The Enlightenment of Zhejiang’s “Thousand Village Demonstration, Ten Thousand Village Renovation” Project for Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization in the New Era

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the implementation of Zhejiang’s “Thousand Village Demonstration, Ten Thousand Village Renovation” project. The “Thousand Village Demonstration, Ten Thousand Village Renovation” project was a major decision personally conceived, deployed, and promoted by General Secretary Xi Jinping during his work in Zhejiang. Over the past 20 years, General

今年是浙江“千万工程”实施20周年，“千村示范、万村整治”工程是习近平总书记在浙江工作时亲自谋划、亲自部署、亲自推动的一项重大决策。20年来，习近平总书记始终高度重视“千万工程”，党的十八大以来，他多次来到浙江，就全面推进乡村振兴，城乡协调发展等作出重要指示要求。习近平总书记指出，“要以深入实施乡村振兴战略为抓手，深化‘千村示范，万村整治’工程和美丽乡村、美丽城镇建设，建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系，加快推进农业农村现代化。”浙江省坚持一张蓝图绘到底，一任接着一任干，“千万工程”经历了“千村示范、万村整治”到“千村精品、万村美丽”深化提升，再朝着“千村未来、万村共富”迭代升级，造就了万千美丽乡村，也造福了广大农民群众，描绘出了村美人和共富新画卷。

Today, under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the land of Zhejiang is actively promoting the construction of a Beautiful China, comprehensively advancing rural revitalization, and building a demonstration zone for common prosperity through high-quality development. This provides more Zhejiang practices for realizing Chinese-path modernization, and also offers a Chinese solution for global environmental governance and the creation of a harmonious and livable beautiful human homeland. In September 2018, the “Thousand-Village Demonstration, Ten-Thousand-Village Renovation” project received the highest environmental honor of the United Nations—the “Champions of the Earth” award. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to rural revitalization. The report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC proposed implementing the rural revitalization strategy, which aims to solve the major problem on the road to common prosperity, namely the “three rural” issues [1]1 The “three rural” issues (三农问题) refer to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, which are considered the fundamental problems concerning the national economy and people’s livelihood in China.; the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out “comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.” The rural revitalization strategy concerns the overall and historic task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and is the overall focus of the “three rural” work in the New Era. The implementation of Zhejiang’s “Thousand-Village Demonstration, Ten-Thousand-Village Renovation” project is increasingly demonstrating its precious powerful strength and brilliant radiance, providing important enlightenment and contemporary value for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization in the New Era.

如今的之江大地在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指引下，正积极推动美丽中国建设，全面推进乡村振兴，高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区，为实现中国式现代化提供了更多浙江实践，也为全球环境治理及营造和谐宜居的美丽人类家园提供了中国方案。2018年9月，“千万工程”荣获联合国最高环保荣誉——“地球卫士奖”。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视乡村振兴，党的十九大报告提出实施乡村振兴战略，该战略意在解决共同富裕路上的重大难题，即“三农”问题；党的二十大报告指出，“全面推进乡村振兴”。乡村振兴战略关系全面建设社会主义现代化国家的全局性、历史性任务，是新时代“三农”工作的总抓手。浙江“千万工程”的实施日益展现出弥足珍贵的强大力量和璀璨光芒，对新时代全面推进乡村振兴具有重要启示与时代价值。

I. Emphasize Investigation and Research, Seek Methods and Paths for Rural Revitalization

一、重视调查研究，寻求乡村振兴方法路径

Facing the real problem of the widening urban-rural gap at the beginning of the 21st century, Comrade Xi Jinping, then Secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, conducted in-depth investigation and research, spending 118 days traveling to 11 prefectures and cities. On the basis of accurately grasping the provincial and agricultural conditions, Comrade Xi Jinping assessed the situation and showed great foresight. In June 2003, he made the major decision to implement the “Thousand-Village Demonstration, Ten-Thousand-Village Renovation” project, selecting about 10,000 administrative villages across the province for comprehensive renovation, and building about 1,000 central villages into comprehensively well-off demonstration villages. He also pointed out the need to build a batch of standardized, normalized, and comprehensively developed new rural construction demonstration villages, outlining the grand blueprint of the “Thousand-Village Demonstration, Ten-Thousand-Village Renovation” project, and laying a solid foundation for Zhejiang Province to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. Investigation and research are necessary conditions for scientific decision-making. Facts have proven that the success of this major decision of the “Thousand-Village Demonstration, Ten-Thousand-Village Renovation” project stems from General Secretary Xi Jinping’s initial precise grasp of the actual situation and profound understanding of the essence of the problem. Investigation and research take the pulse and diagnose the problems of rural revitalization. On the new journey of the New Era, all localities must adapt to local conditions, adjust measures to the times, and guide according to circumstances to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. Only by conducting in-depth investigation and research, taking into account the actual factors of different regions at different stages, can we take the right pulse, prescribe the right medicine, and administer the right remedy for rural revitalization, achieving both symptomatic and root-cause treatment, thereby finding the methods and paths to promote the revitalization of rural industries, talent, culture, ecology, and organizations.

