Improving the People’s Well-Being in the Course of Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization

Leading the people in creating a happy life is the unswerving goal of the Communist Party of China. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has adhered to a people-centered development philosophy, made every effort to ensure and improve the people’s well-being, united and led the people in completing the historic tasks of eradicating absolute poverty and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, achieved new results in common prosperity, and realized the first centenary goal.[1]1 The first centenary goal refers to building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC in 2021. Xi Jinping has delivered a series of important discourses on ensuring and improving the people’s well-being, providing the fundamental guidance for continuously improving the people’s well-being in the course of advancing Chinese-path modernization. The 20th National Congress of the CPC drew up the grand blueprint for comprehensively building a modern socialist country and comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization, and made major deployments for improving the people’s well-being and raising the quality of life of the people. When proposing the overall goal of further deepening reform comprehensively, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC pointed out the need to focus on raising the quality of life of the people, promote more obvious substantive progress in the well-rounded development of the individual and common prosperity for all the people, and made the major deployment of “improving the institutional system for ensuring and improving the people’s well-being.” Studying and grasping Xi Jinping’s important discourses on ensuring and improving the people’s well-being in depth, and summarizing the basic connotations and core essentials contained therein, are of great significance for further deepening reform comprehensively, continuing to advance the cause of the people’s well-being, and marching toward the grand goal of basically realizing modernization and comprehensively building a great modern socialist country.

带领人民创造幸福生活，是中国共产党始终不渝的奋斗目标。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，着力保障和改善民生，团结带领人民完成脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会的历史任务，共同富裕取得新成效，实现了第一个百年奋斗目标。习近平围绕保障和改善民生发表一系列重要论述，为在推进中国式现代化进程中不断增进民生福祉提供了根本遵循。党的二十大擘画了全面建设社会主义现代化国家、以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟蓝图，作出增进民生福祉、提高人民生活品质的重大部署。党的二十届三中全会在提出进一步全面深化改革的总目标时，指出要聚焦提高人民生活品质，推动人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展，作出“健全保障和改善民生制度体系”的重大部署。深入学习领会习近平关于保障和改善民生的重要论述，总结蕴含其中的基本内涵、核心要义，对于进一步全面深化改革，继续推进民生事业，向着基本实现现代化、全面建成社会主义现代化强国的宏伟目标迈进，具有重大意义。

Part 1. Realizing the People’s Aspiration for a Better Life Is the Starting Point and the End Point of Modernization

Part.1实现人民对美好生活的向往是现代化建设的出发点和落脚点

There is a constant principle in governance: putting the people’s interests first.[2]2 “There is a constant principle in governance: putting the people’s interests first” (治国有常，利民为本) is a classical Chinese saying from the Huainanzi, a Han dynasty philosophical text. Working for the people’s well-being is the essential requirement of building the Party for the public good and exercising governance for the people. The 20th National Congress of the CPC proposed that one of the essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization is “realizing common prosperity for all the people,” and stressed that “we must ensure and improve the people’s well-being in the course of development and encourage everyone to work together to create a better life, so as to steadily realize the people’s aspiration for a better life.” Improving the people’s well-being is the fundamental purpose of development. Ensuring and improving the people’s well-being in the course of development is a major principle of the CPC’s governance, and must be adhered to over the long term.

治国有常，利民为本。为民造福是立党为公、执政为民的本质要求。党的二十大提出中国式现代化的本质要求之一是“实现全体人民共同富裕”，强调“必须坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，鼓励共同奋斗创造美好生活，不断实现人民对美好生活的向往”。增进民生福祉是发展的根本目的，坚持在发展中保障和改善民生是中国共产党治国理政的重大原则，必须长期坚持。

Ensuring and improving the people’s well-being is the essential embodiment of the Party’s nature and purpose. The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, and at the same time the vanguard of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. It represents the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the Chinese people. Since its founding, it has taken seeking happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation as its original aspiration and founding mission. The Party has made serving the people wholeheartedly the fundamental purpose of the Party, and has always insisted that the people’s interests are above all else. The Party’s entire tasks and responsibilities are to realize, safeguard, and develop the interests of the people. Times change and history advances, but the Party’s nature and purpose will not change. No matter when, we must adhere to the people’s standpoint, uphold the principal position of the people, learn from the people with an open mind, listen to the people’s voices, draw on the people’s wisdom, ask the people about their needs, ask the people for their advice, and ask the people about the results, and take whether the people support, approve, or agree as the fundamental criterion for measuring the success or failure of all work. Only by winning the trust, support, and endorsement of the people can the Communist Party of China remain invincible.

保障和改善民生，是党的性质和宗旨的本质体现。中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，代表着中国最广大人民的根本利益，自成立之日起就把为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴作为初心和使命。党把全心全意为人民服务作为立党的根本宗旨，始终坚持人民的利益高于一切。党的全部任务和责任，就是把人民群众的利益实现好、维护好、发展好。时代在变化，历史在前进，但党的性质和宗旨不会变。无论什么时候，都必须坚持人民立场，坚持人民主体地位，虚心向人民学习，倾听人民呼声，汲取人民智慧，问需于民、问计于民、问效于民，把人民是否拥护、是否赞成、是否答应作为衡量一切工作得失的根本标准。只有赢得人民群众的信任、拥护和支持，中国共产党才能立于不败之地。

Ensuring and improving the people’s well-being in the course of development is a major task of Chinese-path modernization. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC clearly set forth the central task of the Party on the new journey of the New Era: uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, realize the second centenary goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization.[3]3 The second centenary goal refers to building a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China in 2049. Compared with the modernization of Western countries, which involves a relatively small population size, and the social polarization between rich and poor and extreme inequality in the process of Western modernization, Chinese-path modernization has Chinese characteristics based on its own national conditions. On the one hand, it is the modernization of a huge population. The fact that China’s more than 1.4 billion people are entering modern society as a whole, a scale larger than the total population of all developed countries combined, makes its arduousness and complexity unprecedented. On the other hand, it is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people, which insists on taking the realization of the people’s aspiration for a better life as the starting point and the end point of modernization, strives to uphold and promote social fairness and justice, promotes common prosperity for all the people, and resolutely prevents polarization between the rich and the poor. Xi Jinping pointed out, “Whether a path of modernization will eventually work and remain stable depends on whether it adheres to a people-centered approach. Modernization should not be measured solely by indicators and data on paper, but more importantly by the people’s well-being and happiness.” Chinese-path modernization not only creates more material and cultural-ethical wealth, but also achieves material abundance and cultural-ethical enrichment for all the people, stimulates the creativity of the whole society, and promotes the well-rounded development of the individual. These Chinese characteristics determine that the development path and promotion methods of Chinese-path modernization will inevitably have their own features. The Communist Party of China adheres to the people-first concept, anchors on the people’s aspiration for a better life, conforms to the people’s desire for progress in civilization, and enables modernization to better respond to the people’s various demands and multi-level needs, demonstrating the people-centered nature and fairness of Chinese-path modernization.

