Exploring Ways to Enhance the Efficacy of Ideological and Political Work Discourse in the New Era

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to ideological and political work, convening in succession the Military Political Work Conference, the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities, the Symposium for Teachers of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Schools, and the National Conference on Propaganda, Ideological and Cultural Work. General Secretary Xi Jinping has delivered important speeches and issued important instructions, providing fundamental guidance for conducting ideological and political work in the New Era. [1]1 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012. The Military Political Work Conference (2014), the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities (2016), the Symposium for Teachers of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Schools (2019), and the National Conference on Propaganda, Ideological and Cultural Work (2023) are key meetings where Xi Jinping set guidelines for Party ideological work. In light of the requirement to “construct a discourse system with its own distinctive features” raised by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the Symposium on Philosophy and Social Sciences Work, we reflect on optimizing the discourse system of ideological and political work from the three dimensions of discourse objects, discourse content, and discourse subjects; grasp the typical habits of discourse among the objects of ideological and political work; refine new types of discourse that are easily understood and accepted by the objects of ideological and political work; clarify the subject responsibilities for promoting the governance of ideological and political work discourse; enhance the pertinence, affinity, and appeal of ideological and political work discourse; and further improve the efficacy of ideological and political work in the New Era.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视思想政治工作，先后召开了全军政治工作会议、全国高校思想政治工作会议、学校思想政治理论课教师座谈会、全国宣传思想文化工作会议等，习近平总书记发表了重要讲话、作出了重要指示，为做好新时代思想政治工作提供了根本遵循。结合习近平总书记在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上提出的“构建具有自身特质的话语体系”要求，我们从话语对象、话语内容和话语主体的三重维度，思忖优化思想政治工作话语体系，把握思想政治工作对象话语的典型习性，提炼易被思想政治工作对象理解接受的新式话语，明确推动思想政治工作话语治理的主体责任，提升思想政治工作话语的针对性、亲和力和感染力，进一步提升新时代思想政治工作的效能。

I. Precisely Grasp the Typical Habits of Discourse among the Objects of Ideological and Political Work

一、精准把握思想政治工作对象话语的典型习性

In the New Era, the objects of ideological and political work exhibit social characteristics such as accelerated differentiation of generational groups, a higher proportion of the population with advanced education, and new types of occupations. This raises demands for segmenting, stratifying, and grouping the targets of ideological and political work, making it urgent to enhance the pertinence and precision of ideological and political work discourse.

新时代，思想政治工作对象呈现出代际群体加速分化、人口高学历化和职业新型化等社会特征，这对思想政治工作提出了分众、分层、分群化要求，亟需提升思想政治工作话语的针对性和精准度。

1. Understand the receptive discourse favored by the objects of ideological and political work. Ideological and political work is a process in which the subject, through various discourse forms such as texts, sounds, images, and symbols that carry the function of ideological and political education, and by means such as inculcation, exchange, and inspiration, enables the objects to inwardly accept and identify with the relevant content and consciously transform it into external behavior. Among these, whether the discourse is “pleasing to the ear” and can be accepted by the objects is the primary factor affecting the effectiveness of ideological and political work. On the one hand, it is necessary to deeply analyze the educational level, psychological characteristics, and ideological state of the discourse objects, understand what discourse they like to “hear,” and then “say” the corresponding discourse in a targeted manner. On the other hand, corresponding inculcative or propagandistic discourse, communicative or heuristic discourse should be selected according to different groups and contexts; one cannot rely on “equipping a universal discourse key” to open the “ideological locks” of different objects. At the same time, it must be noted that catering to preferences is not about blindly pandering; particular vigilance is required against the tendency toward “pan-entertainment.” [2]2 “Pan-entertainment” refers to the tendency to treat serious or political content as mere entertainment, reducing its gravity and ideological integrity. The “pan-entertainment” discourse model can dissolve the seriousness of ideological and political work, undermine the integrity of Marxist ideology, weaken the discursive function of ideological and political work, and reduce the degree of acceptance and identification with the discourse.

