Upholding the Party’s Overall Leadership over Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively in Xinjiang’s Practice

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the “Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Resolution”), which systematically and comprehensively summarized the valuable experience of reform and opening up, especially the comprehensive deepening of reform in the New Era, with the first item being “upholding the Party’s overall leadership.” The Resolution of the Twelfth Plenary Session of the Tenth Committee of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region emphasized: “We must uphold and strengthen the Party’s leadership over further deepening reform comprehensively, resolutely shoulder the political responsibility for grasping reform, and ensure that various reform tasks are implemented and yield results.” It can be said that this not only provides theoretical guidance and practical direction for advancing comprehensive deepening of reform in the New Era, but also outlines a path and blueprint for us to fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the Party’s strategy for governing Xinjiang in the New Era and compose the Xinjiang chapter of comprehensive deepening of reform, which requires our profound understanding and scientific grasp.

党的二十届三中全会通过了《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（简称《决定》），系统全面地总结了改革开放以来特别是新时代全面深化改革的宝贵经验，其中第一条就是“坚持党的全面领导”。新疆维吾尔自治区第十届委员会第十二次全体会议决议强调：“要坚持和加强党对进一步全面深化改革的领导，坚决扛起抓改革的政治责任，推动各项改革任务落地见效。”可以说，这不仅为新时代推进全面深化改革提供了理论指引和实践指向，更为我们完整准确全面贯彻新时代党的治疆方略，谱写全面深化改革的新疆篇章擘画了路径蓝图，需要我们深刻领会、科学把握。

Precisely because it is arduous, it is great; precisely because it is arduous, it is more glorious. The clarion call for comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era has sounded, and the writing of history often opens new chapters amidst transformation. This is both an opportunity and a challenge for Xinjiang. For further deepening reform comprehensively to be solidly advanced and achieve tangible results in Xinjiang’s modernization practice, upholding the Party’s overall leadership over it is the core and key. This concerns Xinjiang’s social stability, economic prosperity, ethnic unity, and lasting peace and order, and helps to compose the Xinjiang chapter of comprehensively deepening reform on the new journey of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.

惟其艰巨，所以伟大；惟其艰巨，更显荣光。新时代全面深化改革的号角已经吹响，历史的书写，常常在变革中开启新篇章。这对于新疆而言既是机遇也是挑战。进一步全面深化改革在新疆的现代化实践中扎实推进、取得实效，坚持党对其全面领导是核心关键所在。这关系到新疆的社会稳定、经济繁荣、民族团结以及长治久安，有助于在强国建设、民族复兴新征程上谱写全面深化改革的新疆篇章。

I. That further deepening reform comprehensively must uphold the Party’s overall leadership is determined by the Party’s original aspiration and founding mission

一、进一步全面深化改革必须坚持党的全面领导是由党的初心和使命决定的

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Our Party’s original aspiration and founding mission is to seek happiness for the Chinese people, including the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, and to seek rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, including all ethnic groups in Xinjiang.” Comprehensive deepening of reform is not a random, cartoonish sketch without purpose, but has clear goal orientation and value orientation. The Resolution of the Twelfth Plenary Session of the Tenth Committee of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region emphasized: “Deeply understand the essential question of ‘for whom to reform,’ adhere to a people-centered approach, and plan and advance reform from the perspective of the overall, fundamental, and long-term interests of the people.” Anchoring on the most immediate, most direct, and most practical interests of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, such as education, employment, medical care, and housing, we will further deepen reform comprehensively, coordinate and advance the reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and talent, deepen comprehensive education reform, continuously increase investment in educational resources, accelerate the implementation of actions to expand quality and improve basic education, so that more families and more children can enjoy high-quality educational resources. Adhere to the employment orientation of economic development, take deepening the reform of the employment system and mechanism as the driving force, implement a series of policies such as “reducing, returning, subsidizing, and expanding” that are conducive to reducing burdens, stabilizing jobs, expanding employment, and ensuring people’s livelihood, prominently focus on the employment of surplus rural labor, college graduates, demobilized military personnel, and disadvantaged groups, promote the “dynamic zeroing out” of urban zero-employment households, improve entrepreneurship support policies, further optimize the entrepreneurial environment, and strive to create fuller and higher-quality employment. Take the construction of a Healthy Xinjiang as the goal orientation, sink high-quality medical resources to the grassroots, basically establish a medical and health service network covering urban and rural areas, fully improve the level of public medical services, continuously strengthen the supply of high-quality medical resources and their balanced regional layout, and provide the people with more and better health services. Optimize real estate policies and systems according to local conditions and city-specific measures, adopt measures such as converting non-residential buildings into affordable housing and purchasing commercial housing for affordable housing, increase the supply of affordable housing, meet the rigid housing needs of wage-earning groups, and strive to build happy homes for the people of all ethnic groups.