在发展中保障和改善民生，是中国式现代化的重大任务。党的二十大报告明确提出新时代新征程中国共产党的使命任务，即团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。相比西方国家人口体量相对较小的现代化，以及西方现代化进程中的社会贫富分化与极端不平等性，中国式现代化具有基于自己国情的中国特色。一方面，它是人口规模巨大的现代化，中国14亿多人口整体迈进现代化社会，规模超过现有发达国家人口的总和，艰巨性和复杂性前所未有。另一方面，它是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，坚持把实现人民对美好生活的向往作为现代化建设的出发点和落脚点，着力维护和促进社会公平正义，促进全体人民共同富裕，坚决防止两极分化。习近平指出，“现代化道路最终能否走得通、行得稳，关键要看是否坚持以人民为中心。现代化不仅要看纸面上的指标数据，更要看人民的幸福安康”。中国式现代化不仅要创造更多的物质财富和精神财富，而且要实现全体人民物质富足、精神富有，激发全社会创造力，促进人的全面发展。这些中国特色，决定了中国式现代化的发展途径和推进方式必然具有自己的特点。中国共产党坚守人民至上理念，锚定人民对美好生活的向往，顺应人民对文明进步的渴望，让现代化更好回应人民各方面诉求和多层次需要，彰显了中国式现代化的人民性和公平性。

Ensuring and improving the people’s well-being is an inevitable requirement for implementing the new development philosophy. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out: “Implementing the new development philosophy is the only way for China to grow and prosper in the New Era.” Seeking happiness for the people and rejuvenation for the nation is not only the starting point and the end point of the Communist Party of China’s leadership in modernization, but also the “root” and “soul” of the new development philosophy. Among the new development philosophy, shared development focuses on solving the problem of social fairness and justice. Its essence is to adhere to a people-centered development philosophy, reflecting the requirement of gradually realizing common prosperity. Xi Jinping pointed out, “When I proposed the new development philosophy, I stressed that sharing is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must adhere to development for the people, development relying on the people, and development results shared by the people, make more effective institutional arrangements, so that all the people have a greater sense of gain in co-building and sharing development, enhance the driving force for development, increase the unity of the people, and steadily advance towards common prosperity.” Implementing shared development boils down to two aspects: first, to mobilize the strength of the entire people to advance the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and continuously make the “pie” bigger; second, to distribute the ever-larger “pie” well, so that the superiority of the socialist system is more fully reflected, the people have a greater sense of gain, and all the people steadily advance towards common prosperity. There must never be a situation where “the rich pile up millions, while the poor eat chaff and dregs.”[4]4 “The rich pile up millions, while the poor eat chaff and dregs” (富者累巨万，而贫者食糟糠) is a phrase from the Han shu (Book of Han), describing extreme wealth inequality. Implementing the new development philosophy, the biggest beneficiaries are the people, and the biggest driving force comes from the people. If there is no development or development is poor, the people will be dissatisfied and will not agree. Only by adhering to a people-centered development philosophy and truly enabling the fruits of development to benefit the broadest majority of the people can we promote innovative development, coordinated development, green development, open development, and shared development.

保障和改善民生，是贯彻新发展理念的必然要求。党的二十大报告指出：“贯彻新发展理念是新时代我国发展壮大的必由之路。”为人民谋幸福、为民族谋复兴，这既是中国共产党领导现代化建设的出发点和落脚点，也是新发展理念的“根”和“魂”。新发展理念中，共享发展注重的是解决社会公平正义问题，其实质就是坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，体现的是逐步实现共同富裕的要求。习近平指出，“提出新发展理念时，我就强调，共享是中国特色社会主义的本质要求，必须坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，作出更有效的制度安排，使全体人民在共建共享发展中有更多获得感，增强发展动力，增进人民团结，朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进”。落实共享发展，归结起来就是两个层面的事：一是举全民之力推进中国特色社会主义事业，不断把“蛋糕”做大；二是把不断做大的“蛋糕”分好，让社会主义制度的优越性得到更充分体现，让人民群众有更多获得感，使全体人民朝着共同富裕方向稳步前进，绝不能出现“富者累巨万，而贫者食糟糠”的现象。贯彻新发展理念，最大的受益者是人民，最大的动力来自人民。如果不发展或者发展不好，人民就不满意、不答应。只有坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，真正使发展成果惠及最广大人民，才能推动实现创新发展、协调发展、绿色发展、开放发展、共享发展。

Ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing is the ultimate goal of promoting high-quality development. The basic feature of China’s current economic development is the transition from a phase of high-speed growth to a phase of high-quality development, a critical period of transforming the development model, optimizing the economic structure, and shifting the drivers of growth. High-quality development is both a stage of development and the primary task of building a modern socialist country in all respects. In March 2021, when participating in the deliberation of the Qinghai delegation at the Fourth Session of the Thirteenth National People’s Congress, Xi Jinping pointed out that “high-quality development is not merely an economic requirement, but a general requirement for all aspects of economic and social development,” and that “we must always keep the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people at heart, unswervingly improve the people’s wellbeing, closely integrate high-quality development with meeting the people’s needs for a better life, and promote the organic integration and mutual reinforcement of giving priority to ecological protection, advancing high-quality development, and creating a high quality of life.” During the 2023 “Two Sessions”[n], when participating in the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation at the First Session of the Fourteenth National People’s Congress, Xi Jinping elaborated in depth on the basic principles and key tasks of high-quality development, pointing out that “the people’s happiness and well-being are the ultimate goal of promoting high-quality development,” and explicitly put forward the requirement of “four musts”[n], including “must take meeting the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life as the starting point and落脚点.”[n] The positioning of “ultimate goal” and “starting point and落脚点” profoundly reveals the intrinsic connection between promoting high-quality development and the people’s better life. High-quality development is the foundation and prerequisite for ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing; ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing is the fundamental purpose of high-quality development. At the same time, achieving fuller and higher-quality employment, raising income levels, and improving the social security system help stabilize social expectations, expand the middle-income group, and form a huge domestic market demand, providing an inexhaustible driving force for high-quality development. To promote high-quality economic and social development, we must take ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing as the starting point and落脚点, highlight filling shortcomings, solving difficulties, and securing the bottom line, accelerate the resolution of the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development, continuously transform development achievements into quality of life, and enable all the people to share the fruits of reform and development.