1.了解思想政治工作对象喜爱的接受性话语。思想政治工作是主体通过各种承载着思想政治教育功能的文本、声音、图像、符号等话语形式，以灌输、交流、启发等方式，让对象内心接受和认同相关内容，并自觉转化为外在行为的过程。其中，话语是否入耳“中听”，能否被对象所接受，是影响思想政治工作成效的首要因素。一方面，要深入分析话语对象的文化水平、心理特征和思想状况，了解其喜爱“听什么”话语，然后针对性地“说什么”话语。另一方面，要根据不同人群和语境选择相应的灌输性或宣传性话语、沟通式或启发式话语，不能靠“配一把万能话语钥匙”去打开不同对象的“思想心锁”。同时需要注意，投其所好并非一味迎合，必须特别警惕“泛娱乐化”倾向。“泛娱乐化”话语模式会消解思想政治工作严肃性，破坏马克思主义意识形态完整性，削弱思想政治工作话语功能，降低话语的接受度和认同度。

2. Analyze the expressive discourse preferred by the objects of ideological and political work. Currently, the social division of labor is increasingly refined; everyone is situated within a complex network of social relations, interwoven into various industry circles, professional circles, interest circles, and friendship circles. The jargon and in-group language of different circles vary greatly in style, and discursive expression is colorful and multifaceted. “The speech of the elderly and the speech of young people are clearly different; the speech of men and the speech of women are not entirely the same either; people’s speech in formal and informal settings also differs. These variations in language are evidently intrinsically linked to social factors such as age, gender, and environment.” [3]3 This quotation is from a Chinese sociolinguistics source, illustrating how language variation correlates with social factors. Some like to say the opposite of what they mean, others say the opposite of what they mean positively, and still others have implied meanings or overtones. In addition, attention must also be paid to non-verbal linguistic expressions, such as body movements, performance art, specific symbols, and internet emojis, which contain richer emotions and are extremely popular with the masses. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply investigate the expressive behaviors, preferences, and habits of the discourse objects, analyze what they like “how to speak” and the true meaning of “speaking this way,” and then use expressive discourse that they find pleasing, achieving “one key opens one lock.”

2.分析思想政治工作对象喜好的表达性话语。当前，社会分工日益细化，每个人都处在复杂的社会关系网络中，交织在各种行业圈、职业圈、兴趣圈、朋友圈里，各类行话、圈话风格迥异，话语表达多彩多面。“老年人说话和青年人说话明显不同，男子说话和女子说话也不完全一样，正式场合和非正式场合人们说话也有差别，这些语言上出现的变异显然是和年龄、性别、环境等社会因素有着内在的联系。”有喜欢正话反说的，也有反话正说的，还有话外之意、弦外之音的。此外，还要注意非文字性语言表达，如肢体动作、行为艺术、特定符号、网络表情包等，其蕴涵的情感更为丰富，且极易受大众追捧。因此，要深入考察话语对象的表达行为、喜好和习惯，分析其喜好“怎样说话”和“这样说话”的真实之意，进而用其喜闻乐见的表达性话语，实现“一把钥匙开一把锁”。

3. Master the action-oriented discourse favored by the objects of ideological and political work. “Language is practical, real consciousness that exists for other people as well, and therefore for me too”; discourse is “a richer and more complex concrete social form formed by the combination of language and speech.” [4]4 The first quotation is from Marx and Engels, *The German Ideology*; the second is a Chinese scholarly definition of discourse as a social form combining language and speech. The most important element in discourse is its force, that is, “the actual power of discourse to influence people and society,” which is also the vitality of discourse. Discourse is an expressive symbol of practical activity; practice is its essential attribute, and discursive force is the action power of discourse. Discourse lacking discursive force cannot become appealing discourse. “What to say” and “how to say it” must ultimately be implemented in “how to act,” meaning that discourse content and discourse expression both serve discursive action. Ideological and political work is fundamentally about working with people, making them “convinced orally, convinced in their hearts, and trustful” through reasoning. It is necessary to explore action-oriented discourse that is deeply liked by the masses, easy for the masses to master, conducive to mass participation, possesses profound discursive force, and can provide theoretical guidance for the masses.