习近平总书记指出：“我们党的初心使命就是为包括新疆各族人民在内的中国人民谋幸福，为包括新疆各民族在内的中华民族谋复兴。”全面深化改革并不是漫无目的的漫画式随意勾勒，而是有着鲜明的目标导向和价值指向。新疆维吾尔自治区第十届委员会第十二次全体会议决议强调：“深刻认识‘为谁改’这个本质问题，坚持以人民为中心，从人民群众整体利益、根本利益、长远利益出发谋划和推进改革。”锚定教育、就业、医疗、住房等新疆各族人民最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题靶心，进一步全面深化改革，统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制改革，深化教育综合改革，持续加大教育资源投入，加快实施基础教育扩优提质行动，让更多家庭、更多孩子享受优质教育资源。坚持经济发展就业导向，以深化就业体制机制改革为动力，实施“降、返、补、扩”等一系列有利于减负稳岗、扩就业、保民生的政策，突出抓好城乡富余劳动力、高等学校毕业生、退役军人、困难群体就业，推动城镇零就业家庭“动态清零”，完善创业扶持政策，进一步优化创业环境，努力创造更加充分、更高质量的就业。以健康新疆建设为目标导向，将优质医疗资源下沉到基层，覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务网络基本建立，全力提升医疗公共服务水平，不断强化优质医疗资源供给和区域均衡布局，给老百姓提供更多更优质的健康服务。因地制宜、因城施策优化房地产政策制度，采取非居住房改造为保障房、收购商品房为保障房等措施，加大保障性住房供给，满足工薪群体刚性住房需求，努力打造各族群众的幸福家园。

In short, reform has meaning only when it is for the people; reform has momentum only when it relies on the people. The people are the main body of comprehensive deepening of reform, the fundamental driving force of social development, and the power source and “coordinate system” for the Party’s comprehensive deepening of reform. The Party Committee of the Autonomous Region has deeply embedded concern for people’s livelihood in its development philosophy. Party members and leading cadres at all levels in Xinjiang adhere to keeping the pulse of reform in sync with the people’s aspiration for a better life, transforming the people’s list of urgent, difficult, and anxious problems into a list of responsibilities and tasks. One by one, practical matters concerning people’s livelihood that benefit the people, warm their hearts, and align with their wishes vividly interpret the warm vow that “making the people’s life happy is the ‘greatest concern of the state’,” painting vivid pictures of people’s livelihood across the Tianshan Mountains, north and south, where the sense of gain, happiness, and security of the people of all ethnic groups is more substantial, more guaranteed, and more sustainable. Only in this way can comprehensive deepening of reform achieve great results, thereby consolidating and expanding the mass foundation for the general goal of social stability and lasting peace and order in Xinjiang.

