠基性作用，作出了不可取代的、最重要的历史性贡献。还有学者从毛泽东思想发展史的角度，剖析毛泽东同志如何探索出一条实事求是的革命路线，让中国革命走向胜利；提炼出一套如何思考传统与现代关系的理论，使中国共产党成为中华优秀传统的继承者与担当者；坚持独立自主原则，避免在理论上与实践上依赖其他国家。指出毛泽东同志不但有效解决了理论如何与实际相结合的问题，还借由对中国历史与现实的深入分析，让马克思主义真正在中国大地上扎根成长，让广大人民翻身解放，建立新中国，使中国共产党在思想与理论上走向成熟。2021年6月5日，第八届中国社会科学院毛泽东思想论坛围绕“百年历史交汇点的毛泽东思想”的主题，从毛泽东思想的真理力量和实践伟力、毛泽东思想的历史地位、毛泽东思想的现实意义等多个视角对毛泽东思想进行了深入研讨。经过多年努力，中国社会科学院毛泽东思想论坛已经成为在全国毛泽东思想研究领域具有重要影响力、凝聚力、引领力的品牌论坛，引领学术理论界对毛泽东思想的研究不断走向深入，让越来越多人更加深刻认识到毛泽东和毛泽东思想的伟大。此外，2021年10月23日举行的毛泽东哲学思想研究会第28次学术年会也以“毛泽东与党的千秋基业”为主题，与会专家学者们通过深入研讨深刻认识到，要读懂中国必须读懂中国共产党，要读懂中国共产党必须首先深入读懂毛泽东同志，要读懂毛泽东同志必须深入研读毛泽东同志的著作，要更好地坚持、发展、创新马克思主义就必须学好用好毛泽东思想。

III. The Relationship between Mao Zedong Thought and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

三、毛泽东思想与习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的关系

In-depth research on the relationship between Mao Zedong Thought and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era has been one of the sustained focuses of academic and theoretical circles in recent years. In 2021, academic and theoretical circles intensified their research efforts from the historical height of the Party's centenary, producing a fruitful year that included both overall studies of the relationship between Mao Zedong Thought and Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and in-depth analyses from specific fields. Experts and scholars not only studied Comrade Xi Jinping's inheritance and innovation of Mao Zedong's thought on serving the people, and Comrade Xi Jinping's "two supremacies" [5]5 “The Chronicle of Mao Zedong (1949–1976)” is an official multi-volume chronological biography of Mao Zedong’s later years, published in 2013. requirement as an inheritance and development of Mao Zedong's "people as the subject" theory, but also explored the inheritance and development of Xi Jinping's thought on strengthening the military from Mao Zedong's thought on army building, and Com

深入研究毛泽东思想与习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想之间的关系是学术理论界近几年来持续关注的重点之一。2021年，学术理论界站在建党百年的历史高度加大研究力度，既有对毛泽东思想与习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想关系总体研究，也有从具体领域进行深入分析的，是成果丰硕的一年。专家学者们不仅研究了习近平同志对毛泽东为人民服务思想的传承与创新、习近平同志“两个至上”要求对毛泽东“人民主体”理论的继承与发展，而且探讨了习近平强军思想对毛泽东建军思想的继承和发展、习近平同志对毛泽东文化安全思想的继承与发展，有的学者剖析了习近平同志对毛泽东中国传统文化观的继承和发展，有的学者梳理了从毛泽东同志到习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人带领人民加强生态建设创造美好生活的百年征程。结合近两年的新冠肺炎疫情防控，有学者从历史的角度研究了从以毛泽东同志到以习近平同志为主要代表的中国共产党人对中医药发展的历史性贡献，有研究剖析了毛泽东卫生防疫思想的时代价值。还有学者从思想方法的角度，认为毛泽东同志坚持问题导向思想方法的实践逻辑对深入理解习近平同志关于坚持问题导向的重要论述和实事求是的思想路线等有着重要意义，认为习近平同志对毛泽东思维方法论的继承和发展主要体现在对毛泽东思维方法论精神实质的坚持和运用，并概念化、系统化地作出了新的阐释。此外，不少学者对党的百年成功经验的研究把主要着力点放在毛泽东同志、习近平同志身上，重点剖析他们的重大贡献。

