The Ideological Connotations of Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on Student Mental Health

With the rapid economic and social development, the environment in which students grow up is constantly changing, and the issue of student mental health is becoming increasingly prominent. Student mental health is a major matter of concern to the Party Central Committee, to society, and to the people. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to student mental health work. Xi Jinping has delivered multiple important speeches and instructions on student mental health issues in the report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC, the report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, the National Conference on Health and Wellness, the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities, the National Education Conference, the Conference Commemorating the Centenary of the May Fourth Movement, and during inspections in Fujian, Liaoning, and other places. Xi Jinping pointed out that greater attention should be paid to the significance of health for a happy life, emphasizing the educational concept of putting health first; greater attention should be paid to cultivating a healthy social mentality, emphasizing the cultivation of a social mentality of self-respect and self-confidence, rationality and equanimity, positivity and upward striving, and kindness and fraternity; greater attention should be paid to “simultaneous development of the five domains of education”[1]1 The “five domains of education” (五育) refer to moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education., emphasizing moral education to cultivate the heart, intellectual education to enlighten the mind, physical education to strengthen the body, aesthetic education to nourish the soul, and labor education to fortify the spirit; greater attention should be paid to basic research, emphasizing the improvement of the social psychological service system and mechanisms for guidance and crisis intervention. Mental health concerns not only the healthy growth of students and the cultivation of a healthy social mentality, but also constitutes an important answer to the fundamental educational question of the New Era: “what kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them.” A profound understanding and exploration of the ideological connotations of Xi Jinping’s important discourses on student mental health will provide an important theoretical foundation and practical guidance for student mental health education work in the New Era and for cultivating socialist builders and successors who are well-developed morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and labor-wise.

随着经济社会快速发展，学生成长环境不断变化，学生心理健康问题日益凸显。学生心理健康是党中央关心、社会关注、人民关切的大事。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视学生心理健康工作。习近平在党的十九大报告、二十大报告、全国卫生与健康大会、全国高校思想政治工作会议、全国教育大会、纪念五四运动100周年大会，以及在福建、辽宁等地考察时针对学生心理健康问题多次发表重要讲话和指示。习近平指出，要更加重视健康对于幸福生活的重要意义，强调树立健康第一的教育理念；要更加重视建设健康社会心态，强调培育自尊自信、理性平和、积极向上、亲善友爱的社会心态；要更加重视“五育并举”，强调以德育心、以智慧心、以体强心、以美润心、以劳健心；要更加重视基础研究，强调健全社会心理服务体系和疏导机制、危机干预机制。心理健康不仅关乎学生健康成长和健康社会心态的培育，也是对新时代“培养什么人、如何培养人、为谁培养人”这个教育根本问题的重要回答。深刻领会和探讨习近平总书记关于学生心理健康重要论述的思想内涵，将为新时代学生心理健康教育工作以及培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人提供重要理论基础和实践指导。

I. Health Is an Important Indicator of a Happy Life

一、健康是幸福生活的重要指标

Implementing the Healthy China strategy and emphasizing mental and psychological health. Health is an inevitable requirement for promoting the comprehensive development of people, a basic condition for economic and social development, an important marker of national prosperity and strength, and a common pursuit of the broad masses of the people. On March 23, 2021, during an inspection and research trip in Fujian, Xi Jinping emphasized, “Health is the most important indicator of a happy life. Health is 1, and everything else is the zeros after it. Without the 1, no matter how many zeros there are, they are meaningless.” The report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC proposed “implementing the Healthy China strategy,” requiring the improvement of national health policies to provide comprehensive, full-cycle health services for the people. The report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC clearly stated that in implementing the Healthy China strategy, it is necessary to “emphasize mental health and mental hygiene.” Entering the New Era, “the principal contradiction facing Chinese society has evolved into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.” The content of the people’s needs for a better life is broader; it includes not only objective “hard needs” such as material goods and physical health, but also derived “soft needs” related to the higher-level psychological and spiritual world, such as a sense of gain, happiness, and security. The emphasis on the people’s mental health is both a response by the Party and the state to the people’s needs for a better life and a vivid manifestation of adhering to a people-centered approach in the New Era.

实施健康中国战略、重视精神和心理健康。健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求，是经济社会发展的基础条件，是民族昌盛和国家富强的重要标志，也是广大人民群众的共同追求。2021年3月23日，习近平在福建考察调研时强调，“健康是幸福生活最重要的指标，健康是1，其他是后面的0，没有1，再多的0也没有意义”。党的十九大报告中提出，“实施健康中国战略”，要完善国民健康政策，为人民群众提供全方位全周期健康服务。党的二十大报告明确指出了在实施健康中国战略中要“重视心理健康和精神卫生”。进入新时代，“我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾”。人民美好生活需要的内容更广泛，它不仅包括物质和身体健康这些客观“硬需要”，还包括其衍生的获得感、幸福感、安全感等与高级心理和精神世界相关的“软需要”。对民众心理健康的重视，既是党和国家对人民美好生活需要的回应，也是新时代坚持人民至上的生动体现。

Establishing the educational concept of putting health first. Young students “are not only the experiencers and witnesses of achieving the First Centenary Goal[2]2 The First Centenary Goal is the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the centenary of the CPC’s founding in 2021., but also the vital force for achieving the Second Centenary Goal[3]3 The Second Centenary Goal is the goal of building a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful by the centenary of the People’s Republic of China’s founding in 2049. and building a great modern socialist country.” Young students are the future and hope of the nation, and their health is directly related to the country’s future development. Xi Jinping is highly concerned about and attaches great importance to the health issues of students, emphasizing that “the educational concept of putting health first must be established.” “Education is an important pathway to improving the comprehensive quality of the people and promoting their comprehensive development, and it is a cornerstone of national rejuvenation and social progress.” The core of “establishing the educational concept of putting health first” lies in regarding health as the most fundamental and crucial principle in the field of education. It is not only a profound concern for the personal well-being of students but also a deep understanding and practice of the essence and goals of education. The ultimate purpose of education is not to cultivate test-taking machines, but to cultivate future citizens with sound personalities, independent thinking abilities, innovative spirit, and a sense of social responsibility. The realization of all this is inseparable from the foundation of “health.” Without health, the learning and mastery of any knowledge and skills would be impossible or greatly diminished.