面对21世纪初城乡差距拉大的现实问题，时任浙江省委书记的习近平同志深入开展调查研究，用了118天跑遍11个地市，在准确把握省情农情基础上，习近平同志审时度势，高瞻远瞩，于2003年6月，作出了实施“千万工程”的重大决策，从全省选择一万个左右的行政村全面整治，把一千个左右的中心村建成全面小康示范村，并指出要建设一批标准化、规范化、全面发展的新农村建设示范村，描绘了“千万工程”的宏伟蓝图，为浙江省全面推进乡村振兴打下坚实基础。调查研究是科学决策的必要条件，事实证明，“千万工程”这一重大决策的成功源于习近平总书记最初对实情的精准掌握与问题实质的深刻把握。调查研究为乡村振兴把脉问诊，新时代新征程上，各地要因地制宜、因时制宜、因势利导全面推进乡村振兴，只有深入调查研究，把不同地区不同阶段的实际因素考虑在内，才能为乡村振兴把好脉，对好症，下好药，做到标本兼治，从而找到促进乡村产业、人才、文化、生态和组织振兴的方法与路径。

II. Strengthen Ecological Construction, Promote Industrial Development According to Local Conditions

二、加强生态建设，因地制宜推进产业发展

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, “Build ecologically livable beautiful villages well, so that the vast number of farmers can have a greater sense of gain and happiness in rural revitalization.” Zhejiang’s “Thousand-Village Demonstration, Ten-Thousand-Village Renovation” project, from “cleaning garbage, cleaning sewage, cleaning toilets, hardening roads, greening villages” to “villages become scenic spots, farmhouses become guest rooms, resources become assets” and then to “rural living environment assessment continues to lead the country, forest coverage rate exceeds 61%, rural per capita income has ranked first in the country for twenty consecutive years,” all reflect the importance of improving the rural ecological environment and interpret the true meaning of the green development concept that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.” Changshan County, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, based on its local resource advantages, vigorously improves the rural living environment, promotes the development of green rural industries, continuously enriches the “oil tea +” tourism format, extends the industrial chain, and increases farmers’ income, vividly demonstrating that “if humanity is kind to the green mountains, the green mountains will not let humanity down.” The ecological environment is the foundation of human survival and development. If the ecology prospers, the countryside prospers; if the ecology declines, the countryside declines. Strengthening the construction of rural ecological civilization is a topic of the times, a realistic need to meet the broad masses of the people’s desire for a beautiful ecological environment, and an inevitable requirement of Chinese-path modernization. Practice has proven that to promote the construction of rural ecological civilization, we must work steadily and solidly, carry forward the spirit of driving in the nail, firmly establish the concept that “success does not necessarily have to be in my tenure, but success must necessarily have my contribution,” strictly adhere to the baseline of ecological function guarantee, the bottom line of environmental quality safety, and the upper limit of natural resource utilization, gradually improve the rural ecological environment, explore paths and methods to transform rural ecological advantages and cultural advantages into economic advantages, on the basis of ensuring food security, promote high-quality development of rural industries, continuously promote the integrated development of rural primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, transform ecological environment advantages into ecological economic advantages such as ecological agriculture and rural tourism, use rural green ecological resources as a lever to pry open the small universe of rural green industry development, thereby realizing the beautiful vision of a strong agricultural industry, a beautiful countryside, and prosperous farmers as soon as possible.

习近平总书记强调，“建设好生态宜居的美丽乡村，让广大农民在乡村振兴中有更多获得感、幸福感”。浙江的“千万工程”从“清垃圾、清污水、清厕所、道路硬化、村庄绿化”到“村庄变景区，农房变客房，资源变资产”再到“农村人居环境测评持续领跑全国，森林覆盖率超过了61%，农村人均收入连续二十年稳居全国第一”等无不体现乡村生态环境改善的重要性，无不诠释着“绿水青山就是金山银山”这一绿色发展理念的真谛。浙江衢州市常山县立足当地资源优势，大力提升农村人居环境，推进乡村绿色产业发展，持续丰富“油茶+”旅游业态，延长产业链条，增加农民收入，生动展现了“人不负青山，青山定不负人”。生态环境是人类生存和发展的根基，生态兴则乡村兴，生态衰则乡村衰，加强农村生态文明建设是时代课题，是满足广大人民群众对美好生态环境的现实需要，也是中国式现代化的必然要求。实践证明，推进农村生态文明建设，必须稳扎稳打，发扬钉钉子精神，牢固树立“功成不必在我，功成必定有我”理念，严守生态功能保障基线、环境质量安全底线、自然资源利用上线，逐步改善农村生态环境，探索将乡村生态优势、文化优势转化为经济优势的路径与方法，在保障粮食安全的基础上，推进乡村产业高质量发展，持续推进乡村一、二、三产业融合发展，将生态环境优势转换为生态农业、乡村旅游等生态经济优势，以乡村绿色生态资源为杠杆，撬动乡村绿色产业发展的小宇宙，从而早日实现农业强、农村美、农民富的美好愿景。

