Deeply Study and Carefully Comprehend General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Strategic Thought on Overall Planning

[Abstract] The strategic thought on overall planning is one of the important ideological sources of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. This article first provides a brief review of the concept of overall planning and the study of overall planning science, with the aim of understanding the basic meaning of overall planning and grasping its ideological essence. Second, it reviews General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on overall planning since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 The theory of yin-yang and the five elements (yinyang wuxing) is a classical Chinese cosmological framework that explains natural and social phenomena through the interaction of two opposing forces (yin and yang) and five fundamental phases (wood, fire, earth, metal, water)., exploring General Secretary Xi Jinping’s strategic thought on overall planning. Third, it demonstrates the practical brilliance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s strategic thought on overall planning from four levels

[摘要]统筹的战略思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要思想源泉之一。本文首先对统筹概念、统筹学研究作简要回顾，目的在于理解统筹的基本要义，掌握其思想精髓；其次，回顾党的十八大以来习近平总书记关于统筹的重要论述，探究习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想；再次，从城市工作、统筹城乡协调发展、生态文明建设和统筹发展与安全四个层面，展现习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想的实践光辉。

[Keywords] Thought on overall planning; science of overall planning; urban work; overall planning for coordinated urban and rural development; ecological civilization construction; overall planning for development and security

[关键词]统筹思想；统筹学；城市工作；统筹城乡协调发展；生态文明建设；统筹发展与安全

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era contains a wealth of thinking methods, and overall planning is one of them. Overall planning is first and foremost a scientific mode of thinking. It emphasizes the need to follow the principles of systematicity and holism, to regard each element as an inseparable, organically interconnected whole, to pay attention to grasping the mutual relationships and interactions among all parties, and to proceed from the overall situation, making unified arrangements and deployments according to local characteristics and functions, so as to maximize the overall effect and holistic function. Secondly, overall planning is also an effective working method. It emphasizes correctly handling the dialectical relationship between the principal contradiction and secondary contradictions, and between the principal aspect and secondary aspect of a contradiction, focusing on the key areas and crucial links of the overall situation, while simultaneously integrating resources, coordinating forces, and handling work in all aspects in a hierarchical and step-by-step manner. For example, it is necessary both to make a top-level design for comprehensively deepening reform and to give prominence to advancing reforms in important fields and key links.

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想蕴含着丰富的思维方法，统筹就是其一。统筹首先是科学的思维方式。它强调要遵循系统性和整体性原则，把各个要素看成不可分割的有机联系着的整体，注重把握各方相互关系和作用，而且要从全局出发，按照局部特点和功能统一部署和安排，最大限度发挥全局效应和整体功能。其次，统筹也是有效的工作方法，它强调要正确处理好主要矛盾和次要矛盾、矛盾主要方面和次要方面的辩证关系，着力于全局的重点领域和关键环节，同时整合资源、协调力量，分层次、有步骤地处理好各方面工作。比如，既要对全面深化改革作出顶层设计，又要突出抓好重要领域和关键环节的改革。

What is particularly noteworthy is that the Party Central Committee has always been highly adept at applying the thought of overall planning to resolve contradictions and problems in economic and social development. It can be said that overall planning is both a scientific method of governance and an important historical experience in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. In February 2014, when receiving an interview with a Russian television station, General Secretary Xi Jinping stated that China’s leaders must, on the basis of getting a clear picture

值得引人关注的是，党中央历来十分善于运用统筹思想，以解决经济社会发展中的矛盾问题。可以说，统筹既是治国理政的科学方法，也是中国特色社会主义建设的一条重要历史经验。2014年2月，习近平总书记在接受俄罗斯电视台专访时表示，中国的领导人，必须在把情况搞清楚的基础上，统筹兼顾、综合平衡，突出重点、带动全局，有的时候要抓大放小、以大兼小，有的时候又要以小带大、小中见大，形象地说，就是要“十个指头弹钢琴”。习近平总书记在治国理政实践中，既强调全局观，又注重优先解决主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，以重要领域和关键环节的突破带动全局。深入学习、透彻研究习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想，具有十分重要的理论价值和实践意义。

