Adhering to the “Three Greater Emphases” to Further Deepen Reform Comprehensively

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was an important meeting convened at a critical juncture in advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. This plenary session, bearing the coordinates of the times, revolved around the major theme of advancing Chinese-path modernization, and clarified the guiding ideology, overall requirements, major measures, and fundamental guarantees for further deepening reform comprehensively. The *Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization* (hereinafter referred to as the *Decision*), reviewed and approved at the plenary session, distinctly puts forward in the guiding ideology for further deepening reform comprehensively the “greater emphasis on systemic integration, greater emphasis on highlighting key points, and greater emphasis on reform effectiveness.” These “three greater emphases” are a regular understanding our Party has gained through determined reform. They not only embody the new experience accumulated in comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era, but also provide scientific thought and working methods for further deepening reform comprehensively, offering basic guidance for successfully writing a new chapter of the times in advancing Chinese-path modernization on the new journey.

党的二十届三中全会是在以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期召开的一次重要会议。这一具有时代坐标意义的全会，围绕推进中国式现代化这个重大主题，明确了进一步全面深化改革的指导思想、总体要求、重大举措和根本保证。全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》）在进一步全面深化改革的指导思想中，鲜明提出“更加注重系统集成，更加注重突出重点，更加注重改革实效”。这“三个更加注重”，是我们党在锐意改革中得出的规律性认识，既体现了新时代全面深化改革所积累的新经验，又为进一步全面深化改革提供了科学的思想方法和工作方法，为成功书写新征程上推进中国式现代化的时代新篇提供了基本遵循。

1. Greater Emphasis on Systemic Integration

1.更加注重系统集成

All things in the world are universally interconnected. The entire world is not only an interconnected whole but also an interacting system. The systemic concept is a foundational thought and working method. To observe and understand the vast world, one must apply systemic thinking and a systemic concept. After reform entered a critical period and uncharted waters, the comprehensive deepening of reform initiated by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with immense political courage and dauntless spirit, involved an unprecedented breadth of fields and depth of interests touched, making it an extremely large-scale systemic project requiring coordinated planning across all aspects, levels, and elements. Only by adhering to the systemic concept and observing reform from a universally interconnected, comprehensive and systematic, and developmental and changing perspective can we grasp the laws of reform and smoothly advance it.

世间的万事万物都是普遍联系的。整个世界既是相互联系的整体，也是相互作用的系统。系统观念是具有基础性的思想和工作方法。观察和认识大千世界，必须运用系统思维、系统观念。在改革进入攻坚期和深水区之后，以习近平同志为核心的党中央以巨大政治勇气和大无畏气魄启动的全面深化改革，涉及领域之广、触及利益之深，前所未有、世所罕见，是一项规模极其宏大的系统工程，需要统筹谋划各个方面、各个层次、各个要素。只有坚持系统观念，用普遍联系的、全面系统的、发展变化的观点观察改革，才能把握改革规律，顺利推进改革。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the need to “adhere to observing things developmentally rather than statically, comprehensively rather than one-sidedly, systematically rather than fragmentarily, and with universal interconnection rather than in isolation, properly handling various major relationships”; he has emphasized the need to “adhere to planning and advancing with an overall perspective and systemic thinking, strengthening the coordination and complementarity of various reform measures, promoting concerted efforts and synergy among reform measures in various fields and aspects, enhancing overall effectiveness, and preventing and overcoming the phenomenon of each acting on its own and hindering each other.” It is precisely because of General Secretary Xi

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记强调要“坚持发展地而不是静止地、全面地而不是片面地、系统地而不是零散地、普遍联系地而不是单一孤立地观察事物，妥善处理各种重大关系”；强调要“坚持以全局观念和系统思维谋划推进，加强各项改革举措的协调配套，推动各领域各方面改革举措同向发力、形成合力，增强整体效能，防止和克服各行其是、相互掣肘的现象”。正是因为有习近平总书记的亲自领导、有习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的一系列新思想新观点新论断的科学指引，新时代的全面深化改革，才更加注重顶层设计、整体谋划，周密推动改革各项发展举措相互配合、相互促进、相得益彰；才更加强调牢固树立全国一盘棋思想，坚持算大账、算长远账，不打小算盘、不搞小聪明，引导各地区各部门把工作融入党和国家事业大局，为党和国家事业发展取得伟大成就提供了源源不断的强大动力，彰显了改革开放这个“关键一招”的重要作用。

Embarking on a new journey, to further deepen reform comprehensively and advance Chinese-path modernization, we must still adhere to a systems perspective, correctly handle major relationships such as those between economy and society, government and market, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, and development and security, and precisely grasp the relationships between the whole and the part, the present and the long-term, the macro and the micro, the principal contradiction and secondary contradictions, and the particular and the general. We must continuously enhance strategic thinking, historical thinking, dialectical thinking, systems thinking, innovative thinking, law-based thinking, and bottom-line thinking, and constantly increase the systemic nature, holistic nature, and synergy of reform.

