The Original Theoretical Contributions of the “Two Integrations” in the New Era

General Secretary Xi Jinping, based on the historical orientation of the New Era, drawing on the Party’s experience in theoretical innovation, and in accordance with the requirements of new practical development and theoretical innovation, has further advanced the integration of the basic principles of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the fine traditional Chinese culture, creatively answering major questions concerning the development of the Party and the state, and forming a series of original theoretical achievements.

习近平总书记立足新时代历史方位，汲取党的理论创新经验，根据新的实践发展和理论创新要求，进一步推进马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，创造性回答了关系党和国家事业发展的重大问题，形成一系列原创性理论成果。

First, applying the Marxist theory of historical epochs to analyze the essence and stage-specific characteristics of the present era, he put forward the important idea of “changes unseen in a century.” “Many Western countries are experiencing sustained economic downturn, intensified polarization, and deepening social contradictions, indicating that the inherent contradiction of capitalism between socialized production and private ownership of the means of production still exists, but its forms of expression and characteristics have changed.” With the deepening development of economic globalization, the basic structure of the world economy is undergoing profound changes, multipolarity is advancing rapidly, and relations among the world’s major powers are undergoing major adjustments. Changes of the world, of the times, and of history are unfolding in unprecedented ways, and the changes unseen in a century are accelerating.

第一，运用马克思主义关于历史时代的理论，分析当今时代本质和阶段性特征，提出了“世界百年未有之大变局”的重要思想。“许多西方国家经济持续低迷、两极分化加剧、社会矛盾加深，说明资本主义固有的生产社会化和生产资料私人占有之间的矛盾依然存在，但表现形式、存在特点有所不同。”随着经济全球化不断深入发展，世界经济基本格局正在发生深刻变化，世界多极化快速推进，世界主要大国之间的关系正在进行重大调整。世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开，世界百年未有之大变局正在加速演进。

Second, applying the basic principles of Marxism to analyze the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, he put forward the “New Era” outlook and the “new contradiction” theory, scientifically grasped the dialectics of “constancy and change” in the basic national conditions, made strategic deployments for China’s development in the New Era, and promoted historic transformations in the cause of the Party and the state. Through unremitting efforts, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a New Era, and “the principal contradiction facing Chinese society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.” The new contradiction and new national conditions of the New Era have raised many new requirements for the work of the Party and the state, requiring the Party to lead the people, on the basis of continuing to promote development, to focus on solving the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, vigorously improve the quality and efficiency of development, promote the development of modernization to a higher level, better meet the people’s needs in the economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological fields, and better realize the all-round development of people and the overall progress of society.

第二，运用马克思主义基本原理分析中华民族伟大复兴战略全局，提出“新时代”观和“新矛盾”论，科学把握基本国情“不变与变”的辩证法，作出新时代中国发展战略部署，推动党和国家事业实现历史性变革。经过不懈努力，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，“我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾”。新时代的新矛盾和新国情，对党和国家工作提出了许多新要求，需要党带领人民在继续推动发展的基础上，着力解决好发展不平衡不充分的问题，大力提升发展质量和效益，推动现代化建设向更高层次发展，更好满足人民在经济、政治、文化、社会、生态等方面的需要，更好实现人的全面发展和社会全面进步。

Third, organically combining the common features of modernization in countries around the world with the distinctive characteristics of China’s modernization, he further advanced and expanded Chinese-path modernization, developed a new form of human civilization, and established the theory of Chinese-path modernization. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC comprehensively and systematically elaborated on Chinese-path modernization, pointing out that Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China, with Party leadership as its greatest advantage and most essential characteristic, and socialism as its fundamental institutional attribute. On the one hand, Chinese-path modernization possesses the common features and universal requirements of modernization in various countries, such as highly developed productive forces, a solid economic base, and improved living standards for the people, reflecting the general laws of the development of human society; on the other hand, Chinese-path modernization firmly bases itself on China’s specific realities, possesses distinct Chinese characteristics, and is modernization with a huge population, common prosperity for all the people, coordination between material and cultural-ethical progress, harmony between humanity and nature, and peaceful development. Chinese-path modernization is fundamentally different from capitalist modernization in terms of leadership, nature and purpose, value orientation, development direction, methods and pathways, overcomes the drawbacks of capitalist modernization, and creates a new model and development path for human modernization.

