Accurately Grasp the Dialectical Thinking in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Discourse on the Path to Solving the Unique Challenges of a Large Party

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects,” report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, October 16, 2022. clearly states, “We must always maintain the sobriety and determination to solve the unique challenges of a large party.” This marks the first time our Party has put forward the important political concept of “unique challenges of a large party.” At the same time, the report of the 20th National Congress also emphasizes, “Only by adhering to dialectical materialism and historical materialism can we correctly answer the major questions posed by the times and practice,” and “govern the Party, manage the Party, and build the Party with dialectical thinking.” The “unique challenges of a large party” is a scientific judgment made by organically integrating the basic principles of Marxism with the actual practice of building the Communist Party of China. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourse on the path to solving the “unique challenges of a large party” is especially imbued with dialectical thinking. It not only enriches and develops Marxist Party-building theory but also provides the most fundamental guidance for constructing a Sinicized Marxist Party-building theory. The dialectical thinking in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourse on the path to solving the “unique challenges of a large party” is mainly concentrated in three aspects: planning system construction from the perspective of connection, clarifying strategic deployment from the perspective of development, and analyzing standards and boundaries from the perspective of contradiction.

党的二十大报告明确指出，“必须时刻保持解决大党独有难题的清醒和坚定”，这是我们党首次提出“大党独有难题”这一重要政治概念。同时，党的二十大报告也强调，“坚持运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义，才能正确回答时代和实践提出的重大问题”，“辩证的思维管党治党建设党”。“大党独有难题”正是将马克思主义基本原理与中国共产党建设实际有机相结合作出的科学论断，习近平总书记关于“大党独有难题”破解之道的重要论述更是充满了辩证思维，不仅丰富和发展了马克思主义党建理论，而且为构建中国化的马克思主义党建理论提供了最根本遵循。习近平总书记对“大党独有难题”破解之道的重要论述的辩证思维主要集中体现在以联系的观点谋划体系建构、以发展的观点明晰战略部署、以矛盾的观点分析尺度依止三个方面。

I. Planning System Perfection from the Perspective of Connection

一、以联系的观点谋划体系健全

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC first proposed “improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.” Compared with previous expositions on the strategic layout of “comprehensive and strict governance of the Party,” the focus is more on the holistic construction and systematic improvement of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. The proposal to “improve the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party” is a major political measure and institutional innovation for coordinating comprehensive and strict governance of the Party and advancing the Party’s self-revolution. It fully reflects the unique insights of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core on the path to solving the “unique challenges of a large party” on the new journey of the New Era. Improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party should not only focus on parts while ignoring the whole, nor should it only grasp the macroscopic whole while neglecting key parts. Instead, it must apply the perspective of connection to plan system perfection, fully recognizing the inseparable organic connection between parts and the whole. It is necessary to both focus on the parts and consider the overall situation.

党的二十大报告首次提出“健全全面从严治党体系”，相较于先前“全面从严治党”战略布局的论述，落脚点更加侧重在对全面从严治党的整体性建构与系统性健全。“健全全面从严治党体系”的提出是统筹全面从严治党、推进党的自我革命的重大政治举措和体制机制创新，充分体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央在新时代新征程上对“大党独有难题”破解之道的独到见解。健全全面从严治党体系不应该只是片面地看到局部而不顾全局，也不应该只是把握宏观整体而忽视关键部分，而是做到运用联系的观点谋划体系健全，充分认识到部分与整体之间存在密不可分的有机联系，既要聚焦局部，又要通盘考虑。

The function of a part and its changes can affect the function of the whole, and the function of a key part and its changes can even play a decisive role in the function of the whole. To improve the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, it is essential to identify key parts and focal points, thereby achieving “twice the result with half the effort.” General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “To build our Party well, we must grasp the ‘key minority.’” [2]2 V. I. Lenin, “On the Question of Dialectics,” 1915. Party cadres, as the “key minority,” are the backbone of our Party’s cause. Improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party must firmly grasp this key group, “carrying out thematic education throughout the Party with a focus on leading cadres at and above the county and department level,” [3]3 Xi Jinping, speech at a meeting on economic work, 2015. further calibrating the baseline of thought and the bottom line of conduct, and ensuring the unity of thought and consistency of action across the Party. The crux of improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is not only reflected in grasping the key group but also in focusing on key areas. “We must carry out special rectification of more prominent corruption problems in specific industries, systems, and regions… and strengthen the reform of supervision mechanisms and the construction of institutions in key areas,” [4]4 Xi Jinping, speech at the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 9, 2023. further concentrating on the “hardest-hit areas” where more problems arise in the process of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. At the current stage, Party organizations at the county level are the key link connecting the upper and lower levels within the overall organizational structure of the Communist Party of China. The construction of the county Party committee link must receive sufficient attention, thereby radiating and driving the construction of Party organizations below the county