保障和改善民生，是推动高质量发展的最终目的。当前我国经济发展的基本特征，是由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的攻关期。高质量发展既是一个发展阶段，又是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。2021年3月，习近平在参加十三届全国人大四次会议青海代表团审议时指出，“高质量发展不只是一个经济要求，而是对经济社会发展方方面面的总要求”，“要始终把最广大人民根本利益放在心上，坚定不移增进民生福祉，把高质量发展同满足人民美好生活需要紧密结合起来，推动坚持生态优先、推动高质量发展、创造高品质生活有机结合、相得益彰”。2023年全国“两会”期间，在参加十四届全国人大一次会议江苏代表团审议时，习近平深入阐释高质量发展的基本原则和重点任务，指出“人民幸福安康是推动高质量发展的最终目的”，明确提出“四个必须”的要求，其中包括“必须以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要为出发点和落脚点”。“最终目的”“出发点和落脚点”的定位，深刻揭示了推动高质量发展与人民美好生活之间的内在联系。高质量发展是保障和改善民生的基础和前提，保障和改善民生是高质量发展的根本目的。同时，实现更加充分更高质量就业、提高收入水平、健全社会保障体系，有助于稳定社会预期、扩大中等收入群体、形成庞大的国内市场需求，为高质量发展提供源源不竭的动力。推动经济社会高质量发展，要以保障和改善民生为出发点和落脚点，突出补短板、解难题、兜底线，加快解决发展不平衡不充分问题，把发展成果不断转化为生活品质，让全体人民共享改革发展成果。

Part 2: Deeply Understanding the Ideological Connotations of Xi Jinping’s Important Expositions on Ensuring and Improving the People’s Wellbeing

Part.2深刻理解习近平关于保障和改善民生的重要论述的思想内涵

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping has delivered a series of important expositions on the significance, guiding ideology, principles, ideas, goals, and tasks of ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing. These are major theoretical innovations of the Communist Party of China on people’s wellbeing in the New Era, an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and provide the fundamental guidance for fully implementing the Party Central Committee’s series of major strategic deployments on people’s wellbeing work, for putting into practice the realization, safeguarding, and development of the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people, and for advancing the process of Chinese-path modernization.

党的十八大以来，习近平围绕保障和改善民生的重大意义、指导思想、原则思路、目标任务发表的一系列重要论述，是新时代中国共产党关于民生建设的重大理论创新，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，为全面贯彻落实党中央关于民生保障工作的一系列重大战略部署，把实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民根本利益落到实处，推进中国式现代化进程，提供了根本遵循。

Ideological Guidance: Adhere to the people-centered development thought, so that the fruits of modernization benefit all the people more and more fairly. Development for the people is the fundamental stance of Marxist political economy. Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out, “Only by adhering to the people-centered development thought, insisting on development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people, can we have a correct outlook on development and modernization.” The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC explicitly designated “adhering to the people-centered development thought” as one of the five major principles that must be firmly grasped on the path forward. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC designated “adhering to the people-centered approach” as one of the six principles to be implemented in further deepening reform comprehensively. Regarding how to understand the people-centered development thought, Xi Jinping gave a profound explanation, pointing out that this “is not an abstract, abstruse concept; it cannot remain only in words or stop at the level of thought, but must be reflected in every link of economic and social development.” People’s wellbeing is linked to the people’s hearts; when people’s wellbeing is stable, people’s hearts are stable, and society is stable. Currently, the macro environment and internal conditions facing people’s wellbeing work are both changing. From the perspective of the macro environment, China’s reform, development, and stability still face many deep-seated contradictions; the triple pressures of demand contraction, supply shocks, and weakening expectations remain relatively large; the foundation for economic recovery is not yet solid; and various super-expectation factors may occur at any time. From the perspective of internal conditions, the principal contradiction facing Chinese society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. The people’s yearning for a better life is stronger, and the needs of the people are characterized by diversity and multiple levels, with expectations for better education, more stable jobs, more satisfactory incomes, more reliable social security, higher-level medical and health services, more comfortable living conditions, a more beautiful environment, and a richer cultural and spiritual life. Facing the new situation, new tasks, and new requirements, advancing the development of the people’s wellbeing cause must adapt to the new changes in people’s wellbeing work, promptly understand the needs of the people, actively respond to the people’s expectations, solve the people’s wellbeing difficulties faced in the New Era, solve the issues of the most direct and practical interest to the people, and continuously meet the people’s yearning for a better life.

思想引领：坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。发展为了人民，这是马克思主义政治经济学的根本立场。习近平深刻指出，“只有坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，才会有正确的发展观、现代化观”。党的二十大报告将“坚持以人民为中心的发展思想”明确为前进道路上必须牢牢把握的五条重大原则之一。党的二十届三中全会将“坚持以人民为中心”作为进一步全面深化改革要贯彻的六大原则之一。对于如何理解以人民为中心的发展思想，习近平作了深刻阐释，指出这“不是一个抽象的、玄奥的概念，不能只停留在口头上、止步于思想环节，而要体现在经济社会发展各个环节”。民生连着民心，民生稳，人心就稳，社会就稳。当前，民生工作面临的宏观环境和内在条件都在发生变化。从宏观环境来看，我国改革发展稳定依然面临不少深层次矛盾，需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱三重压力仍然较大，经济恢复的基础尚不牢固，各种超预期因素随时可能发生。从内在条件来看，我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，人民对美好生活的向往更加强烈，人民群众的需要呈现多样化多层次的特点，期盼有更好的教育、更稳定的工作、更满意的收入、更可靠的社会保障、更高水平的医疗卫生服务、更舒适的居住条件、更优美的环境、更丰富的精神文化生活。面对新形势、新任务、新要求，推进民生事业发展必须适应民生工作新变化，及时了解人民群众需求，积极回应人民群众期盼，解决新时代面临的民生难题，解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，不断满足人民对美好生活的向往。