总而言之，为了人民而改革，改革才有意义；依靠人民而改革，改革才有动力。人民群众是全面深化改革的主体，是社会发展的根本动力，是党全面深化改革的动力源和“坐标系”。自治区党委在发展理念中厚植民生情怀，新疆各级党员领导干部坚持改革脉搏与人民对美好生活向往同频共振，把群众急难愁盼的问题清单，转化为责任清单、任务清单，一件件惠民生、暖民心、顺民意的民生实事，生动诠释了“让人民生活幸福是‘国之大者’”的温暖誓言，在天山南北描绘出一幅幅各族群众获得感、幸福感、安全感更加充实、更有保障、更可持续的生动民生图景。唯有如此，全面深化改革才有大作为，进而巩固和拓展新疆社会稳定和长治久安总目标的群众基础。

II. That the Party’s overall leadership must be upheld is determined by the situation and tasks facing comprehensive deepening of reform

二、必须坚持党的全面领导是由全面深化改革面临的形势和任务决定的

Problems are the voice of the times and also the driving force of reform. Comprehensive deepening of reform itself is aimed at solving the most prominent and thorny problems. Currently, Xinjiang’s reform and development have stood at a new historical starting point. The task of achieving social stability and lasting peace and order in Xinjiang is arduous and requires a long-term effort. It is necessary to continuously improve the modernization level of Xinjiang’s governance system and governance capacity through further deepening reform comprehensively. As an underdeveloped region in the west and a border area with multiple ethnic groups, the problems encountered in Xinjiang’s development have both universality and particularity. There are still many “hard bones” to chew in Xinjiang’s comprehensive deepening of reform work, requiring the courage to take responsibility and push reform forward, solving difficult problems that must be solved but have remained unresolved for a long time.

问题是时代的声音，也是改革的动因，全面深化改革本身就是奔着解决最突出、最棘手的问题去的。当前新疆改革发展已经站在了新的历史起点上。新疆实现社会稳定和长治久安任重道远，需要通过进一步全面深化改革，不断提升新疆治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。新疆作为西部欠发达地区和边疆民族地区，发展中遇到的问题既有普遍性也有特殊性。新疆全面深化改革工作仍有很多难啃的“硬骨头”，需要勇于担当作为把改革推向前进，解决好必须解决但长期没有解决的难题。

The “Decision of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Committee of the Communist Party of China on Thoroughly Implementing the Spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively, and Advancing the Practice of Chinese-Path Modernization in Xinjiang,” reviewed and adopted at the Twelfth Plenary Session of the Tenth Committee of the Autonomous Region Party Committee, closely follows Xinjiang’s actual conditions, runs through the systems concept, and clarifies the “task list” for further deepening reform comprehensively in Xinjiang. Focusing on problems such as the high difficulty and great challenge of achieving high-quality development in Xinjiang, the relatively lagging work of comprehensive deepening of reform, the prominent shortcoming of unbalanced regional development between northern and southern Xinjiang, and the inability of the government governance system and governance capacity to fully adapt to new situations and new requirements, we will improve the systems and mechanisms for promoting high-quality economic development, insist on taking the reform of the energy and resource sector as a breakthrough point, and strive to build a modern industrial system that reflects Xinjiang’s characteristics and advantages. Party members and leading cadres must emancipate their minds, change their work style, enhance their capabilities, and use reform ideas and measures to activate the “chess eye” of southern Xinjiang. [1]1 “Chess eye” (棋眼) is a term from the game of Go, used metaphorically in Chinese political discourse to refer to a key strategic point or region whose successful development is crucial for the overall situation. Here it refers to southern Xinjiang (Nanjiang). Improve the mechanism for coordinating regional development, perfect the working mechanism for high-quality development in southern Xinjiang, improve the supporting policy system, strengthen the characteristic and advantageous industries of southern Xinjiang, and solve the prominent problems restricting the development of southern Xinjiang. Firmly establish the concept of “one game of chess” and “one family” between the military and local areas, and promote breakthrough progress in the integrated development of the military and local areas. Accelerate the reform of public institutions and the construction of a digital government, and continuously improve administrative efficiency. Adhere to comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, and improve the fair and impartial mechanism for selecting and appointing personnel.