树立健康第一的教育理念。青年学生“既是实现第一个百年奋斗目标的经历者、见证者，更是实现第二个百年奋斗目标、建设社会主义现代化强国的生力军”。青年学生是国家的未来和希望，他们的健康直接关系到国家的未来发展。习近平高度关心和重视学生的健康问题，强调“要树立健康第一的教育理念”。“教育是提高人民综合素质、促进人的全面发展的重要途径，是民族振兴、社会进步的重要基石”，“树立健康第一的教育理念”核心在于将健康视为教育领域中最为基础且至关重要的原则。它不仅是对学生个人福祉的深切关怀，更是对教育本质和目标的深刻理解与践行。教育的最终目的不是为了培养应试的机器，而是为了培养具有健全人格、独立思考能力、创新精神和社会责任感的未来公民。而这一切的实现，都离不开“健康”这一基础。没有健康，任何知识和技能的学习和掌握都将无从谈起或将大打折扣。

Emphasizing the cultivation of physical and psychological qualities. Xi Jinping emphasized that in the process of cultivating socialist builders and successors who are well-developed morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and labor-wise, “the cultivation of students’ ideals and beliefs, moral character, knowledge and intelligence, physical and psychological qualities, and other aspects is indispensable.” This concept emphasizes comprehensiveness and systematicity in the educational process. It requires educators not only to pay attention to students’ physical health status but also to their mental health and the development of social adaptability; not only to focus on improving the quality of classroom teaching and enhancing students’ intelligence but also to strengthen and improve extracurricular sports activities, mental health education, and other aspects. Only in this way can the educational concept of “health first” be truly implemented throughout the entire educational process. “Civilize the spirit, barbarize the physique”[4]4 “Civilize the spirit, barbarize the physique” (文明其精神，野蛮其体魄) is a phrase from Mao Zedong’s 1917 essay “A Study of Physical Education.”, cultivating New Era successors who are physically strong, mentally healthy, have sound personalities, and are full of vitality, is one of the important contents of the connotation of education in the New Era. Only on the basis of simultaneously emphasizing and ensuring the physical and mental health of young students can they better take up the historical baton, truly become pillars of talent, ensure that the red river of mountains[5]5 “Red river of mountains” (红色江山) is a metaphorical term for the socialist political power established and led by the CPC. has successors, and that the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics can be passed down from generation to generation.

重视身体和心理素质的培养。习近平强调，在培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人的过程中，“学生的理想信念、道德品质、知识智力、身体和心理素质等各方面的培养缺一不可”。这一理念强调了教育过程中的全面性和系统性。它要求教育者不仅要关注学生的身体健康状况，还要关注他们的心理健康和社会适应能力的发展；不仅要注重课堂教学质量的提升和学生智力的提升，还要注重课外体育活动、心理健康教育等环节的加强和完善。只有这样，才能真正实现“健康第一”的教育理念在教育全过程中的贯彻落实。“文明其精神，野蛮其体魄”，培养出体魄强健、心理健康、人格健全、充满朝气的新时代接班人，是新时代教育内涵的重要内容之一。只有在同时重视和保证青年学生身体和心理健康的基础上，才能让青年学生更好地接过历史的接力棒，使之真正成为栋梁之材，红色江山才能后继有人、中国特色社会主义事业才能薪火相传。

Guiding students to be self-respecting, self-confident, self-reliant, and self-strong. “Youth are the most active and energetic force in the whole of society. The hope of the country lies in the youth, and the future of the nation lies in the youth.” Cultivating the healthy psychology of students in the New Era concerns their growth and success, the construction of a harmonious society, and the ability of the new generation to shoulder the great task of national rejuvenation. Xi Jinping pointed out: “The value orientation of the youth determines the value orientation of the entire future society, and since the youth are in the period of forming and establishing their values, it is very important to grasp the cultivation of values during this period.” “We must clearly and unequivocally strengthen ideological and political education, moral education, and education on the core socialist values, guiding students to be self-respecting, self-confident, self-reliant, and self-strong.” Therefore, paying attention to the mental health of young students, cultivating their psychological qualities of loving life, cherishing life, self-respect and self-confidence, rationality and equanimity, optimism and upward striving, as well as their will qualities of unremitting struggle, remaining unperturbed in the face of favor or disgrace, and indomitable perseverance, and helping them establish a correct value system, is conducive to leading and driving the overall implementation of the Healthy China strategy.