3.掌握思想政治工作对象喜欢的行动性话语。“语言是一种实践的、既为别人存在因而也为我自身而存在的、现实的意识”，话语则是“语言与言语结合而成的更丰富和复杂的具体社会形态”。话语中最重要的就是语力，即“话语影响人和社会的现实作用力”，也是话语的生命力所在。话语是实践活动的表达符号，实践是其本质属性，语力则是话语的行动力量，缺少语力的话语不能成为有感染力的话语。“说什么”和“怎样说”最终都要落实到“如何做”，即话语内容和话语表达均要服务于话语行动。思想政治工作从根本上说是做人的工作，是通过讲道理让人“口服心服信服”。要探寻深受群众喜欢、易于群众掌握、利于群众参与，具有深厚语力，能为群众提供理论指导的行动性话语。

II. Refine New Types of Discourse Easily Understood and Accepted by the Objects of Ideological and Political Work

二、提炼易被思想政治工作对象理解接受的新式话语

Ideological and political work in the New Era should strive to enhance the “supply quality” of discourse content and innovate discourse forms. It must accomplish discourse transformation, make good use of online intelligent media, integrate theory with practice, seek educational discourse that people can understand, propagandistic discourse that people can absorb, and action-oriented discourse that can be implemented, and refine new types of discourse easily understood and accepted by the objects of ideological and political work.

新时代思想政治工作应着力提升话语内容“供给质量”和创新话语形式，要做好话语转化、用好网络智媒、理论联系实际，探寻让人听得懂的教育话语、听得进的宣传话语和行得通的行动话语，提炼易被思想政治工作对象理解接受的新式话语。

1. Accomplish discourse transformation, meticulously organize educational discourse that can be understood. First, transform “political discourse” into “life discourse” close to daily life. In the New Era, the Party’s theoretical innovation has developed rapidly, producing new political terms such as “the Chinese Dream” and “comprehensive and strict governance of the Party.” It is necessary to be adept at transforming these “political discourses” into “life discourses” such as “the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will not be achieved easily, with beating gongs and drums” and “hunting tigers, swatting flies, and chasing foxes,” [5]5 “Hunting tigers, swatting flies, and chasing foxes” is a colloquial metaphor for the anti-corruption campaign targeting high-ranking officials (“tigers”), low-level officials (“flies”), and those who flee abroad (“foxes”). educating Party cadres and members that they must never have the idea of “taking a breather or resting their feet.” Second, transform “theoretical discourse” into “mass discourse” close to the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era requires a large number of talents who can tell the story of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context well, speaking in language that the people can understand and absorb, so that the Party’s innovative theories ‘fly into the homes of ordinary people.’” [6]6 This quotation is from Xi Jinping’s speech at the 2018 National Conference on Propaganda and Thought Work, emphasizing the need to make Party theory accessible to ordinary people. In particular, it is necessary to innovate the discourse content and dissemination methods for rural propaganda, transforming the Party’s theories into local discourse that villagers can understand, guiding the masses to unwaveringly listen to the Party and follow the Party, and promoting rural modernization in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Third, transform “academic discourse” into “work discourse” close to reality. Academic research should focus on the key, difficult, and hot issues of ideological and political work, take root downward to be “down-to-earth,” make “academic discourse” rise upward to be “fresh and lively,” and transform it into “work discourse” close to reality that is “full of vitality,” so that persuading the masses will be “backed by confidence.” Fourth, mutually transform “online discourse” and “real-world discourse” into “popular discourse.” Ideological and political work has both virtual and real fields; it is necessary to break down discursive barriers and educate and inspire the masses with plain and easy-to-understand discourse. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s frequently used phrase “roll up our sleeves and work harder” is a model of the mutual transformation and mutual use of “online discourse” and “real-world discourse” into a “pleasing to the ear” golden saying.