自治区党委十届十二次全会审议通过的《中国共产党新疆维吾尔自治区委员会关于深入贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神 进一步全面深化改革 推进中国式现代化新疆实践的决定》，紧扣新疆实际，贯穿系统观念，明确新疆进一步全面深化改革的“任务书”。聚焦实现新疆高质量发展难度高、挑战大，全面深化改革工作相对滞后，南北疆区域发展不平衡短板突出，政府治理体系和治理能力还不能完全适应新形势、新要求等问题，健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制，坚持把能源资源领域改革作为突破口，着力打造体现新疆特色和优势的现代化产业体系。党员干部须解放思想、转变作风、增强本领，用改革的思路举措做活南疆“棋眼”。健全统筹区域协调发展机制，完善南疆高质量发展工作机制，健全支持政策体系，壮大南疆特色优势产业，破解制约南疆发展的突出问题。树牢兵地“一盘棋”“一家人”理念，推动兵地融合发展取得突破性进展。加快推进事业单位改革和数字政府建设，不断提高行政效能。坚持全面从严治党，健全公平公正选人用人机制。

Practice has fully proven that doing a good job in Xinjiang work must make good use of comprehensive deepening of reform, this “key move” and “important magic weapon.” The more contradictions and difficulties there are, the more necessary it is to make a big deal out of reform and find a way out. This inherently requires Party members and leading cadres at all levels in Xinjiang to consciously place reform in a more prominent position, continuously coordinate and balance stability maintenance forces with reform measures, and ensure that further deepening reform comprehensively proceeds smoothly in a stable social environment. They must continuously enhance the consciousness and initiative of planning reform, improve the scientificity and effectiveness of promoting reform, adopt comprehensive measures and make breakthroughs at key points, continuously explore effective methods for fully, accurately, and comprehensively implementing the Party’s strategy for governing Xinjiang in the New Era through comprehensive deepening of reform, strive to solve the fundamental, basic, and long-term problems concerning lasting peace and order in Xinjiang, and effectively transform the strategic deployment of further deepening reform comprehensively into a powerful force for advancing the practice of Chinese-path modernization in Xinjiang.

实践充分证明，做好新疆工作必须用好全面深化改革这个“关键一招”和“重要法宝”，越是矛盾多、难度大，越要在改革上做文章、找出路。这就内在要求新疆各级党员领导干部要自觉把改革摆在更加突出位置，不断统筹协调维稳力量与改革措施，确保进一步全面深化改革在稳定的社会环境中顺利推进。要不断增强谋划改革的自觉性、主动性，提高推动改革的科学性、有效性，综合施策、重点突破，通过全面深化改革不断探索完整准确全面贯彻新时代党的治疆方略的有效办法，着力解决新疆事关长治久安的根本性、基础性、长远性问题，切实把进一步全面深化改革的战略部署转化为推进中国式现代化新疆实践的强大力量。

III. That further deepening reform comprehensively must uphold the Party’s overall leadership is determined by the great new project of Party building for the New Era

三、进一步全面深化改革必须坚持党的全面领导是由新时代党的建设新的伟大工程决定的

A great cause requires a strong leading core. History and practice have proven, and will continue to prove, that upholding the Party’s overall leadership is the foundation and prerequisite for the smooth implementation of all deployments and measures for comprehensively deepening reform. For reforms at all levels to advance in an orderly manner, Party leadership must be strengthened and improved. The *Decision* [2] makes specific arrangements for raising the Party’s leadership level in further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization, and provides detailed and thorough deployments around “upholding the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership over further comprehensively deepening reform,” “deepening the reform of the Party building system,” and “intensifying the fight against corruption and promoting integrity and clean governance.” It can be said that these strict requirements embody our Party’s sense of responsibility and mission-consciousness in leading the great social revolution with the courage of self-revolution.