部分的功能及其变化会影响整体的功能，关键部分的功能及其变化甚至对整体的功能起决定作用。健全全面从严治党体系要抓准关键部位和重点部分，以此达到“事半功倍”的效果。习近平总书记指出：“要把我们党建设好，必须抓住‘关键少数’。”党员干部作为“关键少数”，是我们党的事业的中坚力量，健全全面从严治党体系必须牢牢抓住这一关键人群，“以县处级以上领导干部为重点在全党深入开展主题教育”，进一步校准思想基线和行为底线，保证全党的思想统一和行动一致；健全全面从严治党体系的要害之处不仅体现在抓住关键人群上，也体现在对重点范围的关注上。“要对比较突出的行业性、系统性、地域性腐败问题进行专项整治……加强重点领域监督机制改革和制度建设”，进一步聚焦全面从严治党过程中出现问题较多的“重灾区”。现阶段，县级党组织是中国共产党整体组织结构中承上启下的关键部分，县委这一环节的建设必须得到足够多的重视，由此辐射带动县委以下基层党组织的建设，习近平总书记强调：“抓好县委这个关键”，党的二十大报告也明确了“坚持大抓基层的鲜明导向”，要进一步夯实我们党的执政根基，由此建设长期执政的马克思主义政党。

The whole commands the parts from a dominant position; full attention must be paid to the function and effect of the whole, achieving the optimal state of the whole’s function by basing oneself on the whole and coordinating the overall situation. In the process of improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, problems cannot be viewed in isolation or one-sidedly; the universal and objective nature of the interconnections among things must be recognized, and a broader perspective must be used to comprehensively view and analyze the improvement of the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must adhere to full coverage in content, full coverage of targets, a complete chain of responsibility, and full integration of systems, to further improve the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects,” report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, October 16, 2022. In terms of content, this means covering all Party disciplines, including organizational discipline, clean governance discipline, mass work discipline, work discipline, and lifestyle discipline; discipline building must be placed in a more prominent position, and a “disciplinary matrix” covering all Party members and organizations at all levels must be constructed in an all-round way. In terms of subjects, this means “being strict upward and strict downward, strict in matters and strict with people,” not focusing on one or two “key points” or “priorities” while letting others slide, but ensuring that no person or matter enjoys privileges or exceptions. In terms of responsibility, this means clarifying direct responsibility in the process of disciplinary sanctions, highlighting leadership responsibility, tracing responsibility upward and downward without missing anyone, and achieving chain-based accountability. In terms of systems, this means “using the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and Party discipline to constrain one’s every word and action,” further realizing the interconnection, integration, implementation, and enforcement of various intra-Party rules and regulations.

整体以主导地位统率着部分，要充分重视整体的功能与作用，做到立足整体、统筹全局，从而达到整体功能的最佳状态。在健全全面从严治党体系的过程中，不能孤立地、片面地看待问题，要看到事物之间的联系是普遍的、客观的，要用更为广阔的视野来全面地看待和分析全面从严治党体系的健全。习近平总书记强调：“要坚持内容上全涵盖、对象上全覆盖、责任上全链条、制度上全贯通，进一步健全全面从严治党体系”。从内容上看，就是要涵盖党的所有纪律，包括组织纪律、廉洁纪律、群众纪律、工作纪律、生活纪律等，要把纪律建设摆在更加突出位置，全方位构建覆盖全体党员和各级组织的“纪律矩阵”；从主体上看，就是要做到“对上严、对下严，对事严、对人严”，不是关注一两处“关键”和“重点”而放任其他，而是做到任何人和事都没有特权、特例；从责任上看，就是要在纪律处分的过程中明确直接责任，突出领导责任，做到上下溯源、不漏一人，实现链式追责问责；从制度上看，就是要做到“用党章党规党纪约束自己的一言一行”，进一步实现党内各项规章制度的贯通互联和落实执行。