III. Pair Up for Mutual Assistance, Learn from Each Other’s Strengths to Promote Common Prosperity for the Masses

三、结对互帮互助，取长补短促进群众共富

In 2021, Zhejiang became the country’s first demonstration zone for common prosperity through high-quality development, and the “Thousand-Village Demonstration, Ten-Thousand-Village Renovation” project also iteratively upgraded towards “thousands of future villages, tens of thousands of villages achieving common prosperity.” Aiming at the weak link of relatively underdeveloped mountainous areas, Zhejiang created an “upgraded version of mountain-sea collaboration,” where economically strong counties and 26 mountainous counties pair up for mutual assistance, cooperate in industrial development to achieve common prosperity, and continuously expand cooperation content in public service fields such as medical care, education, and culture. At the same time, Zhejiang also accelerated the construction of digital villages, actively cultivated new agricultural and rural formats such as village-broadcast e-commerce, and innovatively built a batch of rural digital living halls. Driven by the “mountain-sea collaboration” mechanism, the “enclave” park economy in the 26 mountainous counties has flourished, the level of sharing of public services in mountainous areas has been greatly improved, and infrastructure construction has been gradually improved. After twenty years of leapfrog development, the per capita disposable income of rural permanent residents in Zhejiang has reached more than 37,000 yuan, ranking first among provinces and regions in the country for 38 consecutive years. Pairing up for mutual assistance is an important manifestation of Chinese-style regional bonds, blood bonds, neighborhood bonds, and ethnic bonds. It is the bond of mutual help among the Chinese nation, a manifestation of the synergy where 1+1>2. China’s pairing up for mutual assistance is based on the same culture and race, connected by blood, a heartfelt mutual help of “when one party is in trouble, support from all sides,” and a “multi-pronged” “national chessboard” development model involving the government, the market, and society. Common prosperity is the aspiration and expectation of the people for a better life in the New Era. Common prosperity is an important feature of Chinese-path modernization. The main problems facing the promotion of common prosperity in the New Era include unbalanced and inadequate development, and large gaps in urban-rural regional development and income distribution. To achieve common prosperity, coordinated regional development and coordinated urban-rural development are key. On the road to rural revitalization, all localities and regions must scientifically evaluate, understand their advantages, be familiar with their shortcomings, plan for mutual assistance and integration, enhance endogenous development momentum, and ultimately achieve the win-win goal of complementary advantages and learning from each other’s strengths to seek common prosperity.

2021年，浙江成为全国首个高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区，“千万工程”也朝着“千村未来、万村共富”迭代升级，针对山区发展较为薄弱这一短板，浙江打造“山海协作升级版”，经济强县和26个山区县结对互助，产业发展上携手致富，医疗教育文化等公共服务领域不断拓展合作内容，同时浙江还加快推进数字乡村建设，积极培育村播电商等农业农村新业态，创新建设一批乡村数字生活馆。山区26县在“山海协作”机制的推动下，“飞地”园区经济蓬勃发展，山区公共服务共享水平得到大幅提升，基础设施建设得到逐步完善。经过二十年跨越发展，浙江农村常住居民人均可支配收入达3.7万余元，连续38年居全国省区第一。结对互助是中国式地域情、血缘情、邻里情、民族情的重要体现，是中华民族互帮互助的情缘所在，是1+1>2的合力展现，中国的结对互助是同文同种、血脉相连的，是“一方有难，八方支援”的掏心掏肺的互相帮助，是政府、市场、社会都参与的“多管齐下”的“全国一盘棋”的发展模式。共同富裕是新时代人民对美好生活的向往和期盼，共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要特征，新时代推进共同富裕面临的主要问题有发展不平衡不充分，城乡区域发展和收入分配差距较大等，要实现共富，区域协调发展、城乡协调发展是关键，各地各区域在乡村振兴的道路上，要科学评估，了解优势，熟悉短板，谋划互助联合，提升内生发展动力，最终达到优势互补，取长补短谋共富的双赢目的。

