The Original Contributions and Practical Power of Xi Jinping’s Cultural Thought

Thought is the precursor of action; theory is the guide to practice. The National Conference on Publicity, Ideology and Culture Work, held in Beijing in October 2023, formally proposed and systematically expounded Xi Jinping’s cultural thought, a milestone in the history of the Party’s work in publicity, ideology and culture. The formation of Xi Jinping’s cultural thought reflects the profound insight of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core into China’s cultural development and its deep deliberation on doing cultural work well in the New Era. It enriches and develops Marxist cultural theory, constitutes the cultural chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and marks that our Party’s understanding of the laws governing the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics has reached a new height. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has always placed cultural development in an important position in the governance of the country, opening up new paths for cultural development and expanding new spaces for cultural development in the continuous advancement of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. As an evolving and open-ended system of thought, Xi Jinping’s cultural thought provides a strong ideological guarantee, a powerful spiritual driving force, and favorable cultural conditions for the development of the Party and the state.

思想是行动的先导，理论是实践的指南。2023年10月在北京召开的全国宣传思想文化工作会议正式提出并系统阐释了习近平文化思想，这在党的宣传思想文化事业发展史上具有里程碑意义。习近平文化思想的形成，体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对我国文化建设的深刻洞察、对做好新时代文化工作的深邃思考，丰富和发展了马克思主义文化理论，构成了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇，标志着我们党对中国特色社会主义文化建设规律的认识达到了新高度。以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终把文化建设摆在治国理政的重要位置，为持续推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化开辟了文化建设新路径、拓展了文化发展新空间。作为一个不断展开的、开放式的思想体系，习近平文化思想为党和国家事业发展提供了坚强思想保证、强大精神动力、有利文化条件。

Xi Jinping’s cultural thought enriches and develops Marxist cultural theory in answering the questions of the times and the questions of culture.

习近平文化思想在回答时代之问、文化之问中丰富和发展了马克思主义文化理论

The proposal of this major theory of Xi Jinping’s cultural thought is based on General Secretary Xi Jinping’s rich and profound ideological achievements concerning

习近平文化思想这一重大理论的提出是建立在习近平总书记关于新时代中国特色社会主义文化建设丰富而深刻的思想成果基础之上的。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央在实践中不断深化对中国特色社会主义文化建设规律的科学认识，在2018年8月21日召开的全国宣传思想工作会议上，习近平总书记用“九个坚持”概括党的十八大以来对宣传思想工作的规律性认识；在2023年6月2日召开的文化传承发展座谈会上，习近平总书记将文化建设的“新思想新观点新论断”概括为“十四个强调”；2023年10月，习近平总书记在全国宣传思想文化工作会议上提出“七个着力”的关键任务。“这些重要观点，是新时代党领导文化建设实践经验的理论总结，是做好宣传思想文化工作的根本遵循，必须长期坚持贯彻、不断丰富发展。”

Entering the New Era, the overall strategy for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century have intertwined and stirred. Facing the arduous and heavy tasks of reform, development, and stability, the people’s growing cultural-ethical needs, the complex situation in the ideological sphere, and the rapidly surging wave of informatization, Xi Jinping’s cultural thought has profoundly answered the questions of the era and of culture with a series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new judgments, composing a new chapter in Marxist cultural theory. Xi Jinping’s cultural thought covers the guiding ideology, fundamental principles, basic experience, mission and tasks, practical requirements, and guarantee conditions for cultural construction in the New Era. It involves many aspects, including ideological and theoretical construction, news and public opinion work, literature, art and publishing work, cybersecurity and informatization work, cultural heritage and development, ideological and moral construction, the creation of cultural-ethical progress, and ideological and political work. It clarifies the substance and applies it, integrating substance and application.

进入新时代，中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局交织激荡，面对艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务、人民日益增长的精神文化需求、意识形态领域的复杂形势和迅猛发展的信息化浪潮，习近平文化思想以一系列新思想新观点新论断深刻回答时代之问、文化之问，谱写了马克思主义文化理论的新篇章。习近平文化思想涵盖了新时代文化建设的指导思想、根本原则、基本经验、使命任务、实践要求、保障条件等基本问题，涉及思想理论建设、新闻舆论工作、文艺出版工作、网络安全和信息化工作、文化传承发展、思想道德建设、精神文明创建、思想政治工作等多个方面，明体达用、体用贯通。

Xi Jinping’s cultural thought highlights the strategic significance of culture in the New Era. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “In coordinating the advancement of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, culture is an important component; in promoting high-quality development, culture is an important fulcrum; in meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life, culture is an important factor; in overcoming various risks and challenges on the path forward, culture is an important source of strength.” Based on a profound grasp of the significance of culture in the current era, General Secretary Xi Jinping calls culture the “spiritual gene” and “unique identifier” of a nation. As the cultural chapter of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Xi Jinping’s cultural thought is rich in content, profound in thought, innovative, and of great significance. Its connotations are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

习近平文化思想彰显了文化在新时代的战略意义。习近平总书记指出：“统筹推进‘五位一体’总体布局、协调推进‘四个全面’战略布局，文化是重要内容；推动高质量发展，文化是重要支点；满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，文化是重要因素；战胜前进道路上各种风险挑战，文化是重要力量源泉。”基于对当今时代文化意义的深刻把握，习近平总书记将文化称为民族的“精神基因”和“独特标识”。作为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化篇，习近平文化思想内涵丰富、思想深邃、富于创新、意义重大，其内涵主要体现在以下几个方面：

Adhering to the people-centered development thought. Socialist culture is essentially the culture of the people. Being people-centered is the fundamental stance for upholding and developing socialist culture with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, and it is also a clear main line running through cultural construction in the New Era. To adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, it is necessary to take the people’s interests, the people’s will, and the people’s aspirations as the fundamental guidelines for cultural construction, to insist that cultural development is for the people, relies on the people, and that its fruits are shared by the people, to enrich the people’s spiritual world, strengthen the people’s spiritual strength, and meet the people’s spiritual needs. News and public opinion work should “increase the publicity and reporting of the people’s great struggles and vibrant lives, and increase the publicity and reporting of advanced models and touching deeds emerging from among the people.” Literary and artistic work should “take the people as the main subject of artistic expression, take the people as the connoisseurs and judges of artistic aesthetics, and take serving the people as the bounden duty of literary and art workers,” and “create and produce excellent works that the people love to see and hear.” Public cultural services should promote “standardization and equalization,” improve “coverage and applicability,” “innovatively implement cultural projects benefiting the people,” strengthen the construction of the cultural market system and the cultural industry system, expand the supply of high-quality cultural products, and “enhance the people’s sense of cultural gain and happiness.” The vast number of philosophy and social science workers “should adhere to the viewpoint that the people are the creators of history, establish the ideal of doing scholarship for the people, respect the people’s principal position, focus on the people’s practical creations, consciously link their personal academic pursuits closely with the development of the country and the nation, and strive to produce more research results that can withstand the test of practice, the people, and history.”