II. Clarifying Strategic Deployments from a Developmental Perspective

二、以发展的观点明晰战略部署

With the rapid development of the economy and society and the constant changes in the Party’s conditions, national conditions, and the global situation, the strategic deployment for the Party to govern itself and enforce strict discipline has been in a process of enrichment and continuous development. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must, from the height of the Party’s long-term governance, the nation’s enduring peace and stability, and the people’s well-being and happiness, regard comprehensive and strict governance of the Party as the Party’s long-term strategy and eternal subject.” [2]2 V. I. Lenin, “On the Question of Dialectics,” 1915. This fully demonstrates that the Chinese Communists, represented by General Secretary Xi Jinping, have always adhered to viewing Party building issues from a developmental perspective, always centering on the question of “what kind of long-term governing Marxist party to build and how to build a long-term governing Marxist party,” and have engaged in long and arduous in-depth exploration. On the new journey of the New Era, the path to solving the “unique problems of a large party” is to continue implementing comprehensive and strict governance of the Party from a developmental perspective, further solidly advance the Party’s self-revolution, and the strategic deployment to solve the “unique problems of a large party” will forever be in progress, never reaching completion.

随着经济社会的快速发展和党情国情世情的不断变化，党要管党、从严治党的战略部署一直处于丰富和不断发展的过程之中。正如习近平总书记所指出的那样：“要站在事关党长期执政、国家长治久安、人民幸福安康的高度，把全面从严治党作为党的长期战略、永恒课题。”这充分体现出以习近平同志为代表的中国共产党人，始终坚持用发展的观点看待党的建设问题，始终围绕着“建设什么样的长期执政的马克思主义政党，怎样建设长期执政的马克思主义政党”展开长期而又艰辛的深化探索。在新时代新征程上，“大党独有难题”的破解之道就是要用发展的观点来继续实行全面从严治党，进一步扎实推进党的自我革命，破解“大党独有难题”的战略部署永远只有进行时，绝不会有完成时。

The great revolutionary mentor Engels also pointed out: “The world is not to be comprehended as a complex of ready-made things, but as a complex of processes.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, speech at a meeting on economic work, 2015. Things exist and develop as processes. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC: “The whole Party must bear in mind that comprehensive and strict governance of the Party is always on the way, and the Party’s self-revolution is always on the way.” [4]4 Xi Jinping, speech at the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 9, 2023. Therefore, in the process of solving the “unique problems of a large party,” it is necessary not only to dispel any absurd ideas of resting on one’s laurels or hesitating to advance, but also to abandon all erroneous practices that seek to get things done once and for all, achieve success overnight, or follow old routines. The optimal solution more suitable for dealing with the “unique problems of a large party” must be continuously explored in dynamic progress. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “The system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party should be a dynamic system with rich connotations, complete functions, scientific standards, and efficient operation.” [5]5 Xi Jinping, speech at the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 9, 2023. From “strict governance of the Party” to “comprehensive and strict governance of the Party,” from “promoting comprehensive and strict governance of the Party to greater depth” to “improving the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party,” from “daring to engage in self-revolution and strictly governing and managing the Party” to “perfecting the institutional system for the Party’s self-revolution,” the continuous deepening of these formulations profoundly reflects that, in the process of solving the “unique problems of a large party,” based on a scientific examination of the objective development of the Party’s conditions, the Party has chosen to consistently view the “unique problems of a large party” from a developmental perspective, continuously advance strict governance of the Party in depth and substance, and continue to deepen the breadth and intensity of self-revolution.