IV. Comrade Mao Zedong and the Great Founding Spirit of the Party

四、毛泽东同志与伟大建党精神

At the ceremony marking the centenary of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping for the first time put forward the great founding spirit of the Party, namely, "upholding truth and ideals, staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission, braving sacrifice and fighting valiantly, and remaining loyal to the Party and faithful to the people." The great founding spirit has been deeply integrated into the blood of the Party, the country, the nation, and the people, becoming an important component of the Chinese national spirit and the spirit of the times. In 2021, research on Comrade Mao Zedong and the great founding spirit of the Party became a hot topic of concern in academic and theoretical circles. Academic and theoretical circles believe that the formation and development of the great founding spirit of the Party is a long-term process. In the process of refining and adhering to the Party's purpose, forming and upholding the Party's ideological line, and tempering the Party's organization, the Communist Party of China gradually matured, and in this process, Comrade Mao Zedong played an irreplaceable role. The 14th National "Mao Zedong Forum" held on December 18, 2021, had the theme "Mao Zedong and the Great Founding Spirit of the Party," with over a hundred experts and scholars conducting multi-dimensional in-depth discussions through a combination of offline and online methods. Academic and theoretical circles have also further deepened their research. Many scholars believe that the great founding spirit of the Party was not only formed in the process of founding the Communist Party of China but was also continuously carried forward and passed down from generation to generation in the great practice and great struggle of China's revolution, construction, reform, and the New Era. In this process, Comrade Mao Zedong's contribution occupies a pioneering position. Comrade Mao Zedong nurtured the great founding spirit of the Party in his great revolutionary practice, laid the philosophical foundation, fine traditions, and red genes for the great founding spirit, and pointed out the fundamental path for transforming the great founding spirit into a powerful material force.

在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上，习近平总书记首次提出“坚持真理、坚守理想，践行初心、担当使命，不怕牺牲、英勇斗争，对党忠诚、不负人民”的伟大建党精神。伟大建党精神已深深融入党、国家、民族、人民的血脉，成为中华民族精神和时代精神的重要组成部分。2021年，关于毛泽东同志与伟大建党精神的研究成为学术理论界关注的热点问题。学术理论界认为，伟大建党精神的形成和发展，是一个长期的过程，在党的宗旨的凝练和坚守、党的思想路线的形成和坚持、党的组织的锤炼过程中，中国共产党逐渐成熟，在这一过程中，毛泽东同志发挥了不可替代的作用。2021年12月18日举行的第十四届全国“毛泽东论坛”主题就是“毛泽东与伟大建党精神”，百余名专家学者以线下和线上相结合的方式展开了多维度的深入研讨。学术理论界也进一步深化研究，不少学者认为，伟大建党精神，既是在创建中国共产党的过程中形成的，也是在中国革命、建设、改革和新时代的伟大实践、伟大奋斗中不断发扬光大、代代相传的。在这个过程中，毛泽东同志的贡献处于开创性地位。毛泽东同志在伟大革命实践中哺育了伟大建党精神，为伟大建党精神奠定了哲学基础、优良传统和红色基因，为伟大建党精神转化为强大物质力量指明了根本途径。

V. Mao Zedong Thought and the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation

五、毛泽东思想与中华民族伟大复兴

As the guide to action that successfully led the Chinese revolution, especially the socialist revolution and construction, to continuous victory, the significant contribution and important role of Mao Zedong Thought in the process of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation continued to be a hot topic of research in academic and theoretical circles this year. Experts and scholars explored the relationship between Mao Zedong Thought and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation from multiple perspectives, including ideological content, role and contribution, historical status, and contemporary value. They generally believe that the consideration of the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is an important component of Mao Zedong Thought. Under the guidance of Mao Zedong Thought, the Communist Party of China led the Chinese people to create a party capable of undertaking the mission of national rejuvenation, open up a correct path of revolution and construction suited to China's national conditions, establish a socialist New China, and lay the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional foundation for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Even in the 21st century, Mao Zedong Thought remains the spiritual driving force for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Some scholars also believe that Mao Zedong Thought fully embodies the unity of the Party's original aspiration and founding mission with its ideals and beliefs, which has important guiding significance for the journey to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation today. Focusing on this important theme, Xiangtan University held an international academic conference on "Mao Zedong and National Rejuvenation" on October 30, 2021. Over a hundred scholars from domestic and foreign universities and research institutions, including the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, *Qiushi* magazine, the Central Party School of the CPC, Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Russian Academy of Sciences, attended the conference and conducted concentrated and in-depth discussions on the relationship between Comrade Mao Zedong, Mao Zedong Thought, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