坚持以人民为中心的发展思想。社会主义文化本质上是人民的文化。以人民为中心，是新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义文化的根本立场，也是贯穿新时代文化建设的一条鲜明主线。坚持以人民为中心的创作导向，就要把人民利益、人民意志和人民心声作为文化建设的根本遵循，坚持文化发展为了人民、依靠人民、成果由人民共享，丰富人民精神世界，增强人民精神力量，满足人民精神需求；新闻舆论工作要“多宣传报道人民群众的伟大奋斗和火热生活，多宣传报道人民群众中涌现出来的先进典型和感人事迹”；文艺工作要“把人民作为文艺表现的主体，把人民作为文艺审美的鉴赏家和评判者，把为人民服务作为文艺工作者的天职”，“创作生产出人民喜闻乐见的优秀作品”；公共文化服务要推动“标准化、均等化”、提高“覆盖面和适用性”，“创新实施文化惠民工程”，加强文化市场体系和文化产业体系建设，扩大优质文化产品供给，“增强人民群众文化获得感、幸福感”；广大哲学社会科学工作者“要坚持人民是历史创造者的观点，树立为人民做学问的理想，尊重人民主体地位，聚焦人民实践创造，自觉把个人学术追求同国家和民族发展紧紧联系在一起，努力多出经得起实践、人民、历史检验的研究成果”。

Upholding the Party’s cultural leadership. “Mastering ideological leadership is the foundation for mastering all leadership.” Upholding the Party’s cultural leadership is a major matter concerning the future and destiny of the Party and the country, and it is also an important guarantee for shouldering the new cultural mission of the New Era. Upholding the Party’s cultural leadership is the core tenet of Xi Jinping’s cultural thought. Emphasizing the Party’s commanding and guiding power in the field of propaganda, ideology, and culture is fundamental to ensuring that our country’s ideological and cultural spheres advance along the correct path. The Party managing propaganda, the Party managing ideology, and the Party managing media are important aspects of upholding the Party’s leadership. Therefore, it is necessary to “strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over propaganda and ideological work,” “must firmly hold in hand the leadership, management, and discourse power over ideological work,” “all work of the Party’s news and public opinion media must reflect the Party’s will, convey the Party’s propositions, uphold the authority of the Party Central Committee, uphold the Party’s unity, and achieve love for the Party, protection of the Party, and service for the Party,” and adhere to politicians running newspapers, journals, broadcast stations, and news websites. The Party’s leadership over cultural work is also prominently reflected in the formulation of the line, principles, and policies for cultural work, as well as in the stipulation of cultural stances and cultural goals.

坚持党的文化领导权。“掌握思想领导是掌握一切领导的基础”。坚持党的文化领导权是事关党和国家前途命运的大事，也是担负新时代新的文化使命的重要保证。坚持党的文化领导权是习近平文化思想的核心要旨，强调党在宣传思想文化领域的统领力和引导力，是确保我国思想文化和意识形态领域沿着正确道路前进的根本所在。党管宣传、党管意识形态、党管媒体是坚持党的领导的重要方面，因此，必须“加强党对宣传思想工作的全面领导”，“必须把意识形态工作的领导权、管理权、话语权牢牢掌握在手中”，“党的新闻舆论媒体的所有工作，都要体现党的意志、反映党的主张，维护党中央权威、维护党的团结，做到爱党、护党、为党”，坚持政治家办报、办刊、办台、办新闻网站。党对文化工作的领导还突出体现在对文化工作路线方针政策的制定上，以及对文化立场、文化目标的规定上。

Upholding and consolidating the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological sphere. Ideology concerns flags, concerns paths, and concerns national political security. It is necessary to build a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and leading power. Possessing the guidance of Marxist scientific theory is our Party’s distinctive character and unique advantage. To uphold the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological sphere, the most crucial thing is to adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, to fully grasp and accurately understand the worldview and methodology of this scientific theory, to uphold and apply well the stances, viewpoints, and methods that run through it, and to better use it to guide practice.

坚持与巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度。意识形态关乎旗帜、关乎道路、关乎国家政治安全，要建设具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态。拥有马克思主义科学理论指导是我们党的鲜明品格和独特优势。坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度，最关键的就是坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，完整把握、准确理解这一科学理论的世界观和方法论，坚持好、运用好贯穿其中的立场观点方法，更好用以指导实践。

Upholding the “Two Integrations.”[1]1 The “Two Integrations” (两个结合) refers to integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the finest traditional Chinese culture. This formulation was first proposed by Xi Jinping in his July 1, 2021 speech marking the centenary of the CPC and was formally incorporated into the Party constitution at the 20th National Congress in 2022. Cultural confidence is the hallmark content of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, from which are derived intellectual independence and self-reliance and the fundamental stance of upholding Chinese culture. Grasping and consolidating cultural subjectivity is the enduring force for building cultural confidence. Cultural subjectivity is the foundation on which culture exerts its “guiding force, cohesive force, shaping force, and radiating force.” Marxism is interlinked with the fine traditional culture that China has inherited for several thousand years and with the values that the broad masses of the people use daily without being conscious of them, endowing Marxist theory with distinct Chinese characteristics and consolidating the historical and mass foundations for adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. “Integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the finest traditional Chinese culture”[2]2 This is the full formulation of the “Two Integrations,” as codified in the Party constitution and official documents. has powerfully advanced the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture adheres to the “soul vein” of Marxism and the “root vein” of the finest traditional Chinese culture; the integration of the two has deeply enriched the historical foundation and cultural bloodline of Marxism for contemporary China and for the twenty-first century.

坚持“两个结合”。文化自信是习近平文化思想的标识性内容，由此奠定了精神上的独立自主、坚守中华文化的根本立场。把握和巩固文化主体性，是构建文化自信的持久力量。文化主体性是文化发挥“引领力、凝聚力、塑造力、辐射力”的根基。马克思主义同我国传承了几千年的优秀历史文化和广大人民日用而不觉的价值观念相融通，赋予马克思主义理论鲜明的中国特色，夯实马克思主义中国化时代化的历史基础和群众基础。“把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合”，有力推动了马克思主义中国化时代化。习近平文化思想坚守马克思主义“魂脉”和中华优秀传统文化“根脉”，二者结合，厚植了当代中国马克思主义、二十一世纪马克思主义的历史根基、文化血脉。

Cultivating and practicing the core socialist values. The core socialist values are the concentrated embodiment of the spirit of contemporary China, crystallizing the common value pursuits of all the Chinese people, and play a fundamental role in “gathering the soul, rallying the spirit, strengthening the foundation, and consolidating the base.” Cultivating and practicing the core socialist values helps us to raise high the banner of ideals and convictions, to promote the national spirit and the spirit of the times, to elevate the ideological realm of the people, to enrich the spiritual world of the people, to unite the will of the nation with common ideals and convictions, and to inspire China’s strength with the Chinese spirit. It involves carrying forward the revolutionary spirit, vigorously promoting the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists originating from the great founding spirit of the Party,[3]3 The “great founding spirit of the Party” (伟大建党精神) refers to the spirit forged during the founding of the CPC in 1921, officially summarized in Xi Jinping’s July 1, 2021 speech as: “upholding truth and ideals, staying true to the original aspiration and founding mission, daring to struggle and sacrifice, being loyal to the Party and faithful to the people.” carrying out propaganda and education on the history of the Party, the history of the People’s Republic, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of socialist development, deepening education in patriotism, collectivism, and socialism, guiding the people to strengthen the “Four Confidences,”[4]4 The “Four Confidences” (四个自信) are confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. They were formally proposed by Xi Jinping at the 95th anniversary of the CPC in 2016. enhancing confidence and determination in upholding common ideals and realizing common dreams, and integrating the core socialist values into law-based governance, social development, and daily life.