I. A Brief Review of the Concept of Overall Planning and the Study of Overall Planning Science

一、统筹概念与统筹学研究的简要回顾

The term “overall planning” (tongchou) is defined in the *Modern Chinese Dictionary* as unified planning or comprehensive planning. From a management perspective, the basic meaning of overall planning refers to the unified planning, organization, and utilization of various activities and resources within a certain matter or field, under the principle of holistic consideration and overall coordination, in order to achieve rational, efficient, and coordinated objectives. Today, the thought of overall planning entails grasping the overall situation, scientifically planning, balancing all sides, and being adept at seizing key points and crucial aspects. From a cultural origin, overall planning embodies the thinking mode of the genes of fine traditional Chinese culture, with its ideological origins stretching back thousands of years. A representative example is the ancient Chinese theory of yin-yang and the five elements [1]1 The theory of yin-yang and the five elements (yinyang wuxing) is a classical Chinese cosmological framework that explains natural and social phenomena through the interaction of two opposing forces (yin and yang) and five fundamental phases (wood, fire, earth, metal, water).. The theory of yin-yang and the five elements manifests a nearly naive dialectical materialism; it focuses on the whole of things and the coordination and unity among the various components within that whole, requiring people, in the process of understanding and transforming the world, to proceed from a holistic perspective, grasp the overall situation, make comprehensive plans, and balance all aspects, thereby achieving coordinated development. This is the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture. In China, management personnel or those with practical experience generally have a roughly similar understanding of the concept of overall planning, applying this comprehensive thinking to practical work daily without conscious awareness. In short, the thought of overall planning has been widely applied in all areas of social life and in the decision-making of leaders at all levels.

“统筹”一词在《现代汉语词典》中表述为统一筹划或通盘筹划。从管理的视角看，统筹的基本含义是指在整体考虑、全局协调的原则下，对于某一事物或某一领域内的各种活动、资源等进行统一规划、组织和运用，以达到合理、高效、协调的目的。今天看来，统筹的思想就是要总揽全局，科学筹划，兼顾各方，而且要善于抓重点、抓关键。从文化渊源看，统筹体现了中华优秀传统文化基因的思维模式，其思想渊源已有数千年的历史。其中较有代表性的便是中国古代的阴阳五行学说。阴阳五行学说体现的是一种近乎朴素的唯物辩证法，它关注事物的整体以及整体内部各个组成部分之间的协调统一，要求人们在认识世界、改造世界的过程中，从整体的角度出发，统揽全局，通盘筹划，兼顾各个方面，从而实现协调发展，这是中华优秀传统文化中的精华所在。在中国，通常管理人员或有实践经验的人，对统筹概念都有大致近似的理解，日用而不觉地将这种综合思想应用于实际工作中。总之，统筹思想已被广泛应用于社会生活的各个领域与各级领导的决策之中。

Building on the thought of overall planning, the science of overall planning (tongchouxue) has gradually been proposed and studied. Contemporary China’s overall planning science was summarized and proposed by Professor Hua Luogeng [2]2 Hua Luogeng (1910–1985) was a renowned Chinese mathematician who made significant contributions to number theory and operations research, and is credited with developing the “overall planning method” (tongchoufa) for project management.. Hua fully integrated the scientific thought of overall planning with advanced network technology (a technology that takes the grasp of time and space as the core of planning and fully embodies the overall planning optimization technique for connections among relevant parties), calling it the “overall planning method” (tongchoufa). Later, Hua proposed the vision of “broad overall planning, rationalizing data, building systems, and planning development,” making it a discipline—overall planning science. Chen Dequan and others believe that overall planning science studies the relevant theories, models, methods, and means for implementing overall planning management in the entire process of achieving an overall goal [1]1 The theory of yin-yang and the five elements (yinyang wuxing) is a classical Chinese cosmological framework that explains natural and social phenomena through the interaction of two opposing forces (yin and yang) and five fundamental phases (wood, fire, earth, metal, water).. *An Introduction to Overall Planning Science* is the result of Professor Liu Tianlu’s more than twenty years of dedicated research on overall planning science, officially published in 1995, and is the first systematic work on the theory of overall planning science. The author argues that prioritizing utility, highlighting key points, and balancing all sides are the fundamental requirements of overall planning science. He summarizes and provides four criteria for overall planning: 1) the criterion of unity among subject, object, and environment; 2) the criterion of unity among population, time, and space; 3) the criterion of unity between compatibility and career orientation; 4) the criterion of unity among success, optimization, and virtuous cycles [2]2 Hua Luogeng (1910–1985) was a renowned Chinese mathematician who made significant contributions to number theory and operations research, and is credited with developing the “overall planning method” (tongchoufa) for project management.. Overall, as a comprehensive management thought, overall planning science considers and handles problems based on a “career-utility” system.