第三，把世界各国现代化的共同特征和中国现代化的鲜明特征有机结合起来，进一步推进和拓展中国式现代化，发展人类文明新形态，创立中国式现代化理论。党的二十大报告对中国式现代化作了全面系统阐述，指出中国式现代化是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化，党的领导是最大优势和最本质特征，社会主义是根本制度属性。一方面，中国式现代化具有各国现代化的共同特征和普遍要求，如生产力高度发达、经济基础雄厚、人民生活水平提高等，体现了人类社会发展的一般规律；另一方面，中国式现代化牢牢立足中国具体实际，具有鲜明的中国特色，是人口规模巨大、全体人民共同富裕、物质文明和精神文明相协调、人与自然和谐共生、走和平发展道路的现代化。中国式现代化在领导力量、性质目的、价值取向、发展方向、方法路径等方面与资本主义现代化有着本质区别，克服了资本主义现代化的弊端，创造了人类现代化的崭新模式和发展路径。

Fourth, applying the Marxist worldview and methodology throughout the cultural construction of the New Era, he put forward the basic stance, policy, attitude, and method for dealing with fine traditional Chinese culture, raising the understanding of fine traditional Chinese culture among Chinese Communists to a new height. This means using Marxist dialectics to examine traditional Chinese culture, from the perspectives of contemporary Chinese practice and future Chinese development, to better inherit its excellent achievements, promote its fine traditions, make it serve our purposes, serve the present, and serve the future, and achieve an effective integration of historical culture, contemporary practice, and future development; it means adhering to making the past serve the present, distinguishing the essence from the dross, and discarding the outdated while bringing forth the new, treating it with discrimination, inheriting it with critical selection, discarding those outdated negative ideas with the ideology of the exploiting classes, and promoting those positive ideas that transcend time, possess universal value, and can promote contemporary development, striving to educate and cultivate people through culture.

第四，把马克思主义世界观和方法论贯穿到新时代文化建设当中，提出对待中华优秀传统文化的基本立场、方针、态度和方法，把中国共产党人对中华优秀传统文化的认识提到新的高度。这就是要用马克思主义辩证法去审视中华传统文化，从当代中国实践和未来中国发展这两个角度，更好地继承其优秀成果，弘扬其优良传统，为我所用、为今所用、为将来所用，实现历史文化、当代实践和未来发展的有效贯通；就是要坚持古为今用、辩证取舍、推陈出新，有鉴别地加以对待，有扬弃地予以继承，摒弃那些过时的、带有剥削阶级意识形态的消极思想，弘扬那些超越时空、具有普遍价值、对当代发展有推动作用的积极思想，努力以文化人、以文育人。

Fifth, incorporating fine traditional Chinese culture into the cultural construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, he explored and promoted its essence and core meaning, enabling it to release strong vitality in the New Era. The most essential characteristic of the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics is its guidance by Marxism, its most realistic foundation is the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and its deepest cultural root is fine traditional Chinese culture. It is necessary to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, making it an organic component of the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics and a powerful support for strengthening cultural confidence.

