An Analysis of Xi Jinping’s New Ideas, New Viewpoints, and New Judgments on Comprehensively Deepening Reform

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in Beijing in July 2024. In the Chinese political system, plenary sessions of the Central Committee are numbered sequentially; the Third Plenary Session has historically focused on economic reform and development. scientifically planned the overall deployment for further comprehensively deepening reform around Chinese-path modernization. The *Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization* (hereinafter referred to as the *Decision*) adopted at the plenary session is a programmatic document guiding further comprehensively deepening reform on the new journey. In elaborating the guiding ideology for further comprehensively deepening reform, the *Decision* emphasizes the need to “fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping’s series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments on comprehensively deepening reform.” Xi Jinping’s series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments on comprehensively deepening reform provide scientific theoretical guidance and an action guide for us to further comprehensively deepen reform on the new journey and open up broad prospects for Chinese-path modernization.

党的二十届三中全会科学谋划了围绕中国式现代化进一步全面深化改革的总体部署，全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革 推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》），是指导新征程上进一步全面深化改革的纲领性文件。《决定》在阐述进一步全面深化改革的指导思想时，强调必须“全面贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的一系列新思想、新观点、新论断”。习近平关于全面深化改革的一系列新思想、新观点、新论断，为我们在新征程上进一步全面深化改革、开辟中国式现代化广阔前景提供了科学的理论指导和行动指南。

I. Comprehensively Deepening Reform Must Uphold the Party’s Overall Leadership

一、全面深化改革必须坚持党的全面领导

Handling China’s affairs well hinges on the Party. Upholding and improving the Party’s leadership is the foundation and lifeline of the Party and the country, and the interests and well-being of people of all ethnic groups across the nation. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC took “upholding the Party’s overall leadership” as the first principle that must be followed in further comprehensively deepening reform, which fully reflects the strong determination and firm will of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core to “ensure that reform always advances in the correct political direction.”

办好中国的事情，关键在党。坚持和完善党的领导，是党和国家的根本所在、命脉所在，是全国各族人民的利益所在、幸福所在。党的二十届三中全会把“坚持党的全面领导”作为进一步全面深化改革必须遵循的首条原则，这充分体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央“确保改革始终沿着正确政治方向前进”的坚强决心和坚定意志。

Emphasizing that further comprehensively deepening reform must uphold the Party’s overall leadership has as its core requirement that, on the premise of firmly safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, we fully “bring into play the Party’s core leadership role in exercising overall leadership and coordinating all parties, integrate Party leadership into every aspect and the entire process of reform, and ensure that reform always advances in the correct political direction.” Three layers of meaning are highlighted here: first, in the process of further comprehensively deepening reform, the “Party’s core leadership role in exercising overall leadership and coordinating all parties” must always be brought into play; second, Party leadership must be integrated into all aspects, all fields, and the entire process of further comprehensively deepening reform; third, the purpose of emphasizing that further comprehensively deepening reform must uphold the Party’s overall leadership is to ensure that reform always advances in the correct political direction, and resolutely prevent the reform process from deviating from the correct direction or making subversive mistakes.

强调进一步全面深化改革必须坚持党的全面领导，其核心要求就是在坚定维护党中央权威和集中统一领导的前提下，充分“发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，把党的领导贯穿改革各方面全过程，确保改革始终沿着正确政治方向前进”。这里重点强调了三层意思：一是在进一步全面深化改革过程中必须始终发挥好“党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用”；二是必须把党的领导贯穿进一步全面深化改革的各方面、各领域和全过程；三是强调进一步全面深化改革必须坚持党的全面领导的目的就是确保改革始终沿着正确的政治方向前进，坚决防止改革过程走偏方向或出现颠覆性错误。

Why must further comprehensively deepening reform uphold the Party’s overall leadership? First, upholding Party leadership is the fundamental guarantee for ensuring the success of further comprehensively deepening reform. In his speech at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, Xi Jinping clearly pointed out: “Party leadership is the fundamental guarantee for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization.” Why is this said? Because, in essence, “Chinese-path modernization is socialist modernization led by the Communist Party of China.” “The most essential characteristic of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the greatest strength of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China.” Comprehensively deepening reform is the fundamental method and path for promoting the self-improvement and development of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and it should naturally be carried out under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. “The heavier the tasks of reform and opening up, the more we must strengthen and improve Party leadership, and the more we must ensure that the Party always remains the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” Why must the Party’s leading position in Chinese-path modernization be emphasized? Because “the Communist Party of China is the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, occupying the position of exercising overall leadership and coordinating all parties. In today’s China, there is no political force or other force greater than the Communist Party of China. The Party exercises leadership over everything—Party, government, military, civilian, and academic, east, west, south, north, and center—and is the highest political leadership force.” Whether or not Party leadership is upheld directly concerns the fundamental direction and future destiny of Chinese-path modernization. Second, upholding Party leadership in comprehensively deepening reform is also a valuable experience gained from the success of more than 40 years of reform and opening up. When summing up the valuable experience accumulated over 40 years of China’s reform and opening up, Xi Jinping emphasized: “It is precisely because we have always adhered to the centralized, unified leadership of the Party that we have been able to realize the great historical turning point, open up the new period of reform and opening up and the new journey of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, successfully respond to a series of major risks and challenges, overcome countless difficulties and obstacles, effectively respond to changes in the situation, quell disturbances, fight floods, prevent SARS, resist earthquakes, and resolve crises, and neither take the old path of closed-door rigidity nor the evil path of changing the banner, but unswervingly take the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” From this perspective, further comprehensively deepening reform must uphold Party leadership. This is not only determined by the essential nature and requirements of comprehensively deepening reform but is also a valuable experience proven by more than 40 years of reform and opening up practice. On the new journey, further comprehensively deepening reform must continue to unwaveringly uphold the Party’s overall leadership, ensuring that reform always advances in the correct political direction.

