People-Centeredness Is the Value Pursuit of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out, “The people are the creators of history

习近平总书记指出，“人民是历史的创造者，是决定党和国家前途命运的根本力量”。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央以“我将无我，不负人民”的使命担当，始终坚持把为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴作为初心使命，坚定站稳人民立场。习近平总书记强调，“马克思主义是人民的理论，第一次创立了人民实现自身解放的思想体系”。我们党的根基在人民、血脉在人民、力量在人民，在习近平总书记心中“人民”二字分量最重。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是中国化时代化马克思主义，新征程上，坚定不移坚持习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，牢牢把握人民至上的根本政治立场，聚焦人民群众切身利益和重大关切，持续推进经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明建设，不断满足人民对美好生活的向往。

I. People-Centeredness Is the Fundamental Guideline for the Economic Construction of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

一、人民至上是中国特色社会主义经济建设的根本遵循

Adhere to the concept of people-centeredness, and live up to the people’s expectations. Adhering to people-centeredness is both a profound summary of the valuable experience of the Communist Party of China over the past century and a deep grasp of opening up new horizons for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Reviewing the Party’s century-long history, every victory we have achieved is inseparable from the power of the people. The people are the subjects of social history, the creators of history, and the progress of social history cannot be separated from the people. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has always adhered to the concept of “people-centeredness,” thinking what the people think, addressing their urgent needs, insisting on taking the people’s interests as the fundamental starting point and落脚点 [1]1 The term “落脚点” (luòjiǎo diǎn) literally means “foothold” or “point of landing,” but in political discourse it is conventionally translated as “goal” or “ultimate objective,” indicating the final aim or end point of policy. of the Party’s leadership in economic work, emphasizing development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people, focusing on safeguarding and improving people’s livelihoods through development, continuously enhancing the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security, and demonstrating the fundamental value orientation of putting people first and people-centeredness. In the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, China has always adhered to putting people and life above all else, responding to extraordinary difficulties with scientific strategies, uniting and leading hundreds of millions of people to fight the battle of coordinating epidemic prevention and control with economic and social development. Adhering to people-centeredness is the fundamental stance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the fundamental starting point for advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC listed “must adhere to people-centeredness” as the first stance and viewpoint elaborated among the “six musts” [2]2 The “six musts” (六个必须坚持) refers to the six principles that must be adhered to as outlined in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC: people-centeredness, self-confidence and self-reliance, upholding integrity and innovation, putting problems first, systemic thinking, and looking at the world with a global perspective., highlighting the Party’s fundamental purpose and sincere feelings for the people, and also serving as an important political declaration for continuing to advance the concept of people-centeredness on the new journey of the New Era. Adhering to the people-centered development philosophy guides China’s economic development to truly benefit the people, propelling the giant ship of China’s economy to sail steadily and far, braving the wind and waves.

坚持人民至上理念，不负人民期待。坚持人民至上，既是对百年以来中国共产党宝贵经验的深刻总结，也是开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界的深刻把握。回顾百年党史，我们取得的每一次胜利，都离不开人民的力量。人民是社会历史的主体，是历史的创造者，社会历史的进步离不开人民。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终坚持“人民至上”理念，想人民之所想，急人民之所急，坚持把人民利益作为党领导经济工作的根本出发点和落脚点，强调发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，注重在发展中保障和改善民生，不断增强人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感，展现了以人为本、人民至上的根本价值取向。在新冠肺炎疫情防控中，中国始终坚持人民至上、生命至上，以科学之策应对非常之难，团结带领亿万人民打好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展之战。坚持人民至上，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的根本立场，也是推进马克思主义中国化时代化的根本出发点。党的二十大报告把必须坚持人民至上作为“六个必须坚持”中第一个阐述的立场观点,彰显了党的根本宗旨和真挚的为民情怀，也是对新时代新征程继续推进人民至上理念作出的重要政治宣示。坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，引领中国经济发展真正造福人民，推动中国经济巨轮行稳致远，乘风破浪。

Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people. Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism, embodying the original aspiration and founding mission of the Communist Party of China to seek well-being for all the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “All the Party’s work must take the fundamental interests of the vast majority of the people as the highest standard.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has taken enhancing the people’s well-being, promoting the comprehensive development of individuals, and steadily advancing towards common prosperity as the starting point and落脚点 of economic development, placing the gradual realization of common prosperity for all the people in a more important position. Winning the battle against poverty and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects have significantly enhanced the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security, creating favorable conditions for promoting common prosperity. Common prosperity embodies the goal requirements and realization path of the new path of Chinese-path modernization, with the two complementing and depending on each other. On the one hand, common prosperity for all the people is the essential requirement and important feature of Chinese-path modernization; on the other hand, realizing common prosperity for all the people is inseparable from the path of Chinese-path modernization. Chinese-path modernization and common prosperity for all the people are connected in terms of goals, subjects, and connotations. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC profoundly expounded that Chinese-path modernization is “the modernization of common prosperity for all the people,” fully demonstrating that our Party has consistently and deeply advanced the promotion of common prosperity. In the new stage of development, it is necessary to adhere to the basic economic system, continuously improve the distribution system, promote the fruits of reform and development to benefit all the people more and more fairly, and promote more obvious substantive progress in common prosperity for all the people.

中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化。共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求，体现了中国共产党为全体人民谋福祉的初心使命。习近平总书记强调：“党的一切工作必须以最广大人民根本利益为最高标准。”党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把增进人民福祉、促进人的全面发展、朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进作为经济发展的出发点和落脚点，把逐步实现全体人民共同富裕摆在更加重要的位置。打赢脱贫攻坚战，全面建成小康社会，人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感显著增强，为促进共同富裕创造了良好条件。共同富裕体现了中国式现代化新道路的目标要求和实现路径，两者间相辅相成、相互依存。一方面，全体人民共同富裕是中国式现代化的本质要求和重要特征；另一方面，实现全体人民共同富裕，离不开中国式现代化这条道路。中国式现代化与全体人民共同富裕在目标、主体、内涵上具有连通性。党的二十大报告中深刻阐述了中国式现代化就是“全体人民共同富裕的现代化”，充分表明我们党对推动共同富裕一以贯之、持续深入。在新发展阶段，必须坚持基本经济制度，不断完善分配制度，推动改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，推动全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。

II. People-Centeredness Is the Concentrated Embodiment of the Political Construction of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

二、人民至上是中国特色社会主义政治建设的集中体现

There are constant principles in governing a state, with benefiting the people as the foundation. Working for the people’s well-being is the essential requirement of the Party’s commitment to building the Party for the public and exercising governance for the people. In his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must take the people’s stand, grasp the people’s aspirations, respect the people’s creativity, and pool the people’s wisdom, to form theories that are loved, recognized, and owned by the people, making them powerful ideological weapons to guide the people in understanding and transforming the world.” Stand determines direction, and direction determines the path. From the founding of the Party, which “opened up heaven and earth” [3]3 “Opened up heaven and earth” (开天辟地) is a Chinese idiom used to describe the epoch-making significance of the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921., to the founding of New China, which “changed heaven and earth” [4]4 “Changed heaven and earth” (改天换地) is a Chinese idiom used to describe the monumental transformation brought about by the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949., to reform and opening up, which “shook heaven and earth” [5]5 “Shook heaven and earth” (翻天覆地) is a Chinese idiom used to describe the earth-shaking changes brought about by reform and opening up, initiated in 1978., and to the historic achievements and historic changes in the cause of the Party and the state since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, our Party has never stopped its steps in seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, and its people’s stand has never changed. The Communist Party of China comes from the people, takes root among the people, is born for the people, and thrives because of the people. It always adheres to the principal position of the people, placing the people’s power in a supreme position. People’s democracy is the banner our Party has always held high, and the people being the masters of the country is the essence and core of socialist democratic politics. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out: “We adhere to the path of political development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and comprehensively develop whole-process people’s democracy. Whole-process people’s democracy is the essential attribute of socialist democratic politics, and it is the most extensive, most genuine, and most effective form of democracy.” The Communist Party of China is committed to the great cause for a millennium. The essence of the Party’s long-term governance is to support and ensure that the people are the masters of the country. History shows that only by always adhering to people-centeredness and firmly taking the people’s stand can we continuously consolidate the class foundation and mass foundation for the Party’s long-term governance, realize the Party’s long-term governance, break out of the historical cycle of rise and fall [6]6 “Historical cycle of rise and fall” (历史周期率) refers to the cyclical pattern of the rise and fall of dynasties in Chinese history, a concept famously discussed by Mao Zedong and Huang Yanpei in 1945., and win historical initiative.