在统筹思想的基础上，统筹学逐渐被提出和研究。当代中国的统筹学是华罗庚教授总结提出的。华老把科学的统筹思想同先进的网络技术(一种以时间和空间的把握为筹划核心而充分体现有关各方联系的整体计划优化技术)充分地结合起来，称之为统筹法。后来华老又提出“大统筹，理数据，建系统，策发展”的设想，使之成为一门学科——统筹学。陈德泉等认为统筹学是研究如何实现整体目标的全过程中施行统筹管理的有关理论、模型、方法和手段[1]。《统筹学概论》是刘天禄教授用二十多年潜心研究统筹学的成果，于1995年正式出版，是第一部关于统筹学理论的系统性著作。作者认为，效用至上、突出重点、兼顾各方，是统筹学的根本要求。他总结给出了统筹的四个准则：1)主体、客体、环境相统一的准则；2)人群、时间、空间相统一的准则；3)相容性与事业取向相统一的准则；4)成功、优化、良性循环相统一的准则[2]。总的来看，统筹科学作为综合管理思想，以“事业—效用”的体系来考虑和处理问题。

Although overall planning science is not yet mature and faces a large amount of academic effort flowing into the torrent of theoretical methods established by foreign scholars, overall planning is, after all, an excellent tradition of the Chinese nation and an urgent contemporary need. Moreover, the banner of overall planning has been consistently held high by the Chinese Communists. Therefore, we should further study and research it, especially to understand its essential meaning, grasp its ideological essence, and be adept at applying it to specific work domains.

尽管统筹学还不成熟，而且面对大量学术力量投向由国外学者创立的理论方法洪流之中，但是统筹毕竟是中华民族的优秀传统和当代的迫切需要，而且统筹这面旗帜又是中国共产党人一直高举的，所以，我们应对其进一步学习和研究，尤其要理解其基本要义，掌握其思想精髓，并善于运用到具体工作领域之中。

II. An Inquiry into General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Strategic Thought on Overall Planning

二、习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想探究

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [3]3 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in November 2012, marking the beginning of Xi Jinping’s leadership as General Secretary., the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has comprehensively advanced the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and coordinated the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, promoting historic achievements and historic transformations in the cause of the Party and the state [4]4 The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy are key strategic frameworks of the Party under Xi Jinping. The former covers.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革[3]。

On January 23, 2015, during the 20th collective study session of the 18th Central Political Bureau, Xi Jinping emphasized that, facing a complex situation and heavy tasks, one must first have a global perspective, be fully aware of various contradictions, and at the same time prioritize resolving the principal contradiction and the principal aspect of the contradiction, thereby driving the resolution of other contradictions. We must focus on overall planning while also grasping the “ox’s nose” [5]5 The phrase “like protecting our eyes” is a common Chinese idiom used by Xi Jinping to stress the importance of ecological protection, drawing on the analogy of eyes as irreplaceable and vulnerable.. In any work, we must address both the “two-point theory” and the “key-point theory”; without distinguishing primary from secondary, without making distinctions, and trying to grasp everything at once—like grabbing eyebrows and a beard together—one cannot do the work well. The strategic thought on overall planning contained in this statement has important guiding significance for enhancing our capacity for reform and development.

2015年1月23日，习近平在十八届中央政治局第二十次集体学习时强调指出，面对复杂形势和繁重任务，首先要有全局观，对各种矛盾做到心中有数，同时又要优先解决主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，以此带动其他矛盾的解决。我们既要注重总体谋划，又要注重牵住“牛鼻子”。在任何工作中，我们既要讲两点论，又要讲重点论，没有主次，不加区别，眉毛胡子一把抓，是做不好工作的。这段讲话蕴含的关于统筹的战略思想对于我们提高改革发展能力具有重要指导意义。

The report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC mentioned the concept of “overall planning” 20 times, such as clarifying the “Five-Sphere Integrated Plan” as the overall plan for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, requiring the coordinated advancement of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction, and ecological civilization construction; coordinating the “Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy,” taking the comprehensive building of a moderately prosperous society, comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the country according to law, and comprehensively and strictly governing the Party as a whole, making them move in the same direction and promote each other. It also requires that in the concrete implementation of each “prong,” its internal links, elements, and parts should cooperate with, promote, and positively interact with each other, advancing as a whole and forming a combined force.

在党的十九大报告20次提及“统筹”的概念，如明确“五位一体”中国特色社会主义事业总体布局，要求统筹推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设；协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，把全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党整体考虑，使之同向而动、相互促进，并且要求每一个“全面”的具体实施，其内部各环节、要素、部分都应相互配合、相互促进、良性互动，整体推进、形成合力。

In the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, the term “coordination” also appears multiple times. Advancing Chinese-path modernization requires handling several major relationships. To do economic work well, it is necessary to grasp the “six coordinations,” namely: better coordinate epidemic prevention and control with economic and social development; better coordinate the effective improvement of economic quality with reasonable growth in quantity; better coordinate supply-side structural reform with expanding domestic demand; better coordinate economic policies with other policies; better coordinate domestic circulation with international circulation; and better coordinate the present with the long term. At the Central Economic Work Conference held from December 15 to 16, 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that doing a good job in next year’s economic work requires grasping the “six coordinations.”