阿培育和践行社会主义核心价值观。社会主义核心价值观是当代中国精神的集中体现，凝结着全体中国人民共同的价值追求，具有“凝魂聚气、强基固本”的基础性作用。培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，有利于我们高扬理想信念旗帜，弘扬民族精神和时代精神，提高人民群众思想境界，丰富人民群众精神世界，用共同理想信念凝聚民族意志，用中国精神激发中国力量。赓续革命精神，大力弘扬以伟大建党精神为源头的中国共产党人精神谱系，开展党史、新中国史、改革开放史、社会主义发展史宣传教育，深化爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义教育，引导人民坚定“四个自信”，增强坚守共同理想、实现共同梦想的信心和决心，并把社会主义核心价值观融入法治建设、社会发展、日常生活。

Mastering the leading role in public opinion under the conditions of informatization. The rapid development of the internet has profoundly changed the way public opinion is generated and disseminated. Whoever masters the internet seizes the initiative of the times. “Cyberspace has become a new space for people’s production and life, and it should therefore also become a new space for our Party to build consensus.”[5]5 This is a direct quotation from Xi Jinping, from his speech at the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work on August 19, 2013, as subsequently reiterated. Seizing the precious historical opportunity of informatization development, with a high degree of political sobriety and firmness in guarding the online defense line, we must carry out online struggle, strengthen online management, promote the main theme online, firmly grasp the initiative and leading role in the public opinion arena, expand the influence territory of mainstream values, take singing the main theme online and consolidating and strengthening mainstream ideological public opinion as the top priority in mastering the initiative in the internet battlefield, and continuously stimulate the powerful force of unity and endeavor among all the people.

掌握信息化条件下舆论主导权。互联网的迅猛发展深刻改变着舆论生成方式和传播方式，谁掌握了互联网，谁就把握住了时代主动权。“网络空间已经成为人们生产生活的新空间，那就也应该成为我们党凝聚共识的新空间”。抓住信息化发展的宝贵历史机遇，以高度的政治清醒和坚定守牢网络防线，开展网络斗争、加强网络管理、弘扬网上主旋律，牢牢掌握舆论场主动权和主导权，扩大主流价值影响力版图，以唱响网上主旋律、巩固壮大主流思想舆论作为掌握互联网战场主动权的重中之重，持续激发全体人民团结奋进的强大力量。

Promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. Openness and inclusiveness have always been the source of vitality for the development of civilizations and are also a prominent mark of cultural confidence. Chinese civilization has been renowned for its openness and inclusiveness since ancient times. Through exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations in the world, it has always been renewed through the ages while absorbing diverse elements. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, based on a broad vision of the development of human civilization, puts forward the view of civilization featuring equality, mutual learning, dialogue, and inclusiveness, and the basic concept of “exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.” It proposes promoting the common values of all humanity—peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom—and implementing major propositions such as the Global Civilization Initiative. These are Chinese solutions for addressing global challenges and breaking the “clash of civilizations” theory, reflecting China’s sense of responsibility and commitment as a major country.

推进文明交流互鉴。开放包容始终是文明发展的活力来源，也是文化自信的显著标志。中华文明自古就以开放包容闻名于世，中华文明同世界其他文明互通有无、交流借鉴，始终在兼收并蓄中历久弥新。习近平文化思想立足于人类文明发展的宏阔视野，提出平等、互鉴、对话、包容的文明观和“文明交流互鉴”的基本理念，提出弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，落实全球文明倡议等重大主张，这是应对世界难题、破解“文明冲突论”的中国方案，体现出中国的大国责任与担当。

With a strong problem consciousness, Xi Jinping Thought on Culture profoundly perceives and scientifically answers the major issues in China’s cultural construction in the New Era, systematically responds to the significant epochal propositions of what kind of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics to build and how to build it. It is the contemporary expression and innovative development of Marxist cultural theory, promoting historic achievements in cultural construction in the New Era through clarifying the fundamental and innovating on the basis of tradition, and enabling solid steps to be taken in building a socialist cultural power.

习近平文化思想以强烈的问题意识，深刻洞察并科学回答了新时代我国文化建设领域的重大问题，系统解答了建设什么样的中国特色社会主义文化、怎样建设中国特色社会主义文化这样重大的时代命题，是马克思主义文化理论的时代表达和创新发展，推动新时代文化建设在正本清源、守正创新中取得历史性成就，社会主义文化强国建设迈出坚实步伐。

Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, based on the new journey of the New Era, makes strategic plans for building a socialist cultural power.

习近平文化思想立足新时代新征程为社会主义文化强国建设谋篇布局

“Keeping pace with the times, sharing the fate with the people, and paying attention to and answering the major issues raised by the times and practice are the secret to Marxism’s enduring vitality.”[6]6 This is a direct quotation from Xi Jinping, from his speech at the conference marking the 200th anniversary of Marx’s birth on May 4, 2018. As practical exploration does not end, theoretical development will not end either. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is an evolving and open-ended system of thought. After the formation of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, General Secretary Xi Jinping has focused on the socialist cultural power to further expand the path of cultural construction. In July 2024, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC studied the issue of deepening the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms, making systematic arrangements for comprehensively deepening the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms. On October 28, the 17th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee was held on building a cultural power. General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected the construction of national cultural parks such as the Grand Canal, the Great Wall, the Long March, the Yangtze River, and the Yellow River; visited historical and cultural districts in Shanghai, Tianjin, Changde, and Tongcheng, traditional rural villages, and the Maijishan Grottoes in Gansu; made important instructions on the successful inscription of the “Beijing Central Axis” on the World Heritage List; attended the “BRICS Plus” Leaders’ Dialogue and the 19th Summit of the Group of Twenty; participated in the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation; met with foreign guests attending the China International Friendship Conference and the commemorative activities for the 70th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, and with representatives attending the China-Italy Cultural Cooperation Mechanism Conference and the China-Italy University Presidents Dialogue; published signed articles in foreign media during visits abroad; and sent congratulatory letters to the World Conference on China Studies·Shanghai Forum, the first “Liangzhu Forum,” the first World Congress of Classical Studies, and the 2024 World Chinese Language Conference. All these creatively respond to new issues in the cultural development of China and the world, and develop Xi Jinping Thought on Culture.

“与时代同步伐，与人民共命运，关注和回答时代和实践提出的重大课题，是马克思主义永葆生机活力的奥妙所在。”实践的探索不终结，理论的发展就不会终结。习近平文化思想是一个不断展开的、开放式的思想体系。在习近平文化思想形成后，习近平总书记聚焦社会主义文化强国进一步拓展文化建设路径。2024年7月，党的二十届三中全会研究深化文化体制机制改革问题，对全面深化文化体制机制改革作出系统部署；10月28日，二十届中共中央政治局就建设文化强国进行第十七次集体学习。习近平总书记考察大运河、长城、长征、长江、黄河等国家文化公园建设，走访上海、天津、常德、桐城等地的历史文化街区、农村传统村落以及甘肃麦积山石窟，就“北京中轴线”申遗成功作出重要指示，出席“金砖+”领导人对话会、出席二十国集团领导人第十九次峰会，参加中非合作论坛北京峰会，会见出席中国国际友好大会暨中国人民对外友好协会成立70周年纪念活动的外方嘉宾、出席中意文化合作机制大会和中意大学校长对话会代表，出访时在国外媒体发表署名文章，以及向世界中国学大会·上海论坛、首届“良渚论坛”、首届世界古典学大会、2024世界中文大会致贺信等，都创造性地回应了中国与世界文化发展的新问题，发展了习近平文化思想。

First, deepening the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms to stimulate the innovative and creative vitality of the entire nation’s culture. The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Decision”), reviewed and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC, clarifies the new tasks and overall goal of reforming the cultural system and mechanisms as focusing on building a socialist cultural power. Innovation and creativity are the lifeblood of culture and the source of vitality for cultural prosperity and flourishing. Deepening the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms should take stimulating the innovative and creative vitality of the entire nation as the central link, accelerate the improvement of a cultural management system and production and operation mechanisms that follow the laws of cultural development and are conducive to stimulating vitality, create a positive, healthy, relaxed, and harmonious atmosphere, allow all sources of cultural creation to flow fully, and allow all creative vitality of culture to burst forth continuously. The “Decision” proposes deepening the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms and improving the cultural system in four aspects: perfecting the responsibility system for ideological work, optimizing the supply mechanism for cultural services and cultural products, improving the comprehensive network governance system, and building a more effective international communication system.