IV. Base on Rural Characteristics, Release the Strong Momentum of Urban-Rural Integration

四、立足乡村特色，释放城乡融合强大动能

From 2021 to the present, the “Ten-Thousand Project” has formed a vivid situation of “thousands of villages moving toward the future, ten-thousand villages striving for common prosperity, urban-rural integration promoting integration, and the entire region creating harmony and beauty.” [2]2 The “Ten-Thousand Project” (千万工程) refers to the “Ten-Thousand Village Demonstration, Ten-Thousand Village Renovation” project initiated by Zhejiang Province in 2003, a large-scale rural environmental improvement and development initiative. Zhejiang’s “Ten-Thousand Project,” based on actual conditions and local characteristics, has turned the countryside into a series of harmonious and beautiful pictures, making the countryside a place that people yearn for, creating broader space for exploring urban-rural integrated development, and providing a very good example in releasing the powerful momentum of urban-rural integration and advancing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. In the “Shared Farmland” of Cailu Village, Dongyang City, Jinhua City, Zhejiang, the “direct seeding broadcast” method is used to solve the problem of abandoned farmland, and digital means assist agricultural development. The “Cailu Experience,” after continuous updating and development, has achieved a transformation from initial formation to basic maturity. At present, Cailu Village has formed a unique “feedback path” for industrial development. Nearly one hundred enterprises have settled in the village, and the village collective’s annual property income has increased by more than 2 million yuan, embarking on a unique path of urban-rural integration. In the process of advancing toward high-tech modern agriculture, it has promoted efficient production and the integration of agriculture and tourism. Urban-rural integrated development is the concentrated embodiment of Chinese-path modernization in urbanization and is an inevitable requirement for realizing rural revitalization, common prosperity for all the people, and the coordinated development of material and cultural-ethical progress.

2021年至今，“千万工程”形成“千村向未来、万村奔共富、城乡促融合、全域创和美”的生动局面。浙江“千万工程”立足实际，立足特色，将农村打造成一幅幅和美画卷，让农村成为人心向往的地方，为探索城乡融合发展打造了更加广阔的空间，在释放城乡融合强大动能，推进农业农村现代化进程方面提供了非常好的范例。在浙江金华市东阳市寀卢村的“共享田园”里，运用“撒直播”解决田地抛荒问题，以数字化手段助力农业发展，“寀卢经验”经过不断更新发展，实现了从初步形成到基本成型的转变。现目前，寀卢村已形成了独特的工业发展“反哺之道”，村里入驻近百家企业，村集体每年物业增收200多万，走上了独特的城乡融合之路，在向高科技现代化农业迈进的进程中，促进了高效生产和农旅融合。城乡融合发展是中国式现代化在城镇化方面的集中体现，是实现乡村振兴、全体人民共同富裕、物质文明和精神文明协调发展的必然要求。

In the process of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, all localities must study, think, and practice the scientific concepts and methods contained in the “Ten-Thousand Project,” especially the unique experience of urban-rural integration. Based on actual conditions, they should create a good natural environment and business environment, strengthen characteristic industries, improve grassroots infrastructure construction, optimize public services, continuously open up new realms of garden cities and urban-rural construction, scientifically allocate urban and rural resources, balance the flow of urban and rural factors, and promote the high-quality equalization of urban and rural infrastructure. In particular, they should enhance the endogenous development capacity of rural areas to gather resource factors and strengthen the endogenous driving force for sustainable rural development, thereby realizing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. On the basis of coordinating the integrated layout of urban and rural areas, vigorously develop rural advantages, so that the vast countryside can both see the mountains and waters, remember the nostalgia, and retain the local sentiment, with material and spirit advancing side by side, paving a red carpet of common prosperity on the “road home,” and making the “future countryside” an important display window for urban-rural integration.

各地在全面推进乡村振兴的进程中，要学思践悟“千万工程”所蕴含的科学理念方法，特别是城乡融合的独特经验，立足实际，创造良好的自然环境和营商环境，壮大特色产业、完善基层设施建设、优化公共服务、不断开辟田园城市、都市乡村建设的新境界，科学配置城乡资源，平衡城乡要素流动，推进城乡基础设施优质均等，特别要提高农村聚合资源要素的内生发展能力，增强乡村可持续发展内生动力，从而实现农业农村现代化。在统筹城乡一体化布局的基础上，大力发展乡村优势，使广大乡村既看得见山水，又记得住乡愁，还留得住乡情，物质与精神比翼齐飞，在“回乡的路上”铺就一条共富的红地毯，让“未来乡村”成为城乡融合的重要展示窗口。

(Author He Xionglang is a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Economics, Southwest Minzu University; Yin Fengming is a research assistant at the School of Economics, Southwest Minzu University)

（作者何雄浪系西南民族大学经济学院教授，博士生导师；尹凤茗系西南民族大学经济学院科研助理）

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