Deeply Study and Comprehend Xi Jinping’s Thought on Upholding the Party’s Overall Leadership

In accordance with the notice from the Academy of Marxism on strengthening the study and implementation of the major decisions and deployments of the Party Leadership Group of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, important meetings of the Academy, and the instructions and directives of the Academy’s leadership, the Department of International Communist Movements has formulated a plan for intensifying collective study of ideology and theory in the second half of 2022.

根据马研院关于加强学习贯彻落实中国社科院院党组重大决策部署、院重要会议及院领导指示批示精神的通知，国际共运部研究制定了2022年下半年加强意识形态理论集体学习计划。

On July 20, 2022, the Department of International Communist Movements conducted its first collective theoretical study session on strengthening ideological construction, focusing on the content “Upholding the Party’s Overall Leadership” from the fourth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*. This study and exchange session adopted a combination of lectures and discussions. Yuan Xiuli, Deputy Director of the Department of International Communist Movements, chaired the meeting, and all members of the department participated in the study and exchange.

2022年7月20日，国际共产主义运动研究部开展了加强意识形态建设工作的第一次集体理论学习，主要围绕《习近平谈治国理政》第四卷中“坚持党的全面领导”的内容展开。本次学习交流采取主讲与讨论相结合的方式，国际共运研究部副主任苑秀丽主持会议，研究部全体人员参加学习和交流。

(Venue of the Department of International Communist Movements’ study session on the fourth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*)

（国际共运研究部学习《习近平谈治国理政》第四卷会场）

Pan Jin’e, Director of the Department and Secretary of the Party Branch, first provided an explanation of the arrangements for this study session. She stated that this special study session on the fourth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* is the first centralized theoretical study on strengthening ideological construction, formulated on the basis of the department’s in-depth study and understanding of the major decisions and deployments of the Party Leadership Group of the Academy, important meetings of the Academy, and the instructions and directives of the Academy’s leadership. This study session is led by comrades from the Research Office on the History of International Communist Movements, with other comrades participating in the discussion.

研究部主任、支部书记潘金娥研究员首先就本次学习安排进行了说明。她提出，本次开展的《习近平谈治国理政》第四卷专题学习是国际共运研究部在深入学习领会院党组重大决策部署、院重要会议和院领导指示批示精神和学习内容的基础上，所制定的加强意识形态建设的第一次集中理论学习。本次学习由国际共产主义运动史研究室的同志们主讲，其他同志参与讨论。

Regarding the study method, she further proposed the study requirement of the “Two Integrations.” [1]1 “The great affairs of the state” (国之大者) is a phrase used First, the study of the fourth volume of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* should be integrated with the content of the first three volumes, which helps form a holistic understanding of the material and grasp the basic content and internal logic of Xi Jinping’s thought on governance. Second, in-depth special research should be conducted by integrating the disciplinary knowledge background of international communist movements. By drawing on the sorting and comparative analysis of relevant concepts, categories, and ideas by classical Marxist writers, we can deeply study and thoroughly understand the core essence and theoretical innovations of Xi Jinping’s thought on governance.

在学习方式方面，她进一步提出“两个结合”的学习要求。一是应结合《习近平谈治国理政》前三卷内容重点开展对《习近平谈治国理政》第四卷的专题学习，这样有助于形成对所学内容的整体认知，把握习近平治国理政思想的基本内容及内在逻辑；二是结合国际共产主义运动学科知识背景开展深入专题研究。借助对马克思主义经典作家对于相关概念、范畴、思想的梳理与对比分析，学深悟透习近平治国理政思想的核心要义与理论创新所在。

Subsequently, comrades from the Research Office on the History of International Communist Movements, as the main speakers, reported their study experiences one after another.