引导学生自尊自信自立自强。“青年是整个社会力量中最积极、最有生气的力量，国家的希望在青年，民族的未来在青年。”培育新时代学生的健康心理，事关学生成长成才、事关和谐社会构建、事关时代新人担当民族复兴大任。习近平指出：“青年的价值取向决定了未来整个社会的价值取向，而青年又处在价值观形成和确立的时期，抓好这一时期的价值观养成十分重要。”“要旗帜鲜明加强思想政治教育、品德教育，加强社会主义核心价值观教育，引导学生自尊自信自立自强。”因此，关注青年学生心理健康，培育学生热爱生活、珍视生命、自尊自信、理性平和、乐观向上的心理品质和不懈奋斗、宠辱不惊、百折不挠的意志品质，帮助他们建立正确的价值体系，有利于引领和带动健康中国战略的整体实施。

II. Mental Health Is an Important Manifestation of a Healthy Social Mentality

二、心理健康是健康社会心态的重要体现

“Social mentality is a reflection of social reality, a window through which the relationships between individuals and groups, individuals and society, and individuals and the state are reflected.” A good social mentality is a prerequisite for social development and stability, and the social psychological foundation for effective social governance and its innovation. The report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC pointed out the need to “cultivate a social mentality of self-respect and self-confidence, rationality and equanimity, and positivity and upward striving.” In 2019, at the Central Conference on Political and Legal Affairs, Xi Jinping also mentioned the need to “shape a social mentality of self-respect and self-confidence, rationality and equanimity, and kindness and fraternity.” This indicates that in the New Era, the Party and government attach particular importance to the social mentality of the people and are highly conscious of cultivating a healthy social mentality that meets the requirements of New Era development. Mental health is the harmony of an individual’s spiritual world, while a healthy social mentality is the manifestation of mental health at the group level. The social mentalities of self-respect and self-confidence, rationality and equanimity, kindness and fraternity, and positivity and upward striving are an organic whole that are interconnected and mutually reinforcing. Together, they constitute a powerful driving force for promoting social progress and development, and are also an important psychological foundation for building a happy China and a harmonious society, which is of great significance for the healthy physical and mental growth of students.

“社会心态是社会现实的折射，是反映个人与群体、个人与社会、个人与国家关系的一扇窗口”。良好的社会心态是社会发展稳定的前提，是社会治理及其创新得以有效进行的社会心理基础。党的十九大报告中指出要“培育自尊自信、理性平和、积极向上的社会心态”。 2019年，习近平在中央政法工作会议中也提到要“塑造自尊自信、理性平和、亲善友爱的社会心态”。这表明新时代党和政府对民众社会心态格外重视、对培育适应新时代发展要求的健康社会心态高度自觉。心理健康是个体精神世界的和谐，健康社会心态则是心理健康在群体层面的体现。自尊自信、理性平和、亲善友爱以及积极向上的社会心态是相互联系、相互促进的有机整体，共同构成了推动社会进步和发展的强大动力，也是我们建设幸福中国与和谐社会的重要心理基础，对学生身心健康成长，具有重要意义。

“Self-respect and self-confidence” are the important foundation of a healthy social mentality. “Self-respect” refers to an individual’s feeling of their own value and dignity, a manifestation of self-affirmation and self-identity. “Self-confidence” is the confidence, based on self-value affirmation, that one can complete specific tasks. In social life, people should actively display their abilities and value, and be able to confidently and courageously face new challenges and opportunities, thereby continuously enhancing their own abilities and value. This social mentality of self-respect and self-confidence helps to enhance an individual’s sense of self-worth and social responsibility, thereby promoting social progress and development. At the same time, self-respect and self-confidence are also an important manifestation of the spirit and bearing of the Chinese nation, and the cultural foundation for our Party’s adherence to self-confidence and self-reliance. Xi Jinping emphasized in the report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC: “The whole Party must more consciously enhance confidence in the path, confidence in the theory, confidence in the system, and confidence in the culture.” [6]6 The “Four Confidences” (四个自信) are confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Since the founding of New China, under the leadership of the CPC, China’s economic construction has achieved great accomplishments that have attracted worldwide attention. None of these achievements could have been made without the self-respect and self-confidence of our Party, our country, and our people. Self-respect and self-confidence are a powerful driving force for pioneering and forging ahead, and a spiritual support leading to brightness. Only with sufficient self-confidence can a country, a nation, or a political party truly establish itself and firmly march toward the future.

“自尊自信”是健康社会心态的重要基石。“自尊”是指个人对自己价值和尊严的感受，是自我肯定和自我认同的体现。“自信”则是在自我价值肯定的基础上，人们对自己能够完成特定任务的信心。在社会生活中，人们应该积极展示自己的能力和价值，并且能够自信勇敢地面对新的挑战和机会，从而不断提升自己的能力和价值。这种自尊自信的社会心态有助于提升个人的自我价值感和社会责任感，从而推动社会的进步和发展。同时，自尊自信也是中华民族精神气度的重要体现，是我们党坚持自信自立的文化根基。习近平在党的十九大报告中强调：“全党要更加自觉地增强道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信。”新中国成立以来，在中国共产党领导下，我国经济建设取得举世瞩目的伟大成就，所有成绩的取得离不开我们党、我们国家、我们人民的自尊自信。自尊自信是开拓奋进的强大动力，是通往光明的精神支撑。只有拥有足够自信，一个国家、一个民族、一个政党，才能真正安身立命，坚定地走向未来。

“Rationality and calmness” are the prominent characteristics of a healthy social mentality. “Rationality” refers to people’s calm thinking and objective analysis when facing problems, without blindly following trends or acting impulsively. “Calmness” emphasizes inner peace and harmony, avoiding the influence of negative emotions such as excessive anxiety, irritability, and anger. We must adhere to active guidance, timely guidance, and in-depth guidance, focusing on resolving doubts, clarifying confusion, and channeling emotions, to shape a rational and calm social mentality. Although a rational, calm, striving, enterprising, open, and inclusive mentality has always been the mainstream of society, in modern society, various information and emotions spread rapidly through social networks, easily triggering extreme emotions and behaviors in people and affecting social harmony and stability. In addition, with social development and intensified competition, some groups have also shown a mentality of utilitarianism, impetuosity, bigotry, extremism, passivity, and apathy. Therefore, in social life, people should handle various problems and contradictions with a rational and calm mentality, promoting social harmony, stability, and development. This rational and calm social mentality helps to form scientific decision-making and good social order, laying the foundation for long-term social stability and security.

