Deeply Understanding the Three Dimensions of the “Two Integrations”

Abstract: The century-long struggle history of the Communist Party of China is precisely a history of persistently upholding the “Two Integrations,” and likewise a history of continuously advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. In his important speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the “Two Integrations” are the essential

摘要：中国共产党的百年奋斗史就是不断坚持“两个结合”的历史，亦是不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化的历史。习近平总书记在文化传承发展座谈会的重要讲话中强调，“两个结合”是中国特色社会主义的必由之路和最大法宝；“两个结合”巩固了文化主体性；“两个结合”是又一次的思想解放。中国共产党坚持“两个结合”，成功开辟和拓展了中国式现代化新道路，创造了人类文明新形态。

Keywords: Communist Party of China; “Two Integrations”; Marxism

关键词：中国共产党；“两个结合”；马克思主义

In his speech at the ceremony marking the centenary of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping, standing at the overall height of history and the era, for the first time put forward the major theoretical thesis of “upholding the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture.” [1]1 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture. In the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping

习近平总书记在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上的讲话，站在历史和时代全局的高度，首次提出“坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合”[1]的重大理论论断。在党的二十大报告中，习近平总书记对“两个结合”又进行新的阐释，明确指出“把马克思主义思想精髓同中华优秀传统文化精华贯通起来、同人民群众日用而不觉的共同价值观念融通起来。”[2]习近平总书记在文化传承发展座谈会的重要讲话中强调，“两个结合”是中国特色社会主义的必由之路和最大法宝；“两个结合”巩固了文化主体性；“两个结合”是又一次的思想解放。[3]这些重要论述为强国建设、民族复兴提供了行动指南，具有极其重要的意义。

I. Why the "Two Integrations"

一、为什么要“两个结合”

(I) The "Two Integrations" Are the Need to Advance the Adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese Context and the Needs of the Times

（一）“两个结合”是推进马克思主义中国化时代化的需要

The "Two Integrations" are the fundamental principle for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and the fundamental pathway for Marxism to maintain its vitality and dynamism in China. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, "The Chinese Communists have come to a profound understanding that only by integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China's specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture, and by applying dialectical materialism and historical materialism, can we correctly answer the major questions raised by the times and by practice, and can we always maintain the vigorous vitality and strong vitality of Marxism." [4]4 The Scientific Outlook on Development (科学发展观) is a guiding theory that emphasizes people-centered, comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable development. Marxism is scientific; it can correctly understand the laws of change and development in nature and human society. Only by adhering to the guidance of Marxism can our Party find the correct direction for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Party's century-old historical achievements show that "Why the Communist Party of China can succeed and why socialism with Chinese characteristics can work is, in the final analysis, because Marxism works, and because the Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times works." [5]5 The Opium War (鸦片战争, 1840-1842) was a military conflict between Qing China and Britain, often cited as the beginning of China’s “century of humiliation.”

“两个结合”是马克思主义中国化时代化的根本原则，是马克思主义在中国永葆生机和活力的根本途径。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中指出，“中国共产党人深刻认识到，只有把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，坚持运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义，才能正确回答时代和实践提出的重大问题，才能始终保持马克思主义的蓬勃生机和旺盛活力。”[4]马克思主义具有科学性，能够正确的认识自然和人类社会的变化发展规律。只有坚持马克思主义的指导，我们党才能找到实现中华民族伟大复兴的正确方向。党的百年历史成就表明，“中国共产党为什么能，中国特色社会主义为什么好，归根到底是马克思主义行，是中国化时代化的马克思主义行”[5]。

The adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is necessary to solve practical problems. As the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out, the "Two Integrations" must "focus on solving practical problems in reform and opening up and socialist modernization in the New Era, constantly answer the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times, and make correct answers that conform to China's reality and the requirements of the times." [6]6 Semi-colonial and semi-feudal society (半殖民地半封建社会) is the official CPC characterization of China’s social formation from the Opium War to 1949. The evolution from the "One Integration" to the "Two Integrations" is closely linked to the practical development of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, reflecting the distinctive feature of the "Two Integrations" unifying the development of the times with the requirements of practice. Adhering to a scientific and dialectical attitude towards Chinese culture, promoting the modern development of the best of traditional Chinese culture, and constructing a Marxist theoretical system with Chinese characteristics are the best entry points for promoting the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times in the New Era.