进一步全面深化改革为什么必须坚持党的全面领导呢？首先，坚持党的领导是确保进一步全面深化改革取得成功的根本保证。习近平在党的二十届三中全会上的讲话中明确指出：“党的领导是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的根本保证。”为什么这样说呢？因为从本质上来看，“中国式现代化，是中国共产党领导的社会主义现代化”。“中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导”。全面深化改革是推进中国特色社会主义制度自我完善和发展的根本方式和路径，它理所当然要在中国共产党的领导下进行。“改革开放任务越繁重，越要加强和改善党的领导，越要确保党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。”为什么必须强调党在中国式现代化建设中的领导地位？因为“中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，处在总揽全局、协调各方的地位。在当今中国，没有大于中国共产党的政治力量或其他什么力量。党政军民学，东西南北中，党是领导一切的，是最高的政治领导力量”。坚持不坚持党的领导，直接关系着中国式现代化的根本方向和前途命运。其次，全面深化改革必须坚持党的领导也是40多年改革开放取得成功的一条宝贵经验。习近平在总结我国改革开放40年积累的宝贵经验时强调指出：“正是因为始终坚持党的集中统一领导，我们才能实现伟大历史转折、开启改革开放新时期和中华民族伟大复兴新征程，才能成功应对一系列重大风险挑战、克服无数艰难险阻，才能有力应变局、平风波、战洪水、防非典、抗地震、化危机，才能既不走封闭僵化的老路也不走改旗易帜的邪路，而是坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路。”由此看来，进一步全面深化改革必须坚持党的领导，这不仅是由全面深化改革的本质属性和要求决定的，而且也是被40多年改革开放实践所证明了的一条宝贵经验。在新征程上进一步全面深化改革必须继续毫不动摇坚持党的全面领导，确保改革始终沿着正确政治方向前进。

II. Comprehensively Deepening Reform Must Unswervingly Take the Path of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

二、全面深化改革必须坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路

Direction determines the future; the path determines destiny. Reform and opening up have explored a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics for us. Further comprehensively deepening reform must “unswervingly take the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics,” “through comprehensively deepening reform, continuously expand the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, continuously enrich the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and continuously improve the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” The *Decision* adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC emphasizes that the overall goal of further comprehensively deepening reform is to “continue to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.” This clearly indicates that further comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era and on the new journey is to continue improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, not to change or abandon the socialist system.

方向决定前途，道路决定命运。改革开放为我们探索出了一条中国特色社会主义道路。进一步全面深化改革必须“坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路”，“通过全面深化改革，不断拓展中国特色社会主义道路，不断丰富中国特色社会主义理论体系，不断完善中国特色社会主义制度”。党的二十届三中全会通过的《决定》强调，进一步全面深化改革的总目标是“继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”，这就清楚地表明，新时代新征程进一步全面深化改革就是继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，而不是对社会主义制度改弦易张。

Why must further comprehensively deepening reform unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and continue to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics? First, this is determined by the fundamental direction and the principles of stance of comprehensively deepening reform. Xi Jinping pointed out, “Our reform and opening up has a direction, a stance, and principles,” and “Our reform is a reform that advances unswervingly along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics; we will neither take the old closed and rigid road, nor the evil road of changing the banner and the system.” [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in Beijing in July 2024. In the Chinese political system, plenary sessions of the Central Committee are numbered sequentially; the Third Plenary Session has historically focused on economic reform and development. What kind of path a country takes depends crucially on whether that path can solve the historic tasks facing that country. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the organic unity of the theoretical logic of scientific socialism and the historical logic of China’s social development. It not only adheres to the basic principles of scientific socialism but also endows them with distinct Chinese characteristics according to the conditions of the times. It is the only way to build a great modern socialist country and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Second, this is also a valuable experience repeatedly proven by the practice of China’s reform and opening up. In his speech at the ceremony marking the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, Xi Jinping pointed out, “Over the 40 years of reform and opening up, the theme of all the Party’s theories and practices has been to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.” “The practice of 40 years has fully proven that the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, which our Party has united and led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to open up since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, are completely correct, and the Party’s basic theory, basic line, and basic strategy that have been formed are completely correct.” “The path of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the broad avenue for contemporary China to catch up with the times in big strides and lead the development of the times; it must be unswervingly followed.” Finally, from the perspective of future development, further comprehensively deepening reform must firmly grasp the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform and continue to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee formally established “continuing to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity” as the overall goal of further comprehensively deepening reform. In his speech at the second plenary session of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee, Xi Jinping pointed out: “Upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity are major issues concerning the prosperity and success of the Party and the state’s undertakings, the long-term stability and security of the country, and the happiness and well-being of the people.” The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the national governance system have many notable advantages. “Long-term maintenance and continuous enhancement of these advantages are the direction of our efforts in the New Era to uphold and improve the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.” To this end, “In planning comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era, we must take upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity as the main axis.” “What to reform and how to reform must take as the fundamental yardstick whether it conforms to the overall goal of perfecting and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. What should be reformed and can be reformed, we resolutely reform; what should not be reformed and cannot be reformed, we resolutely do not reform.” Xi

为什么进一步全面深化改革必须坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路、继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度呢？首先，这是由全面深化改革的根本方向和立场原则决定的。习近平指出，“我们的改革开放是有方向、有立场、有原则的”，“我们的改革是在中国特色社会主义道路上不断前进的改革，既不走封闭僵化的老路，也不走改旗易帜的邪路”。一个国家走什么样的道路，关键要看这条道路能否解决这个国家面临的历史性课题。中国特色社会主义是科学社会主义理论逻辑和中国社会发展历史逻辑的有机统一，既坚持了科学社会主义基本原则，又根据时代条件赋予其鲜明的中国特色，是建设社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的必由之路。其次，这也是我国改革开放实践所反复证明了的一条宝贵经验。习近平在庆祝改革开放40周年大会上的讲话中指出，“改革开放40年来，我们党全部理论和实践的主题是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义”，“40年的实践充分证明，党的十一届三中全会以来我们党团结带领全国各族人民开辟的中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化是完全正确的，形成的党的基本理论、基本路线、基本方略是完全正确的”，“中国特色社会主义道路是当代中国大踏步赶上时代、引领时代发展的康庄大道，必须毫不动摇走下去。”最后，从未来发展看，进一步全面深化改革必须把牢全面深化改革的总目标，继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度。党的十八届三中全会正式把“继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”确定为进一步全面深化改革的总目标。习近平在党的十九届四中全会第二次全体会议上的讲话中指出：“坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，是关系党和国家事业兴旺发达、国家长治久安、人民幸福安康的重大问题。”)中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系具有多方面的显著优势，“长期保持并不断增强这些优势，是我们在新时代坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的努力方向”。为此，“新时代谋划全面深化改革，必须以坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化为主轴”，“改什么、怎么改必须以是否符合完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的总目标为根本尺度，该改的、能改的我们坚决改，不该改的、不能改的坚决不改。”习近平关于全面深化改革必须把牢完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化总目标的一系列重要论述，为新时代进一步全面深化改革指明了前进方向。