“理性平和”是健康社会心态的突出特点。“理性”是指人们在面对问题时的冷静思考和客观分析，不盲目跟风或冲动行事。“平和”则强调内心的平静与和谐，避免过度焦虑、急躁和愤怒等负面情绪的影响。我们要坚持主动引导、及时引导、深度引导，着力解疑释惑、疏导情绪，塑造理性平和的社会心态。尽管理性平和、奋发进取、开放包容的心态一直是社会主流，但在现代社会，各种信息和情绪通过社交网络迅速传播，容易引发人们的极端情绪和行为，并影响到社会和谐稳定。此外，随着社会的发展、竞争的加剧，部分群体也表现出功利浮躁、偏执极端、消极冷漠的心态。因此，在社会生活中，人们应该以理性平和的心态去处理各种问题和矛盾，促进社会的和谐稳定与发展。这种理性平和的社会心态有助于形成科学决策和良好的社会秩序，为社会的长治久安奠定基础。

“Kindness and fraternity” are the value pursuit of a healthy social mentality. “Kindness and fraternity” refers to the psychological state and social atmosphere of mutual respect, care, help, and friendliness that generally exists among social members. It emphasizes harmonious coexistence between people, advocates treating those around with goodwill and love, and creating a warm and harmonious social environment. This mentality prompts people to actively care about the needs and feelings of others, be willing to lend a hand to help others solve difficulties, and enhance mutual friendship and trust. Under a social mentality of “kindness and fraternity,” people can transcend personal interests, focus on collective well-being, and jointly promote social harmony and progress. Kindness and fraternity are also important components of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, not only embodying the sense of community of the Chinese nation and the spirit of collectivism, but also being important values for maintaining harmonious social development.

“亲善友爱”是健康社会心态的价值追求。“亲善友爱”是指在社会成员之间普遍存在的相互尊重、关心、帮助和友善的心理状态和社会氛围。它强调人与人之间的和谐共处，倡导以善意和爱心对待周围的人，营造温馨、和睦的社会环境。这种心态促使人们主动关心他人的需求和感受，愿意伸出援手帮助他人解决困难，增进彼此之间的友谊和信任。在“亲善友爱”的社会心态下，人们能够超越个人利益，关注集体福祉，共同促进社会的和谐与进步。亲善与友爱也是中华民族传统美德的重要组成部分，不仅体现了中华民族共同体意识和集体主义精神，也是维护社会和谐发展的重要价值观。

“Positivity and upward striving” are the goal orientation of a healthy social mentality. “Positivity and upward striving” means that people are full of confidence and hope for the future, and maintain love and pursuit of life. “Positivity and upward striving” also means that individuals hold an optimistic and enterprising attitude when facing life. People believe that through their own efforts and unremitting struggle, they can overcome various difficulties and challenges and achieve personal goals and value. This mentality prompts people to continuously learn new knowledge, master new skills, dare to try new things, and dare to break through self-limitations, thereby moving forward on the path of personal growth and development. When the majority of social members hold a positive and upward-striving mentality, people will believe that through the joint efforts and struggle of the whole society, a better future can be created. At the same time, this positive and upward-striving social atmosphere can stimulate people’s creativity and enterprising spirit, promoting continuous social progress. It drives all social members to more actively participate and devote themselves to the construction of the socialist cause, contributing their own strength to social prosperity and development. This confidence and expectation prompt people to continuously pursue progress and excellence, striving hard to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

“积极向上”是健康社会心态的目标指向。“积极向上”意味着人们对未来充满信心和希望，对生活保持热爱和追求。“积极向上”也意味着个体在面对生活时持有乐观、进取的态度。人们相信通过自身的努力和不懈奋斗，能够克服各种困难和挑战，实现个人的目标和价值。这种心态促使人们不断学习新知识、掌握新技能，勇于尝试新事物，敢于突破自我限制，从而在个人成长和发展的道路上不断前行。当大多数社会成员都持有积极向上的心态时，人们就会相信通过全社会的共同努力和奋斗，能够创造出更加美好的未来。同时这种积极向上的社会氛围能够激发人们的创造力和进取精神，推动社会不断向前发展。带动全体社会成员更加主动地参与和投身到社会主义事业的建设中，为社会的繁荣和发展贡献自己的力量。这种信心和期待促使人们不断追求进步和卓越，为实现中华民族的伟大复兴而努力奋斗。

III. “Simultaneous Development of the Five Domains of Education” [7]7 “Simultaneous development of the five domains of education” (五育并举) refers to the coordinated development of moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education. Is the Path to Realizing Student Mental Health

三、“五育并举”是学生心理健康的实现路径

Strengthening the integration of mental health education with the cultivation system of comprehensive development in moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education, “simultaneous development of the five domains of education,” is not only the goal of education, but also the process of advancement, and even more so the path of realization. Xi Jinping has emphasized on multiple occasions the important role of the “five domains of education” in promoting student mental health. Therefore, in the educational process, we must not only adhere to “simultaneous development of the five domains of education,” but also adhere to “the integration of the ‘five domains of education’ with mental health,” using moral education to cultivate the heart, intellectual education to enlighten the mind, physical education to strengthen the body, aesthetic education to nourish the spirit, and labor education to build a healthy mind, embedding the promotion of mental health throughout the entire process of education.