伟大革命导师恩格斯也曾指出：“世界不是既成事物的集合体，而是过程的集合体”。事物是作为过程而存在和发展，习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出：“全党必须牢记，全面从严治党永远在路上，党的自我革命永远在路上。”因此，在破解“大党独有难题”的过程中，不仅要打消所有想要固步自封、踟蹰不前的荒谬想法，还要摒弃一切妄图一劳永逸、一蹴而就、因循守旧的错误做法，必须要在动态前进中不断摸索出更适合应对“大党独有难题”的最优解。习近平总书记强调：“全面从严治党体系应是一个内涵丰富、功能完备、科学规范、运行高效的动态系统。”从“从严治党”到“全面从严治党”、从“推动全面从严治党向纵深发展”到“健全全面从严治党体系”、从“勇于自我革命，从严管党治党”到“完善党的自我革命制度规范体系”，这些表述的不断深化，深刻反映出了党在破解“大党独有难题”的过程中，基于对党情客观发展情况的科学审视，选择了始终遵循着发展的观点看待“大党独有难题”，持续推进从严治党走深走实，继续深化自我革命的广度力度。

Dialectical materialism holds that the victory of the new over the old is an irresistible trend, and at the same time, the development of things is a unity of progress and twists and turns. One must clearly see that the path of development for new things is full of twists and hardships, and must properly grasp and handle the dialectical relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change in long-term struggle practice. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC clearly states: “Resolutely win the tough and protracted battle against corruption.” [1]1 Xi Jinping, “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects,” report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, October 16, 2022. The fight against corruption is an important part of the CPC’s Party building, a crucial means to solve “unique challenges of a large party” such as “how to always maintain a clean and upright political ecosystem,” and also a historical task spanning a long period and covering a wide range of fields. The struggle against corruption must both win the protracted war of a regular nature and fight well the immediate and phased tough battles. Only by fighting each tough battle well, accumulating small victories into big ones, can it be possible to win the protracted war. On the New Era’s new journey, we must continue to maintain a firmer resolve and confidence in the Party supervising itself and governing itself strictly, focus on accumulating the effectiveness of strict governance in ordinary times, always ensure that “the sword of justice hangs high and deterrence is ever-present,” steadily and firmly take every step on the path of solving the “unique challenges of a large party,” make unremitting efforts, and lay a solid foundation for achieving ultimate victory.

唯物辩证法认为，新事物战胜旧事物是不可阻挡的趋势，同时，事物的发展也是前进性和曲折性的统一，要清醒地看到新事物发展的道路是充满曲折艰辛的，要在长期的斗争实践中把握好处理好量变与质变的辩证关系。党的二十大报告明确指出：“坚决打赢反腐败斗争攻坚战持久战。” 反腐败斗争是中国共产党自身建设的重要内容，是破解“如何始终保持风清气正的政治生态”等“大党独有难题”的重要手段，也是一项时间跨度长、覆盖领域广的历史任务，反对腐败的斗争既要打赢常态性的持久战，又要打好眼前阶段性的攻坚战，只有一场场攻坚战打好了，积小胜为大胜，才有可能打赢持久战。新时代新征程上，我们要继续保持更加坚定党要管党、从严治党的决心和信心，注重在平时做好从严治党的成效积累，始终做到“利剑高悬、震慑常在”，在破解“大党独有难题”的道路上稳扎稳打地走好每一步，久久为功，为取得最终的胜利打下坚实基础。

III. Analyzing the Scale and Basis with the Viewpoint of Contradiction

三、以矛盾的观点分析尺度依止

Lenin once proposed: “Dialectics can be briefly defined as the doctrine of the unity of opposites.” [2]2 V. I. Lenin, “On the Question of Dialectics,” 1915. Contradiction is the essence and core of dialectics. Therefore, the path to solving the “unique challenges of a large party” must also rely on the viewpoint of contradiction to dialectically analyze its scale and basis. On the New Era’s new journey, the CPC must, among the many contradictions of “intra-Party and extra-Party, domestic and international, traditional and non-traditional, human society and nature,” precisely identify and properly resolve the principal contradiction facing the current stage. This is because the existence and development of the principal contradiction stipulate or influence the existence and development of other contradictions. Once the principal contradiction is resolved, secondary contradictions can be readily solved. At the same time, within a contradiction, one must also correctly view the dialectical relationship between the principal aspect and the secondary aspect of the contradiction, scientifically grasp the balance scale for handling the principal and secondary aspects of the contradiction, and distinguish between the “mainstream” and the “tributary.”