第一，深化文化体制机制改革，激发全民族文化创新创造活力。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》），明确文化体制机制改革的新任务、总目标是聚焦建设社会主义文化强国。创新创造是文化的生命力，是文化繁荣兴盛的活力源泉。深化文化体制机制改革要把激发全民族创新创造活力作为中心环节，加快完善遵循文化发展规律、有利于激发活力的文化管理体制和生产经营机制，营造积极健康、宽松和谐的氛围，让一切文化创造源泉充分涌流，让一切文化创造活力持续迸发。《决定》就完善意识形态工作责任制、优化文化服务和文化产品供给机制、健全网络综合治理体系、构建更有效力的国际传播体系等四个方面提出深化文化体制机制改革，健全文化制度体系。

Second, technological empowerment drives a new direction for the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms. Conforming to the development of practice, highlighting the problem orientation, and advancing innovation from a new starting point are the driving forces behind the development of Xi Jinping’s cultural thought. At present, the prominent problem facing cultural construction is the impact of new technologies. How to accelerate adaptation to the rapid development of information technology, balance the two forces of content and technology, coordinate the two fields of online and offline, plan the two markets of domestic and international, and enhance cultural influence are urgent tasks. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC placed scientific and technological innovation at the core, pointing the direction for deepening the reform of the cultural system and mechanisms. “Accelerating adaptation to the rapid development of information technology” enhances governance capacity in the cultural field under the conditions of informatization. The “Decision” proposes “forming a mechanism for the differentiated and precise implementation of online ideological and moral education,” and also specifically plans in Article 40 to “improve the comprehensive network governance system.” It improves the mechanisms for the development and management of generative artificial intelligence. It strengthens the rule of law in cyberspace, improves the long-term mechanism for network ecological governance, and improves the work system for the protection of minors online. There is both management of online content and attention to the latest generative AI technology; there is both emergency response to online public opinion and long-term governance of the network ecology, strengthening the “systematic” and “synergistic” nature of reform. At the same time, facing the new industries, new models, and new driving forces spawned by the rapid development of information technology, the “Decision” also proposes the idea of “promoting development,” requiring “exploration of effective mechanisms for the integration of culture and technology, accelerating the development of new cultural business forms.” Building a new ecology for the integrated development of culture and technology is an important goal of reform. In accordance with the “Decision’s” requirements for cultivating new business forms of the digital economy and new quality productive forces, the path of cultural and technological integration is to promote revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, deep transformation and upgrading of industries, and to promote the optimization, combination, and renewal and leap of workers, means of labor, and objects of labor, developing cultural productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. At the 17th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping further emphasized: “Realize the digital empowerment and information transformation of cultural construction, transforming cultural resource advantages into cultural development advantages.”

第二，科技赋能驱动文化体制机制改革新方向。顺应实践发展，突出问题导向，在新的起点上推进创新是习近平文化思想发展的动力源。当前，文化建设面临的突出问题是新技术的冲击，如何加快适应信息技术迅猛发展新形势、平衡好内容和技术两种力量、协调好线上和线下两个场域、统筹好国内和国际两个市场、增强文化影响力是当务之急。党的二十届三中全会将科技创新置于核心位置，为深化文化体制机制改革指明方向。“加快适应信息技术迅猛发展新形势”，提升信息化条件下文化领域治理能力。《决定》提出“形成网上思想道德教育分众化、精准化实施机制”，还专门在第四十条规划了“健全网络综合治理体系”。完善生成式人工智能发展和管理机制。加强网络空间法治建设，健全网络生态治理长效机制，健全未成年人网络保护工作体系。既有对网络内容的管理，也关注最新生成式人工智能技术的发展；既有对网络舆论的应急处置，又有对网络生态的长效治理，强化了改革的“系统性”和“协同性”。同时，面对信息技术迅猛发展催生的新产业、新模式、新动能，《决定》还提出“促发展”的思路，要求“探索文化和科技融合的有效机制，加快发展新型文化业态”，构建文化科技融合发展新生态是改革的重要目标。按照《决定》对数字经济新业态和新质生产力的培育要求，文化科技融合的路径就是推动技术革命性突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级，推动劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象优化组合和更新跃升，发展以高技术、高效能、高质量为特征的文化生产力。在二十届中共中央政治局第十七次集体学习时，习近平总书记进一步强调：“实现文化建设数字化赋能、信息化转型，把文化资源优势转化为文化发展优势。”

Third, continue the Chinese cultural lineage through creative transformation and innovative development. Promote the holistic and systematic protection and unified supervision of cultural heritage, improve the systems and mechanisms for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, accelerate the improvement of the legal and regulatory system, and effectively enhance the capacity and level of heritage protection. In November 2024, during an inspection in Hubei, General Secretary Xi Jinping stated: “We must continue to strengthen archaeological research, improve the level of cultural relic protection, provide solid support for promoting fine traditional Chinese culture and enhancing cultural confidence, allow the treasures of Chinese civilization to be preserved forever and benefit future generations, and inspire people to continuously enhance their national pride and self-confidence.” General Secretary Xi Jinping particularly emphasized drawing on

第三，在创造性转化和创新性发展中赓续中华文脉。推动文化遗产整体性、系统性保护和统一监管，健全文化遗产保护传承体制机制，加快完善法规制度体系，切实提高遗产保护能力和水平。2024年11月，习近平总书记在湖北考察时提出：“要继续加强考古研究，提高文物保护水平，为弘扬中华优秀传统文化、增强文化自信提供坚实支撑，让中华文明瑰宝永续留存、泽惠后人，激励人们不断增强民族自豪感和自信心。”习近平总书记特别强调从传统文化资源中吸取治国理政经验，提出：“积极宣传廉洁理念、廉洁典型，营造崇廉拒腐的良好风尚。”“要在金融系统大力弘扬中华优秀传统文化，坚持诚实守信、以义取利、稳健审慎、守正创新、依法合规。”“六尺巷体现了先人化解矛盾的历史智慧，要作为弘扬中华优秀传统文化的教育场所，发挥好中华民族讲求礼让、以和为贵传统美德的作用，营造安居乐业的和谐社会环境。”