党的二十大报告中，“统筹”一词也多次出现。推进中国式现代化需要处理好若干重大关系。做好经济工作要把握好“六个统筹”，即更好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展、更好统筹经济质的有效提升和量的合理增长、更好统筹供给侧结构性改革和扩大内需、更好统筹经济政策和其他政策、更好统筹国内循环和国际循环、更好统筹当前和长远。2022年12月15日至16日举行的中央经济工作会议上，习近平总书记强调做好明年经济工作要把握好“六个统筹”。

Below is a summary of the core connotations of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s strategic thought on coordination:

下面归纳总结一下习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想的核心内涵：

(1) Coordination first implies a sense of responsibility and commitment. In an exclusive interview with foreign media, Comrade Xi Jinping said

（一）统筹首先意味着一种责任担当。习近平同志在接受国外媒体专访时说：“我的执政理念，概括起来说就是：为人民服务，担当起该担当的责任。”

(2) Overall planning implies a top-level design. Governing the country inevitably involves confronting a myriad of intertwined and ever-changing contradictions and affairs. To maintain overall order and effectiveness, it is necessary to employ the strategic thought of overall planning.

（二）统筹意味着一种顶层设计。治国理政必然要面对千头万绪、千变万化的矛盾和事务，要想保持整体的有序和有效，必须用好统筹这一战略思想。

(3) Overall planning is a kind of wisdom grounded in the overall situation. One who fails to plan for the whole is inadequate to plan for a part. [5]5 The phrase “like protecting our eyes” is a common Chinese idiom used by Xi Jinping to stress the importance of ecological protection, drawing on the analogy of eyes as irreplaceable and vulnerable. Overall planning is always closely related to a holistic perspective; without a holistic perspective, overall planning is impossible. This is manifested in both having a broad vision that embraces the world and possessing a top-level design that reflects the requirements of the times and has Chinese characteristics.

（三）统筹是一种立足全局的智慧。不谋全局者，不足谋一域。统筹总是跟全局观紧密相关，没有全局观就不可能有统筹。表现在既要有胸怀天下的大视野，又要有体现时代要求和具有中国特色的顶层设计。

(4) Overall planning is a method of governing the country. Overall planning does not mean taking over and doing everything oneself, but rather grasping the direction and steps from the overall level and coordinating the overall operation. Making overall plans and taking all factors into consideration, achieving comprehensive balance, highlighting key points, and driving the overall situation are the methods. These are the methodological essentials of overall planning aimed at actual situations and problems.

（四）统筹是一种治国理政的方法。统筹不是包办代替，而是要从全局层面把握方向和步骤，协调整体运行。统筹兼顾、综合平衡，突出重点、带动全局是方法。这是针对实际情况和问题进行统筹的方法论要点。

(5) Overall planning aims to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. Realizing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people is the starting point and ultimate goal of overall planning. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee [6]6 The “six better coordinations” (六个更好统筹) refers to a set of principles for economic work emphasized by Xi Jinping at the December 2023 Central Economic Work Conference, covering areas such as coordinating the relationship between the government and the market, domestic and international demand, and economic growth and risk prevention. put forward the people-centered development thought, which embodies the inherent requirement of adhering to the principal position of the people and highlights the value orientation of putting the people first.

（五）统筹旨在实现最广大人民的根本利益。实现最广大人民的根本利益是统筹的出发点和落脚点。党的十八届五中全会提出坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，体现了坚持人民主体地位的内在要求，彰显了人民至上的价值取向。

3. The Practical Brilliance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Strategic Thought on Overall Planning

三、习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想的实践光辉

(1) General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Strategic Thought on Overall Planning and Urban Work

（一）习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想与城市工作

Overall planning of urban production, living, and ecological spaces. As an important carrier of modernization, cities possess the functions of production, living, and ecology simultaneously, forming a composite of “production-living-ecological” spaces. At the 2015 Central Urban Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly put forward the important thesis of “overall planning of the three major layouts of production, living, and ecology.” On the one hand, the layout of production, living, and ecology is an important factor affecting the quality of life of urban residents; on the other hand, improving the quality of life of urban residents is the fundamental purpose of overall planning of production, living, and ecology. It is worth mentioning that during his inspection in Shanghai in November 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed to “rationally arrange production, living, and ecological spaces, follow a path of high-quality development that is intensive, compact, and green, and strive to create a good environment suitable for work, living, leisure, and tourism, so that the people have a greater sense of gain and create a happier and better life for the people.” This important statement indicates that the starting point and ultimate goal of overall planning of urban production, living, and ecology is to meet the people’s needs for a better life and realize the people’s aspiration for a high quality of life.

