The Value Implications, Distinctive Advantages, and Realization Pathways of Strengthening the Party’s Leadership over Reform

The “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese-Path Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Decision”), adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, lists “upholding the Party’s overall leadership” as the primary principle for further comprehensively deepening reform. In his speech explaining the drafting of the Decision, General Secretary Xi Jinping also emphasized “focusing on strengthening the Party’s leadership over reform,” making clear that “the Party’s leadership is the fundamental guarantee for further comprehensively deepening reform and advancing Chinese-path modernization.” [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, held in November 2013, marked the launch of a new round of comprehensive deepening of reform under Xi Jinping’s leadership. To study and implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, we must deeply grasp the value implications, distinctive advantages, and realization pathways of strengthening the Party’s leadership over reform, effectively integrate Party leadership into all aspects and the entire process of reform, and ensure that the cause of further comprehensively deepening reform continues to develop steadily and far.

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》(以下简称《决定》)将“坚持党的全面领导”列为进一步全面深化改革的首要原则。习近平总书记在关于《决定》起草情况说明的讲话中也强调“注重加强党对改革的领导”,明确“党的领导是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的根本保证”88。学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神,必须深刻把握加强党对改革领导的价值意蕴、显著优势与实现路径,切实把党的领导贯穿改革各方面全过程,确保进一步全面深化改革事业不断发展、行稳致远。

I. The Value Implications of Strengthening the Party’s Leadership over Reform

一、加强党对改革领导的价值意蕴

Handling China’s affairs well depends on the Party. Party leadership is both the essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. Further comprehensively deepening reform is carried out under the Party’s leadership. Specifically, it injects strong certainty into whether to reform, in what direction to reform, how to reform, and on whom to rely for reform, providing a fundamental guarantee for ensuring the success of further comprehensively deepening reform. To uphold the Party’s leadership over further comprehensively deepening reform, we must fully grasp its value implications.

办好中国的事情,关键在党。党的领导既是中国特色社会主义的本质特征,也是中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势。进一步全面深化改革是在党的领导下进行的,具体而言,在改不改、往哪改、怎么改、靠谁改等方面为进一步全面深化改革注入了强大的确定性,为确保进一步全面深化改革的成功提供了根本保证。坚持党对进一步全面深化改革的领导,必须全面把握其价值意蕴。

(A) Forging a Strong Leadership Core for Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform

(一)为进一步全面深化改革锻造坚强领导核心

Whether horizontally across all areas of work or vertically throughout the entire process of national governance, the Party is the supreme political leadership force leading everything. China’s greatest national condition is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, which is the “stabilizing anchor” for overcoming all difficulties and risks. [2]2 The “Decision” refers to the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee in July 2024. In this regard, General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that “Party leadership is the fundamental guarantee for doing a good job in all work of the Party and the state,” [3]3 This quotation is from the aforementioned Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee. which is conducive to political stability, economic development, ethnic unity, and social stability. For a country as large as ours, to carry out such a broad and profound social transformation as reform, it is unimaginable without Party leadership; it would easily fall apart, and nothing could be accomplished. Only by upholding Party leadership can reform maintain the correct direction and achieve success. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, [4]4 “Stabilizing pillar” (定海神针) is a Chinese idiom referring to a stabilizing force or anchor, originally a mythical iron pillar used to calm the seas. in the face of profound changes in the conditions and realities of the times and a series of new contradictions and challenges, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, with great historical initiative and a strong sense of historical responsibility, has continuously driven the comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up, regarding it as a crucial move determining the fate of contemporary China. General Secretary Xi Jinping personally took command and went into battle, deliber

不论横向上的各方面工作,还是纵向上的治国理政全过程,党都是领导一切的最高政治领导力量。中国最大的国情就是中国共产党的领导,这是我们战胜一切困难和风险的“定海神针”。对此,习近平总书记指出,“党的领导是做好党和国家各项工作的根本保证”192,有利于政治稳定、经济发展、民族团结、社会稳定。对于我们这么大一个国家,进行改革这么广泛而深刻的社会变革,离开党的领导,是难以想象的,是很容易搞散的,是干不成任何事情的。只有坚持党的领导,改革才能保持正确方向并取得成功。党的十八大以来,面对时代条件和现实环境的深刻变化以及一系列新矛盾新挑战,以习近平同志为核心的党中央以伟大的历史主动、强烈的历史担当不断推动全面深化改革开放,将其作为决定当代中国命运的关键一招。习近平总书记亲自挂帅出征,议大事、抓大事、谋全局,以非凡的政治勇气、卓越的政治智慧、强烈的使命担当,带领全党奋力突破、攻坚克难,为进一步全面深化改革提供了最坚强有力的领导。实践表明,越是艰巨繁重的任务或挑战,就越是要加强和改善党的领导,确保党的领导核心地位不动摇。进一步全面深化改革,是一场广泛而深刻的社会变革,是全面的系统的改革和改进,是各领域改革和改进的联动和集成。这项复杂的系统工程,涉及范围更广、触及利益更深、推进力度更大,协调处理好改革、发展、稳定等三者关系的任务更重,要求更好坚持党的全面领导,充分发挥党的全面领导这一最大政治优势,加强对改革的整体谋划、系统布局,着力破解深层次体制机制障碍和结构性矛盾,确保进一步全面深化改革行稳致远。