Fourth, forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. Chinese civilization is diverse yet unified; the various ethnic groups on Chinese soil have engaged in extensive interaction, exchange, and integration, and the sense of community for the Chinese nation is the foundation of ethnic unity. In 2022, when inspecting Xinjiang, General Secretary Xi Jinping demanded: “Fully excavate and effectively utilize the historical facts, archaeological objects, and cultural relics of interaction among Xinjiang’s ethnic groups, and make it clear that Xinjiang has been an inseparable part of China and a multi-ethnic region since ancient times, and that the ethnic groups of Xinjiang are important members of the Chinese nation’s big family, connected by blood and sharing a common destiny.” The foundation and basis for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation is identification with Chinese culture. During the ninth collective study session of the 20th Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee on October 27, 2023, General Secretary Xi Jinping discussed the construction of a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation and the building of a theoretical system for the Chinese national community. In 2024, General Secretary Xi Jinping repeatedly emphasized this concept. On April 10, when meeting with Ma Ying-jeou and his delegation, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Chinese culture is the spiritual lifeline of the Chinese nation and the shared spiritual home of compatriots on both sides of the strait. Compatriots on both sides of the strait must strengthen their confidence in Chinese culture, consciously act as guardians, inheritors, and promoters of Chinese culture, enhance their sense of belonging to, identification with, and pride in the Chinese nation, and forge a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.” When inspecting the Yungang Grottoes, General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly stated: “We must deeply excavate the historical

第四，铸牢中华民族共同体意识。中华文明多元一体，中华大地各民族广泛交往交流交融，中华民族共同体意识是民族团结之本。2022年，习近平总书记在新疆考察时要求：“充分挖掘和有效运用新疆各民族交往的历史事实、考古实物、文化遗存，讲清楚新疆自古以来就是我国不可分割的一部分和多民族聚居地区，新疆各民族是中华民族大家庭血脉相连、命运与共的重要成员。”铸牢中华民族共同体意识的底蕴、基础是中华文化认同。2023年10月27日二十届中共中央政治局进行第九次集体学习时，习近平总书记谈到中华民族共有精神家园构筑、中华民族共同体理论体系构建问题。2024年，习近平总书记更是反复强调了这一理念。4月10日，习近平总书记在会见马英九一行时指出：“中华文化是中华民族的精神命脉，是两岸同胞共同的精神家园。两岸同胞要坚定中华文化自信，自觉做中华文化的守护者、传承者、弘扬者，增强中华民族的归属感、认同感、荣誉感，铸牢中华民族共同体意识。”在考察云冈石窟时，习近平总书记明确指出：“要深入挖掘云冈石窟蕴含的各民族交往交流交融的历史内涵，增强中华民族共同体意识。”9月27日，在全国民族团结进步表彰大会上的讲话中，习近平总书记深入阐释了这一思想。习近平总书记指出：“各民族文化相通，是中华民族铸就多元一体文明格局的文化基因。”“历史充分证明，灿烂的中华文化是各民族共同创造的，铸就社会主义文化新辉煌必须不断增强对中华文化的认同，不断增进各民族文化互鉴融通。”“着力构筑中华民族共有精神家园，为推进中华民族共同体建设提供强大精神文化支撑。”如此，才能推动中华民族走向包容性更强、凝聚力更大的命运共同体。

Fifth, cultivating the cultural tourism industry into a pillar industry. Culture is the soul of tourism; tourism is the carrier of culture. General Secretary Xi Jinping has a profound grasp of the regularities and characteristics of cultural development and tourism development, and has promoted the deep integration of culture and tourism on a broader scale and at a higher level. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to cultural and tourism work, delivering many important speeches and issuing important instructions, and making strategic deployments for advancing the development of the cultural tourism industry, providing a fundamental guideline for our work on culture and tourism in the New Era. In March 2024, during his inspection tour in Hunan, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The diverse local traditional cultures together constitute a splendid Chinese civilization and also boost economic and social development.” In June 2024, during his inspection tour in Ningxia, General Secretary Xi Jinping encouraged the active development of distinctive tourism and all-for-one tourism. In September and October 2024, during his inspection tours in Gansu, Fujian, and Anhui, General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed the need to extensively utilize rich cultural resources and to cultivate the cultural tourism industry into a pillar industry. This is a target requirement for the integrated development of culture and tourism, and also a profound summary of the experience gained since the establishment of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the People’s Republic of China in 2018, which initiated the integration of culture and tourism. It makes the cultural tourism industry an important engine for stimulating consumption and driving economic growth, and also makes tourism a process through which people can appreciate Chinese culture and enhance their cultural confidence, turning it into a livelihood industry and a happiness industry.

第五，把文化旅游业培育成支柱产业。文化是旅游的灵魂，旅游是文化的载体。习近平总书记深刻把握文化建设和旅游发展的规律特点，推动文化和旅游在更广范围、更高水平深度融合。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记高度重视文化和旅游工作，多次发表重要讲话、作出重要指示，对推进文化旅游产业发展作出战略部署，为我们做好新时代文化旅游工作提供了根本遵循。2024年3月，习近平总书记在湖南考察时指出：“多姿多彩的地方特色传统文化，共同构成璀璨的中华文明，也助推经济社会发展。”2024年6月，习近平总书记在宁夏考察，鼓励积极发展特色旅游、全域旅游。2024年9月、10月，习近平总书记在甘肃、福建、安徽考察时强调，要广泛利用丰富的文化资源，把文化旅游业打造成支柱产业。这是对文化和旅游融合发展的目标要求，也是对自2018年组建中华人民共和国文化和旅游部、开启文旅融合以来经验的深刻总结。让文旅行业成为刺激消费、拉动经济增长的重要引擎，也让旅游成为人们感悟中华文化、增强文化自信的过程，成为民生产业、幸福产业。

Sixth, promoting the inheritance and development of human civilization. Classical civilizations, resplendent and numerous, continuously nourish and enlighten later generations. On 7 November 2024, in his congratulatory letter to the First World Congress of Classical Studies, President Xi Jinping pointed out: “China is actively committed to promoting the inheritance and development of civilization, strengthening international people-to-people and cultural exchanges, advancing global civilizational dialogue, and focusing on seeking wisdom and drawing nourishment from different civilizations. China is willing to work with all parties to implement the Global Civilization Initiative, jointly address the various challenges facing humanity, and collectively promote the progress and development of human civilization.” [8]8 The “key minority” (关键少数) refers to leading cadres at all levels, who are considered the crucial group for implementing Party policies and maintaining ideological discipline. On 8 November, during talks with Italian President Sergio Mattarella, President Xi Jinping stressed: “The world today has entered a new period

第六，促进人类文明传承发展。古典文明群星璀璨，不断滋养和启迪后世。2024年11月7日，习近平主席在致首届世界古典学大会的贺信中指出：“中国积极致力于推动文明传承发展，加强国际人文交流，促进全球文明对话，注重从不同文明中寻求智慧、汲取营养，愿同各方一道，践行全球文明倡议，携手解决人类共同面临的各种挑战，共同推动人类文明发展进步。”11月8日，习近平主席同意大利总统马塔雷拉会谈时强调：“当今世界进入新的动荡变革期。中意作为两大文明古国，应该起而行之，共同倡导以文化人、以德润身，以博大的人文情怀观照人类命运，以兼容并蓄的胸襟超越隔阂冲突，以和合共生的愿景凝聚发展合力，让文明的灯塔照耀人类前行的正道。”并明确落实好新一轮文化合作执行计划。习近平主席主张建设“人文金砖”，做文明和合共生的倡导者。在与外国元首的会谈中，呼吁加快人文交流“双向奔赴”。习近平主席提出构建更加平等包容的网络空间。加强网上交流对话，促进各国人民相知相亲，推动不同文明包容共生，更好弘扬全人类共同价值。加强网络文明建设，促进优质网络文化产品生产传播，充分展示人类优秀文明成果，积极推动文明传承发展，共同建设网上精神家园。

Implement the project for the inheritance and development of fine traditional Chinese culture, research and excavate the excellent genes and contemporary value of traditional Chinese culture, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture, flourish and develop advanced socialist culture, construct and apply an expression system for the characteristics of Chinese culture, the spirit of the Chinese nation, and the national image of China, and continuously strengthen the Chinese cultural identity of all ethnic groups.