作为成功引领中国革命特别是社会主义革命和与建设事业不断走向胜利的行动指南，毛泽东思想在实现中华民族伟大复兴过程中的重大贡献与重要作用在本年度持续成为学术理论界研究的热点。专家学者们从思想内容、贡献作用、历史地位及当代价值等多个角度探讨了毛泽东思想与中华民族伟大复兴之间的关系，普遍认为对于中华民族复兴的思考是毛泽东思想的重要组成部分。在毛泽东思想指引下，中国共产党领导中国人民创建了一个担当民族复兴大任的党，开辟了一条适合中国国情的正确革命与建设道路，创建了社会主义新中国，为实现中华民族伟大复兴奠定了根本的政治前提和制度基础。即使在21世纪的今天，毛泽东思想仍然是中华民族复兴的精神动力。也有学者认为，毛泽东思想充分体现了党在初心使命与理想信念上的统一，这对于今天实现中华民族伟大复兴的征程具有重要指导意义。围绕这一重要主题，湘潭大学在2021年10月30日举办了“毛泽东与民族复兴”国际学术会议，来自中国社会科学院、《求是》杂志社、中共中央党校、北京大学、清华大学、俄罗斯科学院等国内外高校和科研机构的一百余名学者参加会议，对毛泽东同志、毛泽东思想与中华民族伟大复兴的关系进行了集中深入的研讨。

VI. Comrade Mao Zedong and Chinese-Path Modernization

六、毛泽东同志与中国式现代化

As the explorer, founder, and pioneer of Chinese-path modernization, research on Comrade Mao Zedong's thought on socialist modernization and its contemporary value has become one of the key concerns of academic and theoretical circles. Some scholars believe that Comrade Mao Zedong correctly grasped the dialectical relationships between modernization and revolution, comprehensiveness and focus, ideality and reality, and independence and learning from others. He emphasized that modernization was an inevitable requirement of modern China but could not be carried out in old China; revolution was the primary task of modern China, creating the prerequisite foundation for modernization construction, and denying revolution with a "modernization view of history" is wrong. The Chinese modernization strategy formulated by Comrade Mao Zedong adhered to the combination of comprehensive development with breakthroughs in key areas, the unity of hard power and soft power, and the coordination of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress. It not only adhered to the long-term goal of a powerful modern country but also formulated and implemented a "two-step" deployment. It emphasized both taking our own path and adhering to independence, as well as learning from foreign countries and critically drawing on foreign experience. He was the pioneer of the Chinese-path modernization road. Some research points out that Comrade Mao Zedong combined China's actual national conditions to conduct bold explorations, put forward a series of original expositions, viewpoints, and propositions, and formed a systematic and complete Mao Zedong thought on socialist modernization construction. Some scholars believe that Comrade Mao Zedong's *On the Ten Major Relationships* is a classic document showcasing Comrade Mao Zedong's thought on socialist modernization construction. This classic document opened a magnificent chapter on taking China's own path of industrialization and building a modern socialist country, guiding the pioneering and innovation of the Chinese-path modernization road.

作为中国式现代化建设的探索者、奠基者和开拓者，毛泽东同志关于社会主义现代化建设思想及其时代价值的研究成为学术理论界关注的重点之一。有学者认为，毛泽东同志正确把握现代化与革命、全面性与重点性、理想性与现实性、自主性与借鉴性的辩证关系，强调现代化是近代中国的必然要求，但在旧中国无法开展，革命是近代中国的首要任务，为现代化建设创造前提基础，以“现代化史观”否定革命是错误的。毛泽东同志制定的中国现代化战略，坚持全面发展与重点突破相结合、硬实力和软实力相统一、物质文明和精神文明相协调，既坚持现代化强国的远景目标又制定实施“两步走”部署，既强调走自己的路、坚持独立自主又强调向外国学习、批判地借鉴外国经验，是中国式现代化道路的开拓者。有研究指出，毛泽东同志结合中国的实际国情进行大胆探索，提出了一系列原创性论述、观点和主张，形成了系统完整的毛泽东社会主义现代化建设思想。有的学者认为，毛泽东同志的《论十大关系》是一篇展现毛泽东社会主义现代化建设思想的经典文献，这篇经典文献开启了走出一条中国自己的工业化道路、建设社会主义现代化国家的宏伟篇章，指引着中国式现代化道路的开拓创新。