治国有常，利民为本。为民造福是立党为公、执政为民的本质要求。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中强调：“我们要站稳人民立场、把握人民愿望、尊重人民创造、集中人民智慧，形成为人民所喜爱、所认同、所拥有的理论，使之成为指导人民认识世界和改造世界的强大思想武器。”立场决定方向，方向决定道路。从建党的开天辟地，到新中国成立的改天换地，到改革开放的翻天覆地，再到党的十八大以来党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，我们党为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴的脚步从未停歇，人民立场从未改变。中国共产党来自人民、植根人民，为人民而生、因人民而兴，始终坚持人民主体地位，将人民的权力置于至高无上的地位。人民民主是我们党始终高举的旗帜，人民当家作主是社会主义民主政治的本质和核心。党的二十大报告指出：“我们坚持走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，全面发展全过程人民民主。全过程人民民主是社会主义民主政治的本质属性，是最广泛、最真实、最管用的民主。”中国共产党立志千秋伟业，党长期执政的本质就是支持和保障人民当家作主。历史表明，只有始终坚持人民至上，站稳人民立场，才能不断巩固党长期执政的阶级基础和群众基础，才能实现党的长期执政，跳出历史周期率，赢得历史主动权。

The mass line is the lifeline of our Party. People-centeredness is the essential attribute of Marxism. Always being with the people and fighting for the people’s interests is the fundamental difference between a Marxist political party and other political parties. The Communist Party of China is a ruling party born for the people and thriving because of the people. The nature of the Party determines that whatever the people aspire to, the Party must do. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out: “The whole Party must adhere to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, firmly establish the mass viewpoint, and implement the mass line.” Adhering to the mass line is the fundamental working method our Party has always insisted on, and it is the right path for undertaking and creating achievements. We must deeply understand the importance of close ties with the masses from a political height. At any time and under any circumstances, the stand of breathing the same breath, sharing the same fate, and connecting hearts with the masses cannot change; the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly cannot be forgotten; the historical materialist viewpoint of firmly believing that the masses are true heroes cannot be abandoned. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must be highly vigilant, forever maintain the sobriety and caution of being on a赶考 [7]7 “赶考” (gǎn kǎo) literally means “to take an exam.” It is a metaphor used by Mao Zedong in 1949 when the CPC was about to take power nationwide, comparing the Party’s governance to a rigorous examination that must be passed by the people., and unswervingly advance comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, so that the century-old Party continuously radiates vigorous vitality through self-revolution.” Standing at a new historical starting point, firmly taking the people’s stand requires continuously strengthening ideological education, making Party cadres remember the Party’s purpose and the governance concept of building the Party for the public and exercising governance for the people, deeply solving the problem of for whom one acts in the depths of their thoughts,坚守 the original aspiration of serving the people, and consolidating the feelings for the people.