Action Guarantee: Adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and leverage the advantage of the socialist system in concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks. The key to running China’s affairs well lies in the Party. It is precisely because of the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the significant advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics that China has been able to create the miracle of rapid economic development and the miracle of long-term social stability rarely seen in the world. Xi Jinping pointed out, “Whether we can manage the world’s second-largest economy well, and whether we can maintain sustained and healthy economic and social development, fundamentally depends on whether the Party’s leading core role in economic and social development is well played.” Party leadership is the political guarantee for ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, China’s state system and national governance system always represent the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people, ensure that the people are the masters of the country, embody the common will of the people, and provide a fundamental guarantee for continuously ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing, realizing that all the people share the fruits of reform and development, and unswervingly taking the path of common prosperity. The Communist Party of China, in ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing, sets the direction, plans the overall situation, formulates policies, and promotes reform; carefully carries out top-level design; formulates a series of policies, laws, and regulations to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing; leads the broad masses of the people in the concrete implementation of ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing; has achieved the great victory of poverty alleviation and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects; successfully resisted the damage to the people’s wellbeing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; and the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security regarding their wellbeing has been greatly enhanced. The socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the institutional support for ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing. It possesses extraordinary organizational mobilization capacity, overall planning and coordination capacity, and implementation capacity; it can give full play to the unique advantage of concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks, difficult tasks, and urgent tasks; and it is the fundamental guarantee for resisting risks and challenges and improving the efficiency of national governance. Under the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, the Communist Party of China concentrates the whole society’s talent, capital, and technological resources, mobilizes the strength of the whole nation, forms a common will across regions, departments, units, and the whole society, and takes common action, so that the people’s wellbeing cause continuously achieves new successes. On the new journey, advancing the people’s wellbeing cause must unswervingly adhere to Party leadership, give full play to the significant advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, unite the people of all ethnic groups around the common goal of people’s wellbeing construction, gather forces from all sides, mobilize resources from all sides, be united in purpose, accomplish more concrete matters of people’s wellbeing, and continuously advance the modernization of common prosperity for all the people. At the same time, in the process of promoting high-quality development, China’s development fields are constantly expanding, the division of labor is becoming increasingly complex, and the forms are becoming more advanced, which places higher demands on the Party’s ability and level in leading the people’s wellbeing cause. Whether it is analyzing the situation or making decisions, whether it is solving development difficulties or solving issues involving the interests of the masses, the Communist Party of China needs to give full play to its political advantages, establish a strategic vision, more consciously use the rule-of-law thinking and rule-of-law methods, innovate the institutional mechanisms and methods of people’s wellbeing work, and promptly solve the practical interest issues of the masses.

行动保障：坚持中国共产党领导，发挥社会主义制度集中力量办大事的优势。办好中国的事情，关键在党。正是因为有中国共产党领导、有中国特色社会主义制度的显著优势，中国才能创造出世所罕见的经济快速发展奇迹和社会长期稳定奇迹。习近平指出，“能不能驾驭好世界第二大经济体，能不能保持经济社会持续健康发展，从根本上讲取决于党在经济社会发展中的领导核心作用发挥得好不好”。党的领导是保障和改善民生的政治保障。在中国共产党的领导下，中国国家制度和国家治理体系始终代表最广大人民根本利益，保证人民当家作主，体现人民共同意志，为持续不断保障和改善民生、实现全体人民共享改革发展成果、坚定不移走共同富裕道路提供了根本保证。中国共产党在保障和改善民生中把方向、谋大局、定政策、促改革，精心进行顶层设计，制定了一系列保障和改善民生的政策、法律、法规，带领广大人民群众开展民生保障和改善的具体实施，取得了脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会的伟大胜利，成功抵御了新冠疫情对民生的侵害，广大人民群众的民生获得感、幸福感、安全感大幅提升。中国特色社会主义制度是保障和改善民生的制度支撑。它具有非凡的组织动员能力、统筹协调能力、贯彻执行能力，能够充分发挥集中力量办大事、办难事、办急事的独特优势，是抵御风险挑战、提高国家治理效能的根本保证。在中国特色社会主义制度下，中国共产党集中全社会人才、资金、技术资源，举全国之力，形成跨地区、跨部门、跨单位、全社会的共同意志，采取共同行动，使民生事业不断取得新成就。新征程上推进民生事业，必须毫不动摇坚持党的领导、发挥中国特色社会主义制度的显著优势，团结全国各族人民围绕共同的民生建设目标，汇聚各方面力量，调动各方面资源，上下一心，办成更多民生实事，将全体人民共同富裕的现代化不断向前推进。同时，在推动高质量发展过程中，中国发展领域不断拓宽、分工日趋复杂、形态更加高级，对党领导民生事业的能力和水平提出了更高要求。无论是分析形势还是作出决策，无论是破解发展难题还是解决涉及群众利益的问题，都需要中国共产党发挥政治优势，树立战略眼光，更加自觉运用法治思维和法治方式，创新民生工作体制机制和方式方法，及时解决群众现实利益问题。

The goal of the struggle: continuously achieving more substantial and tangible progress in common prosperity for all the people. “The way of governing a state begins with enriching the people.” [8]8 The phrase “pressing, difficult, and troubling problems of the people” (人民群众急难愁盼问题) is a standard formulation in contemporary Chinese political discourse, referring to the most immediate and urgent concerns of ordinary citizens. Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of Chinese-path modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has grasped the new changes in the stage of development, placed the gradual realization of common prosperity for all the people in a more important position, promoted coordinated regional development, won the battle against poverty, and completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, thereby creating favorable conditions for promoting common prosperity. Completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and lifting all localities out of poverty are not the end point, but the starting point for a new life and new struggle. The “14th Five-Year Plan” proposal adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC, when discussing the long-range objectives for basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035, put forward “achieving more substantial and tangible progress in common prosperity for all the people”; when discussing improving the quality of people’s lives, it highlighted “solidly promoting common prosperity” and put forward some important requirements and major measures. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC profoundly expounded the five aspects of Chinese characteristics of Chinese-path modernization, one of which is “the modernization of common prosperity for all the people,” and took “realizing common prosperity for all the people” as one of the essential requirements of Chinese-path modernization, making “achieving more substantial and tangible progress in the well-rounded development of the people and common prosperity for all the people” an important part of the overall goal for China’s development by 2035. Now, the historical stage of solidly promoting common prosperity has arrived.