III. Comprehensively Deepening Reform Must Adhere to a People-Centered Approach

三、全面深化改革必须坚持以人民为中心

The *Decision* reviewed and adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [n] takes “adhering to a people-centered approach” as another principle that must be upheld in further comprehensively deepening reform, emphasizing that further comprehensively deepening reform must “adhere to a people-centered approach, respect the principal position and pioneering spirit of the people, respond to the people’s calls with reform measures, and ensure that reform is for the people, relies on the people, and that its fruits are shared by the people.” Consistently adhering to the people-centered value orientation in comprehensively deepening reform is a core content and fundamental requirement within Xi Jinping’s new ideas, new perspectives, and new judgments on comprehensively deepening reform.

党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《决定》把“坚持以人民为中心”作为进一步全面深化改革必须坚持的又一条原则，强调进一步全面深化改革必须“坚持以人民为中心，尊重人民主体地位和首创精神，人民有所呼、改革有所应，做到改革为了人民、改革依靠人民、改革成果由人民共享”。在全面深化改革中始终坚持以人民为中心的价值导向，是习近平关于全面深化改革新思想新观点新论断中的一个核心内容和根本要求。

Why must further comprehensively deepening reform adhere to a people-centered approach? First, this is determined by the fundamental nature of the Party and its original aspiration and founding mission. The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, and the leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation is the original aspiration and founding mission of Chinese Communists. That being the case, comprehensively deepening reform must consistently adhere to a people-centered value orientation. Xi Jinping emphasizes, “Reform is meaningful only when it is for the people; reform has momentum only when it relies on the people.” “The people’s aspiration for a better life is our goal; grasping reform and promoting development, in the final analysis, is to enable the people to live better lives.” Second, this is determined by the purpose and requirements of comprehensively deepening reform itself. Xi Jinping points out: “The fundamental purpose of our promotion of reform is to make the country stronger and more prosperous, to make society more fair and just, and to make the people’s lives better.” Reform, “if it cannot bring tangible benefits to the people, if it cannot create a fairer social environment, or even leads to more unfairness, then reform loses its meaning and cannot be sustained.” The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC emphasized taking “promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing the well-being of the people” as the starting point and ultimate goal of further comprehensively deepening reform, which fully reflects the people-oriented character of further comprehensively deepening reform. On the new journey, to further comprehensively deepen reform, we must consistently adhere to the people-centered value orientation, insist on placing the people highest in our hearts, take the people’s aspiration for a better life as the Party’s goal, and unite and lead the people in jointly creating a better future.

进一步全面深化改革为什么必须坚持以人民为中心呢？首先，这是由党的根本性质和初心使命决定的。中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心。为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴，是中国共产党人的初心和使命。既然如此，全面深化改革就必须始终坚持以人民为中心的价值导向。习近平强调，“为了人民而改革，改革才有意义；依靠人民而改革，改革才有动力”。“人民对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标，抓改革、促发展，归根到底就是为了让人民过上更好的日子。”其次，这是由全面深化改革自身的目的要求决定的。习近平指出：“我们推进改革的根本目的，是要让国家变得更加富强、让社会变得更加公平正义、让人民生活得更加美好。”改革“如果不能给老百姓带来实实在在的利益，如果不能创造更加公平的社会环境，甚至导致更多不公平，改革就失去意义，也不可能持续”。党的二十届三中全会强调把“促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉”作为进一步全面深化改革的出发点和落脚点，这充分体现了进一步全面深化改革的人民性特征。新征程上进一步全面深化改革，必须始终坚持以人民为中心的价值取向，坚持把人民放在心中最高位置，把人民对美好生活的向往作为党的奋斗目标，团结带领人民共同创造美好未来。

IV. Comprehensively Deepening Reform Must Be Bold in Pioneering and Innovation

四、全面深化改革必须勇于开拓创新

Comprehensively deepening reform is an unprecedented historical undertaking; every step forward requires carrying forward the spirit of pioneering, forging ahead, and daring to innovate, continuously promoting innovation in theory, practice, institutions, and other aspects. Only by continuously pioneering and innovating can we “keep pace with the times, conform to the development of practice, treat all new things with full enthusiasm, constantly expand the breadth and depth of understanding, dare to speak new words that predecessors have not spoken, dare to do things that predecessors have not done, and guide new practice with new theory.” Being bold in pioneering and innovation is an important characteristic of comprehensively deepening reform and also the internal driving force ensuring that reform achieves significant results.