群众路线是我们党的生命线。人民性是马克思主义的本质属性。始终同人民在一起，为人民利益而奋斗，是马克思主义政党同其他政党的根本区别。中国共产党是为民而生，因民而兴的执政党，党的性质决定了人民向往什么，党就要干什么。党的二十大报告指出：“全党要坚持全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨，树牢群众观点，贯彻群众路线。”坚持群众路线是我们党始终坚持的根本工作方法，是干事创业的人间正道。我们要从政治的高度深刻认识密切联系群众的重要性，任何时候任何情况下与人民群众同呼吸共命运的立场不能变，全心全意为人民服务的宗旨不能忘，坚信群众是真正英雄的历史唯物主义观点不能丢。习近平总书记强调：“我们必须高度警省，永远保持赶考的清醒和谨慎，驰而不息推进全面从严治党，使百年大党在自我革命中不断焕发蓬勃生机。”站在新的历史起点上，牢牢站稳人民立场，就要不断加强思想教育，使党员干部牢记党的宗旨和立党为公、执政为民的执政理念，在思想深处解决好为什么人的问题，坚守为民初心，夯实为民情怀。

III. People-Centeredness Is the Value Mainline of the Cultural Construction of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

三、人民至上是中国特色社会主义文化建设的价值主线

When culture thrives, the nation thrives; when culture is strong, the nation is strong. The fine traditional Chinese people-oriented thought provides cultural nourishment for upholding people-centeredness and points the way forward. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC profoundly elucidates the status and role of culture in the New Era and the new journey, clarifying the major task of “advancing cultural confidence and self-reliance, and forging new brilliance in socialist culture.” To uphold the people-centered nature of the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, we must firmly grasp the people-centered creative orientation. We must always remember that the country is the people and the people are the country, and adhere to the fundamental direction of culture serving the people and serving socialism. As the people’s material needs are continuously met, their spiritual needs become increasingly prominent. Meeting the people’s growing spiritual and cultural needs and achieving common prosperity in their spiritual life is the value orientation of the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. As a spiritual force, culture can transform into a material force in the process of people understanding and transforming the world, exerting a profound impact on social development. In developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, we must take the people’s interests, will, and aspirations as the value orientation of its own development, uphold the principle of letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend, adhere to creative transformation and innovative development, meet the people’s cultural needs, and enhance the people’s spiritual strength.

文化兴则国运兴，文化强则民族强。中华优秀传统民本思想为坚持人民至上提供了文化滋养，指明了前进方向。党的二十大报告深刻阐明了文化在新时代新征程中的地位作用，明确了“推进文化自信自强，铸就社会主义文化新辉煌”的重大任务。坚持中国特色社会主义文化建设的人民性，要牢牢把握以人民为中心的创作导向。我们要始终牢记江山就是人民、人民就是江山，坚持文化为人民服务、为社会主义服务的根本方向。随着人民物质生活需求的不断满足，精神生活需求日渐凸显，满足人民日益增长的精神文化生活需要，实现人民精神生活的共同富裕，是中国特色社会主义文化发展的价值取向。文化作为一种精神力量，能够在人们认识世界、改造世界的过程中转化为物质力量，对社会发展产生深刻影响。发展中国特色社会主义文化，要把人民利益、人民意志和人民心声作为自身发展的价值取向，坚持百花齐放、百家争鸣，坚持创造性转化、创新性发展，满足人民文化需求，增强人民精神力量。

Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of the coordination of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress. The rejuvenation of a nation requires both a strong material force and a strong spiritual force. The coordinated development of the “two civilizations” [8]8 Xi Jinping, “ is the goal of our Party’s unremitting struggle and the fundamental requirement of socialist modernization. Material poverty is not socialism, nor is spiritual impoverishment. The people’s needs for a better life are comprehensive and multi-layered; they not only place higher demands on material life but also have growing demands on the spiritual aspect. This determines that only the coordinated development of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress can satisfy the people’s aspirations for a better life. We must grasp material civilization with one hand and cultural-ethical progress with the other, and both hands must be strong; we cannot focus on one aspect while neglecting the other. On the path of Chinese-path modernization, we must promote the organic unity of the comprehensive enrichment of things and the all-round development of people. Practice has proven and will continue to prove that only when both material civilization and cultural-ethical progress are well developed, both the country’s material and spiritual strengths are enhanced, and both the material and spiritual lives of the people of all ethnic groups in the country are improved, can the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics advance smoothly.