伟大的事业需要坚强的领导核心，历史和实践已经证明并将持续证明，坚持党的全面领导，是全面深化改革各项部署和措施得以顺利落实的基础和前提，各个层面的改革要有序地推进，就必须加强和改善党的领导。《决定》对提高党进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的领导水平作出具体安排，并围绕“坚持党中央对进一步全面深化改革的集中统一领导”“深化党的建设制度改革”“深入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争”等方面作了详细周密的部署。可以说，这些严格要求，体现了我们党以自我革命的勇气引领伟大的社会革命的责任担当和使命自觉。

The resolution of the 12th Plenary Session of the 10th Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Committee [3] emphasizes: firmly uphold the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership over further comprehensively deepening reform, ensuring that Xinjiang’s reforms always advance in the correct political direction. As leading cadres at all levels in Xinjiang, it is even more necessary to raise political standing and ideological awareness, establish a clear orientation of taking on responsibilities and tackling difficulties, improve the fault-tolerance and error-correction mechanism, respect the pioneering spirit of the grassroots and the masses, create a strong atmosphere of daring to reform and innovate, and avoid the “spiritual procrastination syndrome” of “not acting.” Adhere to upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, properly handle the relationship between “breaking” and “establishing,” adhere to seeking progress while maintaining stability, properly handle the relationship between “daring to act boldly” and “ensuring steady steps,” resolutely discard inertial thinking and path dependence, and overcome the “timidity and anxiety syndrome” of “not daring to act.” Leading cadres at all levels, especially principal Party and government officials, must further emancipate their thinking, broaden their vision and perspective, adhere to the unity of principle and flexibility, innovate “optional actions” while doing a good job of “mandatory actions,” continuously improve their ability to analyze and solve problems, and eliminate the “capability panic syndrome” of “not being good at acting.” Establish and practice a correct outlook on political performance, adhere to proceeding from reality, work hard and persevere, eliminate the “political performance hunger syndrome” of “acting recklessly,” grasp the implementation of reforms with the spirit of “hammering in nails,” and with the confidence and courage to open roads through mountains and build bridges across waters, make new and greater contributions to writing the Xinjiang chapter of Chinese-path modernization.

新疆维吾尔自治区第十届委员会第十二次全体会议决议强调：坚定维护党中央对进一步全面深化改革的集中统一领导，确保新疆改革始终沿着正确政治方向前进。作为新疆各级党员领导干部，更需要提高政治站位和思想认识，树立担当作为、攻坚克难的鲜明导向，健全容错纠错机制，尊重基层和群众的首创精神，营造勇于改革、敢于创新的浓厚氛围，规避“不作为”的“精神拖延症”。坚持守正创新，处理好“破”与“立”的关系，坚持稳中求进，处理好“胆子要大”与“步子一定要稳”的关系，坚决摒弃惯性思维、路径依赖，克服“不敢为”的“胆小焦虑症”。各级领导干部特别是党政主要负责同志要进一步解放思想，拓宽格局视野、坚持原则性和灵活性相统一，在做好“规定动作”的同时又创新“自选动作”，不断提升分析问题和解决问题的能力，破除“不善为”的“本领恐慌症”。树立践行正确的政绩观，坚持从实际出发，真抓实干、久久为功，杜绝“乱作为”的“政绩饥渴症”，以“钉钉子”的精神抓好改革落实，以逢山开路、遇水架桥的信心和勇气为书写中国式现代化新疆篇章作出新的更大的贡献。

The tide of the times is surging forward, and the pace of reform never stops. Upholding the Party’s overall leadership over the further comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up in Xinjiang is the fundamental guarantee for Xinjiang to achieve social stability, economic development, ethnic unity, and lasting peace and order in the New Era. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,

时代的潮流浩浩荡荡，改革的步伐永不停歇。坚持党对进一步全面深化改革新疆实践的全面领导，是新疆在新时代实现社会稳定、经济发展、民族团结、长治久安的根本保证。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，新疆必将在经济、政治、文化、社会、生态等各领域不断改革创新，突破发展瓶颈，破解发展难题，释放发展潜力，必将在新时代焕发出更加璀璨的光彩，成为我国向西开放桥头堡、丝绸之路经济带核心区。

Author biographies: Zhang Wenlong, Associate Professor and Master’s Supervisor at the School of Marxism, Xinjiang Normal University; Zhang Lijuan, Dean, Professor, and Doctoral Supervisor at the School of Marxism, Xinjiang Normal University.

作者简介：张文龙，新疆师范大学马克思主义学院副教授，硕士生导师；张丽娟，新疆师范大学马克思主义学院院长，教授，博士生导师。

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