踏上新征程，进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化，依然要坚持系统观念，正确处理好经济和社会、政府和市场、效率和公平、活力和秩序、发展和安全等重大关系，精准把握好全局和局部、当前和长远、宏观和微观、主要矛盾和次要矛盾、特殊和一般的关系，不断提高战略思维、历史思维、辩证思维、系统思维、创新思维、法治思维、底线思维能力，不断增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性。

2. Greater Emphasis on Highlighting Priorities

2.更加注重突出重点

Common sayings such as "leading an ox by the nose" and "lifting a garment by the collar" reflect the extreme importance of grasping the key links and priorities of a matter. Only by being adept at seizing priorities and seeking strategic breakthroughs can one drive the overall development of the situation. To promote the further comprehensive deepening of reform and implement many major reform measures well, we must both uphold an overall perspective, using comprehensive and systematic strategic thinking to make overall plans and advance on all fronts, and aim precisely at key links, highlighting priorities.

人们常说的“牵牛牵鼻子”“拎衣拎领子”等，反映了抓住事物关键环节和重点的极端重要性。只有善于抓住重点，寻求战略突破，才能带动事物发展全局。推动进一步全面深化改革，贯彻落实好诸多重大改革举措，既要坚持全局观念，以全面系统的战略思维统筹兼顾，全面推进；又要瞄准关键环节精准发力，突出重点。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that "in any work, we must address both the 'two-point theory' and the 'key-point theory'; without distinguishing primary from secondary, without making distinctions, and trying to grasp everything at once, we cannot do the work well." He has emphasized that "to further deepen reform comprehensively, we must grasp the principal contradiction and the principal aspect of the contradiction." The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, in leading the comprehensive deepening of reform, has grasped both important areas, important tasks, and important pilot projects, and also key subjects, key links, and key nodes, focusing on driving the overall situation with priorities. The most prominent among these is closely centering on development, the top priority, to deploy reforms in all aspects, emphasizing that economic system reform is the focus of comprehensively deepening reform, and the core issue of economic system reform is handling the relationship between the government and the market. Therefore, we not only proposed at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee to let the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, but also further proposed at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee to give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, achieving a dual breakthrough in theory and practice in economic system reform, enabling the "invisible hand" and the "visible hand" to work in tandem, promoting substantive progress in building a high-level socialist market economy system, and ensuring the solid and steady progress of the cause of the Party and the state. The "Decision" [1]1 The "Three Greater Emphases" (三个更加注重) refers to a guiding principle for reform, emphasizing greater attention to systemic integration, highlighting key points, and enhancing effectiveness, as articulated in the context of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC. highlights reforms of institutions and mechanisms, highlights major reforms of strategic and overall significance, and highlights the leading role of economic system reform, clarifying the key tasks and indicating the main direction of attack for further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization.

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记强调“在任何工作中，我们既要讲两点论，又要讲重点论，没有主次，不加区别，眉毛胡子一把抓，是做不好工作的”；强调“进一步全面深化改革，要抓住主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面”。以习近平同志为核心的党中央，在领导全面深化改革中，既抓重要领域、重要任务、重要试点，又抓关键主体、关键环节、关键节点，注重以重点带动全局。其中最为突出的是，紧紧围绕发展这个第一要务来部署各方面改革，强调经济体制改革是全面深化改革的重点，经济体制改革的核心问题是处理好政府和市场的关系。因此，我们不仅在党的十八届三中全会上提出使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，还在党的二十届三中全会上进一步提出充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，在经济体制改革上取得理论和实践的双重突破，使“看不见的手”和“看得见的手”协同发力，推动高水平社会主义市场经济体制的构建取得实质性进展，党和国家事业发展扎扎实实、稳中有进。《决定》突出体制机制改革，突出战略性、全局性重大改革，突出经济体制改革牵引作用，为进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化明确了重点任务、指出了主攻方向。

Embarking on a new journey, to further deepen reform comprehensively and advance Chinese-path modernization, we must closely focus on the priority of economic system reform, concentrate on building a high-level socialist market economy system, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better play the role of the government, uphold and improve the basic socialist economic system, promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, promote high-level opening up, build a modernized economic system, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development. At the same time, promoting economic system reform must proceed from practical needs, start with the most urgent matters, and deepen theoretical innovation and advance institutional innovation in solving practical problems. Under the guidance of economic system reform, reforms in other fields such as politics, culture, society, ecological civilization, and Party building must also focus on overall and strategic issues to plan reform measures, achieving the effect of "lifting the headrope of a fishing net to bring out all the meshes."