马克思主义的中国化时代化是为解决实际问题的需要，正如党的二十大报告指出的，“两个结合”要“着眼解决新时代改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的实际问题，不断回答中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问，作出符合中国实际和时代要求的正确回答”。[6]从“一个结合”到“两个结合”的演进与马克思主义中国化时代化的实践发展紧密相连，体现出“两个结合”时代发展与实践要求相统一的显著特征。坚持用科学辩证的态度对待中华文化，推动中华优秀传统文化现代化发展，建构中国特色的马克思主义理论体系，是推动新时代马克思主义中国化时代化的最佳切入点。

(II) The "Two Integrations" Are the Need to Achieve New Breakthroughs and New Progress in Chinese-Path Modernization

（二）“两个结合”是推进中国式现代化取得新突破、实现新进展的需要

From the perspective of the process of Chinese-path modernization, the "Two Integrations" are the key to advancing modernization and the methodological foundation for comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. The 20th National Congress of the CPC clearly summarized the five characteristics of Chinese-path modernization: a huge population, common prosperity for all the people, coordination between material and cultural-ethical progress, harmony between humanity and nature, and taking the path of peaceful development. The proposal of the "Two Integrations" not only indicates that the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has ushered in bright prospects, but also proves through practice that the path of Chinese-path modernization is the correct path for national rejuvenation and building a strong country. General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development provides us with a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and Chinese civilization, and further promotes the "Two Integrations," making the path of Chinese-path modernization broader through the "Two Integrations."

从中国式现代化建设的历程来看，“两个结合”是推进现代化建设的关键所在，是以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的方法论基础。党的二十大明确概括中国式现代化的五大特征：人口规模巨大、全体人民共同富裕、物质文明和精神文明相协调、人与自然和谐共生、走和平发展道路。“两个结合”的提出，不仅表明中华民族伟大复兴迎来了光明的前景，而且用实践证明中国式现代化道路是民族复兴、强国建设的正确道路。习近平总书记在文化传承发展座谈会上的重要讲话，为我们更加深入了解中华文化和中华文明，深入推进“两个结合”，使中国式现代化道路在“两个结合”中变得更加宽广。

II. The Possibility of the "Two Integrations"

二、“两个结合”的可能性

The Communist Party of China is the subject that promotes the "Two Integrations." Possessing the guidance of Marxism's scientific theory is the theoretical advantage of Chinese Communists, and is the soul and banner of the Communist Party of China, because the Communist Party of China is a firm believer in and theoretical inheritor of Marxism. In the course of Chinese Communists exploring the "Two Integrations," erroneous trends of thought such as dogmatism and empiricism, historical nihilism and cultural conservatism have emerged. These erroneous trends hinder the "Two Integrations," but the Communists have always maintained a clear head, firmly upheld their political stance, insisted on carrying forward the spirit of struggle, dared to struggle, and were good at struggle, clearing obstacles for the "Two Integrations." Chinese Communists possess a high degree of theoretical consciousness, constantly strengthening the Party's leadership, and providing the fundamental political guarantee for the "Two Integrations."

中国共产党是推动“两个结合”的主体。拥有马克思主义的科学理论指导是中国共产党人的理论优势，是中国共产党的灵魂和旗帜，因为中国共产党是马克思主义的坚定信仰者、理论传承者。在中国共产党人探索“两个结合”的历程中，出现了教条主义与经验主义、历史虚无主义与文化保守主义等错误思潮，这些错误思潮阻碍“两个结合”，而共产党人始终保持清醒的头脑，坚定自己的政治立场，坚持发扬斗争精神，敢于斗争，善于斗争，为“两个结合”清除障碍。中国共产党人拥有高度的理论自觉，始终不断加强党的领导，为“两个结合”提供根本政治保障。