(II) Providing Scientific Theoretical Guidance for Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform

(二)为进一步全面深化改革提供科学理论指导

The Communist Party of China is a political party guided by Marxism. Possessing and mastering the ideological weapon of Marxist scientific theory is an important magic weapon for us to grasp the historical initiative and thereby seize new and greater victories in further comprehensively deepening reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Why the Communist Party of China can succeed and why socialism with Chinese characteristics works well is, in the final analysis, because Marxism works, and because the sinicized and modernized Marxism works." [14]14 The term used here is “空想” (utopian fantasy), a reference to utopian socialism, implying that without central authority the goal would be unrealizable. Reviewing the course of reform and opening up, it can be found that one key factor why our Party has been able to lead China's reform cause to achieve great accomplishments that have attracted worldwide attention, continuously enhancing our country's comprehensive national strength and steadily raising its international status, is that the Party attaches great importance to building the Party through ideology and strengthening the Party through theory, ensuring that the entire Party maintains unified thinking and firm will, can coordinate actions, and possesses strong combat effectiveness. At its source, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era was precisely summarized and refined on the basis of practical experience in comprehensively deepening reform. Once formed, this scientific theoretical system has played an important guiding role in guiding reform practice in the New Era and solving various difficult problems. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the smooth progress of comprehensively deepening reform has been primarily due to the scientific guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping has personally led, deployed, and promoted the work of comprehensively deepening reform, scientifically summarized historical experience, profoundly grasped the laws of reform, applied the Marxist stance, viewpoint, and method, and put forward a series of important expositions, fully answering major theoretical and practical questions such as why and how to comprehensively deepen reform in the New Era, becoming a powerful ideological weapon leading the reform cause to develop in depth on the new journey. At present, China's reform and development have entered a critical period and deep-water zone. To win advantages, win the initiative, and win the future, we must always adhere to the foundation of Marxism, which is the foundation for building the Party and the country, and for rejuvenating the Party and the country, without wavering. We must hold high the ideological banner of Marxism with a clear-cut stand, especially

中国共产党是以马克思主义为指导思想的政党,拥有和掌握马克思主义科学理论这一思想武器,是我们把握历史主动,进而在进一步全面深化改革中夺取新的更大胜利的重要法宝。习近平总书记指出:“中国共产党为什么能,中国特色社会主义为什么好,归根到底是马克思主义行,是中国化时代化的马克思主义行。”14回顾改革开放的历程可以发现,我们党之所以能够领导中国改革事业取得举世瞩目的伟大成就,使我国综合国力不断增长、国际地位稳步提升,其中一个关键因素是因为党高度重视思想建党、理论强党,使全党上下始终保持统一思想和坚定意志,能够协调行动,拥有强大战斗力。从源头来讲,习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想正是在全面深化改革实践经验基础上总结提炼而成的,而这一科学理论体系一经形成,又在指导新时代改革实践和破解各类难题过程中发挥了重要指导作用。党的十八大以来,全面深化改革得以顺利推进,首要原因便是有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的科学指导,有以习近平同志为核心的党中央的坚强领导。党的十八届三中全会以来,习近平总书记亲自领导、部署、推动全面深化改革工作,科学总结历史经验,深刻把握改革规律,运用马克思主义的立场观点方法,提出一系列重要论述,充分回答了新时代为什么和怎样全面深化改革等重大理论和实践问题,成为在新征程上引领改革事业向纵深发展的强大思想武器。当前,我国改革发展进入了攻坚期、深水区,我们要赢得优势、赢得主动、赢得未来,就必须始终坚持马克思主义这个立党立国、兴党兴国之本不动摇,旗帜鲜明地高举马克思主义的思想旗帜,尤其是自觉用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想武装头脑、指导实践,把握好、运用好其所蕴含的真理力量,为进一步全面深化改革提供强劲的思想动力。

(3) Pointing out the correct direction for further comprehensively deepening reform

(三)为进一步全面深化改革指明正确前进方向

Reform is not about changing direction, and transformation is not about changing color. Our reform and opening up has direction, stance, and principles; its fundamental purpose is to continuously advance the development and improvement of our socialist system, enabling it to radiate new vitality and dynamism. It must always adhere to the correct direction and advance along the correct path. The Communist Party of China possesses an advanced nature and integrity unmatched by any other political organization. Theoretically, it always stands at the commanding heights of truth; practically, it always stands at the commanding heights of the times. It profoundly discerns the general trend of historical development, firmly upholds lofty ideals and convictions, pioneers and steadfastly adheres to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and leads reform and opening up to always forge ahead along the correct path and direction. The Communist Party of China is the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Throughout the entire practice of reform and opening up, it plays a decisive role in initiating and advancing, grasping the direction, and realizing value. It is the fundamental guarantee for ensuring the correct direction of reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "On matters of direction, our minds must be extremely