1.做好话语转化，精心组织听得懂的教育话语。一要将“政治话语”转化为贴近生活的“生活话语”。新时代，党的理论创新飞速发展，产生了“中国梦”“全面从严治党”等政治新语。要善于将这些“政治话语”转化为“中华民族伟大复兴绝不是轻轻松松、敲锣打鼓就能实现的”“打虎、拍蝇、猎狐”之类的“生活话语”，教育广大党员干部绝不能有“松口气、歇歇脚”的想法。二要将“理论话语”转化为贴近群众的“大众话语”。习近平总书记指出：“新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义，需要大批能把马克思主义中国化讲好的人才，讲人民群众听得懂、听得进的话语，让党的创新理论‘飞入寻常百姓家’。”特别要创新面向农村宣讲的话语内容和传播方式，把党的理论转化为村民听得懂的乡土话语，引导群众坚定不移听党话、跟党走，在统筹城乡发展中推进乡村现代化。三要将“学术话语”转化为贴近实际的“工作话语”。学术研究要聚焦思想政治工作重点难点热点，向下扎根“接地气”，使“学术话语”向上“冒热气”，并将其转化为贴近实际“有生气”的“工作话语”，说服群众才会“有底气”。四要将“网络话语”与“现实话语”互化为“通俗话语”。思想政治工作有虚拟与现实两个场域，要打破话语壁垒，用通俗易懂的话语教育、鼓舞群众。习近平总书记常用的“撸起袖子加油干”，就是“网络话语”与“现实话语”互化互用为“入耳”金句的典范。

2. Make good use of online intelligent media to precisely disseminate propaganda discourse that people are willing to hear. First, we must grasp the "mainstream" and promptly occupy new fronts for online ideological and political work. We must follow the online mass line, precisely locate the masses in areas of high traffic generation and inflow, and pay special attention to new media platforms known as "traffic kings" and "follower kings." Relevant departments should promptly establish a presence on such platforms, actively occupy these new fronts, and precisely disseminate propaganda discourse in the active areas of the masses' "ideational brains." Second, we must lead the "trend" and shape a new image of online ideological and political work discourse. We must establish new propaganda concepts for the era of intelligent media, innovate content and forms, and actively create "traffic," attract "follower volume," and lead the "trend." For example, by leveraging artificial intelligence, synthesis technology, and virtual simulation, using forms such as 3D animation, short videos, and AI anchors, we can package rigid "political discourse," profound "theoretical discourse," and obscure "academic discourse" into vivid and lively new-style propaganda discourse. Third, we must block the "countercurrent" and clear away the discursive filth that disrupts the order of cyberspace. In the internet age, the volume of information grows exponentially, and various harmful information, noise and dissonance, and ideological "countercurrents" take advantage of the situation to invade, polluting the online ecology and disrupting online order. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes: "We must maintain a high degree of political vigilance and political discernment regarding these situations, closely coordinate online and offline efforts, and must not be in a fog, nor allow these people to spread rumors, stir up trouble, and fish in troubled waters." [7]7 Xi Jinping, "Speech at the Central Conference on Work Related to Cyberspace Affairs" (April 19, 2016), in *Excerpts from Xi Jinping's Discussion on the Overall National Security Concept*, Central Party Literature Press, 2018 edition, p. 111. We must ensure that mainstream ideological propaganda discourse circulates unimpeded in cyberspace, thoroughly eliminate "online impurities" and "ideational filth," and ensure that cyberspace is full of positive energy and resounds with the main theme.

2.用好网络智媒，精准投放听得进的宣传话语。一要抓住“主流”，及时占领网络思想政治工作新阵地。要走好网络群众路线，在流量产生高地和汇入洼地，精准找到群众，特别留意那些被称为“引流大王”“吸粉大王”的新媒体平台。相关部门应及时入驻这类平台，主动占领这些新阵地，将宣传话语精准地投放在群众“思想大脑”的活跃地。二要引领“潮流”，塑造网络思想政治工作话语新形象。要树立智媒时代宣传新理念，创新内容形式，主动创造“流量”、吸引“粉量”和引领“潮流”。如借助人工智能、合成技术和虚拟仿真，用3D动画、短视频和AI主播等形式，将生硬的“政治话语”、深奥的“理论话语”和晦涩的“学术话语”包装为形象生动的新式宣传话语。三要阻断“逆流”，清除搅乱网络空间秩序的话语污垢。网络时代，信息量呈指数级增长，各种有害信息、杂音噪音和思想“逆流”乘势袭来，污染网络生态，搅乱网络秩序。习近平总书记强调：“对这些情况，要有高度的政治警惕性和政治鉴别力，线上线下要密切联动，不能云里来、雾里去，决不能任由这些人造谣生事、煽风点火、浑水摸鱼。”要让主流意识形态宣传话语在网络空间畅通无阻，彻底清除“网络杂质”和“思想污垢”，确保网络空间正能量充沛、主旋律高昂。