加强心理健康教育与德智体美劳全面发展培养体系的融合，“五育并举”，既是育人目标，也是推进过程，更是实现路径。习近平多次在不同场合强调了“五育”对于促进学生心理健康的重要作用。因此在教育过程中既要坚持“五育并举”，更要坚持“‘五育’与心理健康相融合”，以德育心、以智慧心、以体强心、以美润心、以劳健心，将促进心理健康贯穿育人全过程。

Using moral education to cultivate the heart: the foundation of education lies in establishing virtue. Xi Jinping emphasized: “Without virtue, a person cannot stand; moral character is the foundation of being human.” “Morality has fundamental significance for both the individual and society; the first priority in conducting oneself and handling affairs is to esteem virtue and cultivate one’s character.” [8]8 This is a classical Chinese saying, originally from the *Zuo Zhuan* (《左传》), meaning that without virtue a person cannot establish themselves. We must work hard to strengthen moral cultivation, educate and guide students to cultivate and practice the core socialist values, earnestly cultivate moral character, and become people with great love, great virtue, and great sentiment, “achieving the cultivation of the body through virtue, the goodness of the heart through public morality, and the forging of the soul through great virtue.” Moral education is not only the transmission of moral knowledge and the normative learning of moral behavior; more importantly, it must penetrate into the inner world of students, guiding them through moral education to establish a correct worldview, outlook on life, and value system, and cultivating their noble moral sentiments and good psychological qualities. Through moral education, students can better understand social moral norms and enhance their moral cognitive abilities. The improvement of this ability helps students form correct moral value judgments and behavioral choices, enabling them to make wise decisions when facing complex social situations. Through moral education, students can cultivate positive moral emotions such as love for the motherland, love for the collective, and love for the people. These emotions can nourish students’ hearts, enabling them to maintain firm beliefs and a positive mentality when facing difficulties and challenges. Moral education also emphasizes the practice of moral behavior. Through participation in various moral education activities and practices, students can transform moral knowledge into practical actions, forming good behavioral habits and moral qualities. This practical process not only exercises students’ willpower and character, but also deepens their understanding and identification with moral values. Moral education, by deepening students’ moral cognition, stimulates their positive moral emotions, and then promotes the conscious practice of their moral behavior, achieving the goal of cultivating the heart through moral education, allowing every student to sow the seeds of morality deep in their hearts and bloom with flowers of kindness and beauty.

以德育心，育人的根本在于立德。习近平强调：“人无德不立，品德是为人之本。”“道德之于个人、之于社会，都具有基础性意义，做人做事第一位的是崇德修身。”要在加强品德修养上下功夫，教育引导学生培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，踏踏实实修好品德，成为有大爱大德大情怀的人，“做到品德润身、公德善心、大德铸魂”。德育不仅仅是道德知识的传授和道德行为的规范学习，更重要的是要深入学生的内心世界，通过德育引导学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，培养其高尚的道德情操和良好的心理品质。通过德育，学生能够更好地理解社会道德规范，提升道德认知能力。这种能力的提升有助于学生形成正确的道德价值判断和行为选择，在面对复杂的社会情境时能够做出明智的决策。通过德育，能够培养学生热爱祖国、热爱集体、热爱人民等积极向上的道德情感。这些情感能够滋养学生的心灵，使其在面对困难和挑战时能够保持坚定的信念和积极的心态。德育还强调道德行为的实践，通过参与各种德育活动和实践，学生能够将道德知识转化为实际行动，形成良好的行为习惯和道德品质。这种实践过程不仅能够锻炼学生的意志品质，还能够加深其对道德价值的理解和认同。德育通过深化学生的道德认知，激发其积极向上的道德情感，进而促进其道德行为的自觉践行，实现以德育心的目标，让每一位学生都能在心灵的深处播下道德的种子，绽放出善良与美好的花朵。

Use wisdom to nourish the heart, increasing knowledge and broadening experience through learning. Xi Jinping emphasized, “Make efforts to increase knowledge and broaden experience,” “educate and guide students to cherish their study time, concentrate on seeking knowledge and learning,” “broaden experience, enrich learning,” and “advance in the direction of seeking truth, understanding principles, and clarifying reason.” “To aspire to become talented, one must study diligently, improve overall quality, and strive to cultivate moral character, set lofty aspirations, be diligent in learning and pursue excellence, strengthen physical fitness and maintain a healthy body and mind, temper willpower, and persevere with resilience.” Intellectual education aims to systematically develop and enhance students’ intellectual abilities through educational means, including cognitive capacities such as observation, memory, imagination, thinking, and creativity, to help students achieve the goals of mastering knowledge, developing abilities, and raising the level of wisdom. It is evident that intellectual education activities essentially fall within the category of psychological activities and hold significant importance for the comprehensive development of human beings. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Reading can keep one’s thinking active, inspire wisdom, and nourish one’s noble spirit.” Reading is for understanding principles, and understanding principles is for self-cultivation. The learning of knowledge not only makes students more intellectually sharp and more learned in scholarship but also helps them develop a profound understanding and insight into life, the world, and the self, forming a healthy social mentality and positive self-awareness. Schools must respect the laws of students’ cognitive development and the laws of education and teaching, continuously optimize the content and methods of education and teaching, and through education, not only make students intellectually sharp but also psychologically agile, thereby achieving the goal of using wisdom to nourish the heart.