全面深化改革是一项前无古人的历史伟业，每前进一步都需要发扬开拓进取、勇于创新精神，不断推进理论、实践、制度等多方面的创新。只有不断开拓创新，才能“紧跟时代步伐，顺应实践发展，以满腔热忱对待一切新生事物，不断拓展认识的广度和深度，敢于说前人没有说过的新话，敢于干前人没有干过的事情，以新的理论指导新的实践”。勇于开拓创新是全面深化改革的重要特征，也是确保改革取得重大成效的内在动因。

Why must further comprehensively deepening reform adhere to pioneering and innovation? First, innovation is an important driving force for advancing comprehensively deepening reform. When summarizing the valuable experience of China’s reform and opening up, Xi Jinping explicitly put forward the important judgment that “innovation is the life of reform and opening up.” He emphasized: “Development is the top priority, innovation is the primary driving force, and it is the strategic support for building a modernized economic system.” “Grasping innovation means grasping development; planning innovation means planning the future.” The reason we emphasize the significant role of innovation in comprehensively deepening reform is mainly because only through innovation can we truly resolve deep-seated contradictions and problems of various kinds and fundamentally promote economic and social development. As Xi Jinping said, “Looking at the history of human development, innovation has always been an important force for the development of a country and a nation.” “Innovation is the soul of a nation’s progress, an inexhaustible driving force for a country’s prosperity and strength, and also the deepest national endowment of the Chinese nation.” Second, this is an inevitable choice against the backdrop of fierce international competition. Xi Jinping points out: “In fierce international competition, only innovators advance, only innovators are strong, only innovators win.” In such an era, whoever rejects reform, whoever refuses innovation, will fall behind the times and fall into strategic passivity; whoever “grasps innovation, grasps the ‘ox nose’ [n] that affects the overall economic and social development.” On the new journey, to further comprehensively deepen reform, we must continue to adhere to pioneering and innovation in light of actual conditions. Only in this way can we effectively prevent missing development opportunities and prevent falling behind the times.

进一步全面深化改革为什么必须坚持开拓创新呢？首先，创新是推进全面深化改革的重要动力。习近平在总结我国改革开放的宝贵经验时明确提出“创新是改革开放的生命”的重要论断，他强调指出：“发展是第一要务，创新是第一动力，是建设现代化经济体系的战略支撑”，“坚持抓创新就是抓发展、谋创新就是谋未来。”我们之所以强调创新在全面深化改革中的重大作用，主要就是因为只有通过创新才能真正解决深层次的各类矛盾和问题，从根本上推动经济社会发展。正如习近平所说，“纵观人类发展历史，创新始终是一个国家、一个民族发展的重要力量”。“创新是一个民族进步的灵魂，是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力，也是中华民族最深沉的民族禀赋。”其次，这是在激烈的国际竞争背景下的必然选择。习近平指出：“在激烈的国际竞争中，惟创新者进，惟创新者强，惟创新者胜。”在这样的时代背景下，谁排斥改革、谁拒绝创新，谁就会落后于时代，陷入战略被动，谁“抓住了创新，就抓住了牵动经济社会发展全局的‘牛鼻子’”。新征程上进一步全面深化改革，必须继续坚持结合实际开拓创新，惟有如此才能有效防止错失发展机遇，防止落后于时代。

V. Comprehensively Deepening Reform Must Adhere to a Problem-Oriented Approach

五、全面深化改革必须坚持问题导向

Adhering to a problem-oriented approach is an important component of the worldview, methodology, and the positions, viewpoints, and methods that run through Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It is also a principle that must be followed in further comprehensively deepening reform, as established in the “Decision” of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China [n4]. Adhering to a problem-oriented approach is a basic requirement of Marxist methodology, and it is also an important ideological method and working method that we must uphold in further comprehensively deepening reform and opening up broad prospects for Chinese-path modernization.

坚持问题导向是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观、方法论及贯穿其中的立场观点方法的重要内容，也是党的二十届三中全会《决定》确定的进一步全面深化改革必须遵循的一条原则。坚持问题导向是马克思主义方法论的基本要求，也是我们进一步全面深化改革、开创中国式现代化广阔前景必须坚持的一个重要思想方法和工作方法。

Why does Xi Jinping repeatedly emphasize that comprehensively deepening reform must adhere to a problem-oriented approach? First, adhering to a problem-oriented approach is a distinctive feature and basic requirement of Marxism, and it is also an important ideological method and working method that the Communist Party of China has long upheld. Marxist epistemology tells us that problems always exist objectively; only by recognizing and discovering problems can we continuously analyze and solve them. Xi

习近平为什么反复强调全面深化改革必须坚持问题导向呢？首先，坚持问题导向是马克思主义的鲜明特色和基本要求，也是中国共产党长期坚持的一个重要思想方法和工作方法。马克思主义认识论告诉我们，问题总是客观存在的，只有通过认识问题、发现问题，才能不断分析问题和解决问题。习近平强调指出：“坚持问题导向是马克思主义的鲜明特点。问题是创新的起点，也是创新的动力源。”只有坚持问题导向，才能最终达到认识问题和解决问题的目标。其次，只有坚持问题导向才能在与时俱进中不断发现新情况、解决新问题。习近平指出，问题是时代的声音，“只有聆听时代的声音，回应时代的呼唤，认真研究解决重大而紧迫的问题，才能真正把握住历史脉络、找到发展规律，推动理论创新”。坚持问题导向是帮助我们把握历史脉络、找到发展规律的重要前提。当前，“我国发展已经站在新的历史起点上，要根据新发展阶段的新要求，坚持问题导向，更加精准地贯彻新发展理念，切实解决好发展不平衡不充分的问题，推动高质量发展”。从目前我国改革开放所处的历史方位来看，我国改革已进入深水区、攻坚期，“今天我们所面临问题的复杂程度、解决问题的艰巨程度明显加大”，“我们要增强问题意识，聚焦实践遇到的新问题、改革发展稳定存在的深层次问题、人民群众急难愁盼问题、国际变局中的重大问题、党的建设面临的突出问题，不断提出真正解决问题的新理念新思路新办法”。2024年3月，习近平在湖南考察时再次强调，“进一步全面深化改革要突出问题导向，着力解决制约构建新发展格局和推动高质量发展的卡点堵点问题、发展环境和民生领域的痛点难点问题、有悖社会公平正义的焦点热点问题，有效防范化解重大风险，不断为经济社会发展增动力、添活力”。习近平这些重要论述，为我们深刻认识和把握全面深化改革要着力解决的重点问题、关键问题提供了根本遵循。

VI. Comprehensively Deepening Reform Must Further Emancipate the Mind

六、全面深化改革必须进一步解放思想

Emancipating the mind is an inherent requirement of comprehensively deepening reform. Looking back at the course of China’s more than 40 years of reform, opening up, and development, every step forward in emancipating the mind has been accompanied by a step forward in reform and opening up. Xi Jinping points out that comprehensively deepening reform requires “further emancipating the mind, further emancipating and developing the social productive forces, and further emancipating and enhancing social vitality.” Among these “three further emancipations,” “emancipating the mind is the prerequisite, the master switch for emancipating and developing the social productive forces and for emancipating and enhancing social vitality.” “Emancipating and developing the social productive forces, and emancipating and enhancing social vitality, are the inevitable results of emancipating the mind, and also an important foundation for emancipating the mind.” Once we depart from emancipating the mind, reform and opening up will stagnate.