3. Integrate theory with practice, meticulously refining actionable discourse that works. First, we must explain the practical reasons for the action discourse of "why to do it." In reality, one reason why ideological and political work discourse struggles to truly reach people's hearts is that the discourse is overly theoretical and grand narrative, creating the illusion for individuals that it has no direct relation to themselves. We must carefully refine action discourse closely related to the actual circumstances of the work targets, enabling them to understand the reasons for "doing it this way." Second, we must clarify the practical purpose of the action discourse of "what to do." Discourse must have a clear target orientation, clearly explaining the purpose of "doing." It must not only explain the phased goals of "doing," allowing people to anticipate in advance the process of hard work and struggle and the twists and turns in the development of things, but also point out the ultimate goals of "doing," enabling people to perceive in advance the results of diligent effort and the brightness of the future path. Finally, we must clearly explain the methods for realizing the action discourse of "how to do it." Methods are the pathways, steps, and means to achieve goals, and they are also the bridge from theoretical discourse to practical action. Discourse that loses its methods of realization is like a stagnant pool of dead water, unable to stir up ripples of action, at most becoming the "golden rule" of dogmatists. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC points out: "From now on, the central task of the Communist Party of China is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to comprehensively build a great modern socialist country, achieve the Second Centenary Goal, and comprehensively advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization." [8]8 Xi Jinping, "Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects" — Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (October 16, 2022), *People's Daily*, October 26, 2022. This sentence clarifies that the goal of struggle is to achieve the great cause of "national rejuvenation and strength," the method of realization is "the Party uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country" and "comprehensively advancing through Chinese-path modernization," and the practical reason is the "central task of the Communist Party of China" stipulated by the "new journey of the New Era." It is an example of action discourse that organically unifies reasons, goals, and methods.

3.理论联系实际，精细凝练行得通的行动话语。首先，要阐释“为何干”的行动话语现实缘由。现实中，思想政治工作话语难以真正直抵人心，原因之一就是话语过于理论说教和宏大叙事，让个体产生与自身没有直接关系的错觉。要精心凝练与工作对象实际紧密相关的行动话语，使其明白“这样干”的理由。其次，要明确“干什么”的行动话语实践目的。话语要有鲜明的目标指向，讲清楚“干”的目的，不仅要说明“干”的阶段目标，让人预先知晓奋斗实干的过程性和事物发展的曲折性，还要指明“干”的最终目标，使人预先感知奋进苦干的结果和未来前途的光明。最后，要讲清“怎样干”的行动话语实现方法。方法是达成目标的途径、步骤和手段，也是理论话语通向现实行动的桥梁。失去实现方法的话语就像一潭寂静的死水，荡不起行动的涟漪，最多只能成为教条主义者的“金科玉律”。党的二十大报告指出：“从现在起，中国共产党的中心任务就是团结带领全国各族人民全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴。”这句话明确了奋斗目标是实现“强国复兴”伟业，实现方法是“党团结带领全国各族人民”和“以中国式现代化全面推进”，现实原因是“新时代新征程”所规定的“中国共产党的中心任务”，是把原因、目标和方法有机统一起来的行动话语范例。

III. Clarify the Main Responsibilities for the Governance of Ideological and Political Work Discourse

三、明确推动思想政治工作话语治理的主体责任

On the new journey of the New Era, the general framework for ideological and political work has basically taken shape, and the discourse subjects show a trend of diversified development. While expanding the sources of discourse, this also increases the difficulty of discourse management and the risk of discourse crises. From the perspective of discourse governance, discourse subjects can be divided into leadership subjects, management subjects, and research subjects. The three should each perform their own duties, divide labor and cooperate, and jointly promote the collaborative governance of ideological and political work discourse. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the responsibilities among these discourse subjects, and from the three aspects of discourse production, discourse management, and discourse research, promote the construction of ideological and political work discourse in an integrated manner, continuously improving the level and effectiveness of ideological and political work in the New Era.