随后，国际共产主义运动史研究室的同志作为主讲人，先后汇报了自己的学习的体会。

(Comrades from the Research Office on the History of International Communist Movements delivering keynote speeches)

（国际共运史研究室同志做主题发言）

Pan Xihua, Director of the Research Office on the History of International Communist Movements, delivered a report titled “Cherish the ‘Great Matters of the State’ and Uphold the Party’s Overall Leadership.” [2] Focusing on five key terms—“great matters of the state,” “the Party’s overall leadership,” “comprehensively strengthening Party building,” “upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership,” and “maintaining the Party’s unity and solidarity”—she reported her study experiences from five aspects. First, “great matters of the state.” As the overall situation, major events, and key issues that the Party Central Committee cares about and emphasizes, the “great matters of the state” are the most important interests of the Party and the state and the positions that most need to be firmly safeguarded. The “great matters of the state” are great in terms of fundamental interests, great in focusing on strategic patterns, and great in raising political stance. The criterion for judging them is one: whether they concern the fundamental interests of the Party and the state. Second, upholding the Party’s overall leadership has rich connotations. Upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership does not mean that the Party should “take on everything” or “replace everything,” but rather that the Communist Party of China occupies a leadership position of overall planning and coordinating all parties in the various undertakings of the Party and the state. Upholding the Party’s overall leadership is not abstract but concrete; the Party’s overall leadership must be practically implemented in all activities of governance. The most important aspect of upholding the Party’s overall leadership is that the entire Party must obey the Central Committee and always uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership. Third, upholding the Party’s core leadership position and maintaining the Party’s unity and solidarity are the fundamental guarantees for the success of the Party’s and the people’s cause. Maintaining the Party’s unity and solidarity is the lifeblood of the Party and the key to our Party becoming a century-old party and creating a century of great achievements. To maintain the Party’s unity and solidarity, it is necessary to be loyal to the Party and to guide the Party’s unity and solidarity by upholding the “Two Upholds.” [3] Fourth, correctly grasping several pairs of relationships in upholding the Party’s overall leadership, specifically including: upholding the Party’s overall leadership is the only way to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics; the Party’s overall leadership profoundly shapes the political advantages of whole-process people’s democracy; upholding the Party’s overall leadership requires comprehensively strengthening Party building; taking the new path of Chinese-path modernization requires upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China; upholding the Party’s overall leadership must adhere to the people-centered principle, etc. Fifth, as researchers of the national team, especially those who are Party members, we should cherish the “great matters of the state,” strengthen our awareness of being a political organ, take a clear stand on politics, stand firm and reliable politically, and effectively implement the enhancement of the “Four Consciousnesses,” [4] the strengthening of the “Four Confidences,” [5] and the achievement of the “Two Upholds” in concrete actions.

国际共产主义运动史研究室主任潘西华以《心怀“国之大者”，坚持党的全面领导》为题，围绕“国之大者”“党的全面领导”“全面加强党的建设”“维护党中央权威和集中统一领导”“保持党的团结统一”这五个关键词，从五个方面汇报了学习体会。第一，“国之大者”。“国之大者”作为党中央关心和强调的大局大势大事，是党和国家最重要的利益、最需要坚定维护的立场。“国之大者”大在根本利益、大在着眼战略格局、大在提高政治站位。其判断的标准就是一条：是否事关党和国家根本利益。第二，坚持党的全面领导具有丰富的内涵。坚持和加强党的全面领导，不是说党要“包打天下”，并不是“取代一切”，而是指中国共产党在党和国家的各项事业中居于总揽全局、协调各方的领导地位；坚持党的全面领导不是抽象的，而是具体的，必须将党的全面领导务实地落实到治国理政的全部活动中；坚持党的全面领导，最重要的就是全党必须服从中央，始终维护党中央权威和集中统一领导。第三，坚持党的领导核心地位，坚持党的团结统一，是党和人民事业成功的根本保证。保持党的团结统一是党的生命，也是我们党成为百年大党、创造世纪伟业的关键所在。保持党的团结统一，必须做到对党忠诚，坚持以‘两个维护’引领全党团结统一。第四，坚持党的全面领导需正确把握的几对关系，具体包括：坚持党的全面领导是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的必由之路；党的全面领导深刻塑造全过程人民民主政治优势；坚持党的全面领导必须全面加强党的建设；走好中国式现代化新道路，必须坚持中国共产党的领导；坚持党的全面领导必须坚持人民至上的理念等。第五，作为国家队科研人员，特别是作为党员的科研人员，应心怀“国之大者”，增强政治机关意识，要旗帜鲜明讲政治，在政治上站得稳、靠得住，切实把增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”落实到实际行动中。