奋斗目标：不断推动全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。“治国之道，富民为始。”共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求，是中国式现代化的重要特征。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把握发展阶段新变化，把逐步实现全体人民共同富裕摆在更加重要的位置上，推动区域协调发展，打赢脱贫攻坚战，全面建成小康社会，为促进共同富裕创造了良好条件。全面建成小康社会、脱贫摘帽，不是终点，而是新生活、新奋斗的起点。党的十九届五中全会通过的“十四五”规划《建议》在讲到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化远景目标时，提出“全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展”；在讲到改善人民生活品质时，突出强调了“扎实推动共同富裕”，提出了一些重要要求和重大举措。党的二十大报告深刻阐述了中国式现代化五个方面的中国特色，其中一个方面就是“全体人民共同富裕的现代化”，并将“实现全体人民共同富裕”作为中国式现代化的本质要求之一，把“人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展”作为到2035年我国发展总体目标的重要内容。现在，已经到了扎实推动共同富裕的历史阶段。

Entering the new stage of development, to solidly promote common prosperity, we must always take meeting the people’s new expectations for a better life as the starting point and ultimate goal of development, and continuously and gradually solve this problem in the process of realizing modernization. Xi Jinping pointed out that realizing common prosperity is not only an economic issue but also a major political issue concerning the Party’s governing foundation. We must consider both needs and possibilities, proceed step by step in accordance with the laws of economic and social development, and consciously and proactively address issues such as regional disparities, urban-rural gaps, and income gaps, continuously enhancing the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security. In the process of realizing common prosperity, we must pay more attention to tilting toward rural areas, grassroots levels, and underdeveloped regions, and toward people in difficulty, promote social fairness and justice, and let the fruits of development benefit all the people more and more fairly. At the same time, we must clearly recognize that common prosperity is a long-term goal that requires a process. Different localities have different development foundations and conditions. It does not mean that all people become prosperous at the same time, nor that all regions reach the same level of prosperity simultaneously. Different groups of people will not only achieve varying degrees of prosperity but also do so at different times; there will still be certain differences in the degree of prosperity among different regions. It is impossible for everyone to advance in lockstep. We must have a full understanding of its long-term nature, arduousness, and complexity. This is a process of moving forward in a dynamic state. We must adhere to gradual progress, conduct in-depth research on the goals at different stages, encourage all localities to explore effective paths according to local conditions, sum up experience, and gradually roll them out.

进入新发展阶段，扎实推动共同富裕，就要始终把满足人民对美好生活的新期待作为发展的出发点和落脚点，在实现现代化过程中不断地、逐步地解决好这个问题。习近平指出，实现共同富裕不仅是经济问题，而且是关系党的执政基础的重大政治问题。要统筹考虑需要和可能，按照经济社会发展规律循序渐进，自觉主动解决地区差距、城乡差距、收入差距等问题，不断增强人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感。在实现共同富裕过程中，要更加注重向农村、基层、欠发达地区倾斜，向困难群众倾斜，促进社会公平正义，让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。同时，必须清醒认识到，共同富裕是一个长远目标，需要一个过程，各个地方发展基础和条件不同，不是所有人都同时富裕，也不是所有地区同时达到一个富裕水准，不同人群不仅实现富裕的程度有高有低，时间上也会有先有后，不同地区富裕程度还会存在一定差异，不可能齐头并进，对其长期性、艰巨性、复杂性要有充分认识。这是一个在动态中向前发展的过程，要坚持循序渐进，深入研究不同阶段的目标，鼓励各地因地制宜探索有效路径，总结经验，逐步推开。

Principle and approach: properly handle the relationship between economic development and ensuring people’s well-being, doing one’s utmost within the limits of one’s capabilities. To ensure and improve people’s well-being through development, we must adhere to taking development as the top priority, effectively mobilize various elements of economic development, and provide a solid material foundation for the construction of people’s well-being. At the same time, ensuring and improving people’s well-being is also conducive to expanding domestic demand, accelerating the construction of a new development pattern, and promoting higher-quality, more efficient, fairer, and more sustainable economic development. Xi Jinping pointed out, “High-quality development requires high-quality workers. Only by promoting common prosperity, increasing urban and rural residents’ income, and enhancing human capital can we improve total factor productivity and consolidate the driving force for high-quality development.” People’s well-being is linked to development; addressing people’s well-being is also addressing development. Under the current situation of increasing downward pressure on the economy, we must fully recognize the importance of ensuring and improving people’s well-being for stabilizing the economy, earnestly implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, take greater efforts and more concrete measures to ensure and improve people’s well-being, and keep the economy operating within a reasonable range.

原则思路：处理好发展经济和保障民生的关系，尽力而为，量力而行。坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，必须坚持把发展作为第一要务，有效调动经济发展的各种要素，为民生建设提供坚实的物质基础。同时，保障和改善民生也有利于扩大内需、加快构建新发展格局，推动经济更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续发展。习近平指出，“高质量发展需要高素质劳动者，只有促进共同富裕，提高城乡居民收入，提升人力资本，才能提高全要素生产率，夯实高质量发展的动力基础”。民生连着发展，抓民生也是抓发展。在当前经济下行压力加大的形势下，要充分认识保障和改善民生对于稳住经济的重要性，认真落实党中央、国务院决策部署，拿出更大的力度、更实的举措保障和改善民生，保持经济运行在合理区间。

Development must respond to the people’s expectations and bring tangible benefits to the masses. Of course, people’s well-being divorced from economic development is a castle in the air, and people’s well-being that goes beyond the stage of economic development is even more unsustainable. We must grasp the dialectical and unified relationship between people’s well-being and economic development and achieve a positive interaction between the two. Regarding how to achieve a virtuous cycle of economic development and improvement of people’s well-being, Xi Jinping clearly pointed out, “We must both

发展必须回应人民的期待，让群众得到实际利益。当然，脱离了经济发展的民生也是空中楼阁，超越经济发展阶段的民生更是难以为继，必须把握好民生和经济发展的辩证统一关系，实现两者良性互动。对于如何实现经济发展和民生改善良性循环，习近平明确指出，“既要在经济发展的基础上不断加大保障民生力度，也不要脱离财力作难以兑现的承诺”，“既尽力而为，又量力而行，做那些现实条件下可以做到的事情，让群众得到看得见、摸得着的实惠。决不能开空头支票，也要防止把胃口吊得过高，否则就会失信于民”。这启示我们，改善民生需要处理好尽力而为与量力而行的辩证关系。既要尽力而为，在经济发展可承受的范围内最大限度改善民生，以更大的力度、更实的举措让人民群众有更多获得感。同时，也要量力而行，尊重民生改善和经济发展自身的规律，防止出现故意吊高群众胃口的“空头支票”，避免陷入“高福利陷阱”。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，保障和改善民生不能脱离这个最大实际提出过高目标。要按照守住底线、突出重点、完善制度、引导预期的工作思路，重点是加强基础性、普惠性、兜底性民生保障建设，多做雪中送炭的重点民生工作，多引导和鼓励广大群众通过勤劳致富改善生活。

Part 3. Coordinating the Advancement of Key Tasks Concerning the People’s Livelihood

Part.3统筹推进民生重点工作

To better meet the expectations of the people, and to realize, safeguard, and develop the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people, it is necessary to take Xi Jinping’s important discourses on ensuring and improving the people’s livelihood as the guide, to thoroughly implement the people-centered development philosophy, to adopt more measures that benefit the people’s livelihood and warm their hearts, to make every effort to resolve the pressing, difficult, and troubling problems of the people [n], to coordinate the advancement of key tasks in the areas of the people’s livelihood, such as income distribution, employment, social security, and medical care, to make sustained efforts to ensure that children are cared for, that the young receive an education, that workers are remunerated, that the sick receive medical treatment, that the elderly are provided for, that people have housing, and that the vulnerable are supported, and, on the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, to continuously realize the people’s aspiration for a better life.