新时代新征程，思想政治工作大格局基本形成，话语主体呈现多样化发展趋势，在拓展话语来源渠道的同时，也增加了话语管理难度和话语危机风险。以话语治理为视角，可将话语主体划分为领导主体、管理主体和研究主体，三者应各司其职、分工协作，合力推动思想政治工作话语的协同治理。因此，必须明确各话语主体之间的责任，从话语生产、话语管理和话语研究三个方面，一体化推进思想政治工作话语建设，不断提升新时代思想政治工作水平和绩效。

1. Adhere to the Party's leadership over the production of ideological and political work discourse. The Constitution of the Communist Party of China stipulates: "The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. The Party is the highest political leadership force." [9]9 *Constitution of the Communist Party of China*, *People's Daily*, October 23, 2022. Among the many discourse subjects, the subject that plays a decisive, directional, and leading role is the Communist Party of China. On the one hand, adhering to the Party's leadership over the production of ideological and political work discourse is fundamentally about upholding the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological domain. "Marxism is the fundamental guiding ideology for our Party and country to establish themselves and build the nation; it is the soul and banner of our Party." [10]10 Ideological and political work discourse is not ordinary discourse; it is discourse that carries mainstream ideology, and its ideological attribute is its essential attribute. On the other hand, adhering to the Party's leadership over the production of ideological and political work discourse is most importantly about adhering to a people-centered approach. "The Communist Party of China has always represented the fundamental interests of the broadest majority of the people, sharing weal and woe and life and death with the people, and has no special interests of its own. It has never represented any interest groups, any powerful groups, or any privileged strata." [11]11 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Party School Work,” 12 December 2015. We must adhere to the mass line in discourse production, be adept at extracting, refining, and innovating ideological and political work discourse from the everyday language of the people, and use the people's discourse to educate, inspire, and serve the people.

1.坚持党对思想政治工作话语生产的领导。《中国共产党章程》规定：“中国共产党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征，是中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势，党是最高政治领导力量。”在诸多话语主体中，起决定性、方向性和领导性的主体是中国共产党。一方面，坚持党对思想政治工作话语生产的领导，最根本的是坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位。“马克思主义是我们立党立国的根本指导思想，是我们党的灵魂和旗帜。”思想政治工作话语不是普通话语，而是承载着主流意识形态的话语，意识形态属性是其本质属性。另一方面，坚持党对思想政治工作话语生产的领导，最重要的是坚持以人民为中心。“中国共产党始终代表最广大人民根本利益，与人民休戚与共、生死相依，没有任何自己特殊的利益，从来不代表任何利益集团、任何权势团体、任何特权阶层的利益。”要坚持话语生产的群众路线，善于从人民日常用语中提取、凝练和创新思想政治工作话语，用人民话语教育、鼓舞和服务人民。

2. Consolidate the responsibility of various localities and departments for the management of ideological and political work discourse. Ideological and political work is a systematic project. All localities and departments must adhere to Xi Jinping Thought on Culture as a guide, fulfill their discourse management responsibilities, and form an effective joint force where the Party and government work together to manage. First, Party committees at all levels must assume political and leadership responsibilities, strengthen the analysis, judgment, and overall guidance of major issues in the field of ideological and political work, and continuously improve their discourse leadership capabilities and management levels. We must establish the work concept of "grand ideological and political education," mobilize all fronts and all departments to work together, and more closely integrate the management of ideological and political work discourse with administrative management, industry management, and social management in various fields. Second, "propaganda and ideological departments bear very important responsibilities and must guard their territory, be responsible for their territory, and fulfill their duties in their territory." [12]12 These three terms (“thought supply station, theory refueling station, and academic charging station”) are a rhetorical formulation used in Chinese political discourse to describe the role of Party schools in providing ideological and theoretical support to cadres. The management of ideological and political work discourse is an important part of ideological work. Propaganda and ideological departments at all levels should strengthen the management of various online and offline fronts, dare to draw the sword and dare to struggle, and effectively prevent and resolve various ideological risks. Third, education departments should strengthen the guidance and supervision of ideological and political work in schools, assisting schools in effectively preventing and handling discourse crises and public opinion risks. In particular, they should guide universities, middle schools, and primary schools to strengthen the construction of teacher ethics and conduct, classroom teaching discipline management, and youth ideological and political education, promptly assess and handle public opinion, and avoid losing voice, losing responsibility, or losing control in public opinion handling. Finally, other departments should actively integrate into the "grand ideological and political education" framework, jointly build a solid line of defense for ideological security, and create a favorable environment for optimizing ideological and political work discourse.