Wang You, taking “Party spirit” as the entry point, combined the exposition of the triple connotations of “Party spirit” by classical Marxist writers, especially Lenin, to comparatively analyze the theoretical innovations and developments achieved in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s discussions on firmly establishing the “Party spirit

王游以“党性”为切入点，结合马克思主义经典作家特别是列宁有关“党性”的三重内涵的阐述，对比分析了习近平总书记有关坚定“党性”立场、加强“党性”修养等论述所实现的理论创新与发展。他认为，党性是马克思主义的一个重要概念，也是中国共产党对党员的基本要求。习近平总书记对党性问题极为重视，在讲话中多次谈到相关内容。例如，他在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告《决胜全面建成小康社会 夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利》中要求：“全党要更加自觉地坚定党性原则，勇于直面问题，敢于刮骨疗毒，消除一切损害党的先进性和纯洁性的因素”，“全党同志特别是高级干部要加强党性锻炼，不断提高政治觉悟和政治能力，把对党忠诚、为党分忧、为党尽职、为民造福作为根本政治担当，永葆共产党人政治本色。”通过对马克思主义发展史、国际共产主义运动史的追溯，我们可以发现，党性是在各国共产党人的革命实践中被不断加以重视的一个重大问题，关乎无产阶级政党的生命力。马克思主义经典作家对党性问题作出过大量深刻论述，以列宁为例，他通过1904年前后写成的《进一步，退两步》等著作，批驳了俄国社会民主工党建党初期党内普遍存在的与党性相悖的“小组习气”和“手工业方式”，提出了包括党的纲领、策略规定、组织经验等内容的“党性基础”，并进一步明确了理论层面的党性、哲学层面的党性以及组织层面的党性，一扫党员的宗派主义、自由主义思想，大大增强了党的战斗力。在新时代，列宁等马克思主义经典作家提出的党性观依然具有旺盛生命力，对于全面加强党的建设、制度建设有着重要的现实意义。

Yu Hui, drawing on six speeches by General Secretary Xi Jinping from 20 April 2020 to 1 March 2022 concerning the “greatest concerns of the state”[1]1 “The great affairs of the state” (国之大者) is a phrase used, deeply understands and sorts out the connotation of the “greatest concerns of the state” from the three levels of value, theory, and practice. She points out that, at the value level, the Communist Party of China, as the vanguard of the working class, has inscribed the word “people” on its banner since its founding, always bearing in mind that power is exercised for the people, feelings are tied to the people, and benefits are sought for the people, following the principle that the Party comes from the people, is rooted in the people, insists on doing everything for the people and relying on the people, and serves the people wholeheartedly. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out, “The country is the people

遇荟结合习近平总书记在2020年4月20日至2022年3月1日期间有关“国之大者”的六次讲话，从价值、理论、实践三个层面，深刻认识并梳理了“国之大者”的内涵。她指出，在价值层面上，中国共产党作为工人阶级先锋队，自诞生之日起，就把“人民”二字写在自己的旗帜上，始终牢记权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋，遵循党来自于人民、植根于人民，坚持一切为了人民、一切依靠人民的原则，全心全意地为人民服务。习近平总书记指出，“江山就是人民、人民就是江山，打江山、守江山，守住的是人民的心。中国共产党根基在人民、血脉在人民、力量在人民。”“让老百姓过上好日子是我们一切工作的出发点和落脚点”，这就是“国之大者”。百年来中共产党一切奋斗都致力于实现最广大人民的根本利益”这一“国之大者”。在理论层面，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是以习近平同志为核心的党中央在坚定不移坚持马克思主义基础上，立足于对21世纪时代特征的深刻洞察和当代中国发展方位的科学判断，对马克思主义不断发展和创新的最新成果，为实现中华民族伟大复兴而奋斗的行动指南。坚持习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，就是坚持当代的“国之大者”。在实践层面，国之大者”作为党中央关心、强调的，事关国家发展前途、事关民族历史命运的大事，这些事情对于推动当代中国发展、实现人民幸福具有至关重要的作用。在中华民族发展的不同历史时期都具有鲜明的时代指向。在中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我们要心怀“国之大者”，坚持和加强党的全面领导，统揽“四个伟大”，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局。坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。

Subsequently, other researchers from the Department of International Communist Movement Studies also reported their individual learning experiences from different perspectives.