以智慧心，在学习中增长知识、丰富见识。习近平强调，“要在增长知识见识上下功夫”，“教育引导学生珍惜学习时光，心无旁骛求知问学”，“增长见识，丰富学识”，“沿着求真理、悟道理、明事理的方向前进”。“要立志成才，必须勤奋学习、提高综合素质，努力做到修身立德、志存高远，勤学上进、追求卓越，强健体魄、健康身心，锤炼意志、砥砺坚韧。”智育旨在通过教育的手段，系统开发和提升学生的智力，包括观察力、记忆力、想象力、思考力和创造力等认知能力，来帮助学生达到掌握知识、发展能力和提升智慧水平的目标。可见，智育活动本质上属于心理活动的范畴，对于人的全面发展具有重要的意义。习近平指出：“读书可以让人保持思想活力，让人得到智慧启发，让人滋养浩然之气”。读书为明理，明理为修身。知识的学习不仅会使学生在智力上更加聪颖和在学识上更加渊博，更在于帮助学生对人生、世界及自我有深刻的理解和洞察，形成健康的社会心态和积极的自我觉知。学校要尊重学生认知发展规律和教育教学规律，不断优化教育教学内容和方式，通过教育不仅使学生在智力上聪慧，也在心理上灵慧，以此达到以智慧心的目标。

Use physical education to strengthen the heart, improving the health level of the people. The level of physical health among adolescents remains a weak point in student quality. Xi Jinping emphasized the need to fully and adequately offer physical education classes, support schools in carrying out physical activities with full coverage and high quality, and “help students enjoy pleasure, strengthen physique, improve personality, and temper willpower through physical exercise.” Physical education has the function of “benefiting both body and mind.” Physical education can enhance individual physical fitness and immunity by exercising cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength, thereby laying a solid foundation for the overall health of the individual. Physical exercise can alleviate stress and anxiety by raising the level of brain arousal, helping to improve individual mental health. Physical education can temper an individual’s will by continuously challenging oneself and surpassing limits, cultivating positive psychological qualities and the courage to face setbacks. Therefore, Xi Jinping pointed out: “Physical education is an important means of improving the health level of the people, and it is also an important part of realizing the Chinese Dream. It can provide a powerful spiritual force for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to unite hearts and gather strength.” Schools should use various forms of physical activities to strengthen students’ physique and regulate their psychological state, allowing students to better understand the meaning and value of life through physical exercise. While enhancing students’ physical functions, they should also consolidate students’ willpower qualities, strengthen their psychological resilience, reinforce their sense of responsibility, and internalize the educational outcomes in the heart and externalize them in action, truly achieving the goal of using physical education to strengthen the heart.

以体强心，提高人民健康水平。青少年体质健康水平仍是学生素质的短板。习近平强调要开齐开足体育课，支持学校全覆盖、高质量开展体育活动，“帮助学生在体育锻炼中享受乐趣、增强体质、健全人格、锤炼意志”。体育具有“身心两健”功能。体育能够通过锻炼心肺功能、肌肉力量，增强个体的身体素质、提升免疫力，从而为个体的整体健康奠定坚实的基础。体育锻炼能够通过提升大脑的兴奋水平起到缓解压力和焦虑的作用，有助于提升个体的心理健康水平。体育能够通过不断挑战自我、超越极限磨炼个体的意志，培养积极向上的心理品质和面对挫折的勇气。因此，习近平指出：“体育是提高人民健康水平的重要手段，也是实现中国梦的重要内容，能为中华民族伟大复兴提供凝心聚气的强大精神力量。”学校应通过形式多样的体育活动来强化学生的体质、调节心理状态，让学生在体育锻炼中更好地领悟生命的意义与价值，增强学生身体机能的同时，固强学生意志品质，加强学生心理韧性，强化学生责任担当，使教育成果内化于心、外化于行，真正实现以体强心的目标。

Use aesthetics to moisten the heart; beauty is an important source for purifying morality and enriching the spirit. Xi Jinping emphasized that aesthetic education “plays an important role in shaping a beautiful soul.” “Fine arts, art, science, and technology complement, promote, and enhance each other,” “a life without the nourishment of beauty is inevitably monotonous and dry.” Aesthetic education and mental health education are essentially interconnected; both pursue allowing students to find joy in various artistic expressions such as music, painting, dance, and calligraphy, to maintain a healthy body and mind, to stimulate students’ inner pursuit of beauty, and to shape students’ positive aesthetic outlook. Aesthetic education guides students to learn to appreciate and feel beauty, enhancing their aesthetic ability and aesthetic literacy. The experience and perception of beauty can stimulate an individual’s imagination and creativity, promoting the development of innovative thinking. Through aesthetic education, individuals can cultivate noble sentiments and elegant character, forming a positive attitude toward life. Therefore, aesthetic education is education in aesthetics, sentiment, and the soul, as well as education that enriches imagination and cultivates innovative awareness. It can enhance aesthetic literacy, cultivate sentiment, moisten the soul, and stimulate innovation and creativity. Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must comprehensively strengthen and improve school aesthetic education, adhere to using beauty to educate people and culture to transform people, and improve students’ aesthetic and humanistic literacy.” Schools should implement aesthetic education “infiltration” actions, extensively carry out aesthetic education practice activities that are highly universal, diverse in form, rich in content, and positive in nature, develop and continuously update high-quality online aesthetic education digital resources, teach students to recognize, appreciate, and create beauty, and give full play to the role of aesthetic education in enriching the spirit and “moistening” the soul, truly achieving the goal of “using aesthetics to moisten the heart.”