Mutual compatibility is the prerequisite condition. If Marxism is the "soul vein" of the "Two Integrations," then the extensive and profound best of traditional Chinese culture is the "root vein" of the "Two Integrations." Marxism and the best of traditional Chinese culture share compatibility in many aspects such as values and political ideals. This compatibility is precisely the foundation and prerequisite for the integration of the two. Although Marxism and the best of traditional Chinese culture have different origins, the concepts embedded in the best of traditional Chinese culture, such as a world for all, the people as the foundation of the state, governing with virtue, discarding the old and embracing the new, appointing people on their merits, harmony between humanity and nature, unremitting self-improvement, and amity and good neighborliness, are highly compatible with the value propositions of scientific socialism. Only with mutual compatibility can organic integration be achieved. It must be deeply understood that the result of "integration" is mutual achievement. "Integration" is not a patchwork, not a simple physical reaction, but a profound chemical reaction, creating a new organic and unified cultural life form, making Marxism Chinese and the best of traditional Chinese culture modern, and making the new culture formed through "integration" the cultural form of Chinese-path modernization. The best of traditional Chinese culture is the crystallization of the wisdom of Chinese civilization. The integration of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture not only extends the cultural horizon of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, but also enriches the cultural connotation of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times.

相互契合性是前提条件。如果说马克思主义是“两个结合”的“魂脉”，中华优秀传统文化博大精深，则是“两个结合”的“根脉”。马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化在价值观念和政治理想等多方面都存在契合，这种契合性正是二者能够结合的基础和前提。尽管马克思主义和中华优秀传统文化来源不同，但中华优秀传统文化中蕴含的天下为公、民为邦本、为政以德、革故鼎新、任人唯贤、天人合一、自强不息、亲仁善邻等，同科学社会主义价值观主张具有高度契合性。相互契合才能有机结合。要深刻认识到，“结合”的结果是互相成就。“结合”不是拼盘，不是简单的物理反应，而是深刻的化学反应，造就了一个有机统一的新的文化生命体，让马克思主义成为中国的，中华优秀传统文化成为现代的，让经由“结合”而形成的新文化成为中国式现代化的文化形态。中华优秀传统文化是中华文明的智慧结晶，马克思主义与中华优秀传统文化的结合既延伸了马克思主义中国化时代化的文化视野，又丰富了马克思主义中国化时代化的文化内涵。

Creative transformation and innovative development are the basic methods. At the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development, General Secretary Xi Jinping further pointed out that the “Second Integration” is another ideological emancipation, enabling us to fully utilize the precious resources of fine traditional Chinese culture within a broader cultural space to explore theoretical and institutional innovations oriented toward the future. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on how to treat fine traditional Chinese culture emphasize that being adept at inheritance enables better innovation, and that not forgetting the original allows us to open up the future; they emphasize alignment with contemporary society and coordination with modern civilization; and they particularly emphasize creative transformation and innovative development. These discourses profoundly elucidate the dialectical relationship between cultural heritage and cultural development, fully embodying the upholding of fundamental principles and breaking new ground, and the consolidation of foundations and opening up new paths in the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. “Cultivating learning and fondness for antiquity, seeking truth from facts” and the Party’s ideological line of seeking truth from facts; “the people are the foundation of the state, and when the foundation is stable, the state is at peace” and the people-centered development thought; “harmony among all nations, and a world of great harmony” and the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind—these are inheritance, and even more so, creative transformation and innovative development. The integration of Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture is the essential path and the greatest magic weapon of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It endows Marxism with more Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, and endows Chinese culture with new features of the times, the spirit of the times, and the connotation of the times. This profoundly manifests that the result of “integration” is mutual achievement and two-way empowerment, fully reflecting the mutual interpenetration and inherent unity of “fine traditional Chinese culture is the ‘root’ of our Party’s innovative theories” and “using the truth force of Marxism to activate Chinese civilization.”

创造性转化和创新性发展是基本方法。习近平总书记在文化传承发展座谈会上进一步指出，“第二个结合”是又一次的思想解放，让我们能够在更广阔的文化空间中，充分运用中华优秀传统文化的宝贵资源，探索面向未来的理论和制度创新。习近平总书记关于如何对待中华优秀传统文化的重要论述，强调善于继承才能更好创新，不忘本来才能开辟未来；强调与当代社会相适应，与现代文明相协调；特别是强调创造性转化和创新性发展。这些论述深刻阐明了文化传承与文化发展的辩证关系，充分体现了中国特色社会主义文化建设的守正创新、固本开新。“修学好古、实事求是”与党的实事求是的思想路线，“民为邦本，本固邦宁”与以人民为中心的发展思想，“协和万邦、天下大同”与人类命运共同体的理念，是传承，更是创造性转化和创新性发展。马克思主义同中华优秀传统文化相结合，是中国特色社会主义的必由之路和最大法宝，使马克思主义更加具有中国特色、中国作风、中国气派，使中华文化更加具有新的时代特征、时代精神、时代内涵。深刻彰显了“结合”的成果是互相成就，双向赋能，充分体现了“中华优秀传统文化是我们党创新理论的‘根’”与“用马克思主义真理力量激活中华文明”的相互贯通、内在统一。