中国式现代化是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化。一个民族的复兴需要强大的物质力量，也需要强大的精神力量。“两个文明”协调发展是我们党不懈奋斗的目标，是社会主义现代化的根本要求。物质贫困不是社会主义，精神贫乏也不是社会主义。人民群众对美好生活的需要是全方位、多层次的，不仅对物质生活提出了更高要求，而且对精神方面的要求日益增长，这决定了只有物质文明与精神文明协调发展，才能满足人民对美好生活的向往。一手抓物质文明，一手抓精神文明，两只手都要硬，不能只重视一个方面而忽视另一个方面。在中国式现代化的道路上，要促进物的全面丰富和人的全面发展得到有机统一。实践已经证明并将继续证明，只有物质文明建设和精神文明建设都搞好，国家物质力量和精神力量都增强，全国各族人民物质生活和精神生活都改善，中国特色社会主义事业才能顺利向前推进。

IV. People-Centeredness Is the Source of Strength for Socialist Social Construction with Chinese Characteristics

四、人民至上是中国特色社会主义社会建设的力量源泉

The country is the people, and the people are the country. In the long river of human history, the people have always occupied the principal position and are the main force driving the development of social history. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “The reason Marxism has an influence that transcends national borders and eras is that it is rooted in the people and points out the right path for history to advance by relying on the people.” As the world’s largest Marxist ruling party, the Communist Party of China is rooted in the people and its lifeblood lies in the people. Our Party runs the people-centered development philosophy through the entire process of social construction, takes promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing the people’s well-being as the starting point and ultimate goal of social construction, focuses on ensuring and improving people’s livelihood, makes sustained efforts in social governance and reform of social systems and mechanisms, explores the construction of a beautiful society of common prosperity, and comprehensively carries out social construction. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China’s social construction has been comprehensively strengthened, the people’s lives have been improved in all aspects, the level of social governance has been significantly raised, the good situation of the people living and working in peace and contentment and society being stable and orderly has been consolidated, and the miracle of long-term stable social development has been continued. The practice, achievements, and experience of social construction in the New Era fully manifest the value orientation of people-centeredness. History and reality both tell us that only by relying on the people for everything, doing everything for the people, listening to the people’s voices, drawing on the people’s wisdom, and taking the people’s satisfaction as the fundamental criterion for measuring the success or failure of all work, can we overcome various risks and challenges on the path forward.

江山就是人民，人民就是江山。人类历史的长河中人民始终处于主体地位，是推动社会历史发展的主要力量。习近平总书记指出：“马克思主义之所以具有跨越国度、跨越时代的影响力，就是因为它植根人民之中，指明了依靠人民推动历史前进的人间正道。”中国共产党作为世界上最大的马克思主义执政党，根基在人民、血脉在人民。我们党把以人民为中心的发展思想贯穿社会建设全过程，将促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉作为社会建设的出发点和落脚点，以保障和改善民生为重点，在社会治理、社会体制机制改革等方面持续发力，探索建设共同富裕的美好社会，全面开展社会建设。党的十八大以来，我国社会建设全面加强，人民生活全方位改善，社会治理水平大幅度提升，巩固了人民安居乐业、社会安定有序的良好局面，续写了社会长期稳定发展奇迹。新时代社会建设的实践、成就和经验，充分彰显了人民至上的价值取向。历史和现实都告诉我们，只有一切依靠人民、一切为了人民，倾听人民呼声，汲取人民智慧，把人民满意与否作为衡量一切工作得失的根本标准，才能战胜前进道路上的各种风险挑战。

The masses of the people are the decisive force in social change. Our Party comes from the people, and its roots and lifeblood lie in the people. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out: “To build a modern socialist country in all respects, we must fully unleash the creative energy of hundreds of millions of people.” The people are the creators of history, the fundamental force determining the future and destiny of the Party and the country. Relying on the people to create historical achievements has always been the fundamental guarantee for the CPC to overcome enemies and win victories. The masses of the people are the creators of history; this is the basic viewpoint of the Marxist mass view of history, scientifically revealing the status and role of the masses of the people in the development of social history. In the production activities of material goods, the masses of the people, as the subjects of social practice, not only create the material means of subsistence necessary for people’s clothing, food, shelter, and transportation, as well as the material prerequisites necessary for engaging in spiritual life, but also directly participate in the creation of social spiritual wealth. The masses of the people create social wealth and are also the decisive force in social change. China’s long-term maintenance of social harmony and stability is inseparable from the contributions of the masses of the people. On the new journey to build a modern socialist country in all respects, we must better mobilize the participation of the people, pool the strength of the broad masses of the people, advance the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan, implement the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, gather the mighty force to forge ahead in the New Era, and escort the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