解放思想是全面深化改革的内在要求。从我国40多年改革开放发展的历程来看，解放思想每前进一步，改革开放就前进一步。习近平指出，全面深化改革，必须“进一步解放思想、进一步解放和发展社会生产力、进一步解放和增强社会活力”。在这“三个进一步解放”中，“解放思想是前提，是解放和发展社会生产力、解放和增强社会活力的总开关”。“解放和发展社会生产力、解放和增强社会活力，是解放思想的必然结果，也是解放思想的重要基础”。一旦离开解放思想，改革开放就会停滞不前。

China’s reform and opening up began with the emancipation of the mind. Back then, without that powerful movement of emancipating the mind centered on the criterion of truth [4]4 The “criterion of truth” refers to the nationwide debate on the criterion of truth (1978), which challenged the dogmatic “two whatevers” (whatever Mao Zedong said must be upheld, whatever Mao Zedong decided must be followed) and helped establish the principle of seeking truth from facts, paving the way for reform and opening up., our Party could not have made the historic decision in a timely manner to shift the focus of the Party and the state’s work to economic construction and to implement reform and opening up, nor would there have been the historic achievements brought about by the rapid development of reform and opening up over the subsequent 40-plus years. So, now that reform and opening up have developed to the present day, is it still necessary to further emancipate the mind? The answer is undoubtedly yes. On the new journey of the New Era, further comprehensively deepening reform still requires further emancipating the mind. First, emancipating the mind is the guide for further comprehensively deepening reform. According to the requirements of Marxist epistemology, any practical activity must be carried out under the guidance of a certain ideological theory. If people’s minds are not emancipated and their understanding cannot keep up with the development of the situation, it will be impossible to effectively guide new practice. As social practice advances with the times, people’s thinking must also be continuously emancipated and developed accordingly. Emancipating the mind is an important spiritual force for promoting reform and development. “The process of reform and opening up is the process of emancipating the mind. Without a great emancipation of the mind, there will be no great breakthroughs in reform.” Second, emancipating the mind is an important prerequisite for breaking through the shackles of ideological concepts and eliminating the drawbacks of institutions and mechanisms. Looking back at the development course of China’s more than 40 years of reform and opening up, it can be seen that getting through every important juncture of reform has been inseparable from the emancipation of thought and breakthroughs in concepts. Xi Jinping points out: “Facing the various new problems, new situations, and new challenges encountered in the process of modernization, political parties must dare to take responsibility and act courageously, break through the shackles of ideological concepts, eliminate the drawbacks of institutions and mechanisms, explore optimized methods and pathways, continuously achieve innovative breakthroughs in theory and practice, and inject a continuous and powerful vitality into the modernization process.” Currently, China’s reform has entered a deep-water zone and a critical period. To further comprehensively deepen reform, it is necessary to further emancipate the mind to break through various ideological and institutional obstacles, and to promote new breakthroughs in comprehensively deepening reform. Of course, emancipating the mind is by no means unrealistic wishful thinking, nor is it subjective imagination behind closed doors. The purpose of emancipating the mind is to better adhere to proceeding from reality in everything and better achieve seeking truth from facts, by studying new situations, continuously solving new problems, summarizing new experiences, and creating new prospects.

我国的改革开放是从解放思想起步的。当年，如果没有那场声势浩大的以真理标准为主题的解放思想运动，我们党就不可能及时作出把党和国家工作重心转移到经济建设上来、实行改革开放的历史性决策，也不会有之后40多年改革开放快速发展所带来的历史性成就。那么，改革开放发展到今天，是否仍然需要进一步解放思想呢？答案无疑是肯定的。在新时代新征程上进一步全面深化改革仍需要进一步解放思想。首先，解放思想是进一步全面深化改革的先导。根据马克思主义认识论的要求，任何实践活动都要在一定的思想理论指导下进行，如果人们的思想不解放，认识跟不上形势发展，那就不可能有效指导新的实践。社会实践不断与时俱进，人的思想也必须不断随之而解放和发展。解放思想是推进改革发展的重要精神力量，“改革开放的过程就是思想解放的过程。没有思想大解放，就不会有改革大突破”。其次，解放思想是冲破思想观念束缚、破除体制机制弊端的重要前提。回顾我国改革开放40多年的发展历程可以看出，闯过每个改革的重要关口，都离不开思想的解放和观念的突破。习近平指出：“面对现代化进程中遇到的各种新问题新情况新挑战，政党要敢于担当、勇于作为，冲破思想观念束缚，破除体制机制弊端，探索优化方法路径，不断实现理论和实践上的创新突破，为现代化进程注入源源不断的强大活力。”当前我国改革已进入深水区、攻坚期。要进一步全面深化改革，就必须通过进一步解放思想破除各种思想上和体制上的障碍，推进全面深化改革实现新的突破。当然，解放思想绝不是脱离实际的异想天开，也不是闭门造车的主观想象，解放思想的目的在于更好地坚持一切从实际出发、更好地做到实事求是，通过研究新情况，不断解决新问题、总结新经验、开创新局面。

VII. Comprehensively Deepening Reform Must Complement and Be Inseparable from Comprehensively Advancing Law-Based Governance

七、全面深化改革必须和全面依法治国相辅相成

Comprehensively deepening reform and comprehensively advancing law-based governance are important components of the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy proposed by Xi Jinping. The “Decision” adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [5]5 The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC was held in July 2024. Its “Decision” outlined major tasks for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization. clearly stipulates adhering to comprehensively advancing law-based governance as a principle that must be followed in further comprehensively deepening reform, emphasizing “adhering to comprehensively advancing law-based governance, deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization on the track of the rule of law, achieving the unity of reform and the rule of law, ensuring that major reforms have a legal basis, and promptly elevating reform achievements into legal systems.” This requires that in the process of further comprehensively deepening reform, we must unswervingly follow the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, improve and perfect the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics, and consolidate the rule-of-law foundation for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization.