2.夯实各地、各部门对思想政治工作话语管理的责任。思想政治工作是一项系统工程，各地、各部门必须坚持以习近平文化思想为指引，履行话语管理职责，形成党政齐抓共管的有效合力。首先，各级党委要负起政治责任和领导责任，加强对思想政治工作领域重大问题的分析研判和统筹指导，不断提升话语领导能力和管理水平。要树立“大思政”工作理念，发动各条战线、各个部门一起来做，把思想政治工作话语管理同各个领域的行政管理、行业管理、社会管理更加紧密地结合起来。其次，“宣传思想部门承担着十分重要的职责，必须守土有责、守土负责、守土尽责”。思想政治工作话语管理是意识形态工作的重要组成部分，各级宣传思想部门应加强对线上线下各类阵地的管理，敢于亮剑、敢于斗争，有效防范化解各类意识形态风险。再次，教育部门要加强对学校思想政治工作的指导监督，协助学校有效防范处理话语危机和舆情风险。特别要指导大中小学强化师德师风建设、课堂教学纪律管理和青少年思想政治教育，及时研判和处置舆情，避免在舆情处理中失声失语失控。最后，其他部门要主动融入“大思政”工作格局，携手筑牢意识形态安全防线，为优化思想政治工作话语创造良好环境。

3. Strengthen the theoretical research on ideological and political work discourse by the "Five Armies." [13]13 The Long March (1934–1935) was a strategic military retreat by the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party to evade the encirclement of Nationalist forces, covering approximately 10,000 kilometers. The Long March Spirit is one of the core spirits in the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists, emphasizing perseverance, sacrifice, and revolutionary heroism. "Theory can grasp the masses once it persuades people; and theory can persuade people once it is thorough." [14] The "Five Armies" of philosophy and social sciences should strengthen theoretical research on discourse, enhance the theoretical nature of reasoning and the persuasiveness of discourse, so that discourse can better persuade the masses and unite people's hearts.

3.加强“五路大军”对思想政治工作话语的学理性研究。“理论只要说服人，就能掌握群众；而理论只要彻底，就能说服人。”哲学社会科学“五路大军”要加强话语学理性研究，增强道理的理论性和话语的说服力，从而使话语更能说服群众、凝聚人心。

First, institutions of higher education should focus on implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing talent [11]11 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Party School Work,” 12 December 2015., and strengthen the scholarly research on the discourse of ideological and political work in colleges and universities. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, “Ideological and political

第一，高校要围绕落实立德树人根本任务，加强高校思想政治工作话语学理性研究。习近平总书记指出，“高校思想政治工作关系高校培养什么样的人、如何培养人以及为谁培养人这个根本问题。要坚持把立德树人作为中心环节，把思想政治工作贯穿教育教学全过程”。要发挥高校科研人才高地优势，把党政干部、团干部、思政课教师、哲学社会科学课教师、辅导员和心理教师“六支队伍”调动起来，加强有利于大学生成长成才的高校思想政治工作话语学理性研究。

Second, philosophy and social science research institutions should, centering on the overall work of the Party and the state, strengthen scholarly research on mass-oriented ideological and political work discourse that is conducive to consolidating unity and rallying support. Focusing on the central task of “comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization,” they should strengthen scholarly research on the discourse of consolidating unity and forging the soul with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thereby gathering strength for the great cause of national rejuvenation and building a strong country.