列宁曾经提出：“可以把辩证法简要地规定为关于对立统一的学说。”矛盾是辩证法的实质与核心，因此，“大党独有难题”的破解之道还必须依靠矛盾的观点辩证分析其尺度依止。新时代新征程上，中国共产党要在“党内和党外的、国内和国际的、传统和非传统的、人类社会和自然界的”诸多矛盾中，精准找出并妥善解决当前阶段面临的主要矛盾，因为主要矛盾存在和发展规定或影响着其他矛盾的存在和发展，主要矛盾解决了，次要矛盾便可迎刃而解；与此同时，在矛盾内部，也要正确看待矛盾的主要方面与次要方面的辩证关系，科学把握好处理矛盾主要方面与次要方面的平衡尺度，分清“主流”与“支流”。

The principal contradiction occupies a dominant position and plays a decisive role in the development of things. The principal aspect of the principal contradiction is in a commanding position and plays a leading role. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Without distinguishing the primary from the secondary, grabbing at everything indiscriminately, one cannot do the work well… Prioritize solving the principal contradiction and the principal aspect of the contradiction.” [3]3 Xi Jinping, speech at a meeting on economic work, 2015. When analyzing the scale and basis for solving the “unique challenges of a large party,” it is necessary to accurately grasp and firmly hold the principal contradiction, and through the resolution of the principal contradiction, provide preconditions and practical experience for the resolution of other contradictions.

主要矛盾居于主导地位，对事物的发展起着决定作用，主要矛盾的主要方面处于支配地位，起到主导作用。习近平总书记指出：“没有主次，不加区别，眉毛胡子一把抓，是做不好工作的……优先解决主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面”。在分析破解“大党独有难题”的尺度依止时，必须要抓准、抓牢主要矛盾，通过主要矛盾的解决来为其他矛盾的解决提供前提条件和实践经验。

For the current stage, there is still a certain tension between the quality of Party building and the historical tasks the Party needs to accomplish. This is the principal contradiction and prominent issue that our Party must directly face in the great journey of uniting and leading the Chinese people to build a modern socialist power and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourse on the path to solving the “unique challenges of a large party” provides the most fundamental guidance for the principal contradictions our Party needs to directly face and solve now and in the future. On this basis, through precise understanding and profound grasp of the method of contradiction analysis, we must concentrate efforts to further enhance the quality of Party building. At the same time, by “placing the rectification of formalism and bureaucracy in a more prominent position… placing discipline building in a more prominent position,” [4]4 Xi Jinping, speech at the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 9, 2023. we comprehensively improve the quality and level of Party building to align with the historical tasks the Party needs to accomplish.

就现阶段而言，党的建设质量与党需要完成的历史任务与之间还存在一定的张力，这是我们党在团结带领中国人民建设社会主义现代化强国，实现中华民族伟大复兴的伟大征程中，必须直面的主要矛盾和突出问题。习近平总书记关于“大党独有难题”破解之道的重要论述为我们党当前和将来需要直面解决的主要矛盾提供了最根本的遵循。在此基础之上，需要通过对矛盾分析法的精准理解和深刻把握，集中精力将党的建设质量进一步提升，同时，通过“把纠治形式主义、官僚主义摆在更加突出位置……要把纪律建设摆在更加突出位置”，来全面提升党的建设质量与水平，与党需要完成的历史任务相契合。

On the basis of precisely grasping the principal contradiction of the CPC at the current stage, we must also distinguish between the “mainstream” and the “tributary.” Currently, in the process of strengthening its own building and solving the principal contradiction, the overall effect presented by the CPC is “good,” and the overall atmosphere is “strict.” “Strictness” is the “main theme” and “main tone” of our Party in solving the principal contradiction. Comprehensive and strict governance of the Party “is key in being strict.” General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: “The entire process of Party rule formulation, Party discipline education, and enforcement supervision must implement strict requirements.” [5]5 Xi Jinping, speech at the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 9, 2023. He also explicitly demands: “Strictly manage discipline inspection and supervision cadres, and strictly punish corrupt elements within the system.” [6]6 Xi Jinping, speech at the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 9, 2023. Only by closely focusing on the “mainstream,” identifying the principal contradiction and its principal aspect, can we better promote the resolution of the principal contradiction. At the same time, on the basis of soberly analyzing the principal contradiction and its principal aspect currently facing the CPC, we also need to pay attention to secondary contradictions and secondary aspects of contradictions. While “strictness” is certainly the “mainstream” and principal aspect, General Secretary Xi Jinping also clearly emphasizes, “Strictness does not mean to stifle everyone to death,” [7]7 Xi Jinping, speech at a symposium on Party building, 2018. and we must take into account flexible measures in the process of governance, “adhere to the combination of strict management and care, and the equal emphasis on incentives and constraints,” [8]8 Xi Jinping, report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC, October 18, 2017. achieving a balance of hardness and softness. On the New Era’s new journey, high-quality development remains the primary task of building a modern socialist power. We cannot, by overemphasizing “strictness,” bind the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the vast number of Party members and cadres. Solving the “unique challenges of a large party” also cannot ignore secondary contradictions and secondary aspects of contradictions. “Softness” is the “tributary” and secondary aspect. We must implement the “three distinctions,” [9]9 The “three distinctions” refer to distinguishing between mistakes made in exploring reform due to lack of experience and violations of discipline and law; between mistakes in promoting development due to unclear upper-level regulations and deliberate violations; and between mistakes in accelerating development for the public interest and seeking personal gain. Introduced by Xi Jinping in 2016. encourage cadres to dare to take responsibility and actively act, and promote the resolution of secondary contradictions and secondary aspects of contradictions through means such as “effectively strengthening political education and Party spirit education.” [10]10 Xi Jinping, speech at the 20th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, January 9, 2023.