全面深化改革和全面依法治国是习近平提出的“四个全面”战略布局的重要内容。党的二十届三中全会通过的《决定》，明确将坚持全面依法治国作为进一步全面深化改革必须遵循的一条原则，强调“坚持全面依法治国，在法治轨道上深化改革、推进中国式现代化，做到改革和法治相统一，重大改革于法有据、及时把改革成果上升为法律制度”。这就要求我们在进一步全面深化改革过程中必须坚定不移走中国特色社会主义法治道路，健全和完善中国特色社会主义法治体系，为进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化夯实法治根基。

Why must “the unity of reform and the rule of law” be emphasized in the process of further comprehensively deepening reform? First, the rule of law is the basic mode of governance and must be carried through all aspects of governance. Xi Jinping demanded in his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC that “we must give better play to the role of the rule of law in consolidating foundations, stabilizing expectations, and benefiting the long term, and comprehensively build a modern socialist country on the track of the rule of law.” Comprehensively deepening reform is a great transformation of special significance. To carry out this great transformation well, the rule of law must be carried through its entire process and all aspects. On the one hand, “major reforms must have a legal basis”; on the other hand, “the fruits of reform must be promptly elevated into the legal system.” Second, the rule of law plays an important role in guiding, regulating, and safeguarding comprehensively deepening reform. Comprehensively deepening reform is a systematic project with grand goals and arduous tasks. Completing each reform task requires multifaceted innovative exploration. How can it be ensured that reform always advances in the correct direction? Apart from adhering to the Party’s overall leadership, the rule of law must provide a strong guarantee. Especially in the face of complex and volatile international and domestic situations, to ensure that comprehensively deepening reform achieves notable results, it is necessary to be adept at using legal thinking and legal methods, uphold legal standards, employ legal means, and give full play to the guiding, regulating, and safeguarding role of the rule of law in the process of comprehensively deepening reform. Finally, reform and the rule of law complement and enhance each other. Xi Jinping emphasized: “Reform and the rule of law are like the two

在进一步全面深化改革过程中为什么要强调“改革与法治相统一”呢？首先，法治是治国理政的基本方式，必须将其贯穿治国理政各个方面。习近平在党的二十大报告中要求“必须更好发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的保障作用，在法治轨道上全面建设社会主义现代化国家”。全面深化改革是一场具有特殊意义的伟大变革，要搞好这场伟大变革必须把法治贯穿其全过程、各方面，一方面要使“重大改革于法有据”，另一方面也要做到“及时把改革成果上升为法律制度”。其次，法治对全面深化改革具有重要引领、规范和保障作用。全面深化改革是一项系统工程，目标宏大、任务艰巨，完成每一项改革任务都需要做出多方面的创新性探索。如何才能确保改革始终沿着正确方向前进？除了必须坚持党的全面领导外，还要靠法治为其提供坚强保障，尤其是面对纷繁复杂的国际国内形势，要确保全面深化改革取得显著成效，必须善于运用法治思维和法治方式，秉持法律准绳，用好法治手段，充分发挥好法治在全面深化改革过程中的引领、规范和保障作用。最后，改革与法治相辅相成、相得益彰。习近平强调指出：“‘改革与法治如鸟之两翼、车之两轮’，要坚持在法治下推进改革，在改革中完善法治。”这一重要论述深刻揭示了改革和法治相辅相成、相伴相融的辩证统一关系。全面深化改革的过程，实质上也就是推进改革和法治协调发展的过程，正如习近平所指出的那样，“做好改革发展稳定各项工作离不开法治，改革开放越深入越要强调法治”。全面深化改革要冲破各种体制机制障碍必然会引发诸多矛盾甚至冲突，而法治无疑是有效解决和化解这些矛盾冲突的最有效方式。正是从这个意义上说，进一步全面深化改革必须和全面依法治国相辅相成、协调发展。

VIII. Comprehensively Deepening Reform Must Adhere to a Scientific Methodology

八、全面深化改革必须坚持科学方法论

“A craftsman must first sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well.” [6]6 “Flower in the mirror, moon in the water” (镜中花、水中月) is a classical Chinese idiom referring to something that is visible but unattainable, an illusion or empty promise. Xi Jinping points out, “Reform and opening up is an unprecedented new undertaking; we must adhere to a correct methodology and advance it through continuous practical exploration.” “If one obtains the correct method, one achieves twice the result with half the effort; if one does not obtain the correct method, one achieves half the result with twice the effort, or even produces negative effects.” To further comprehensively deepen reform, we must adhere to a scientific methodology.