统筹城市生产、生活、生态。城市作为现代化的重要载体，兼具生产、生活、生态功能，是“生产—生活生态”空间的复合体。在2015年中央城市工作会议上，习近平总书记明确提出了“统筹生产、生活、生态三大布局”的重要论断。一方面，生产、生活、生态布局是影响城市居民生活品质的重要因素；另一方面，改善城市居民生活品质是统筹生产、生活、生态的根本目的。值得一提的是，2019年11月习近平总书记在上海考察时提出要“合理安排生产、生活、生态空间，走内涵式、集约型、绿色化的高质量发展路子，努力创造宜业、宜居、宜乐、宜游的良好环境，让人民有更多获得感，为人民创造更加幸福的美好生活”。这段重要论述表明，统筹城市生产、生活、生态的出发点和落脚点，就是满足人民的美好生活需要、实现人民对高品质生活的向往。

Cities are the centers of China’s economic, political, cultural, and social activities. Regarding the driving force of urban development, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: “Overall plan the three major driving forces of reform, science and technology, and culture to enhance the sustainability of urban development.” In particular, the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasized that people’s cities are built by the people and for the people, and that the level of urban planning, construction, and governance should be improved, and the development mode of megacities and super-large cities should be accelerated. This is a major strategic deployment made by the Party Central Committee at a critical juncture in the initial stage of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and it serves as the fundamental guidance and action guide for promoting the development of megacities and super-large cities in the future.

城市是我国经济、政治、文化、社会等方面活动的中心。就城市发展动力，习近平总书记明确指出：“统筹改革、科技、文化三大动力，提高城市发展持续性。”特别是，党的二十大报告强调，坚持人民城市人民建、人民城市为人民，提高城市规划、建设、治理水平，加快转变超大特大城市发展方式。这是党中央在全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的关键时期作出的重大战略部署，是今后一个时期推进超大特大城市发展的根本遵循和行动指南。

(2) General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Strategic Thought on Overall Planning and the Overall Planning of Urban-Rural Coordinated Development

（二）习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想与统筹城乡协调发展

Comrade Xi Jinping has long been concerned with the issue of overall planning of urban-rural coordinated development. In his work practice, he has conducted long-term and in-depth thinking on issues concerning agriculture, rural areas, and farmers (the “three rural issues”), the construction of a new socialist countryside, and urban-rural integration, putting forward a series of new viewpoints, new requirements, and new measures. Comrade Xi Jinping’s important exposition on overall planning of urban-rural coordinated development was considered and proposed in response to the fact that the imbalance between rural and urban development has become a major contradiction in Chinese society. This is because, from China’s national conditions, the greatest development imbalance is the imbalance between urban and rural development, manifested in the large gap between rural and urban development. If development thinking and development paths are not adjusted as soon as possible, this gap may widen further, ultimately leading to a serious imbalance in the economy and society. Comrade Xi Jinping firmly grasped the principal aspect of this principal contradiction, proceeding from the social and economic laws that relations of production must adapt to the development of productive forces, and proposed that rural and urban areas must develop in a mutually reinforcing manner, with the focus on solving problems related to their spatial layout, population layout, and industrial layout. The report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC [7] proposed implementing the “Rural Revitalization Strategy,” which is precisely a path to achieve the mutually reinforcing development of rural and urban areas. Comrade Xi Jinping’s important exposition on overall planning of urban-rural coordinated development is an application of the Marxist view of space and also an application of the spatiotemporal view of the science of overall planning. From a temporal dimension, Comrade Xi Jinping’s important exposition on overall planning of urban-rural coordinated development is an inheritance and development of the path of urban-rural development since the founding of New China; from a spatial dimension, it holds that rural and urban areas are equally important in the construction of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and the socialist modernization drive.