实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程，研究和挖掘中华传统文化的优秀基因和时代价值，推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展，繁荣发展社会主义先进文化，构建和运用中华文化特征、中华民族精神、中国国家形象的表达体系，不断增强各族群众的中华文化认同。

Xi Jinping’s cultural thought leads the changes of the times, manifesting the power of truth and the force of practice.

习近平文化思想引领时代之变，彰显真理力量、实践伟力

In 2024, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, anchoring the strategic goal of building China into a cultural powerhouse by 2035, adhered to Marxism as the fundamental guiding ideology, took root in the broad and profound Chinese civilization, followed the trend of information technology development, continuously developed the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics for the New Era with strong ideological guidance, spiritual cohesion, value appeal, and international influence, continuously strengthened the people’s spiritual strength, and consolidated the cultural foundation for building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation.

2024年，以习近平同志为核心的党中央锚定2035年建成文化强国的战略目标，坚持马克思主义这一根本指导思想，植根博大精深的中华文明，顺应信息技术发展潮流，不断发展具有强大思想引领力、精神凝聚力、价值感召力、国际影响力的新时代中国特色社会主义文化，不断增强人民精神力量，筑牢强国建设、民族复兴的文化根基。

First, promote the Party’s innovative theories to enter the homes of ordinary people. In the New Era, every step forward in theoretical innovation is followed by a step forward in theoretical armed. Unswervingly study, publicize, and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, unswervingly use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to arm the mind, guide practice, and promote work, consolidate the responsibility system for ideological work, grasp the “key minority” of leading cadres, do a solid job in the study of the theoretical study center groups of Party committees (Party groups) and the education and training of cadres, forming a strong learning atmosphere; establish a three-dimensional matrix for the research, publicity, and interpretation of Marxist theory, adhere to reading original works, studying original texts, and comprehending principles, while using full-media reporting methods such as text, graphics, audio and video, and live broadcasts to publicize the Party’s innovative ideas, combine fresh ideas with local vivid practices, enhance the practical appeal of innovative theories, realize the combination of “education for all” and “targeted measures for different groups,” let the Party’s ideas take root at the grassroots level, penetrate deeply into the grassroots masses, and consolidate the Party’s governing foundation and mass base in terms of ideology, spirit, and culture.

第一，推动党的创新理论飞入寻常百姓家。新时代，坚持理论创新每前进一步，理论武装就跟进一步。坚持不懈学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作，夯实意识形态工作责任制，抓住领导干部“关键少数”，抓好抓实党委（党组）理论学习中心组学习、干部教育培训，形成浓厚学习氛围；建立立体化的马克思主义理论研究宣传阐释矩阵，坚持读原著、学原文、悟原理，同时，利用文字、图解、音视频、直播等全媒体报道方式宣传党的创新思想，把鲜活思想与地方生动实践相结合，提升创新理论的实践感召力，实现“全员教育”与“分众施策”相结合，让党的思想在基层落地生根，广泛深入基层群众，在思想上、精神上、文化上筑牢党的执政基础和群众基础。

Second, enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the people. Cultural benefits reach every household. National cultural and tourism expenditures have continued to increase and have been increasingly tilted toward the grassroots. National cultural and tourism expenditures grew from 48.01 billion yuan in 2012 to 128.04 billion yuan in 2023, an average annual growth rate of 9.3%. As of the end of 2023, there were 3,246 public libraries nationwide, with a total collection of 1.44 billion volumes, a year-on-year increase of 5.6%; the total number of registered museums nationwide had increased from 3,866 in 2012 to 6,833 in 2023. Since the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has added an average of one new museum every two days, reaching an average of one museum per 250,000 people, with 268 new registered museums added in 2023. The level of public cultural services in museums and cultural relic protection units has improved. Museums have shifted from being “collection-centered” to “public service-centered,” innovating exhibition methods, telling vivid and lively stories of cultural relics, strengthening the public popularization of archaeological knowledge and research results, greatly enhancing people’s self-confidence and sense of pride, forming a “museum craze” and a study tour craze, with many people “traveling to a city for a museum.” The number of visitors increased from 564 million in 2012 to 1.29 billion in 2023. In 2023, various types of intangible cultural heritage protection institutions nationwide held 82,000 performances, a year-on-year increase of 41.5%; held 18,000 folk activities, a year-on-year increase of 30.4%; held 22,000 exhibitions, a year-on-year increase of 20.1%, all setting historical highs. Literary and artistic works strive to explore and innovate boldly in terms of subject matter, type, content, and style, conveying truth, goodness, and beauty, and promoting mainstream values. TV dramas are rich in subject matter, with works in various genres such as realism, history, costume, suspense, and science fiction widely popular. The rise of short video platforms has enabled social media to play an important role in drama promotion and audience interaction, promoting the speed and influence of drama dissemination. The tradition of realism in literary and artistic works is inherited, focusing on reality, the times, and the people, telling the joys and sorrows of life well, using wonderful stories to soothe the audience’s hearts, and thereby triggering the audience’s thinking about life, society, and the world.

第二，丰富了人民群众精神文化生活。文化惠民遍及千家万户。全国文化和旅游事业费持续增加并不断向基层倾斜，全国文化和旅游事业费从2012年的480.1亿元增长到2023年的1280.4亿元，年均增长9.3%。截至2023年年底，全国共有公共图书馆3246个，全国公共图书馆总藏量14.4亿册，同比增长5.6%；全国备案博物馆总数已从2012年的3866家增至2023年的6833家。“十三五”以来，我国平均每2天新增一家博物馆，达到平均每25万人拥有一座博物馆，2023年新增备案博物馆268家。博物馆和文物保护单位公共文化服务水平提升，博物馆由“以藏品为中心”向“以公众服务为中心”转变，创新展陈方式，讲好生动鲜活的文物故事，强化考古知识和研究成果的公众普及，极大增强了人们的自信心与自豪感，形成了“博物馆热”、研学热，许多人“为一座博物馆奔赴一座城”，参观人数从2012年5.64亿人次增加到2023年的12.9亿人次。2023年全国各类非物质文化遗产保护机构举办演出8.2万场，同比增长41.5%；举办民俗活动1.8万场，同比增长30.4%；举办展览2.2万场，同比增长20.1%，均创历史新高。文艺作品在题材、类型、内容、风格上努力探索、锐意创新，传递真善美，弘扬主流价值。电视剧题材丰富，现实、历史、古装、悬疑、科幻等多种题材的作品广受欢迎。短视频平台的兴起使得社交媒体在剧集宣传和观众互动中发挥了重要作用，推动了剧集的传播速度与影响力。文艺作品现实主义的传统传承，关注现实、关注时代、关注人民，讲述好生活中的喜怒哀乐，用精彩故事来抚慰观众的心灵，进而引发观众对于人生、社会和世界的思考。