“工欲善其事，必先利其器”。习近平指出，“改革开放是前无古人的崭新事业，必须坚持正确的方法论，在不断实践探索中推进”。“得其法则事半功倍，不得法则事倍功半甚至产生负作用”。进一步全面深化改革，必须坚持科学方法论。

Why must we adhere to a scientific methodology in further comprehensively deepening reform? First, adhering to a scientific methodology is an objective requirement of Marxist dialectical materialism. As early as January 2015, when presiding over the 20th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 18th Central Committee, Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must constantly draw nourishment from the wisdom of Marxist philosophy, more consciously adhere to and apply the dialectical materialist worldview and methodology, enhance our capacity for dialectical thinking and strategic thinking, and strive to improve our ability to solve the fundamental problems of China’s reform and development.” The dialectical materialist worldview and methodology provide us with scientific methods of thought and work for correctly understanding and transforming the world. In practice, solving the problem of “crossing the river” requires the aid of a “bridge” or a “boat,” and the methodology of Marxist dialectical materialism is the best “bridge” or “boat.” Second, the complexity and arduousness of comprehensively deepening reform itself also require us to master a scientific methodology. At present, the world is undergoing changes unseen in a century, and China is in a critical period for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Various contradictions and interest relationships, both international and domestic, are complex and intertwined. To further comprehensively deepen reform against this backdrop of the times, “we are required to be adept at handling the relationships between the partial and the whole, the immediate and the long-term, and the key and the non-key, to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages in weighing pros and cons, and to make the most advantageous strategic choices. Comprehensively deepening reform must highlight the systematic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform.” At the same time, in further comprehensively deepening reform, we must also attach great importance to analyzing and solving problems using comprehensive, systematic, interconnected, and developmental viewpoints and methods, “adhere to a systems concept, properly handle major relationships such as those between economy and society, government and market, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, and development and security, and enhance the systematic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reform.” We must “adhere to planning and advancing reforms with an overall perspective and systematic thinking, strengthen the coordination and matching of various reform measures, promote reform measures in all fields and aspects to exert force in the same direction and form synergy, and enhance overall effectiveness.” We must fully consider the interest demands of different regions, different industries, and different groups, accurately grasp the meeting points and integration points of the interests of all parties, and ensure that the fruits of reform benefit all the people more and more fairly.

进一步全面深化改革为什么必须坚持科学方法论呢？首先，坚持科学方法论是马克思主义唯物辩证法的客观要求。早在2015年1月，习近平在主持十八届中央政治局第二十次集体学习时就强调指出：“必须不断接受马克思主义哲学智慧的滋养，更加自觉地坚持和运用辩证唯物主义世界观和方法论，增强辩证思维、战略思维能力，努力提高解决我国改革发展基本问题的本领。”辩证唯物主义世界观和方法论为我们正确认识世界和改造世界提供了科学的思想方法和工作方法，在实践中解决“过河”问题必须借助“桥”或“船”，而马克思主义唯物辩证法的方法论就是最好的“桥”或“船”。其次，全面深化改革自身的复杂性和艰巨性也要求我们必须掌握科学方法论。当前，世界正经历世界百年未有之大变局，我国正处在实现中华民族伟大复兴的关键时期，国际国内各种矛盾和各种利益关系错综复杂。在这样的时代背景下进一步全面深化改革，“要求我们善于处理局部和全局、当前和长远、重点和非重点的关系，在权衡利弊中趋利避害、作出最为有利的战略抉择。全面深化改革，要突出改革的系统性、整体性、协同性”。与此同时，在进一步全面深化改革中，我们还要高度重视以全面、系统、联系、发展的观点和方法分析问题和解决问题，“坚持系统观念，处理好经济和社会、政府和市场、效率和公平、活力和秩序、发展和安全等重大关系，增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性”。要“坚持以全局观念和系统思维谋划推进，加强各项改革举措的协调配套，推动各领域各方面改革举措同向发力、形成合力，增强整体效能”。要充分考虑不同地区、不同行业、不同群体的利益诉求，准确把握各方利益的交汇点和结合点，确保改革成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。

IX. Comprehensively Deepening Reform Must Further Expand Opening Up

九、全面深化改革必须进一步扩大开放

The “Decision” adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party [7] takes “promoting high-standard opening up” as an important task for further comprehensively deepening reform, emphasizing that “opening up is a distinctive hallmark of Chinese-path modernization. We must adhere to the basic state policy of opening up to the outside world, adhere to promoting reform through opening up,” and continuously “improve the systems and mechanisms for high-standard opening up.”

党的二十届三中全会通过的《决定》把“推进高水平对外开放”作为进一步全面深化改革聚焦的一项重要任务，强调“开放是中国式现代化的鲜明标识。必须坚持对外开放基本国策，坚持以开放促改革”，不断“完善高水平对外开放体制机制”。

Why must we further expand opening up to the outside world while adhering to comprehensively deepening reform? First, reform and opening up are themselves an inseparable organic unity. Xi Jinping points out: “Reform is the way for a country and a nation to survive and develop.” “Opening up is an important driving force for the progress of human civilization and the only way for the world’s prosperity and development.” Reform and opening up complement and promote each other; reform inevitably requires opening up, and opening up inevitably requires reform. “The practice of 40 years of reform and opening up enlightens us: opening up brings progress, while closure inevitably leads to backwardness. China’s development cannot be separated from the world, and the world’s prosperity also needs China.” While clearly proposing to “deepen reform and innovation,” the 20th National Congress of the Party also proposed to “unswervingly expand opening up,” emphasizing the coordinated development and integrated advancement of reform and opening up. While emphasizing “further comprehensively deepening reform,” the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee also emphasized “promoting high-standard opening up,” fully demonstrating the strong determination and firm confidence of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in the overall planning and integrated advancement of reform and opening up. Second, emphasizing further expanding opening up is also an inevitable requirement of the development of the current domestic and international situation. With more than 40 years of reform and opening up, especially the continuous development of comprehensively deepening reform and opening up in the New Era, China has formed an opening-up pattern of greater scope, wider fields, and deeper levels. Against this new backdrop of the times, Xi Jinping points out: “Currently, the world is