以美润心，美是纯洁道德、丰富精神的重要源泉。习近平强调，美育“对塑造美好心灵具有重要作用”。“美术、艺术、科学、技术相辅相成、相互促进、相得益彰”，“没有美的滋养的人生必然是单调的、干涸的人生”。美育和心理健康教育本质上具有相通性，都追求让学生在音乐、绘画、舞蹈和书法等各种艺术表达中愉悦心情，健康身心，激发学生对美的内在追求，塑造学生积极向上的审美观。美育引导学生学会欣赏美和感受美，提升审美能力和审美素养。美的体验和感悟能够激发个体的想象力和创造力，促进创新思维的发展。通过美育，可以培养个体高尚的情操和优雅的品性，形成积极向上的人生态度。因此，美育是审美教育、情操教育、心灵教育，也是丰富想象力和培养创新意识的教育，能提升审美素养、陶冶情操、温润心灵、激发创新创造活力。习近平强调：“要全面加强和改进学校美育，坚持以美育人、以文化人，提高学生审美和人文素养”，学校要实施美育“浸润”行动，广泛开展普及性强、形式多样、内容丰富、积极向上的美育实践活动，开发并持续更新线上优质美育数字教育资源，教会学生认识美、欣赏美、创造美，发挥美育丰富精神、“温润”心灵的作用，真正实现“以美润心”目标。

Use labor to strengthen the heart, using labor to cultivate virtue, increase wisdom, strengthen physique, and enhance aesthetics. Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must promote the spirit of labor among students, educate and guide students to advocate labor, respect labor, and understand the principles that labor is the most glorious, the most noble, the greatest, and the most beautiful, so that when they grow up, they can work diligently, honestly, and creatively.” “From a young age, we must establish the concept that labor is glorious, do our own things ourselves, help others with their things, and compete to do public welfare things. Through labor, we sow hope and reap fruits, and also through labor, we temper our will and exercise ourselves.” Life is created by labor, and life is also created by labor. Labor can temper students’ will, cultivate a spirit of hard work and perseverance, allow them to experience the hardship and value of labor, thereby cherishing the fruits of labor more and forming a good trend of respecting and loving labor. Labor can stimulate students’ innovative thinking and creativity, enhancing their hands-on practical ability and problem-solving ability. Labor can help students sweat, exercise muscles and bones, and enhance their physical fitness and immunity. Labor is not only a process of creating beauty but also a process of feeling and appreciating beauty. In labor, students can experience the happiness and joy of labor, enjoy the fruits of labor, and internalize the aesthetic value of labor that labor creates beauty and laborers are the most beautiful. Through labor practice, students can establish good moral qualities, develop intelligence, enhance physical fitness, and cultivate aesthetic ability, laying a solid foundation for future growth and development. Effective measures adapted to the current environment and conditions should be taken to strengthen labor education, organize various forms of labor practice, and allow students to develop labor habits in practice, learn to work, and learn to be thrifty. Through labor education, cultivate “healthy” lifestyles and behavioral habits, “stabilize” students’ endurance and action ability, “improve” excellent personality, and achieve the goal of “using labor to strengthen the heart.”

以劳健心，以劳动树德增智强体育美。习近平强调：“要在学生中弘扬劳动精神，教育引导学生崇尚劳动、尊重劳动，懂得劳动最光荣、劳动最崇高、劳动最伟大、劳动最美丽的道理，长大后能够辛勤劳动、诚实劳动、创造性劳动。”“从小就要树立劳动光荣的观念，自己的事自己做，他人的事帮着做，公益的事争着做，通过劳动播种希望、收获果实，也通过劳动磨炼意志、锻炼自己。”生活靠劳动创造，人生也靠劳动创造。劳动能够磨炼学生的意志，培养吃苦耐劳、坚忍不拔的精神，体验到劳动的艰辛和价值，从而更加珍惜劳动成果，形成尊重劳动，热爱劳动的良好风尚。劳动能够激发学生的创新思维和创造力，增强他们的动手实践能力和解决问题的能力。劳动能够帮助学生出汗、锻炼肌肉和骨骼，增强学生的身体素质和免疫力。劳动不仅是创造美的过程，也是感受美、欣赏美的过程。在劳动中，学生能够体验到劳动的幸福与快乐，享受劳动的成果，内化劳动创造美、劳动者最美的劳动美育价值。通过劳动实践，学生能够树立良好的道德品质、发展智力、增强身体素质和培养审美能力，为未来成长和发展打下坚实的基础。要采取适应当前环境和条件的有效措施，加强劳动教育，组织好形式多样的劳动实践，让学生在实践中养成劳动习惯，学会劳动、学会勤俭。通过劳动教育养成“健康”的生活方式和行为习惯，“稳健”学生耐受力和行动力，“健全”优良人格，实现“以劳健心”的目标。

IV. Basic research is the cornerstone for scientifically carrying out student mental health work

四、基础研究是科学开展学生心理健康工作的基石

Increase basic research on mental health issues. A nine-story platform begins with accumulated earth; a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. [9]9 This is a classical allusion from the *Laozi* (Chapter 64), emphasizing that great achievements must begin from small, solid foundations. Xi Jinping emphasized: “Basic research is at the beginning of the scientific research chain from research to application and then to production. Only when the foundation is laid firmly can the edifice of science and technology be built high.” At the National Conference on Health and Wellness, Xi Jinping pointed out, “We must increase basic research on mental health issues.” Mental health issues have both the attributes of basic research and the attributes of applied research, and applied research requires a solid foundation of basic research. Applied research without a “solid foundation” is “shallow” and lacks vitality. Through research on the mechanisms and developmental laws of basic psychological processes such as students’ cognition, emotion, and motivation, it helps to scientifically understand the internal psychological mechanisms and laws of various mental health issues and to design targeted prevention and treatment. Therefore, conducting basic research on mental health issues is a prerequisite for scientifically carrying out the prediction, identification, and treatment of related mental health issues and is the basic guarantee for implementing effective mental health intervention technologies and strategies.