随后，国际共运研究部其他科研人员也从不同角度汇报了个人的学习心得。

Yuan Xiuli, Deputy Director of the Department of International Communist Movement Studies, pointed out that in the process of studying Volume IV of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China*, the profound connotation of “the great affairs of the state”[1]1 “The great affairs of the state” (国之大者) is a phrase used has been further clarified. She was inspired by Comrade Wang You’s study and exposition on Party spirit. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s proposal to uphold the Party’s overall leadership is, on the one hand, a necessity for building socialism with Chinese characteristics, and on the other hand, an adherence to and development of Marxist thought on Party building. In the process of guiding the German workers’ movement and the workers’ movements in countries such as France and the United States, Marx and Engels attached great importance to the leading position of the Party. In response to errors such as the Lassalleans and Bakuninists attacking the role of the Central Committee of the International Workingmen’s Association, Marx resolutely defended the position and role of the Central Committee; Engels’s work *On Authority* was also a counterattack against these erroneous ideas. Lenin’s exposition and defense of Party spirit, and his defense of the Party’s leading position, hold a prominent position and role in the history of the international communist movement. They played an important role in Lenin’s unification of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, the overthrow of the tsarist autocracy, the victory of the October Revolution, and the leadership of the Soviet regime in socialist construction. We should comprehensively understand the significance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s thought on upholding the Party’s overall leadership.

国际共运部副主任苑秀丽指出，在学习《习近平谈治国理政》第四卷的过程中，进一步明晰了“国之大者”的深刻内涵。从王游同志关于党性的学习与阐述中受到启发。习近平总书记提出坚持党的全面领导，一方面是中国特色社会主义建设的需要，另一方面是对马克思主义政党建设思想的坚持和发展。马克思、恩格斯在指导德国工人运动，指导法国、美国等国家工人运动的过程中，高度重视党的领导地位，对于拉萨尔、巴枯宁分子攻击国际工人协会中央委员会的作用等错误，马克思坚决捍卫中央委员会的地位和作用；恩格斯的《论权威》这篇文献也是对这些错误思想的回击。列宁对党性的阐述和捍卫，对于党的领导地位的捍卫，在国际共运史上具有突出的地位和作用。对于列宁团结统一俄国社会民主工党，推翻沙皇专制制度，取得十月革命的胜利，领导苏维埃政权开展社会主义建设等都具有重要作用。我们应该全面理解习近平总书记关于坚持党的全面领导的思想的重要意义。

Other attending teachers also successively exchanged views on issues such as the comprehensive, systematic, and holistic methods of studying the upholding of the Party’s overall leadership, and how leading cadres can strengthen their sense of responsibility, know their responsibilities in their hearts, bear their responsibilities on their shoulders, and fulfill their responsibilities in their actions. Through this special study and exchange, everyone further clarified the extreme importance of upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership, and the necessity and urgency of strengthening ideological construction. They expressed their intention to further enhance their awareness of being a political organ, strengthen the “Four Confidences,”[2] and implement the “Two Upholds”[3] in concrete actions. The Party branch of the Department of International Communist Movement Studies will also take the study of Volume IV of *Xi Jinping: The Governance of China* as an opportunity to successively carry out a series of learning activities to strengthen ideological construction, comprehensively improving the Marxist theoretical literacy and professional capabilities of the researchers.

与会其他老师还相继就坚持党的全面领导研究的全面性、系统性和整体性方法，领导干部如何强化责任意识、知责于心、担责于身、履责于行等问题进行了交流。通过本次专题学习交流，大家进一步明确了坚持和加强党的全面领导的极端重要性，加强意识形态建设的必要性和紧迫性，纷纷表示要进一步增强政治机关意识，坚定“四个自信”、将“两个维护”落实到实际行动中。国际共运研究部党支部也将以《习近平谈治国理政》第四卷学习为契机，相继开展加强意识形态建设的系列学习活动，综合提升科研人员的马克思主义理论素养和业务能力。

(Contributed by the Office of the History of the International Communist Movement)

（国际共产主义运动史研究室供稿）