在坚持全面深化改革的同时为什么必须进一步扩大对外开放呢？首先，改革与开放本身就是一个不可分割的有机统一体。习近平指出：“改革是一个国家、一个民族的生存发展之道。”“开放是人类文明进步的重要动力，是世界繁荣发展的必由之路”。改革和开放相辅相成、相互促进，改革必然要求开放，开放也必然要求改革。“改革开放40年的实践启示我们：开放带来进步，封闭必然落后。中国的发展离不开世界，世界的繁荣也需要中国”。党的二十大在明确提出“深入推进改革创新”的同时也提出“坚定不移扩大开放”，强调改革与开放协调发展、一体推进。党的二十届三中全会在强调“进一步全面深化改革”的同时，也强调“推进高水平对外开放”，充分彰显了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对改革开放整体谋划和一体推进的坚强决心和坚定信心。其次，强调进一步扩大对外开放也是当前国内外形势发展的必然要求。随着40多年改革开放尤其是新时代全面深化改革开放的不断发展，我国已经形成了更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次的对外开放格局。在这种新的时代背景下，习近平指出：“当前，世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，世界经济复苏动力不足。我们要以开放纾发展之困、以开放汇合作之力、以开放聚创新之势、以开放谋共享之福，推动经济全球化不断向前，增强各国发展动能，让发展成果更多更公平惠及各国人民。”在新征程上我们要继续同世界各国人民一道，不断推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向发展，共同开创人类更加美好的未来。

10. Comprehensively deepening reform must be implemented with the spirit of driving the nail

十、全面深化改革必须以钉钉子精神抓好落实

Making a good top-level design is important, but ensuring implementation and follow-through is even more important. The Decision adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC emphasizes in its final article “implementing reform with the spirit of driving the nail,” requiring that “the whole Party must seek truth from facts and be pragmatic in implementation, and must dare to act and be good at acting in implementation.” If one does not settle down to focus on implementation, no matter how good the goal or how fine the blueprint, it can only become a flower in the mirror or the moon in the water.[n]

做好顶层设计重要，抓好贯彻落实更重要。党的二十届三中全会通过的《决定》在最后一条强调“以钉钉子精神抓好改革落实”，要求“全党必须求真务实抓落实、敢做善为抓落实”。如果不沉下心来抓落实，再好的目标，再好的蓝图，也只能成为镜中花、水中月。

“Empty talk harms the country; solid work makes it prosper.”[7] Further comprehensively deepening reform depends on ensuring implementation. First, ensuring implementation is the objective requirement for making reform achieve tangible results. No matter how good the blueprint or how excellent the plan, if it is not implemented, it remains only a scrap

“空谈误国，实干兴邦”。进一步全面深化改革贵在抓好落实。首先，抓好落实是确保改革取得实效的客观要求。蓝图再好、方案再佳如果不落实到位也只能是一纸空文。习近平指出，“要把全面深化改革作为推进中国式现代化的根本动力，作为稳大局、应变局、开新局的重要抓手，把准方向、守正创新、真抓实干，在新征程上谱写改革开放新篇章”。“我们要顺应时代发展新趋势、实践发展新要求、人民群众新期待，以改革到底的坚强决心，动真格、敢碰硬，精准发力、协同发力、持续发力，坚决破除一切制约中国式现代化顺利推进的体制机制障碍”。其次，抓好改革落实贵在发扬钉钉子精神。习近平多次用“钉钉子”一词来比喻发扬刻苦钻研、持之以恒精神，他指出：“我们要有钉钉子的精神，钉钉子往往不是一锤子就能钉好的，而是要一锤一锤接着敲，直到把钉子钉实钉牢，钉牢一颗再钉下一颗，不断钉下去，必然大有成效。如果东一榔头西一棒子，结果很可能是一颗钉子都钉不上、钉不牢”，“一张好的蓝图，只要是科学的、切合实际的、符合人民愿望的，大家就要一茬一茬接着干”，“脚踏实地把既定的科学目标、好的工作蓝图变为现实”。党的二十届三中全会通过的《决定》对进一步全面深化改革作了系统的顶层设计和总体规划，明确了未来一个时期进一步全面深化改革的总体方案、路线图、时间表。要把这些目标任务落到实处，需要我们认真制定出务实管用、科学有效的改革举措，根据《决定》提出的“坚持上下协同、条块结合，科学制定改革任务书、时间表、优先序，明确各项改革实施主体和责任，把重大改革落实情况纳入监督检查和巡视巡察内容，以实绩实效和人民群众满意度检验改革”要求，以钉钉子精神扎实推进全面深化改革不断向纵深发展。

In summary, Xi Jinping’s series of new ideas, new perspectives, and new judgments on comprehensively deepening reform represent his scientific answers to the major questions of what comprehensively deepening reform is, why it must be carried out, and how to carry it out. These answers are given from the strategic height of building a great modern socialist country in all respects and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, with great historical initiative, immense political courage, and a strong sense of responsibility, and are closely centered on the theme of advancing Chinese-path modernization. These new ideas, new perspectives, and new judgments are a scientific summation of the valuable experience gained from reform and opening up, especially from comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era. They are the latest achievements in practical and theoretical innovation in comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era, and will surely become a powerful ideological weapon guiding us to further comprehensively deepen reform on the new journey. We must thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping’s new ideas, new perspectives, and new judgments on comprehensively deepening reform, accurately grasp their core essence and spiritual substance, uphold and apply the positions, viewpoints, and methods running through them, and make new and greater contributions to further comprehensively deepening reform and opening up the broad prospects of Chinese-path modernization through concrete actions.

总而言之，习近平关于全面深化改革的一系列新思想、新观点、新论断，是习近平站在全面建设社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴的战略高度，以伟大的历史主动精神、巨大的政治勇气和强烈的责任担当，紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化这一主题，对什么是全面深化改革、为什么必须全面深化改革、怎样全面深化改革等重大问题作出的科学回答。这些新思想、新观点、新论断是对改革开放以来特别是新时代全面深化改革宝贵经验的科学总结，是新时代全面深化改革实践创新和理论创新的最新成果，必将成为新征程上指导我们进一步全面深化改革的强大思想武器。我们要深入学习贯彻习近平关于全面深化改革的新思想、新观点、新论断，准确把握其核心要义和精神实质，坚持和运用好贯穿其中的立场观点和方法，以实际行动为进一步全面深化改革、开辟中国式现代化的广阔前景作出新的更大贡献。

Source: Journal of Ideological and Theoretical Education, October 8, 2024

文章来源：《思想理论教育导刊》2024年10月8日

Online editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