加大心理健康问题基础性研究。九层之台，起于累土；千里之行，始于足下。习近平强调：“基础研究处于从研究到应用、再到生产的科研链条起始端，地基打得牢，科技事业大厦才能建得高。”在全国卫生与健康大会上，习近平指出，“要加大心理健康问题基础性研究”。心理健康问题既有基础研究的属性，又具有应用研究的属性，而应用研究需要坚实的基础研究，没有“坚实基础”的应用研究是“浅薄”的、没有生命力的。通过对学生认知、情感、动机等基本心理过程发生机制和发展规律的研究，有助于科学地理解各类心理健康问题发生的内在心理机制和规律，并有针对性地设计预防和治疗。因此开展心理健康问题基础研究是科学开展预测、识别和治疗相关心理健康问题的前提，是实施有效心理健康干预技术和策略的基础保障。

Strengthen collaborative research across disciplines. Owing to the complexity of mental health problems, research on mental health issues should also strengthen collaboration across disciplines. Through basic research, organically integrate psychology with brain science, education, sociology, medicine, artificial intelligence, and other disciplines, and carry out research on mental health problems under a comprehensive model of “multidisciplinary integration + artificial intelligence.” With the aid of big data and artificial intelligence tools, dynamically describe the distribution and developmental patterns of student mental health from multiple perspectives—psychological, physiological, educational, and social—and from a multi-factor angle; monitor the development and changes of individual psychological disorders and group psychology; and reveal the mechanisms of onset and development of common mental illnesses. This will enable accurate and effective early identification of and intervention in mental health problems from a more comprehensive perspective, and allow the design of comprehensive prevention and intervention programs based on multidisciplinary integration, providing macro-level decision-making references and specific implementation plans for preventing and solving various psychological disorders and behavioral problems.

加强各学科之间的合作研究。由于心理健康问题的复杂性，心理健康问题的研究也应加强各学科之间的合作。通过基础研究，将心理学与脑科学、教育学、社会学、医学、人工智能等学科进行有机结合，开展“多学科融合+人工智能”综合模式的心理健康问题研究。借助大数据和人工智能的手段，从心理、生理、教育和社会等多个视角和多因素的角度动态描述学生心理健康分布和发展变化规律，监测个体心理障碍及群体心理的发展变化，揭示常见精神疾病的发生发展机制，以便从更加综合的视角精准有效进行心理健康问题的早期识别与干预，并设计基于多学科融合的综合预防干预方案，为预防和解决各种心理疾患和行为问题，提供宏观决策参考和具体执行方案。

Strengthen research on the construction of a mental health service system. Xi Jinping pointed out: “We must improve the social psychological service system and the mechanisms for counseling and crisis intervention,” “do a good job in popularizing mental health knowledge and mental illness science, standardize the development of mental health services such as psychotherapy and psychological counseling, and strengthen the training of professional mental health personnel.” [10]10 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Health Conference,” *People’s Daily*, August 21, 2016. A scientifically efficient school psychological service system is a prerequisite for the transformation of basic research results and also a guarantee for the implementation and grounding of student mental health work. Through scientific research, construct a mental health standard system suitable for the laws of physical and mental development of children and adolescent students in our country, a mental health promotion monitoring and evaluation system, and a psychological assistance emergency system; continuously strengthen the construction of the mental health talent team; actively build a standardized and orderly mechanism for expressing demands, a mechanism for mediating conflicts, and a mechanism for safeguarding rights and interests; and strengthen mental health services for key populations. Build a school mental health service system that is scientifically efficient, multi-participatory, fully covered, and collaborative in education, so as to prevent and resolve various risks at the source, ensure students’ physical and mental health and comprehensive development, cultivate a healthy social mentality, and promote social harmony and stability.

加强心理健康服务体系建设研究。习近平指出：“要健全社会心理服务体系和疏导机制、危机干预机制”，“做好心理健康知识和心理疾病科普工作，规范发展心理治疗、心理咨询等心理健康服务，加强心理健康专业人才培养”。科学高效运行的学校心理服务体系是基础研究成果转化的前提，也是学生心理健康工作落实落地的保障。通过科学研究，构建适合我国儿童青少年学生身心健康发展规律的心理健康标准体系、心理健康促进监测评估体系、心理援助应急体系、不断加强心理健康人才队伍建设，积极构建规范有序的诉求表达机制、矛盾调处机制、权益保障机制，加强重点人群的心理健康服务。构建一个科学高效、多方参与、全员覆盖、协同育人的学校心理健康服务体系，从源头上预防和化解各类风险，保障学生身心健康和全面发展、培育健康社会心态、促进社会和谐稳定。

Source: *Ideological and Theoretical Education Guide*, December 20, 2024

文章来源：《思想理论教育导刊》2024年12月20日

Online editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