VII. Comrade Mao Zedong's Thought on Ideology and Cultural Construction

七、毛泽东同志关于意识形态和文化建设的思想

Entering the New Era, the extreme importance of ideological work has become more prominent. Academic and theoretical circles have not diminished their research intensity on Mao Zedong's ideological thought and Mao Zedong's cultural construction thought, focusing mainly on the two stages of the Yan'an period and after the founding of New China. Some research holds that the *Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art* achieved another major turning point in Chinese literature and art since the May Fourth Movement. During the Yan'an period, Comrade Mao Zedong proposed and gradually formed an aesthetic thought of literature and art that takes the people as beauty, seeks truth and reality as beauty, emphasizes both popularization and improvement as beauty, and values Chinese style and Chinese manner as beauty. After the establishment of the socialist system, Comrade Mao Zedong clarified that socialist ideology has the distinct characteristics of being internal to the people, critical, and defensive, promoting the establishment of Marxism's fundamental guiding position in the field of literature and art. Some research systematically sorted out Mao Zedong's ideological thought and its significant contributions from the height of the Party's century-long ideological construction, pointing out that Comrade Mao Zedong was an important founder, builder, and pioneer of the Party's ideological thought. Other research specifically summarized the experiences of Comrade Mao Zedong's construction of ideological discourse power, mainly including: emphasizing the special importance of ideology to consolidate discourse status; strengthening the Party's leadership over ideology to enhance discourse guidance; enriching the discourse connotation of ideology to clarify value orientation; promoting the transformation of Marxist discourse to achieve discourse innovation; and strengthening the propaganda and education of ideology to facilitate discourse dissemination. Some research analyzed the discourse narrative of Mao Zedong's view of cultural dynamics, believing that Mao Zedong's view of cultural dynamics takes historical materialism and materialist dialectics as its philosophical foundation, takes historical context and contemporary circumstances as the narrative space of cultural forces, takes the masses as the narrative subject of cultural forces, and narrates from the discourse structure the ideological forces that determine political direction, the scientific and technological forces that reflect the level of productive forces, and the literary and artistic forces that display spiritual life. Some research also highlighted Comrade Mao Zedong's significant contributions to the Party's ideological construction from the perspective of the main experiences of the Party's century-long ideological construction.

进入新时代，意识形态工作的极端重要性更加凸显。学术理论界对毛泽东意识形态思想和毛泽东文化建设思想的研究热度不减，着重关注延安时期与新中国成立后这两个阶段。有研究认为，《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》实现了“五四”以来中国文艺的又一次重大转折，延安时期毛泽东同志提出并逐渐形成了以人民为美、以求实求真为美、以普及与提高并重为美、以中国作风和中国气派为美的文艺审美思想。社会主义制度建立后，毛泽东同志明确社会主义意识形态具有人民内部性、批判性和辩护性的鲜明特性，推动确立了马克思主义在文艺领域的根本指导地位。有的研究从党的百年意识形态建设的高度系统梳理了毛泽东意识形态思想及其重大贡献，指出毛泽东同志是党的意识形态思想的重要奠基者、构建者、开拓者。还有研究具体总结了毛泽东同志意识形态话语权建构的经验，主要包括: 强调意识形态特殊重要性，巩固话语地位；加强党对意识形态的领导，增强话语引领；丰富意识形态的话语内涵，明确价值导向；推动马克思主义话语转化，实现话语创新；加强对意识形态的宣传教育，助力话语传播。有研究分析了毛泽东文化动力观的话语叙事，认为毛泽东文化动力观以唯物史观和唯物辩证法为哲学基础，以历史语境和现实境遇为文化力量的叙事空间，以人民群众为文化力量的叙事主体，从话语层构上对决定政治方向的意识形态力量、体现生产力水平的科学技术力量和展示精神生活的文学艺术力量展开了叙说。也有一些研究从党的百年意识形态建设的主要经验的视角凸显了毛泽东同志对党的意识形态建设的重大贡献。

