The First International and the Paris Commune Revolution

In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 2023 work conference of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, strengthen training in the history of scholarship, understand why and from where contemporary Chinese scholarship emerged, and conduct research from the commanding heights of history and the times, on the morning of February 23, 2023, the International Communist Movement Research Department of the Institute of Marxism of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences held the 2023 Issue No. 3 academic salon. Pan Xihua, Associate Researcher and Director of the International Communist Movement History Research Office, gave a trial lecture titled “The First International and the Paris Commune Revolution.” The meeting was chaired by Pan Jin’e, Researcher and Director of the International Communist Movement Research Department. All scientific research personnel of the International Communist Movement Research Department participated in the study and discussion.

为深刻贯彻落实中国社会科学院2023年度工作会议精神，加强学术史训练，了解当代中国学术因何而生、由何而来，站在历史和时代的制高点上做学问，2023年2月23日上午，中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院国际共产主义运动研究部举办了2023年第3期学术沙龙，国际共产主义运动史研究室主任潘西华副研究员作了题为“第一国际与巴黎公社革命”的试讲。会议由国际共产主义运动研究部主任潘金娥研究员主持，国际共产主义运动研究部全体科研人员参加学习与讨论。

Pan Jin’e, Researcher and Director of the International Communist Movement Research Department, chaired the meeting.

国际共运研究部主任潘金娥研究员主持会议

Director Pan Jin’e stated that the International Communist Movement academic salon’s 2023 Issues No. 1 and No. 2 activities had elicited positive responses and received unanimous praise from attendees. Next, the teaching group will further expand the scope of collective lesson preparation and trial lectures, incorporating into them the two courses taught by the Research Department: “World Socialist History, Theory, and Practice” and “Marxist International Political Theory and Research on World Political Party Diplomacy.” This will further consolidate the theoretical foundation and advance the “Foundation-Strengthening Project” [1]1 The “Foundation-Strengthening Project” (强基工程) is an internal Party initiative aimed at consolidating the theoretical and organizational foundations of Marxist research and education within Chinese academic institutions. in depth and substance.

潘金娥主任表示，国际共运学术沙龙2023年第1、2期活动引起良好的反响，获得听会人员一致好评。接下来，教学组将进一步拓展集体备课和试讲的范围，将研究部负责讲授的《世界社会主义历史、理论与实践》《马克思主义国际政治理论与世界政党外交专题研究》两门课程也纳入其中。进一步夯实理论基础，推进“强基工程”走深走实。

On-site explanation and lively discussion.

现场讲解及热烈讨论

“The First International and the Paris Commune Revolution” is the content of Chapter 2 of the textbook *History of the International Communist Movement*. In this lecture, Associate Researcher Pan Xihua led everyone to review the landmark historical events in the process of socialism moving from theory to practice. First, following the chronological thread, she systematically outlined the establishment of the First International (the International Workingmen’s Association), its major activities, and the process of its dissolution; she explained in detail the process by which the First International, led by Marx, gradually established Marxism’s guiding position in the international workers’ movement through its struggle against erroneous currents such as Proudhonism, British trade unionism, and Bakuninism; she deeply analyzed the reasons for the dissolution of the First International and evaluated its historical status. Subsequently, she provided a detailed explanation of the first attempt by the proletariat to establish political power—the Paris Commune. She introduced the historical background of the outbreak of the Paris Commune revolution, the process of its establishment, and the political, economic, and social policies it adopted. Drawing on an introduction to the content of Marx’s *The Civil War in France*, she focused on analyzing the historical experiences, lessons, and contemporary revelations of the Paris Commune. Interspersed throughout the lecture were analyses of issues such as “the relationship between the First International and the Paris Commune revolution” and “the contingency of the outbreak of the Paris Commune revolution and the inevitability of its defeat.”

“第一国际与巴黎公社革命”是《国际共产主义运动史》教材的第二章内容。在本讲中，潘西华副研究员带领大家一起回顾了社会主义从理论走向实践过程中具有里程碑意义的重要历史事件。她首先按照时间脉络，对第一国际（国际工人协会）的建立、从事的重要活动及其解散过程进行了系统梳理；详细讲解了马克思领导的第一国际在反对蒲鲁东主义、英国工联主义和巴枯宁主义等错误思潮的斗争中，逐步确立马克思主义在国际工人运动中指导地位的过程；深入分析了第一国际解散的原因，并对第一国际的历史地位做出评价。随后，对无产阶级建立政权的第一次尝试——巴黎公社进行了详细讲解。介绍了巴黎公社革命爆发的历史背景、巴黎公社的创立过程及其采取的政治经济社会政策等。借助对马克思撰写的《法兰西内战》内容的介绍，重点评析了巴黎公社的历史经验、教训与现实启示。在讲授过程中还穿插了对“第一国际与巴黎公社革命之间的关系”“巴黎公社革命爆发的偶然性及其失败的必然性”等问题的分析。

Associate Researcher Pan Xihua’s trial lecture was well-prepared, rich in content, and presented in a visually engaging manner using novel formats such as mind maps. During the trial lecture, scientific research personnel of the International Communist Movement Department engaged in lively discussion at any time around the lecture content, presentation methods, and techniques, and offered constructive suggestions on how to highlight the thematic focus, logic, and coherence of the content.

潘西华副研究员的试讲准备充分，内容丰富，并借助思维导图等新颖形式予以图文并茂地整体展示。在试讲过程中，国际共运部科研人员随时围绕授课内容、讲述方式和技巧等展开热烈讨论，并就如何突出所讲授内容的主题性、逻辑性和脉络性提出了建设性建议。

Everyone agreed that this method of collective lesson preparation and trial lectures prompted them to deepen their understanding and comprehension of issues such as the past and present of the First International and the historical status and revelatory lessons of the Paris Commune through lecturing and interactive discussion. Everyone also expressed that, in future scientific research work, they would continuously strengthen their study of the history of the international communist movement, take history as a mirror, and continuously advance the disciplinary development and theoretical research of the history of the international communist movement through the integration of history and reality. With this, the current International Communist Movement academic salon activity concluded successfully.

大家一致认为，这种集体备课和试讲方式，促使大家在讲授和互动研讨中加深对第一国际的前世今生以及巴黎公社的历史地位和经验启示等问题的认识和理解。大家还纷纷表示，要在以后的科研工作中，不断加强对国际共运史的学习，以史为鉴，在历史与现实的结合中不断推进国际共运史学科发展和理论研究。至此，本次国际共运学术沙龙活动圆满结束。

(Contributor: Wang Zifeng, International Communist Movement Research Department)

（供稿人：国际共运研究部王子凤）