Third, the protection and transmission of cultural heritage have been vigorously advanced. The policy of “first archaeology, then transfer,” which requires archaeological investigation, survey, excavation, and preparation to be carried out before land is transferred for construction, has been implemented and refined in 24 provinces. Large-scale archaeological sites and areas dense with cultural relics have been gradually incorporated into the territorial space planning control system, and the problem of large-scale demolition and construction in famous historical and cultural cities has been resolutely corrected. In the process of protection and renewal, old neighborhoods have strengthened urban culture and local character, improving the quality of urban development and spatial quality. Cultural heritage resources of all types have been comprehensively sorted and catalogued. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period [n10], the first national survey of movable cultural relics registered 108 million pieces (sets) of state-owned movable cultural relics. The National Cultural Heritage Administration organized a special survey of cave temples nationwide, clarifying the distribution and preservation status of 2,155 cave temples and 3,831 cliff-side carvings. It also published a list of key sections of the Great Wall at the national level and completed surveys of cultural relic resources in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins. At present, the fourth national survey of cultural relics, currently underway, will gradually build a resource management system that combines comprehensive surveys, special investigations, spatial control, and dynamic monitoring. The *National Territorial Space Planning Outline (2021–2035)* strengthens spatial control requirements for cultural relic resources, achieving “one-map” management and making the map of cultural relic resources clearer and more complete. A traditional village protection project has been implemented, and documentation surveys of Chinese traditional villages have been carried out. A total of 8,155 traditional villages have been included in the Chinese Traditional Village Protection List and placed under listed protection, with 539,000 historic buildings and traditional dwellings protected. The construction of national cultural parks has been vigorously promoted, comprehensively raising the level of protection and utilization of cultural relics and the transmission of cultural heritage. Irrigation engineering heritage and industrial heritage have also been protected and utilized. With the rapid expansion of the scale of cultural heritage and the continuous enrichment of heritage types, the protection of cultural heritage in the New Era reflects a transformation from point to surface, from rescue-oriented protection to systematic protection, and from protection of the object itself to protection of the whole and its surrounding environment. The natural environment and cultural ecology accompanying cultural heritage are also protected, and the state of protection has been fundamentally improved. In the New Era, concepts, systems, and technologies for cultural heritage protection have been innovated, the field of cultural heritage protection has been expanded, the main responsibility of the government in cultural heritage protection has been strengthened, and through legislation, society and individuals have been encouraged to actively participate in protection and transmission. This has enhanced the protection awareness of the whole society, formed a major pattern of historical and cultural heritage protection led by the government, coordinated by departments, and participated in by society, comprehensively improved the capacity for cultural heritage protection, and ensured the outstanding value, authenticity, and integrity of cultural heritage are passed down forever. With the inclusion of “Beijing Central Axis: A Building Ensemble Exhibiting the Ideal Order of the Chinese Capital” in the *World Heritage List*, China now has a total of 59 world heritage sites, and 43 items have been inscribed on UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage lists and registers. Seven museums—the National Museum of China, the China Science and Technology Museum, the Nanjing Museum, the Suzhou Museum, the Hunan Museum, the Hubei Provincial Museum, and the Guangdong Provincial Museum—rank among the global top 20. China has become a veritable world cultural heritage power, a supporter, promoter, and practitioner of the *World Heritage Convention*.

第三，文化遗产保护传承有力推进。全国推行建设用地考古调查勘探发掘前置的“先考古、后出让”政策在24个省份落实落细。大遗址、文物密集区逐步纳入国土空间规划管控体系，历史文化名城大拆大建问题得到坚决纠正，老街区在保护更新过程中强化了城市文化和地方性风貌，提高了城市发展质量和空间品质。全面整理梳理各类文化遗产资源。“十三五”期间，第一次全国可移动文物普查登记国有可移动文物1.08亿件（套）；国家文物局组织开展全国石窟寺专项调查摸清2155处石窟寺、3831处摩崖造像分布和保存管理状况；公布国家级长城重要点段名单，完成黄河、长江流域文物资源调查。目前，正在开展的第四次全国文物普查将逐步构建全面普查、专项调查、空间管控、动态监测相结合的资源管理体系，《全国国土空间规划纲要(2021—2035年)》强化文物资源空间管控要求，实现“一张图”管理，使文物资源版图更加清晰完整。实施传统村落保护工程，开展中国传统村落立档调查，已有8155个传统村落列入中国传统村落保护名录并实施了挂牌保护，53.9万栋历史建筑和传统民居得到保护。国家文化公园建设大力推进，全面提升文物保护利用和文化遗产保护传承水平，灌溉工程遗产、工业遗产也得到保护利用。随着文化遗产规模的急剧拓展、遗产类型的不断丰富，新时代的文化遗产保护体现了从点到面、从抢救性保护到系统性保护，从本体保护到整体及周边环境保护的转变，保护与文化遗产相伴生的自然环境和文化生态，保护状况得到根本改善。新时代，创新了文化遗产保护理念、制度、技术，拓展文化遗产保护领域，强化文化遗产保护中政府的主体责任，并通过立法，鼓励社会、个人积极参与保护传承，增强了全社会的保护意识，形成了政府主导、部门协作、社会参与的历史文化遗产保护大格局，全面提升了文化遗产保护能力，确保文化遗产的突出价值、真实性和完整性永续传承。随着“北京中轴线——中国理想都城秩序的杰作”列入《世界遗产名录》，我国世界遗产总数达59项，列入联合国教科文组织非遗名录、名册的项目达43项，中国国家博物馆、中国科学技术馆、南京博物院、苏州博物馆、湖南博物院、湖北省博物馆、广东省博物馆等7家博物馆名列全球前20。中国成为名副其实的世界文化遗产大国，是《世界遗产公约》的拥护者、推动者和践行者。

Fourth, the advantages of cultural resources are continuously being transformed into advantages for cultural development. In line with the increasingly developed digital technology, the newly revised *Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics* stipulates: “The state strengthens the construction of information technology for cultural relic protection, encourages the development of digital work for cultural relic protection, and promotes the digital collection, display, and utilization of cultural relic resources.” This brings entirely new audiovisual art experiences to consumers. For example, Tencent and the Dunhuang Academy have successively launched the “Digital Sutra Cave” time-travel participatory museum, digital donors, the “Cloud Tour Dunhuang” mini-program, and Dunhuang animated dramas. Through innovative digital products, they have promoted more cultural relic resources to go “online” and “into the cloud,” exploring multiple pathways to popularize Dunhuang culture among the public. The cultural and creative industry has become a “standard feature” of museums. According to incomplete statistics, the Palace Museum’s cultural and creative products cover many types, including calligraphy and painting artworks, beauty and fashion products, and cultural derivatives, with sales reaching 1 billion yuan in 2016. As of 2023, the Sanxingdui Museum, the Shanghai Museum, and the National Museum of China also had annual operating revenues exceeding 100 million yuan, and for some large museums, revenue from cultural and creative products accounted for two-thirds or even more of total revenue.