VIII. Comrade Mao Zedong's Classic Works and Their Contemporary Value

八、毛泽东同志经典著作及其时代价值

Comrade Mao Zedong’s writings are the important carriers and textual basis of Mao Zedong Thought; in-depth research on Comrade Mao Zedong’s classic writings and their contemporary value is an important aspect of Mao Zedong Thought research. In 2021, the academic and theoretical circles continued to deepen research on Comrade Mao Zedong’s relevant classic writings, exploring their background of composition, process, revisions, theoretical contributions, dissemination, and contemporary significance. Scholars analyzed the historical status of Comrade Mao Zedong’s 1942 work “Economic and Financial Problems” and the thinking methods on Party building contained in the “Introduction to ‘The Communist’,” [1]1 “The Communist” was an internal Party journal published by the CPC Central Committee from 1939 to 1941. examined the causes of the creation of “Two Poems in Seven-Character Regulated Verse: ‘Farewell to the Plague God,’” [2]2 “Two Poems in Seven-Character Regulated Verse: ‘Farewell to the Plague God’” refers to two poems Mao Zedong wrote in 1958 celebrating the eradication of schistosomiasis. examined the background, process, status, and contemporary value of the composition of “Serve the People,” [3]3 “Serve the People” is a 1944 speech by Mao Zedong commemorating the soldier Zhang Side. and examined the writing and revision of the original text of “On Contradiction,” as well as the textual structure after revision and its theoretical status and international influence. Some scholars also pointed out that “How to Study the History of the CPC” [4]4 “How to Study the History of the CPC” is a 1942 speech by Mao Zedong on Party history methodology. provides the main methods for studying and learning Party history and four important principles that should be adhered to, and discussed the contemporary value of “Xunwu Investigation,” “In Memory of Norman Bethune,” “Methods of Work of Party Committees,” and “On Contradiction.” Some scholars believe that “Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society” is one of the representative works that initially expressed Mao Zedong Thought, and also a classic document with milestone significance in the process of the maturation and development of Mao Zedong Thought. It is of extremely important significance for both Party building and the Chinese revolution and construction, and has extremely important practical significance for ensuring that Party building and the socialist cause in the New Era always advance along the correct direction and path. Some research pointed out that studying Comrade Mao Zedong’s thought and practice after the founding of New China requires consciously taking “The Chronicle of Mao Zedong (1949–1976)” [5]5 “The Chronicle of Mao Zedong (1949–1976)” is an official multi-volume chronological biography of Mao Zedong’s later years, published in 2013. as the authoritative basis, taking a firm stand and a correct attitude, and continuously strengthening the problem consciousness in Mao research through in-depth use of this document. Starting in September 2021, the Mao Zedong Thought Research Office of the Institute of Marxism of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences successively carried out “Rereading Selected Works of Mao Zedong” reading group activities, striving to promote research on Mao Zedong Thought through deepening the study of Comrade Mao Zedong’s classic writings, consolidating the solid foundation of academic research, and further deepening academic research. This elicited a relatively large and positive response and was considered to have played a good leading role.

毛泽东同志的著作，是毛泽东思想的重要载体和文本依据；深入研究毛泽东同志经典著作及其时代价值，是毛泽东思想研究的重要方面。2021年，学术理论界继续对毛泽东同志有关经典著作进行深化研究，探讨其写作的背景、过程、修改、理论贡献、传播、时代意义等。学者们分析了毛泽东同志1942年《经济问题与财政问题》的历史地位和《〈共产党人〉发刊词》蕴含的关于党的建设的思维方法，考察了《七律二首·送瘟神》创作的成因，考察了《为人民服务》成文的背景、过程、地位及其当代价值，考察了《矛盾论》原文本的写作、修改及修改后的文本结构及其理论地位、国际影响。还有学者指出《如何研究中共党史》给出了学习研究党史的主要方法和应该坚持的四项重要原则，探讨了《寻乌调查》《纪念白求恩》《党委会的工作方法》《矛盾论》的当代价值。有学者认为，《中国社会各阶级的分析》是毛泽东思想最初表现的代表性著作之一，也是一篇毛泽东思想发展成熟过程中具有里程碑意义的经典文献，无论对党的建设还是中国革命和建设都具有极其重要的意义，并且对确保新时代党的建设和社会主义事业始终沿着正确方向、道路前进具有极其重要的现实意义。有研究指出，研究新中国成立后毛泽东同志的思想和实践，需要自觉以《毛泽东年谱（1949—1976）》为权威依据，站稳立场、端正态度，在深度运用该文献中不断强化毛泽东研究的问题意识。从2021年9月开始，中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院毛泽东思想研究室连续开展“重读毛选”读书会活动，力求通过深化学习毛泽东同志的经典著作推动对毛泽东思想的研究，夯实学术研究的坚实基础，进一步深化学术研究，引起较大、较好反响，被认为是起到了很好地引领作用。