人民群众是社会变革的决定力量。我们党来自人民，根基和血脉在人民。党的二十大报告指出，“全面建设社会主义现代化国家，必须充分发挥亿万人民的创造伟力”。人民是历史的创造者，是决定党和国家前途命运的根本力量，依靠人民创造历史伟业始终是中国共产党克敌制胜的根本保证。人民群众是历史的创造者，这是马克思主义群众史观的基本观点，科学揭示了人民群众在社会历史发展中的地位和作用。人民群众在物质资料的生产活动中，作为社会实践活动的主体，不仅创造了人们衣食住行等必需的物质生活资料以及从事精神生活所必需的物质前提，而且还直接参与了社会精神财富的创造。人民群众创造社会财富，也是社会变革的决定力量。中国长期保持社会和谐稳定、人民群众功不可没。社会主义现代化强国新征程中，要更好地动员人民参与，凝聚广大人民群众的力量，推进“五位一体”总体布局，落实“四个全面”战略布局，凝聚起奋进新时代的磅礴力量，为中华民族伟大复兴保驾护航。

V. People-Centeredness Is the Goal of Socialist Ecological Civilization Construction with Chinese Characteristics

五、人民至上是中国特色社会主义生态文明建设的奋斗目标

Building an ecological civilization concerns the well-being of the people and the future of the nation. The construction of an ecological civilization concerns the well-being of the people and the future of the nation; a good ecological environment is the most inclusive form of public well-being. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization is the fundamental guideline for building a beautiful China, profoundly answering major theoretical and practical questions such as why to build an ecological civilization, what kind of ecological civilization to build, and how to build it, pointing the way forward for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has incorporated the construction of an ecological civilization into the overall layout of national development, adhered to protecting in development and developing in protection, and achieved fruitful results in the construction of an ecological civilization. The homeland where the people live has bluer skies, greener mountains, and cleaner water. After building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, the people have higher expectations for a beautiful ecological environment and a lower tolerance for ecological and environmental problems. In his report to the 20th National Congress of the

建设生态文明，关系人民福祉，关乎民族未来。生态文明建设关乎人民福祉，关乎民族未来，良好的生态环境就是最普惠的民生福祉。习近平生态文明思想是建成美丽中国的根本遵循，深刻回答了为什么要建设生态文明、建设什么样的生态文明、怎样建设生态文明等重大理论和实践问题，为中华民族永续发展指明了前进方向。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央将生态文明建设纳入国家发展总体布局，坚持在发展中保护、在保护中发展，生态文明建设取得丰硕成果，人民生活的家园天更蓝、山更绿、水更清。全面建成小康社会后，人民群众对优美生态环境的期望值更高，对生态环境问题的容忍度更低。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出：“大自然是人类赖以生存发展的基本条件。尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的内在要求。必须牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划发展。”生态文明人人共建、人人共享。守住绿水青山，还要明确底线红线，建设天蓝地绿水清的美丽家园，需要培育一代又一代具备生态文明素养的时代新人。

Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. Chinese-path modernization takes the construction of an ecological civilization as a systematic project that runs through the economy, politics, culture, and society, jointly forming the overall layout of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping has clearly pointed out: “The modernization we are pursuing is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. We must not only create more material and cultural wealth to meet the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life, but also provide more high-quality ecological products to meet the people’s ever-growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment.” [8]8 Xi Jinping, “ The key to handling China’s affairs well lies in the Party. Strengthening the Party’s overall leadership over the construction of an ecological civilization and placing the construction of an ecological civilization in a prominent position within the overall framework of Chinese-path modernization fully demonstrates China’s determination and confidence in green development. To realize the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, it is necessary to deeply and accurately understand and grasp the rich connotations and practical paths of the road to modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, thereby promoting the construction of a Beautiful China, consolidating the green foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and achieving the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. By implementing the new development concept and adhering to green development, circular development, and low-carbon development, the Chinese-path modernization road of harmony between humanity and nature will become ever broader, and the construction of a Beautiful China will be transformed from a blueprint into reality.