第五，把中华优秀传统文化纳入中国特色社会主义文化建设当中，发掘和弘扬其精髓要义，使之在新时代释放出强大生命力。中国特色社会主义文化最本质的特征是以马克思主义为指导，最现实的基础是中国特色社会主义实践，最深厚的文化根基是中华优秀传统文化，要推进优秀传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展，使之成为中国特色社会主义文化的有机构成，成为坚定文化自信的有力支撑。

On the issue of the spiritual lineage of the Communist Party of China,

在中国共产党精神谱系问题上，习近平总书记把中华优秀传统文化同中国共产党的指导思想、政治立场、理想信念等有机结合起来，提出了伟大建党精神，伟大建党精神是中华优秀传统文化创造性转化和创新性发展的重要体现，为中华民族的精神世界增添了崭新内容。

On the issue of core socialist values, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that many ideological concepts and ethical norms in traditional culture possess timeless value, becoming common values that the people use daily without conscious awareness, and providing important resources for cultivating core socialist values.

在社会主义核心价值观问题上，习近平总书记强调，传统文化中的很多思想理念和道德规范都具有永不褪色的价值，成为人民群众日用而不觉的共同价值观念，为涵养社会主义核心价值观提供了重要资源。

On the issue of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that the Chinese nation has a profound cultural tradition, forming a distinctive ideological system that reflects the knowledge and wisdom accumulated by the Chinese people over thousands of years; to construct philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, it is necessary to reflect inheritance and national character, to be adept at integrating the resources of Marxism, the resources of fine traditional Chinese culture, and the resources of foreign philosophy and social sciences, adhering to not forgetting the original, absorbing the foreign, and facing the future; it is necessary to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, activating its powerful vitality and value appeal in the present era, so that together with the colorful civilizations created by the people of all countries, it can provide correct spiritual guidance for humanity.

在中国特色哲学社会科学问题上，习近平总书记强调，中华民族有着深厚文化传统，形成了富有特色的思想体系，体现了中国人民几千年来积累的知识智慧；构建中国特色哲学社会科学，要体现继承性、民族性，要善于融通马克思主义的资源、中华优秀传统文化的资源、国外哲学社会科学的资源，坚持不忘本来、吸收外来、面向未来；要推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展，激活其在当今时代的强大生命力和价值感召力，使之同各国人民创造的多彩文明一道，为人类提供正确精神指引。

Sixth, with profound philosophical thinking and systematic concepts, it scientifically reveals the points of convergence between the fundamental tenets of Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture, and in the process of promoting their integration, forms major theoretical creations. General Secretary Xi Jinping integrates the Marxist view that the people create history with the people-oriented thought in fine traditional Chinese culture, prominently emphasizing “putting the people first” as a standpoint, viewpoint, and method; integrates the Marxist communist ideal of a “genuine community” with the ideal of a great harmony society of “the world is for all” in fine traditional Chinese culture, proposing the thought of a community with a shared future for mankind; integrates the Marxist thought on the dialectical unity of transforming nature and respecting nature with the thoughts of unity of heaven and humanity and following the laws of nature in fine traditional Chinese culture, proposing the thought of ecological civilization featuring harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature; integrates the Marxist thought on the advanced nature and integrity of political parties with the thoughts of self-reflection and self-encouragement in fine traditional Chinese culture, proposing the theory of self-revolution.

第六，以深邃的哲学思维和系统观念，科学揭示马克思主义基本原理与中华优秀传统文化的契合点，在推动二者贯通的过程中，形成重大理论创造。习近平总书记把马克思主义关于人民群众创造历史的观点，与中华优秀传统文化中的民本思想贯通，将“人民至上”作为立场观点方法突出强调；把马克思主义“真正共同体”的共产主义理想，与中华优秀传统文化“天下为公”的大同社会理想贯通，提出人类命运共同体思想；把马克思主义关于改造自然与尊重自然辩证统一的思想，与中华优秀传统文化中天人合一、道法自然的思想贯通，提出人与自然和谐共生的生态文明思想；把马克思主义政党的先进性纯洁性思想，与中华优秀传统文化中反求诸己、自省自励的思想贯通，提出自我革命理论。

Author: Jin Minqing (Researcher at the Research Center for Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Party Secretary of the Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

作者：金民卿（中国社会科学院习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心研究员、中国社会科学院近代史研究所党委书记）

Online Editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