9. The Overseas Dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought

九、毛泽东思想的海外传播

Research on the overseas dissemination of Mao Zedong Thought has not diminished in intensity, mainly focusing on the publication, translation, and dissemination of Comrade Mao Zedong’s writings and Comrade Mao Zedong’s poems abroad. From the perspective of research subjects, scholars with a journalism background are in the majority. In terms of content, some scholars studied the publication and translation of Comrade Mao Zedong’s writings in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal and their contemporary implications, sorted out the overseas dissemination and utilization of multilingual versions of Comrade Mao Zedong’s writings and the worldwide dissemination of the London English edition of “Selected Works of Mao Zedong,” and discussed strategies for English translation of Comrade Mao Zedong’s poems from the perspective of external communication in the New Era. Some research sorted out the history of the translation, publication, and dissemination of Comrade Mao Zedong’s writings into African national languages such as Swahili and Hausa, assessed the dissemination effect of Comrade Mao Zedong’s writings on the African continent, and proposed that this was an early practice of providing the world with the Chinese path, Chinese wisdom, and Chinese solutions under the Cold War pattern, especially the exploration of the path of New China’s economic construction, which had directional significance for African developing countries. Some research sorted out the construction and dissemination of the image of Comrade Mao Zedong by Western journalists during the Yan’an period, [6]6 The Yan’an period (1935–1948) refers to the CPC’s base area in Shaanxi Province, where the Party consolidated its ideology and leadership. arguing that the relevant reports on Comrade Mao Zedong, whether in excavating Comrade Mao Zedong’s physical features and personality traits or in displaying Comrade Mao Zedong’s inner theoretical cultivation, all completed a rewriting of Comrade Mao Zedong’s leader image. These portrayals of different facets, through dissemination via media tools such as text, photographs, and documentaries, spread more widely among domestic people and internationally.

对毛泽东思想海外传播的研究热度不减，主要关注毛泽东同志著作、毛泽东同志诗词在海外的出版、翻译和传播。从研究主体看，新闻学背景出身的学者居多。内容上看，有学者研究了毛泽东同志著作在巴基斯坦、孟加拉国、尼泊尔的出版翻译及其当代启示，梳理了毛泽东同志著述多语种版本的海外传播、利用和《毛泽东选集》伦敦英文版的世界传播，探讨了新时代对外传播视域下毛泽东同志诗词英译策略研究。有研究梳理了毛泽东同志著作斯瓦希里语、豪萨语等非洲民族语言翻译、出版与传播的历史，评估了毛泽东同志著作在非洲大陆的传播效果，提出这是在冷战格局下为世界提供中国道路、中国智慧、中国方案的较早实践，特别是新中国经济建设之路的探索，对于非洲发展中国家具有方向性意义。有研究梳理了延安时期西方记者对毛泽东同志形象的建构与传播，认为围绕毛泽东同志的相关报道无论是对于毛泽东同志外貌特征、性格特点的挖掘，还是对于毛泽东同志内在理论修养的展示，均完成了毛泽东同志领袖形象的再书写。这些不同侧面的形象书写，透过文字、照片、纪录片等媒介工具的传播，在国内民众以及国际范围中更为广泛地传播开来。