中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。中国式现代化将生态文明建设作为贯穿于经济、政治、文化、社会等系统工程，共同构成中国特色社会主义事业总体布局。习近平总书记明确指出：“我们要建设的现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，既要创造更多物质财富和精神财富以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，也要提供更多优质生态产品以满足人民日益增长的优美生态环境需要。”办好中国的事情，关键在党。加强党对生态文明建设的全面领导，把生态文明建设摆在中国式现代化建设全局的突出位置，充分彰显了中国绿色发展的决心和信心。实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化，必须深刻、准确地理解把握人与自然和谐共生现代化道路的丰富内涵与实践路径，进而推动美丽中国建设，筑牢中华民族伟大复兴绿色根基，实现中华民族永续发展。贯彻落实新发展理念，坚持绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展，人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化道路就将越走越宽，美丽中国建设就会从蓝图变为现实。

The era is the one that sets the questions; we are the ones who answer them; the people are the ones who grade them. [9] On the new road of the examination, we must deeply comprehend the essential essence of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, adhere to the concept of people-centeredness, always “firmly sit on the side of the common people,” [10] and always remain the most reliable and strongest backbone of the Chinese people, closely relying on the people, sharing the same heart, breath, and destiny with the people. “On the road ahead, whether the winds and waves are high or the seas are rough, the people will forever be our most solid support and our strongest source of confidence.” [11] General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized: “As long as we always act for the people and rely on the people, respect the principal position and pioneering spirit of the people, and fully unleash the wisdom and strength contained within the people, we will surely be able to continuously create more remarkable human miracles!”

时代是出卷人，我们是答卷人，人民是阅卷人。新的赶考路上，我们必须深刻领会习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的精髓要义，恪守人民至上理念，始终“把屁股端端地坐在老百姓的这一面”，始终成为中国人民最可靠、最坚强的主心骨，紧紧依靠人民，与人民心连心、同呼吸、共命运。“前进道路上，无论是风高浪急还是惊涛骇浪，人民永远是我们最坚实的依托、最强大的底气。”习近平总书记反复强调：“只要我们始终坚持为了人民、依靠人民，尊重人民群众主体地位和首创精神，把人民群众中蕴藏着的智慧和力量充分激发出来，就一定能够不断创造出更多令人刮目相看的人间奇迹！”

(Author biographies: Jiang Dujun, Dean of the School of Marxism at Henan University of Technology, Ph.D., Professor, Doctoral Supervisor; Shi Meng, Master’s degree, Lecturer at Henan University of Technology.)

（作者简介：蒋笃君，河南工业大学马克思主义学院院长，博士、教授、博士生导师；石猛，硕士，河南工业大学讲师。）

(Fund project: This article is a phased result of the Henan Provincial Higher Education Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project “Precision and Synergy: Optimization and Practice of the ‘Four Histories’ Education System in College Ideological and Political Courses” (2021SJGLX946), the National Social Science Fund Project “Research on Socialist Ecological Civilization Education from the Perspective of Chinese Governance” (20BKS056), and the Henan Provincial Higher Education Institution Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Base “Research Center for the Inheritance and Development of Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture.”)

（基金项目：本文系河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目“精准与协同：高校思政课 ‘四史’教育体系优化和实践”(2021SJGLX946)、国家社科基金项目“中国之治视域下社会主义生态文明教育研究”（20BKS056）、河南省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地“中华优秀传统文化传承发展研究中心”的阶段性成果。）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心