为更好满足人民群众的期望，实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民根本利益，要以习近平关于保障和改善民生的重要论述为指引，深入贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想，采取更多惠民生、暖民心举措，着力解决好人民群众急难愁盼问题，统筹推进收入分配、就业、社会保障、医疗等民生重点领域工作，在幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶上持续用力，在全面建设社会主义现代化国家的新征程中不断实现人民对美好生活的向往。

Perfect the distribution system and consolidate the fundamental system for promoting common prosperity. Institutional issues are more fundamental, overarching, stable and long-term in nature. Xi Jinping pointed out that “the distribution system is the fundamental system for promoting common prosperity.” To achieve common prosperity for all the people, on the basis of the whole nation working together to make the “cake” bigger and better, we must, through rational institutional arrangements, construct a rational distribution pattern and cut and divide the “cake” well. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC [9]9 The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, held in October 2022, adopted the report that sets out the Party’s guiding principles and policy directions for the next five years and beyond. clearly set out the goals and requirements for perfecting the distribution system, stating that we must “uphold the principle of distribution according to work as the mainstay and the coexistence of multiple modes of distribution, and construct an institutional system in which primary distribution, redistribution and tertiary distribution are coordinated and complementary.” The systems of primary distribution, redistribution and tertiary distribution each have different functions and roles in promoting common prosperity; the three are both closely linked and mutually distinct. Among them, primary distribution is the foundation, redistribution is the safeguard, and tertiary distribution is the supplement. The three levels of distribution mechanisms coordinate and complement each other, forming a “three-wheel drive” of the market, the government and society for achieving common prosperity. At present, to solidly advance common prosperity by perfecting the distribution system: first, reform the primary distribution system to raise the income level of low- and middle-income groups. Give play to the foundational role of primary distribution, strive to raise the share of household income in the distribution of national income, raise the share of labor remuneration in primary distribution, uphold the principle of more pay for more work, encourage getting rich through hard work, promote equality of opportunity, increase the income of low-income earners, expand the middle-income group, and strive to form an olive-shaped distribution structure with a large middle and small ends. Perfect the policy system for distribution according to factors, distribute according to the contribution of factors of production such as labor, land, capital and data in the production process, explore multiple channels to increase the factor income of low- and middle-income people, and increase urban and rural residents’ property income through multiple channels. Second, perfect the redistribution system and put the concept of shared development into practice. Strengthen the regulatory role of redistribution through taxation, social security and transfer payments, perfect the individual income tax system, promote the equalization of basic public services such as old-age care, medical care, housing and social assistance, perfect the transfer payment system, regulate the order of income distribution, regulate the wealth accumulation mechanism, protect lawful income, regulate excessively high income, and ban illegal income. Third, give play to the regulatory role of tertiary distribution. Establish and perfect the tertiary distribution mechanism, guide and support enterprises, social organizations and individuals that have the will and ability to actively participate in public welfare and charitable undertakings, create a favorable development environment for charitable undertakings, and make the concept of common prosperity deeply rooted in the people’s hearts.

完善分配制度，夯实促进共同富裕的基础性制度。制度问题更带有根本性、全局性、稳定性和长期性。习近平指出，“分配制度是促进共同富裕的基础性制度”。实现全体人民共同富裕，要在全国人民共同奋斗把“蛋糕”做大做好的基础上，通过合理的制度安排，构建合理的分配格局，把“蛋糕”切好分好。党的二十大报告明确完善分配制度的目标要求，指出，“坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，构建初次分配、再分配、第三次分配协调配套的制度体系”。初次分配、再分配和第三次分配制度对于促进共同富裕具有不同的功能和作用，三者既紧密联系又相互区别。其中，初次分配是基础，再分配是保障，第三次分配是补充，三个层次分配机制相互协调、相互配套，形成市场、政府和社会对实现共同富裕的“三轮驱动”。当前，通过完善分配制度扎实推进共同富裕，一是改革初次分配制度，提升中低收入群体收入水平。发挥初次分配的基础性作用，努力提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重，坚持多劳多得，鼓励勤劳致富，促进机会公平，增加低收入者收入，扩大中等收入群体，着力形成中间大、两头小的橄榄型分配结构。完善按要素分配政策制度，根据劳动、土地、资本、数据等生产要素在生产过程中的贡献进行分配，探索多种渠道增加中低收入群众要素收入，多渠道增加城乡居民财产性收入。二是完善再分配制度，将共享发展理念落到实处。加大税收、社会保障、转移支付等再分配的调节力度，完善个人所得税制度，促进养老、医疗、住房、社会救助等基本公共服务均等化，完善转移支付制度，规范收入分配秩序，规范财富积累机制，保护合法收入，调节过高收入，取缔非法收入。三是发挥第三次分配的调节作用。建立健全第三次分配机制，引导、支持有意愿有能力的企业、社会组织和个人积极参与公益慈善事业，为慈善事业营造良好发展环境，让共同富裕观念深入人心。

Implement the strategy of giving priority to employment and promote high-quality and full employment. Employment affects the lives of millions of households and is the greatest project for people’s well-being, the greatest project for winning people’s hearts, and the foundational project. Doing a good job of stabilizing employment concerns people’s well-being and social stability, and concerns economic development and the modernization process. The 20th National Congress of the CPC made important arrangements for doing a good job of employment work, clearly stating that “employment is the most basic form of people’s well-being,” and put forward the higher requirement of “promoting high-quality and full employment” for employment work. This is a goal and requirement set by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, firmly grasping the stage-specific characteristics of China’s development and based on the new situation and new tasks. Full employment means creating more employment opportunities by every possible means and expanding the capacity for employment. Full employment is also high-quality, meaning enhancing the adaptability and stability of employment, steadily increasing workers’ wage income, safeguarding workers’ rights and interests, and providing more reliable social security. To stabilize employment, expanding employment and increasing job positions is the primary task. We must strengthen the employment-first policy, promote a virtuous cycle in which high-quality development and the expansion and quality improvement of employment promote each other, coordinate the urban and rural employment policy systems, remove institutional obstacles that hinder the flow of labor and talent, eliminate unreasonable restrictions that affect equal employment, and enable everyone to have the opportunity to achieve self-development through diligent work. To stabilize employment, optimizing services is the key. We must improve the public employment service system, perfect the employment support system for key groups such as college graduates, ex-servicemen and migrant workers, strengthen employment assistance for difficult groups, improve labor laws and regulations, perfect the coordination and consultation mechanism for labor relations, perfect the system for safeguarding workers’ rights and interests, and strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of workers in flexible employment and new forms of employment. To stabilize employment, we also need to make efforts to alleviate the structural contradiction in employment. We must comprehensively enhance workers’ ability to find employment and start businesses, accelerate the construction of a high-quality education system, perfect the lifelong vocational skills training system, promote the resolution of the structural employment contradiction, perfect the guarantee system for promoting entrepreneurship to drive employment, and support and regulate the development of new forms of employment. Promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, give rise to more new industries, new business forms and new business models, cultivate diversified and multi-level employment demand, and drive more workers to find employment and start businesses.