Comrade Mao Zedong and the Party’s Self-Revolution

十、毛泽东同志与党的自我革命

Having the courage to engage in self-revolution is the most distinctive character of the Communist Party of China and also the Party’s greatest strength. The century-long Party history is a history of having the courage to engage in self-revolution. Many scholars focus on Comrade Mao Zedong’s thought on self-revolution, both analyzing the content and significance of Mao’s relevant thought and exploring its implications and value for the New Era. Some scholars point out that Comrade Mao Zedong’s theoretical reflections on the Party’s self-revolution are an important component of the Sinicized Marxist theory of political parties. Its scientific connotations include: preserving the Party’s advanced nature and purity through self-improvement by strengthening study and education; forging the Party’s fine work style through self-purification in solving the Party’s own prominent problems; strengthening the Party’s combat effectiveness through self-perfection by carrying out criticism and self-criticism; and shaping the Party’s lofty image through self-innovation by opposing corruption and preventing risks. Some research sorted out Comrade Mao Zedong’s expositions on the Party’s self-revolution, arguing that they embody the organic integration of the basic principles of Marxism, excellent Chinese traditional culture, and the practical exploration of the Chinese revolution and construction, adapt to the characteristics and focal points of revolution at different stages and develop continuously along with the revolutionary struggle. This has important practical and practical significance for advancing the great new project of Party building in the New Era and always maintaining the Party’s advanced nature and purity. Some scholars believe that Mao Zedong’s thought on Party building is the opening work of Sinicized Marxist Party building theory. The political construction of the Party has been placed first in the New Era, which has also sparked scholars’ research on Mao Zedong’s thought on the Party’s political construction. Some research specifically analyzed the logical path of Mao Zedong’s thought on the Party’s political construction during the War of Resistance Against Japan, [7]7 The War of Resistance Against Japan (1937–1945) was China’s war against Japanese invasion. sorting out Mao Zedong’s thought on safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized, unified leadership. Some scholars also studied Comrade Mao Zedong’s thought on work style construction and anti-corruption and clean governance construction.

勇于自我革命，是中国共产党最鲜明的品格，也是党最大的优势。百年党史，就是一部勇于自我革命的历史。不少学者聚焦毛泽东同志关于自我革命的思想，既分析毛泽东有关思想的内容和意义，又探讨其对新时代的启示和价值。有学者指出，毛泽东同志对党的自我革命的理论思考是中国化马克思主义政党学说的重要组成部分，其科学内涵包括从加强学习教育的自我提高中永葆党的先进性和纯洁性，在解决党自身突出问题的自我净化中锻造党的优良作风，从开展批评和自我批评的自我完善中加强党的战斗力，从反对腐败与防范风险的自我革新中塑造党的崇高形象。有研究梳理了毛泽东同志关于党的自我革命论述，认为其体现了马克思主义基本原理、中国优秀传统文化和中国革命建设实践探索的有机结合，适应不同阶段革命的特点和重心并随着革命斗争而不断发展，这对推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程，始终保持党的先进性、纯洁性，具有重要的现实意义和实践意义。有学者认为，毛泽东党建思想是中国化马克思主义党建理论的开篇之作。党的政治建设在新时代被摆在首位，这也引发学者对毛泽东党的政治建设思想的研究。有研究具体分析了抗战时期毛泽东党的政治建设思想的逻辑进路，梳理了毛泽东关于维护党中央权威和集中统一领导思想。部分学者还研究了毛泽东同志的作风建设、反腐倡廉建设思想等。

In summary, 2021 was a year of abundant harvest in Mao Zedong Thought research, truly a case of a hundred schools of thought contending and a hundred boats racing forward. We have only selected representative aspects for summarization, hoping that the academic community will continue to deepen the understanding of the historical role, important status, major value, and great significance of Mao Zedong Thought, more actively promote and deepen research on Mao Zedong Thought, attract more young scholars to join the ranks of Mao Zedong Thought researchers, and work together to do an even better job in the cause of studying Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought.

总之，2021年是毛泽东思想研究的丰收之年，可谓百家争鸣、百舸争流。我们只是选择了其中有代表性的方面加以总结，希望学术界继续深化对毛泽东思想的历史作用、重要地位、重大价值、伟大意义的认识，更加积极地推动、深化毛泽东思想研究，吸引更多年轻学者加入到毛泽东思想研究的队伍中来，齐心协力把毛泽东和毛泽东思想研究的事业搞得更好。

(Authors: Zhu Jidong, Fang Tao, Yang Junfeng, Wang Yonghao, Yu Xiaolei)

（执笔：朱继东、方涛、杨俊峰、王永浩、于晓雷）