第二，哲学社会科学研究机构要围绕服务党和国家工作中心大局，加强有利于凝心聚力的群众性思想政治工作话语的学理性研究。要围绕“以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴”的中心任务，加强用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂的话语学理性研究，为强国复兴伟业汇聚力量。

Third, Party schools (schools of administration) should, centering on major issues in the ideological sphere, strengthen scholarly research conducive to improving the discourse capability of Party school students in ideological and political work. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized: “Party schools are not a paradise free from worldly concerns; Party school students come from all directions, hear and see many problems, and many major issues in the ideological sphere will converge in Party schools. This presents Party schools with the important task of strengthening research on ideology and theory.” [11]11 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Conference on Party School Work,” 12 December 2015. Party schools should proactively understand students’ ideological confusions, theoretical shortcomings, and group characteristics, and strengthen scholarly research that helps enhance their ideological and theoretical level and their discourse capability in ideological and political work, becoming a “thought supply station, theory refueling station, and academic charging station” for students. [12]12 These three terms (“thought supply station, theory refueling station, and academic charging station”) are a rhetorical formulation used in Chinese political discourse to describe the role of Party schools in providing ideological and theoretical support to cadres. Fourth, research institutions affiliated with Party and government departments should, in light of the actual work in their respective localities and fields, conduct scholarly research on ideological and political work discourse and leverage the think-tank function of research institutions. First, they should combine research on the Party’s innovative theories with practical work to enhance the theoretical nature of the discourse; second, they should combine research on local history and culture with practical work to enhance the cultural connotation and spiritual strength of the discourse; third, they should combine research on local economic and social development with practical work to deeply elucidate the discourse philosophy and scholarly principles contained in major local decisions and deployments. Fifth, military academies should, guided by Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military, focus on the goal of strengthening the military in the New Era and strengthen scholarly research on the discourse of military political work. Xi Jinping’s Thought on Strengthening the Military closely follows the goal of strengthening the military in the New Era, answering major strategic questions such as “what kind of people’s military to build in the New Era and how to build the people’s military.” It is necessary to deeply study the political power, ideological power, theoretical power, and practical power of this thought. It is also necessary to strengthen research on the history of the people’s military, its glorious traditions, and fine conduct, as well as research on the great spirit of the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists, such as the Long March Spirit, [13]13 The Long March (1934–1935) was a strategic military retreat by the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party to evade the encirclement of Nationalist forces, covering approximately 10,000 kilometers. The Long March Spirit is one of the core spirits in the spiritual lineage of Chinese Communists, emphasizing perseverance, sacrifice, and revolutionary heroism. to provide a living source for the construction of military political work discourse in the New Era.

第三，党校（行政学院）要围绕意识形态领域重大问题，加强有利于提高党校学员思想政治工作话语能力的学理性研究。习近平总书记强调：“党校不是世外桃源，党校学员来自四面八方，听到的、看到的问题很多，意识形态领域的许多重大问题都会在党校汇聚。这就给党校提出了加强思想理论研究的重要任务。”党校要主动了解学员的思想困惑、理论短板和群体特征，加强有助于提升其思想理论水平和思想政治工作话语能力的学理性研究，成为学员的“思想补给站、理论加油站和学术充电站”。第四，党政部门所属研究机构要结合各地、各自领域工作实际，开展思想政治工作话语的学理性研究，发挥研究机构的智库功能。一要把党的创新理论研究与实际工作相结合，提升话语的理论性；二要把地方历史文化研究与实际工作相结合，提升话语的文化内蕴和精神内力；三要把地方经济社会发展研究与实际工作相结合，深入阐释地方重大决策部署所蕴含的话语哲理和学理。第五，军队院校要以习近平强军思想为指导，围绕新时代强军目标，加强军队政治工作话语的学理性研究。习近平强军思想紧扣新时代强军目标，回答了“新时代建设一支什么样的人民军队，如何建设人民军队”等重大战略问题，要深入研究这一思想的政治伟力、思想伟力、理论伟力和实践伟力。还要加强对人民军队历史、光荣传统和优良作风研究，以及长征精神等中国共产党人精神谱系的伟大精神研究，为新时代军队政治工作话语建设提供源头活水。

Source: *School Party Building and Ideological Education*, Issue 23, 2024

文章来源：《学校党建与思想教育 》2024年第23期

Online Editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