习近平同志长期关注统筹城乡协调发展问题，在工作实践中对三农问题、新农村建设和城乡一体化进行了长期深入的思考，提出了一系列新观点、新要求和新举措。习近平总书记关于统筹城乡协调发展的重要论述是对着农村和城市发展的不平衡正成为中国社会的一对重要矛盾来考虑和提出的。因为从中国的国情来看，最大的发展不平衡是城乡发展不平衡，是农村和城市发展的差距较大。如不尽快调整发展思路和发展路径，这种差距可能进一步拉大，最终导致经济社会的严重失衡。习近平同志紧紧地抓住这个主要矛盾的主要方面，从生产关系一定要适应生产力发展的社会规律、经济规律出发，提出农村和城市必须相辅相成发展，其中重点是解决两者的空间布局、人口布局、产业布局等问题。党的十九大报告提出实施“乡村振兴战略”，正是实现农村城市相辅相成发展的一条路径。习近平总书记关于统筹城乡协调发展的重要论述是对马克思主义空间观的运用，也是对统筹学时空观的运用。从时间维度看，习近平总书记关于统筹城乡协调发展的重要论述是对新中国成立以来城乡发展道路的继承与发展；从空间维度看，认为农村和城市在全面建成小康社会和社会主义现代化建设的地位同等重要。

Later, from the perspective of an overall systematic view, Comrade Xi Jinping believed that to solve the urban-rural dual structure, it is necessary to promote the integration of urban and rural development, to “develop agriculture by stepping outside agriculture, and develop rural areas by stepping outside rural areas,” and to place the construction of rural and urban areas within the overall construction for holistic consideration [4]4 The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy are key strategic frameworks of the Party under Xi Jinping. The former covers. This shows that Comrade Xi Jinping is not only adept at overall planning but also at

后来，在整体系统观上，习近平同志认为解决城乡二元结构必须推进城乡发展一体化，要“跳出农业发展农业、跳出农村发展农村”，将农村和城市建设置于各个建设之中进行整体考虑[4]。这说明习近平同志不仅善于统筹，而且善于运用整体思维观和系统方法论去分析和解决问题。习近平指出，推进城乡发展一体化要把工业和农业、城市和乡村作为一个整体统筹谋划，促进城乡在规划布局、要素配置、产业发展、公共服务、生态保护等方面相互融合和共同发展。着力点是通过建立城乡融合的体制机制，形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农城乡关系，目标是逐步实现城乡居民基本权益平等化、城乡公共服务均等化、城乡居民收入均衡化、城乡要素配置合理化，以及城乡产业发展融合化。

(3) Xi Jinping’s Strategic Thought on Overall Planning and the Building of an Ecological Civilization

（三）习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想与生态文明建设

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to the building of an ecological civilization. To be specific, since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has made the building of an ecological civilization an important component of the coordinated advancement of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, incorporated the principle of harmony between humanity and nature into the basic strategy for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, and strengthened ecological and environmental protection in all respects, across all regions, and throughout the entire process, with a resolve, intensity, and effectiveness unprecedented in scale, thereby giving shape to Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization. Only by adhering to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, planning development from the perspective of harmony between humanity and nature, protecting nature and the ecological environment as we protect our own eyes, and unswervingly following a civilized development path of production growth, affluent living, and sound ecology, can we achieve the sustainable development of the Chinese nation[5]5 The phrase “like protecting our eyes” is a common Chinese idiom used by Xi Jinping to stress the importance of ecological protection, drawing on the analogy of eyes as irreplaceable and vulnerable.. From July 17 to 18, 2023, the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection was held in Beijing. General Secretary Xi Jinping attended the conference and delivered an important speech, emphasizing the comprehensive advancement of building a beautiful China and accelerating the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视生态文明建设。具体地讲，党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把生态文明建设作为统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局和协调推进“四个全面”战略布局的重要内容，把坚持人与自然和谐共生纳入新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义基本方略，全方位、全地域、全过程加强生态环境保护，决心之大、力度之大、成效之大前所未有，形成了习近平生态文明思想。只有坚持以习近平生态文明思想为指导，站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划发展，像保护眼睛一样保护自然和生态环境，坚定不移走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，才能实现中华民族永续发展[5]。2023年7月17日至18日，全国生态环境保护大会在北京召开。习近平总书记出席会议并发表重要讲话，强调全面推进美丽中国建设，加快推进人与自然和谐共生的现代化。