第四，不断把文化资源优势转化为文化发展优势。与日益发展的数字化技术相适应，新修订的《中华人民共和国文物保护法》规定：“国家加强文物保护信息化建设，鼓励开展文物保护数字化工作，推进文物资源数字化采集和展示利用。”这为消费者带来全新的视听艺术体验。例如腾讯与敦煌研究院先后推出了“数字藏经洞”超时空参与式博物馆、数字供养人、“云游敦煌”小程序和敦煌动画剧等，通过创新数字产品，推动更多文物资源上“线”入“云”，探索向大众普及敦煌文化的多种路径。文化创意产业成为博物馆的“标配”。据不完全统计，故宫博物院的文创产品涵盖了书画艺术品、美妆服装、文化衍生品等诸多类型，其2016年的销售额已达10亿元。截至2023年，三星堆博物馆、上海博物馆、中国国家博物馆年经营流水也超过亿元，部分大型博物馆的文创类收入占到了总营收的三分之二甚至以上。

Cultural heritage has become a source of creative inspiration. Cultural variety shows skillfully integrate cultural resources such as cultural relics and archaeology, literature and art, classic texts, and human customs with television variety formats, using omnimedia dissemination to find entirely new expressive pathways for the transmission and dissemination of Chinese cultural heritage. This brings cultural heritage to the public, ignites a new wave of enthusiasm for Chinese-style trends, and leads new fashions in the “guochao” (Chinese-style trend) [n11]. For example, the “Chinese Festivals” series of programs sparked a viewing frenzy among audiences, with total online dissemination exceeding 140 billion person-times. The program *Intangible Cultural Heritage in China* was watched and interacted with over 7.54 billion times. Cultural heritage has become an important subject matter for films, dance dramas, web series, online literature, games, animation, short videos, and more. According to incomplete statistics, from 2012 to September 2024, approximately 200 Chinese dance dramas premiered, with works and box office revenue on themes of fine traditional Chinese culture accounting for half of all subject matter types. Cultural heritage is the core resource and support for the cultural tourism industry. The state encourages fields such as culture, history, art, science and technology, education, and sports, as well as industries such as industry, agriculture, and services, to provide high-quality study tourism resources to society, promoting high-quality tourism development. In 2023, 55 national archaeological site parks received a total of over 67 million visitors, a year-on-year increase of 135%, and revenue from tickets, related cultural and creative products, and archaeological study tourism reached 4.475 billion yuan, an increase of 1.176 billion yuan year-on-year. Data show that in 2023, the output value of China’s rural tourism industry exceeded 900 billion yuan. The rural tourism industry has become an important form of business for rural development, playing a positive role in promoting rural development. The integration of cultural heritage with modern lifestyles has given rise to “guofeng” (Chinese-style trends) and “guochao.” Wearing Hanfu, listening to traditional music, watching cultural variety shows, and visiting cultural attractions have become new consumption trends.

文化遗产成为创作的源泉。文化类综艺节目将文物考古、文学艺术、典籍著作、人文风俗等文化资源与电视综艺巧妙融合，全媒体传播，为中华文化遗产的传承、传播找到了全新的表达路径，使文化遗产走向大众，燃起国风新热度，引领国潮新时尚。如，“中国节日”系列节目在观众中掀起收视热潮，全网传播量突破1400亿人（次）。《非遗里的中国》收看及互动人次超过75.4亿。文化遗产成为电影、舞剧、网剧、网络文学、游戏、动漫、短视频等创作的重要题材。据不完全统计，2012年至2024年9月首演的中国舞剧约200余部，中华优秀传统文化题材的剧目与票房占到了全部题材类型的半壁江山。文化遗产是文旅产业的核心资源与支撑。国家鼓励文化、历史、艺术、科技、教育、体育等领域和工业、农业、服务业等行业面向社会提供优质研学旅游资源，促进旅游高质量发展。2023年，55家国家考古遗址公园接待游客总量超6700万人次，同比增长135%，门票及相关文创、考古研学等文旅消费收入44.75亿元，同比增加11.76亿元。数据显示，2023年我国乡村旅游业产值超9000亿元。乡村旅游产业已成为乡村发展的重要业态，对于乡村发展起着积极的推动作用。文化遗产与现代生活方式融合形成了“国风”“国潮”，穿汉服、听民乐、看文化综艺、游文化景点成为新型消费潮流。

Fifth, the digital cultural industry has become an important new force in developing new quality productive forces. Driven by the national cultural digitization strategy and related policies, the scale of China’s digital cultural industry market has continued to expand and improve in quality. New cultural business forms characterized by digitization, networking, and intelligence have developed rapidly, becoming an important component of the digital economy and its core industries, with a continuously increasing contribution rate to effectively supporting economic growth. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2023, the operating revenue of 16 industry subcategories with relatively obvious characteristics of new cultural business forms nationwide surged from 1.99 trillion yuan in 2019 to 5.24 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.6 times. In the first three quarters of 2024, cultural enterprises above designated size achieved operating revenue of 9.9668 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.9% year-on-year. Among them, the 16 industry subcategories with relatively obvious characteristics of new cultural business forms achieved operating revenue of 4.1616 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.0% year-on-year. In terms of industry operating revenue, the operating revenue of the national internet and related service industry grew steadily, from 1.597001 trillion yuan in 2020 to 2.777151 trillion yuan in 2023, a growth rate of 73.9%. In 2023, online literature, online games, and the film and television industry advanced hand in hand, forming the “new three items” of cultural going global [n12]. In 2024, the domestic game *Black Myth: Wukong* perfectly combined traditional Chinese culture with modern gaming technology, setting a new record for domestic games with total sales exceeding 4.5 million copies on its first day and total sales exceeding 1.5 billion yuan, driving the filming locations and tourist attractions in the game to become popular destinations.

第五，数字文化产业成为发展新质生产力的重要生力军。在国家文化数字化战略及政策推动下，我国数字文化产业市场规模持续扩容提质，以数字化、网络化、智能化为主要特征的文化新业态快速发展，已经成为数字经济及其核心产业的重要组成部分，对有效支撑经济增长的贡献率不断提高。据国家统计局数据显示，2023年全国文化新业态特征较为明显的16个行业小类实现的营业收入由2019年的1.99万亿元飙升至5.24万亿元，增长2.6倍。2024年前三季度，规模以上文化企业实现营业收入99668亿元，比上年同期增长5.9%。其中，文化新业态特征较为明显的16个行业小类实现营业收入41616亿元，比上年同期增长10.0%。从行业营业收入看，全国互联网和相关服务业营业收入稳步增长。从2020年的15970.01亿元增长至2023年的27771.51亿元，增长率高达73.9%。2023年，网络文学、网络游戏及影视产业携手并进，构成了文化出海“新三样”。2024年国产游戏《黑神话：悟空》将中国传统文化与现代游戏技术完美结合，创下首日总销量超过450万份、总销售额超过15亿元的国产游戏新记录，带动游戏中的取景地和旅游景点成为热门目的地。

Sixth, to flourish the garden of world civilizations and contribute to the progress of human civilization. China actively participates in global

第六，繁荣世界文明百花园，为人类文明进步贡献力量。我国积极参与文化遗产领域全球治理和公共产品供给。我国是“国际濒危文化遗产基金”的首批出资国和董事国。中国多次当选联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会委员国，参与了《保护非物质文化遗产公约》操作指南的制定和修订工作；与联合国教科文组织共同举办了八届中国成都国际非物质文化遗产节，于北京合作建立了亚太地区非物质文化遗产国际培训中心。我国成为文化遗产国际合作与治理的中坚力量。2023年4月，发起成立亚洲文化遗产保护联盟，联盟成员国、伙伴国、观察员国数量达到20个。我国一直积极开展文物保护援外工程，政府间文物方面交流与合作不断深化，中国与多个国家签署双边协定或合作谅解备忘录，已在亚洲、非洲、欧洲、美洲20多个国家开展了40余项联合考古，与我国周边6国开展11处文物保护修复合作。在已经成立丝绸之路国际剧院、艺术节、博物馆、美术馆、图书馆联盟的基础上，成立丝绸之路旅游城市联盟。继续实施“丝绸之路”中国政府奖学金项目。举办“良渚论坛”、世界古典学大会，在雅典设立中国古典文明研究院，为世界搭建了文明交流互鉴的新平台，开展国际学术交流与合作，闪耀出平等、互鉴、包容的文明之光，昭示了文明交汇、交流、交融和谐相处的路径。

Source: *People’s Tribune*, Issue No. 23, 2024

文章来源：《人民论坛》2024年第23期

Online editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