实施就业优先战略，促进高质量充分就业。就业牵动着千家万户的生活，是最大的民生工程、民心工程、根基工程。做好稳就业工作，事关民生福祉和社会稳定，事关经济发展和现代化进程。党的二十大对做好就业工作作出重要部署，明确提出“就业是最基本的民生”，对就业工作提出了“促进高质量充分就业”的更高要求。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央牢牢把握我国发展的阶段性特征，根据新形势新任务明确的目标要求。充分就业，就要千方百计创造更多就业机会，扩大就业容量。充分就业又是高质量的，就是要增强就业的适配性稳定性，稳步增加劳动者工资性收入，维护劳动者权益，提供更加可靠的社会保障。稳就业，扩大就业、增加就业岗位是首要任务。要强化就业优先政策，推动形成高质量发展与就业扩容提质互促共进的良性循环，统筹城乡就业政策体系，破除妨碍劳动力、人才流动的体制机制障碍，消除影响平等就业的不合理限制，使人人都有通过勤奋劳动实现自身发展的机会。稳就业，优化服务是关键。要健全就业公共服务体系，完善高校毕业生、退役军人、农民工等重点群体就业支持体系，加强困难群体就业兜底帮扶，健全劳动法律法规，完善劳动关系协商协调机制，完善劳动者权益保障制度，加强灵活就业和新就业形态劳动者权益保障。稳就业，还需在缓解就业结构性矛盾上下功夫。要全面提升劳动者就业创业能力，加快建设高质量教育体系，健全终身职业技能培训制度，推动解决结构性就业矛盾，完善促进创业带动就业的保障制度，支持和规范发展新就业形态。推动数字经济和实体经济深度融合，催生更多新产业新业态新商业模式，培育多元化多层次就业需求，带动更多劳动者就业创业。

Improve the multi-level social security system to provide the people with more reliable and more adequate protection. Social security is a basic institutional guarantee for safeguarding and improving people’s well-being, maintaining social fairness and enhancing the people’s welfare. It is an important institutional arrangement for holding the bottom line of people’s well-being and enabling the broad masses of the people to share the fruits of reform and development. It plays the role of a safety net for people’s livelihood security, a regulator of income distribution, and a shock absorber for economic operations. China has basically built the world’s largest social security system, with social insurance as the main body, including systems such as social assistance, social welfare and social special care, laying a solid foundation for the people to create a better life and creating favorable conditions for promoting common prosperity. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC clarified the main targets and tasks for China’s development in the next five years, including “making the multi-level social security system more complete,” and made strategic deployments for improving the social security system, requiring us to “improve the multi-level social security system that covers the entire population, coordinates urban and rural areas, is fair and unified, safe and standardized, and sustainable,” pointing the direction for promoting the high-quality development of the social security cause on the new journey. At present, China has embarked on the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and entered the historical stage of solidly advancing common prosperity. We must take improving people’s well-being and promoting social fairness as the fundamental starting point and goal of developing the social security cause, and continuously meet the multi-level and diverse needs of the people. First, expand the coverage of social security. Increase the intensity of redistribution, strengthen the function of mutual assistance and mutual aid, bring more people into the social security system, and further tighten the social security safety net. Improve the social security system for flexible employment personnel, and expand the coverage of unemployment, work-related injury and maternity insurance. Perfect the policy for assisting difficult groups to participate in insurance, and strive to achieve full coverage of those who should be insured and full coverage of the statutory population. Develop a multi-level and multi-pillar old-age insurance system, and strive to achieve the goal of providing for the elderly, enabling them to contribute and enjoy life. Second, coordinate the promotion of urban and rural social security system construction. Explore social security policies that coordinate urban and rural areas and adapt to large-scale population mobility. Strengthen the connection between urban and rural social security systems, gradually narrow the gap in financing and treatment between employees and residents, and between urban and rural areas, and gradually raise the level of basic pensions for urban and rural residents. Third, enhance the fairness and uniformity of the social security system. Give full play to the important function of social security as a regulator of income distribution, and perfect the national pooling system for basic old-age insurance. Improve the financing and benefit adjustment mechanisms for basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance, and promote provincial-level pooling of basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance and work-related injury insurance. Accelerate the improvement of a nationally unified public service platform for social security, and enhance the level of equalization and convenience of social security public services. Fourth, improve the supervision system for social security funds. Severely crack down on illegal acts such as fraudulent insurance claims, fraudulent collection of insurance funds, or embezzlement and misappropriation of various social security funds, and safeguard every penny of the people’s “old-age money,” “life-saving money” and every “relief fund” and “charity fund.”