在精准抓牢中国共产党现阶段的主要矛盾的基础上，也要分清“主流”和“支流”，当前，中国共产党在加强自身建设、解决主要矛盾的过程中，呈现出的整体效果是“好”，总体氛围是“严”。“严”是我们党在解决主要矛盾过程中的“主旋律”和“主基调”，全面从严治党“关键在严”。习近平总书记强调：“党规制定、党纪教育、执纪监督全过程都要贯彻严的要求”。他还明确要求：“对纪检监察干部从严管理，对系统内的腐败分子从严惩治”。只有紧盯“主流”，辨明主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，才能更好地促进主要矛盾的解决。与此同时，在清醒地分析中国共产党当前面临的主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面的基础上，也需要重视次要矛盾和矛盾的次要方面。“严”固然是“主流”和主要方面，但习近平总书记同时也明确强调，“严并不是要把大家管死” ，要兼顾治党过程中的柔性措施，“坚持严管和厚爱结合、激励和约束并重”，做到刚柔并济。新时代新征程，高质量发展仍然是社会主义现代化强国建设第一要务，不能因为过于强调“严”而束缚了广大党员干部的积极性、主动性、创造性。破解“大党独有难题”也不能忽视次要矛盾和矛盾的次要方面，“柔”是“支流”和次要方面，要落实好“三个区分开来”，激励广大干部敢于担当、积极作为，通过“切实加强政治教育、党性教育”等手段促进次要矛盾和矛盾的次要方面的解决。

On the New Era’s new journey, comprehensively comprehending the dialectical thinking in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourse on the path to solving the “unique challenges of a large party” is conducive to the entire Party’s deeper understanding and grasp of the comprehensive and strict governance system and the improvement of the Party’s self-revolution institutional system, using “dialectical thinking to govern the Party, strictly govern the Party, and build the Party,” [11]11 Paraphrased from Xi Jinping’s emphasis on dialectical thinking in Party governance, various speeches. which has important theoretical significance and practical guiding value.

在新时代新征程上，全面领会习近平总书记关于“大党独有难题”破解之道重要论述的辩证思维，有利于全党上下更加深刻地理解和把握全面从严治党体系和完善党自我革命制度规范体系，用“辩证的思维管党治党建设党”，具有重要的理论意义和实践指导价值。

[This article is a phased result of provincial-level major scientific research projects (2022AH040049), provincial-level quality engineering projects (2022jyjxggyj237), Anhui University of Technology ideological and political theory course scientific research projects (21szkjszx001; 22mllyjszx003; 2021jy16), and the special research on the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC.]

【本文系省级重大科研项目（2022AH040049）、省级质量工程项目（2022jyjxggyj237）、安徽工业大学思想政治理论课科学研究项目（21szkjszx001；22mllyjszx003；2021jy16）、党的二十大精神专题研究阶段性成果】

(The authors are an associate professor and PhD from Anhui University of Technology; a master’s student from Anhui University of Technology; and a lecturer from Anhui University of Technology.)

（作者系安徽工业大学副教授，博士；安徽工业大学硕士研究生；安徽工业大学讲师。）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