Ecological progress adheres to a “people-centered” approach, taking the realization of the fundamental interests of the people as the purpose of overall planning. From the perspective of the subject of overall planning, ecological progress must always uphold the principal position of the people. From the perspective of the goal of overall planning, ecological progress is precisely about realizing, safeguarding, and developing the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of the people. In other words, from the perspective of the evaluation criteria for overall planning, the interests of the people are a very important evaluation criterion. The concrete manifestations of the application of the strategic thought on overall planning are as follows: 1) Based on the overall situation, strengthen the top-level design and overall planning of ecological progress. Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Progress can be said to be the concrete practice of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s strategic thought on overall planning in ecological progress. It insists on considering issues from the strategic overall situation, scientifically controls the dialectical relationship between the economy, nature, and society, strengthens top-level design and overall planning, and aims to achieve economic, social, and ecological benefits. 2) Adhere to a problem-oriented approach, emphasizing coordination and cooperation in ecological progress. As an important leadership method, the strategic thought on overall planning does not advocate dividing forces equally and attacking on all fronts when dealing with various contradictions. In environmental governance, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must adhere to the principle of combining treating both symptoms and root causes with special rectification, coordinating routine governance with emergency emission reduction, and promoting mutual reinforcement between local pollution control and regional collaboration, adopting multiple measures simultaneously, coordinating multiple regions, and mobilizing the whole society to act together.”

生态文明建设坚持“以人民为中心”，以实现人民群众根本利益为统筹宗旨。从统筹的主体来看，生态文明建设要始终坚持人民的主体地位。从统筹的目的来看，生态文明建设就是要实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民群众的根本利益。换个说法，从统筹的评价标准来看，人民群众的利益是非常重要的评价标准。统筹战略思想的运用具体表现如下：1）立足全局，加强生态文明建设的顶层设计和整体谋划。习近平生态文明思想，可以说是习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想在生态文明建设的具体实践。它坚持从战略全局出发考虑问题，科学把控经济、自然、社会的辩证关系，加强顶层设计和整体谋划，以实现经济、社会、生态效益为目标。2）坚持以问题为导向，强调生态文明建设的协调配合。统筹战略思想作为一种重要的领导方法，并不主张在处理各种矛盾时平分兵力，四面出击。在环境治理上，习近平总书记指出：“要坚持标本兼治和专项整治并重、常态治理和应急减排协调、本地治污和区域协作相互促进原则，多策并举，多地联动，全社会共同行动”。

(IV) General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Strategic Thought on Overall Planning and the Overall Planning of Development and Security

（四）习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想与统筹发展与安全

Security is the prerequisite for development, and development is the guarantee of security. Overall planning of the two major tasks of development and security is an important component of Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought and a concrete manifestation of General

安全是发展的前提，发展是安全的保障。统筹好发展和安全两件大事，是习近平经济思想重要组成部分，也是习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想在经济工作中的具体体现。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央着眼党和国家事业发展全局，坚持以人民为中心的发展理念，把发展和安全问题摆到了前所未有的高度。具体地说，以习近平同志为核心的党中央立足于新发展阶段国际国内新形势新情况，深刻阐述了发展与安全的辩证关系，强调要综合看、系统看、长远看，并且将“统筹”作为处理二者间关系的科学方法论。党的十九届五中全会首次把统筹发展和安全纳入“十四五”时期我国经济社会发展的指导思想。党的二十大报告则用专章部署国家安全体系和能力建设，强调统筹好发展和安全两件大事，把维护国家安全贯穿国家发展各领域和全过程，实现高质量发展与高水平安全良性互动。

Taking “coordinating development and security” as a basic principle of the Party’s governance of the state, carrying out strategic planning, and devising strategies within the command tent. To coordinate development and security, on the one hand, one must adhere to systematic thinking, scientifically grasp the essence of “coordination,” and effectively carry out forward-looking thinking, holistic planning, strategic layout, and integrated advancement. On the other hand, one must be adept at grasping the essence, seizing the key, identifying the focal points, grasping unity within opposition and opposition within unity, and fully understanding the contradictory unity of development and security. Especially in practice, one must grasp the appropriate “measure” of development and security, striving to achieve a dynamic balance between development and security. The history of human practice proves that discussing security while leaving aside development, or discussing development while leaving aside security, is unsustainable. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate considerations, adhere to equal emphasis on development and security, realize a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, and achieve a dynamic balance between development and security. In short, coordinating development and security requires us to constantly observe the general trend and constantly contemplate the overall situation.

将“统筹发展与安全”作为党治国理政的基本原则，进行战略谋划，运筹于帷幄之中。统筹发展和安全，一方面，要坚持系统思维，科学把握“统筹”的要义，有效地进行前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、战略性布局和整体性推进。另一方面，要善于把握本质、抓住关键、找准重点，在对立中把握统一、在统一中把握对立，充分理解发展和安全这一对矛盾统一体。尤其是在实践中，要把握发展与安全合适的“度”，努力实现发展和安全的动态平衡。人类历史实践证明，离开发展谈安全，或离开安全谈发展，都不可持续。所以，要统筹考虑，坚持发展和安全并重，实现高质量发展和高水平安全的良性互动，达到发展和安全的动态平衡。总之，统筹发展和安全，要求我们常观大势、常思大局。