III. The Great Significance of the “Two Integrations”

三、“两个结合”的重大意义

In his important speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that the “Two Integrations” are a regular understanding we have gained in exploring the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and they are the greatest magic weapon for our success.[7]7 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the CPC’s principle of integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture. It was formally articulated by Xi Jinping in 2021 and elaborated in 2023. By adhering to the “Two Integrations,” the Party has led the people to create and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, to blaze a new path of Chinese-path modernization, and to create a new form of human civilization.

习近平总书记在文化传承发展座谈会上的重要讲话中强调，“两个结合”是我们在探索中国特色社会主义道路中得出的规律性认识，是我们取得成功的最大法宝。[7]坚持“两个结合”，党带领人民开创和发展了中国特色社会主义，走出了中国式现代化新道路，创造出人类文明新形态。

(I) Creating and Developing Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

（一）开创和发展了中国特色社会主义

The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a socialist path with Chinese characteristics forged under the guidance of Marxism. Looking back on the century-long struggle of the Communist Party of China, Chinese Communists have integrated the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture, focusing on solving practical problems in revolution, construction, and reform. Our Party possesses a high degree of theoretical consciousness, localizing Marxism in China, gradually forming Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, and advancing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the correct direction. Without the integration of Marxism with China’s specific realities, there would be no socialism with Chinese characteristics. Deng Xiaoping Theory scientifically answered a series of basic questions concerning the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, providing action guides and practical adherence for its better development. The important thought of the “Three Represents” creatively answered the questions of what kind of Party to build and how to build it, providing reliable political guarantees for advancing the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Scientific Outlook on Development profoundly recognized and answered major questions such as what kind of development to achieve and how to achieve it under the new circumstances. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era scientifically answers major contemporary questions such as what kind of socialism with Chinese characteristics to uphold and develop in the New Era and how to uphold and develop it. It is an important achievement of the Communist Party of China in theoretical innovation on the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics and a contemporary achievement of the Party in advancing the “Two Integrations.” The “Two Integrations” are the essential path for creating and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Adhering to the “Two Integrations” promotes Marxism to blossom and bear fruit on Chinese soil, enabling the Communist Party of China to better advance socialism with Chinese characteristics.

中国特色社会主义道路是在马克思主义指导下走出来的具有中国特色的社会主义道路。回首中国共产党的百年奋斗历程，中国共产党人把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，着眼于解决革命、建设、改革中的实际问题。我们党有着高度的理论自觉，将马克思主义在中国本土化，逐渐形成中国化时代化的马克思主义，推进中国特色社会主义朝着正确的方向前进。没有马克思与中国具体实际的结合，就不会有中国特色社会主义。邓小平理论科学回答了建设中国特色社会主义的一系列基本问题，为中国特色社会主义更好地发展提供了行动指南和实践遵循。“三个代表”重要思想创造性的回答了建设什么样的党、怎样建设党的问题，为推进中国特色社会主义建设提供可靠的政治保障。科学发展观深刻认识和回答了新形势下实现什么样的发展、怎样发展等重大问题.习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学回答了新时代坚持和发展什么样的中国特色社会主义、怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义等重大时代课题，是中国共产党对中国特色社会主义建设理论创新的重要成果，是中国共产党推进“两个结合”的时代成果。“两个结合”是开辟和发展中国特色社会主义的必由之路。坚持“两个结合”，推进马克思主义在中华大地上开花结果，使中国共产党更好的推进中国特色社会主义。