踏上新征程，进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化，要紧紧围绕经济体制改革这个重点，聚焦构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，推进高水平科技自立自强，推进高水平对外开放，建成现代化经济体系，加快构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展。同时，推进经济体制改革要从现实需要出发，从最紧迫的事情抓起，在解决实践问题中深化理论创新、推进制度创新。在经济体制改革的牵引下，政治、文化、社会、生态文明和党的建设等其他领域改革也要聚焦全局性、战略性问题谋划改革举措，实现纲举目张。

3. Greater Emphasis on Reform Effectiveness

3.更加注重改革实效

The country is the people, and the people are the country. What the Communist Party of China fights for and guards is the people's hearts. Reform carried out for the people is meaningful; reform relying on the people has

江山就是人民，人民就是江山。中国共产党打江山、守江山，守的是人民的心。为了人民而改革，改革才有意义；依靠人民改革，改革才有动力。在当代中国，我们党所推动的一切改革说到底是为了不断满足人民对美好生活的向往，让人民过上更好的日子。注重改革实效，简言之就是要通过狠抓改革落实，让老百姓共享改革红利、更加认同和支持改革。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized that "our Party comes from the people, is born for the people, and thrives because of the people"; that "taking the people's heart as our own heart, breathing the same air as the people, sharing the same fate, and being of one mind with them—this is the Party's original aspiration and also the Party's enduring commitment"; that we must respect the people's principal position and their spirit of pioneering innovation, responding to the people's calls with corresponding reforms; and that reform must be focused, concentrated, and vigorously implemented, ensuring it is as tight as possible, as meticulous as possible, and as solid as possible. It is precisely because we recognize the simple yet profound truth that the people are the creators of history that our Party has consistently taken the enhancement of the people's well-being as the starting point and ultimate goal of reform throughout the process of comprehensively deepening reform. Over the past decade and more, we have tirelessly advanced comprehensive and deep reform, achieving notable results in improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing the national governance system and governance capacity. This has provided a more complete institutional guarantee for the people to live better lives, and the people's sense of gain, happiness, and security have been continuously strengthened.

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记强调“我们党来自于人民，为人民而生，因人民而兴”“以百姓心为心，与人民同呼吸、共命运、心连心，是党的初心，也是党的恒心”；强调要尊重人民主体地位和首创精神，人民有所呼、改革有所应；强调改革要聚焦、聚神、聚力抓落实，做到紧之又紧、细之又细、实之又实。正是认识到人民才是历史的创造者这个朴素又深刻的道理，我们党才在全面深化改革进程中始终把增进人民福祉作为改革的出发点和落脚点。十多年来，我们驰而不息进行全面深化改革，完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化取得明显成效，为人民过上更好的日子提供了更为完善的制度保障，人民群众的获得感、幸福感和安全感得以不断增强。

Embarking on the new journey, to further deepen reform comprehensively and advance Chinese-path modernization, we must firmly adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, always treating the voices of the masses as the first signal, the needs of the masses as the first choice, and the interests of the masses as the first principle; we must combine a problem-oriented approach with a goal-oriented approach, making the resolution of the masses' urgent, difficult, and anxious problems the breakthrough point for reform, thereby completing the overall tasks of reform and achieving the overall goals of reform; we must implement tasks with the spirit of driving nails, seizing key points, targeting efforts precisely, persistently grasping and repeatedly grasping them. In particular, leading cadres at the main level must strive to be promoters and doers of reform, both taking command and leading the charge, both guiding everyone to set the overall plan well, clarify the path, and open the right prescription, and personally deploying important tasks, personally overseeing key links, and personally supervising implementation, daring to shoulder the heaviest burdens and gnaw the hardest bones.

踏上新征程，进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化，就要牢牢坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，始终把群众呼声作为第一信号、把群众需要作为第一选择、把群众利益作为第一原则；就要坚持问题导向和目标导向相结合，把解决人民群众急难愁盼问题作为改革的突破口，进而完成改革的总任务、实现改革的总目标；就要以钉钉子精神抓落实，扭住关键、精准发力，盯着抓、反复抓，特别是主要领导干部要争当改革促进派、实干家，既要挂帅又要出征，既要带领大家一起定好盘子、理清路子、开对方子，又要做到重要任务亲自部署、关键环节亲自把关、落实情况亲自督查，勇于挑最重的担子、啃最硬的骨头。

The history of China's reform and opening up, which has lasted nearly half a century, has already shown that only through reform and opening up can we gather people's hearts and unite strength; only through reform and opening up can we cut through thorns and thistles and strive upward for strength. Embarking on the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, facing the severe and complex international situation, facing the arduous and heavy tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, only by further deepening reform comprehensively and expanding opening up can we successfully ignite the vast and mighty power of hundreds of millions of people, unite as one to overcome various difficulties, risks, and challenges, and realize the historical cause of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation on schedule.

持续近半个世纪的中国改革开放史业已表明，唯有改革开放，才能汇聚人心、凝聚力量；唯有改革开放，才能披荆斩棘、向上图强。踏上全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程，面对严峻复杂的国际形势、面对艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，只有进一步全面深化改革、扩大开放，才能成功激发亿万人民的磅礴伟力、才能团结一致战胜各种困难风险挑战，如期实现强国建设、民族复兴的历史伟业。

(The author is a researcher at the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the Central Party School [National Academy of Governance])

（作者系中央党校〔国家行政学院〕习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员）

Online editor: Zhang Jian

网络编辑：张剑