IV. Conclusion

四、结语

To summarize, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s strategic thought on coordination means being adept at standing at a strategic and overall height to grasp the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhering to observing today’s world and contemporary China comprehensively, systematically, developmentally, and in a connected manner, rather than one-sidedly, fragmentarily, statically, or in isolation, and properly handling various major relationships. In 2023, at the Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the “six better coordinations”;[6]6 The “six better coordinations” (六个更好统筹) refers to a set of principles for economic work emphasized by Xi Jinping at the December 2023 Central Economic Work Conference, covering areas such as coordinating the relationship between the government and the market, domestic and international demand, and economic growth and risk prevention. at the opening ceremony of the seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, he emphasized that advancing Chinese-path modernization requires overall consideration, systematic planning, and holistic advancement, correctly handling a series of major relationships. This provides a fundamental guideline and scientific direction for our country to effectively respond to the severe and complex risks and challenges in the current and future periods, promote the overall improvement of economic operations, and ensure a good start and solid steps in comprehensively building a modern socialist country. In the future, we must deeply study, thoroughly research, and make good and flexible use of this scientific thought.

概括地说，习近平总书记关于统筹的战略思想，就是善于站在战略和全局高度把握中国特色社会主义伟大事业，坚持全面、系统、发展、联系而不是片面、零散、静止、孤立地观察当今世界和当代中国，妥善处理好各种重大关系。2023年，习近平总书记在中央经济工作会议上强调“六个更好统筹”，在学习贯彻党的二十大精神研讨班开班式上强调，推进中国式现代化需要统筹兼顾、系统谋划、整体推进，正确处理好一系列重大关系。这为我国有效应对当前和今后一个时期严峻复杂风险挑战、推动经济运行整体好转、推进全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局起好步提供了根本遵循和科学指引。今后，我们要深入学习、透彻研究和用好用活这一科学思想。

[This article is a phased result of the 2023 Hohai University Central University Basic Scientific Research Business Fee Project (Humanities Special Project) (Project Number: B230207031).]

【本文是2023年度河海大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(人文专项)(项目编号：B230207031)阶段性成果。】

(The author is Director and Professor of the Systems Engineering and Management Innovation Research Center at Hohai University, Chief Expert of the Think Tank for High-Quality Development of Cities and Regions, and Chair of the Decision Science Professional Committee of the Systems Engineering Society of China.)

（作者系河海大学系统工程与管理创新研究中心主任、教授，城市与区域高质量发展智库首席专家，中国系统工程学会决策科学专业委员会主任委员。）

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[1]1 The theory of yin-yang and the five elements (yinyang wuxing) is a classical Chinese cosmological framework that explains natural and social phenomena through the interaction of two opposing forces (yin and yang) and five fundamental phases (wood, fire, earth, metal, water). Chen Dequan, Ji Lei, Xu Weixuan: “Coordination Science,” *Optimization and Management Science*, Issue 2, 1987.

[1]陈德泉、计雷、徐伟宣：《统筹学》，《优选与管理科学》1987年第2期。

[2]2 Hua Luogeng (1910–1985) was a renowned Chinese mathematician who made significant contributions to number theory and operations research, and is credited with developing the “overall planning method” (tongchoufa) for project management. Liu Tianlu: *Introduction to Coordination Science*, China Commerce and Trade Press, 1995 edition.

[2]刘天禄：《统筹学概论》，中国商业出版社1995年版。

[3]3 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in November 2012, marking the beginning of Xi Jinping’s leadership as General Secretary. *Outline for the Study of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era (2023 Edition)*, Xuexi Press and People’s Press, 2023 edition.

[3]《习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想学习纲要（2023年版）》，学习出版社、人民出版社2023年版。

[4]4 The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy are key strategic frameworks of the Party under Xi Jinping. The former covers Lin Xiang: “An Analysis of Xi Jinping’s New Thought on Coordinating Urban and Rural Development,” *Zhuhai Tide*, Issue 2, 2018.

[4]林湘：《习近平统筹城乡协调发展新思想探析》，《珠海潮》2018年第2期。

[5]5 The phrase “like protecting our eyes” is a common Chinese idiom used by Xi Jinping to stress the importance of ecological protection, drawing on the analogy of eyes as irreplaceable and vulnerable. He Jingling, Yang Xiaojun: “Overall Consideration: Interpreting the Methodological Dimension of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Ecological Civilization,” *Jingchu Academic Journal*, Issue 5, 2019.

[5]何京玲、杨小军：《统筹兼顾：解读习近平生态文明思想的方法论维度》，《荆楚学刊》2019年第5期。

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