健全多层次社会保障体系，为人民群众提供更可靠更充分的保障。社会保障是保障和改善民生、维护社会公平、增进人民福祉的基本制度保障，是兜牢民生底线、让广大人民群众共享改革发展成果的重要制度安排，发挥着民生保障安全网、收入分配调节器、经济运行减震器的作用。我国基本建成以社会保险为主体，包括社会救助、社会福利、社会优抚等制度在内的世界上规模最大的社会保障体系，为人民创造美好生活奠定了坚实基础，为促进共同富裕创造了有利条件。党的二十大报告明确了未来五年我国发展的主要目标任务，其中包括“多层次社会保障体系更加健全”，并对健全社会保障体系作出战略部署，要求“健全覆盖全民、统筹城乡、公平统一、安全规范、可持续的多层次社会保障体系”，为在新征程上推动社会保障事业高质量发展指明了方向。当前，我国已经踏上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，进入扎实推进共同富裕的历史阶段，要把增进民生福祉、促进社会公平作为发展社会保障事业的根本出发点和落脚点，不断满足人民群众多层次多样化需求。一是要扩大社会保障覆盖面。加大再分配力度，强化互助共济功能，把更多人纳入社会保障体系，进一步织密社会保障安全网。健全灵活就业人员社保制度，扩大失业、工伤、生育保险的覆盖面。完善困难群体参保帮扶政策，努力实现应保尽保和法定人群全覆盖。发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系，努力实现老有所养、老有所为、老有所乐。二是要统筹推进城乡社会保障体系建设。探索适应人口大规模流动的城乡统筹的社会保障政策。加强城镇与农村社会保障制度衔接，逐步缩小职工与居民、城市与农村的筹资和保障待遇差距，逐步提高城乡居民基本养老金水平。三是要增强社会保障制度的公平统一性。充分发挥社会保障作为收入分配调节器的重要功能，完善基本养老保险全国统筹制度。健全基本养老、基本医疗保险筹资和待遇调整机制，推动基本医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险省级统筹。加快完善全国统一的社会保险公共服务平台，提升社会保险公共服务均等化和便捷化水平。四是要健全社会保障基金监管体系。严厉打击欺诈骗保、套保或挪用贪占各类社会保障资金的违法行为，守护好人民群众的每一分“养老钱”“保命钱”和每一笔“救助款”“慈善款”。

Advance the building of a Healthy China, and safeguard the people’s health in all respects and throughout the life cycle. Xi Jinping has pointed out, “The most important indicator of modernization is still the people’s health; this is the foundation of the people’s happy life.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has placed the safeguarding of the people’s health in a more prominent position, elevated “Healthy China” to a national strategy, and made every effort to solve this worldwide problem of medical reform. The basic framework of a medical and health system with Chinese characteristics has been basically established, and the fairness and accessibility of the people’s health status and basic medical and health services have continued to improve. As the level of economic and social development and the people’s living standards continue to rise, the people place greater importance on the quality of life and health security, and health needs exhibit characteristics of diversification and differentiation. The people not only require access to medical treatment and good medical treatment, but also hope not to get sick or to get sick less often, to have a more comfortable medical experience and more considerate services, and they place higher expectations on the government’s safeguarding of the people’s health and provision of basic health and health services. At the National Conference on Health and Health, Xi Jinping put forward the goal and task of “accelerating the building of a Healthy China, and striving to safeguard the people’s health in all respects and throughout the life cycle.” “In all respects and throughout the life cycle” is a major innovation in the concept of health management. It emphasizes taking the human life cycle as the main line, carrying out continuous health management and services for different stages from infancy to old age, comprehensively managing the factors affecting health, requiring the prevention and control of major diseases at the source, and realizing a shift from a treatment-centered approach to a health-centered approach. To safeguard the people’s health in all respects and throughout the life cycle, it is necessary to implement the principle of prevention first and innovate mechanisms and working methods. In response to the main health problems and influencing factors of urban and rural residents, focus on key populations, optimize strategies and measures for the prevention and control of major diseases, extensively carry out health actions involving the whole population in co-construction and sharing, advocate civilized, healthy, green and environmentally friendly lifestyles, attach importance to mental hygiene and psychological health, promote the inheritance, innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine, and give play to its unique advantages in treating disease before it arises. It is necessary to take reform and innovation as the driving force, continue to deepen the reform of the medical and health system, and promote the coordinated development and governance of medical insurance, medical services, and pharmaceuticals. Promote the expansion of high-quality medical resources and their balanced regional distribution, strengthen the health management of major chronic diseases, and improve the capacity for disease prevention, treatment and health management at the grassroots level. Deepen the reform of public hospitals oriented toward public welfare, and regulate the development of private hospitals. Develop and expand the medical and health workforce, focusing work on rural areas and communities. It is necessary to take safety as the bottom line and weave a tight public health protection network. Innovate the mechanism for medical-prevention coordination and medical-prevention integration, improve the public health system, and strengthen the construction of a major epidemic prevention, control and treatment system and emergency response capacity. It is necessary to take an age-friendly society as the goal and actively respond to population aging. Implement the national strategy for actively responding to population aging, develop the elderly care cause and the elderly care industry, optimize services for the elderly living alone, and promote the realization of basic elderly care services for all elderly people. Optimize the population development strategy, establish a fertility support policy system, and reduce the costs of childbirth, child-rearing, and education.

推进健康中国建设，全方位全周期保障人民健康。习近平指出，“现代化最重要的指标还是人民健康，这是人民幸福生活的基础”。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把维护人民健康摆在更加突出的位置，把“健康中国”上升为国家战略，着力破解医改这道世界性难题，中国特色基本医疗卫生制度框架基本建立，人民健康状况和基本医疗卫生服务的公平性可及性持续改善。随着经济社会发展水平和人民生活水平不断提高，人民群众更加重视生命质量和健康安全，健康需要呈现多样化、差异化的特点。人民群众不但要求看得上病、看得好病，更希望不得病、少得病，看病更舒心、服务更体贴，对政府保障人民健康、提供基本卫生与健康服务寄予更高期望。在全国卫生与健康大会上，习近平提出“加快推进健康中国建设，努力全方位、全周期保障人民健康”的目标任务。“全方位全周期”是健康管理理念的重大创新，它强调以人的生命周期为主线，对从婴儿期到老年期等不同阶段进行连续的健康管理和服务，对影响健康的因素进行综合治理，要求从源头上预防和控制重大疾病，实现以治病为中心转向以健康为中心。全方位全周期保障人民健康，要贯彻预防为主的方针，创新机制和工作方式。针对城乡居民主要健康问题和影响因素，聚焦重点人群，优化重大疾病防控策略措施，广泛开展全民共建共享的健康行动，倡导文明健康绿色环保的生活方式，重视精神卫生和心理健康，促进中医药传承创新发展，发挥其治未病的独特优势。要以改革创新为动力，持续深化医药卫生体制改革，促进医保、医疗、医药协同发展和治理。促进优质医疗资源扩容和区域均衡布局，加强重大慢性病健康管理，提高基层防病治病和健康管理能力。深化以公益性为导向的公立医院改革，规范民营医院发展。发展壮大医疗卫生队伍，把工作重点放在农村和社区。要以安全为底线，织牢公共卫生防护网。创新医防协同、医防融合机制，健全公共卫生体系，加强重大疫情防控救治体系和应急能力建设。要以老年友好型社会为目标，积极应对人口老龄化。实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略，发展养老事业和养老产业，优化孤寡老人服务，推动实现全体老年人享有基本养老服务。优化人口发展战略，建立生育支持政策体系，降低生育、养育、教育成本。

Source: *Modern Philosophy Journal*, November 1, 2024

文章来源：《现代哲学杂志》2024年11月1日

Online Editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