(II) Opening Up and Expanding the New Path of Chinese-Path Modernization

（二）开辟和拓展了中国式现代化新道路

Achieving modernization is a goal pursued by all countries in the world. After the Opium War, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. From then on, the Chinese people began to explore paths of national salvation and survival in order to realize the dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. All classes in Chinese society sought paths to achieve national rejuvenation. History has proven that none of these attempts enabled China to find the correct path to modernization. After the founding of the Communist Party of China, it united and led the people through long-term practice and arduous exploration, integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture, and explored a path of Chinese-path modernization. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters the New Era, Chinese-path modernization has become perceptible, feasible, and more scientific. The “Two Integrations” are a great innovation of Marxism based on China’s realities and the changes of the times, requiring continuous development and practice along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new journey, we will also face greater tests. Currently, the world is undergoing changes unseen in a century, and we are facing unprecedented risks and challenges. Our Party should always adhere to using the basic tenets of Marxism to analyze and solve problems, consciously integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture, so that Marxism presents more Chinese style and Chinese characteristics, promoting the steady and long-term progress of Chinese-path modernization.

实现现代化，是世界各国追求的目标。鸦片战争以后，中国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，从此，中国人民为了实现中华民族伟大复兴的梦想开始探寻救亡图存的道路，中国社会各阶级都在寻找实现民族复兴的道路，历史证明，这些尝试都未能使中国找到走上现代化的正确道路。中国共产党成立后，团结带领人民经过长期实践和艰辛的探索，把马克思主义基本原理与中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，探索出一条中国式现代化道路。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，中国式现代化可感可行、更加科学。“两个结合”是马克思主义立足中国实际和时代变化的伟大创新，在中国特色社会主义道路中需要不断发展和实践。随着中国特色社会主义进入新征程，我们也将会面临着更大的考验。当前，世界正处于百年未有之大变局，我们面临着前所未有的风险和挑战，我们党应始终坚持用马克思主义基本原理分析问题、解决问题，自觉把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，使马克思主义更多的呈现中国风格、中国特色，推动中国式现代化行稳致远。

(III) Creating a New Form of Human Civilization

（三）创造了人类文明新形态

The new form of human civilization was not obtained through imagination. In his important speech at the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the original contribution of the new form of human civilization to the patterns of civilization. The creation of the new form of human civilization is the result of the Communist Party of China adhering to the guidance of Marxism, insisting on integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture, and continuously advancing the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. The integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture depicts the beautiful blueprint of the new form of human civilization. At the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development, Xi Jinping emphasized that continuing to promote cultural prosperity, build a strong cultural nation, and build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation from a new starting point is our new cultural mission in the New Era.[8]8 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022, at which Xi Jinping delivered the work report cited here. This important discourse points the direction for the development of fine traditional Chinese culture, promotes its innovative development, and adds rich cultural connotations to the new form of human civilization. General Secretary Xi Jinping also pointed out: “The best way to inherit history is to create new history; the greatest respect for human civilization is to create a new form of human civilization.”[9]9 The Symposium on Cultural Heritage Development was held by Xi Jinping on June 2, 2023, to discuss the role of traditional Chinese culture in the Party’s theoretical work. Chinese-path modernization endows Chinese civilization with contemporary connotations, and Chinese civilization endows Chinese-path modernization with cultural depth. Chinese-path modernization is deeply rooted in fine traditional Chinese culture, embodies the essence of scientific socialism, absorbs all outstanding achievements of human civilization, and presents a completely new picture on the world stage different from Western modernization; the essence of Chinese-path modernization is people-centeredness, which is the most fundamental difference from the “logic of capital” of Western modernization. Chinese-path modernization creates a new form of human civilization. This new form of human civilization achieves a transcendence of Western capitalist civilization, is rooted in fine traditional Chinese culture, draws on and absorbs all outstanding achievements of human civilization, and represents the direction of the progress and development of human civilization.

人类文明新形态，不是凭空想象得来的。习近平总书记在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上的重要讲话中强调了人类文明新形态对文明样态的原创性贡献。人类文明新形态的创造，是中国共产党坚持以马克思主义为指导，坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，不断推进马克思主义中国化时代化的成果。马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，描绘出人类文明新形态的美好图景。习近平在文化传承发展座谈会上强调，在新的起点上继续推动文化繁荣、建设文化强国、建设中华民族现代文明，是我们在新时代新的文化使命。[8]这一重要论述为中华优秀传统文化的发展指明了方向，推动中华优秀传统文化实现创新性发展，为人类文明新形态增加了丰富的文化内涵。习近平总书记还指出：“对历史最好的继承，就是创造新的历史；对人类文明最大的礼敬，就是创造人类文明新形态”。[9]中国式现代化赋予中华文明以时代内涵，中华文明赋予中国式现代化以文化底蕴。中国式现代化，深深植根于中华优秀传统文化，体现出科学社会主义的本质，吸收一切人类优秀文明成果，在世界舞台上展现出不同于西方现代化的全新的图景；中国式现代化的本质是以人为本，这与西方现代化的“资本逻辑”有着最根本的区别。中国式现代化开创人类文明新形态，这一人类文明新形态，实现了对西方资本主义文明的超越，植根于中华优秀传统文化，借鉴吸收一切人类优秀文明成果，代表人类文明进步发展的方向。

[Project Fund: Henan Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Basic Research Major Project “Philosophical Research on Xi Jinping’s Thought on Ecological Civilization” (2023-JCZD-03); Phased results of the Henan Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning College Ideological and Political Theory Course Research Special Project (2022ZSZ023).]

【项目基金：河南省哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目“习近平生态文明思想的哲学研究”（2023-JCZD-03）；河南省哲学社会科学规划高校思想政治理论课研究专项（2022ZSZ023）的阶段性成果。】

(Author Biographies: Yang Weijun, Third-Level Professor at the School of Marxism, Henan University of Technology; Xu Liping, Master’s Student at the School of Marxism, Henan University of Technology.)

（作者简介：杨卫军，河南工业大学马克思主义学院三级教授；徐李平，河南工业大学马克思主义学院硕士研究生。）

References:

参考文献：

[1]1 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture. *Speech at the Celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China*, People’s Publishing House, 2021 edition, p. 13.

[1]《在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上的讲话》，人民出版社2021年版，第13页。

[2]2 The “Second Integration” (第二个结合) is the integration of Marxism with fine traditional Chinese culture, as distinguished from the first integration with China’s specific realities. “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects – Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” People’s Publishing House, 2022 edition, p. 15.

[2]《高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗——在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告》，人民出版社2022年版，第15页。

[3]3 The “Three Represents” (三个代表) is a guiding theory that the CPC must always represent the development demands of China’s advanced productive forces, the forward direction of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the Chinese people. Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage Development,” Xinhua Net, June 2, 2023.

[3]习近平：《在文化传承发展座谈会上的讲话》，新华网，2023年6月2日。

[4]4 The Scientific Outlook on Development (科学发展观) is a guiding theory that emphasizes people-centered, comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable development. “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects – Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” People’s Publishing House, 2022 edition, pp. 14–15.

[4]《高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗——在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告》，人民出版社2022年版，第14—15页。

[5]5 The Opium War (鸦片战争, 1840-1842) was a military conflict between Qing China and Britain, often cited as the beginning of China’s “century of humiliation.” “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects – Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” People’s Publishing House, 2022 edition, p. 14.

[5]《高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗——在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告》，人民出版社2022年版，第14页。

[6]6 Semi-colonial and semi-feudal society (半殖民地半封建社会) is the official CPC characterization of China’s social formation from the Opium War to 1949. “Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects – Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” People’s Publishing House, 2022 edition, p. 15.

[6]《高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗——在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告》，人民出版社2022年版，第15页。

[7]7 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to the CPC’s principle of integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture. It was formally articulated by Xi Jinping in 2021 and elaborated in 2023. Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage Development,” Xinhua Net, June 2, 2023.

[7]习近平：《在文化传承发展座谈会上的讲话》，新华网，2023年6月2日。

[8]8 The 20th National Congress of the CPC was held in October 2022, at which Xi Jinping delivered the work report cited here. Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage Development,” Xinhua Net, June 2, 2023.

[8]习近平：《在文化传承发展座谈会上的讲话》，新华网，2023年6月2日。

[9]9 The Symposium on Cultural Heritage Development was held by Xi Jinping on June 2, 2023, to discuss the role of traditional Chinese culture in the Party’s theoretical work. Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage Development,” Xinhua Net, June 2, 2023.

[9]习近平：《在文化传承发展座谈会上的讲话》，新华网，2023年6月2日。

Online editor: Huihui

网络编辑：慧慧