改革不是改向,变革不是变色。我们的改革开放是有方向、有立场、有原则的,根本目的在于推进我国社会主义制度不断发展完善,使其焕发新的生机活力,必须始终坚持正确方向,沿着正确道路前进。中国共产党具有其他政治组织无可比拟的先进性纯洁性,在理论上始终站在真理的制高点上,在实践上始终站在时代的制高点上,深刻洞察历史发展大势,坚定远大理想信念,开创并牢牢坚持中国特色社会主义道路,引领改革开放始终沿着正确道路方向开拓前进。中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心,在改革开放全部实践中起到发动推进、把握方向、实现价值的决定性作用,是确保改革方向正确的根本保证。习近平总书记指出:“在方向问题上,我们头脑必须十分清醒。”这里的方向,就是始终坚持社会主义制度而不是改弦易张。他还强调:“我们在改革开放上决不能有丝毫动摇,改革开放的旗帜必须继续高高举起,中国特色社会主义道路的正确方向必须牢牢坚持。全党要坚定改革信心,以更大的政治勇气和智慧、更有力的措施和办法推进改革。”175这些论述表明,以习近平同志为核心的党中央领导的全面深化改革就是走社会主义道路的改革,而不是走其他什么道路的改革,这是全面深化改革最根本的方向、立场和原则,是最正确的道路。当前我国改革面临的内外部环境日趋复杂,各种思想观念和利益诉求相互激荡,在方向问题上,态度必须始终坚定。只有毫不动摇坚持党的全面领导,才能确保进一步全面深化改革始终坚持正确方向,否则就会偏离航向。党在“举什么旗、走什么路?为什么改、为谁改、怎么改”等问题上始终坚定清醒,使改革的各方面内容都有益于发展和完善社会主义制度,而不是走封闭僵化的老路、改旗易帜的邪路或全盘西化的死路,犯苏联那样在改革旗号下搞垮社会主义的颠覆性 错误。

(4) Anchoring the established goals for further deepening reform comprehensively

(四)为进一步全面深化改革锚定既定奋斗目标

Engels said: “A party that knows its purpose, and also knows how to achieve that purpose, a party that truly wants to achieve that purpose and possesses the tenacious spirit indispensable for achieving it—such a party will be invincible.” The Communist Party of China is precisely such a party, possessing both lofty ideals and firm convictions as well as extraordinary strategic resolve and executive ability. Over the past century and more, an important reason why our Party has been able to overcome various difficulties and achieve one victory after another is that it has always adhered to the lofty ideal of realizing communism, scientifically planned and determined the goals of struggle for each period of revolution, construction, and reform, used these as direction and guidance, gathered the powerful force of unity of purpose and concerted effort, and ensured the steady development of the Party’s and the nation’s undertakings. Goals are direction; goals are guidance; goals are motivation. Upholding Party leadership anchors the established goals for further deepening reform comprehensively, guiding reform to advance continuously. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “To further deepen reform comprehensively, we must anchor the overall goal of improving and developing the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.” Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC [1]1 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, held in November 2013, marked the launch of a new round of comprehensive deepening of reform under Xi Jinping’s leadership. clearly defined this overall goal, our Party has closely centered on it, comprehensively deepened reform with immense political courage, resolutely broken through institutional and mechanistic drawbacks in all areas, made the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics more mature and well-defined, significantly raised the level of modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and promoted the continuous development of all Party and national undertakings. The “Decision” [2]2 The “Decision” refers to the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Path Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee in July 2024. reviewed and approved by the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC proposed that the overall goal of further deepening reform comprehensively is to “continue to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.” [3]3 This quotation is from the aforementioned Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee. Compared with the overall goal proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, the word “continue” has been added. This means that further deepening reform comprehensively still requires anchoring this overall goal. Upholding the Party’s overall leadership can ensure that the entire Party and the entire people anchor the overall goal of further deepening reform comprehensively, driving further comprehensive deepening of reform to advance continuously along the correct direction. On the new journey of the New Era, further deepening reform comprehensively must, under the Party’s leadership, firmly anchor the overall goals and tasks without wavering, and unswervingly push forward the great cause of further deepening reform comprehensively. Upholding the Party’s overall leadership can continuously enhance the forward-looking nature, foresight, guidance, and continuity of further deepening reform comprehensively, preventing and avoiding blindness, arbitrariness, one-sidedness, and vacillation. At present, it is necessary to give full play to this greatest political advantage of the Party’s overall leadership, strengthen the overall planning and systematic layout of reform, focus on resolving deep-seated institutional and mechanistic obstacles and structural contradictions, and ensure that further deepening reform comprehensively anchors its goals and proceeds steadily and far.

恩格斯说:“一个知道自己的目的,也知道怎样达到这个目的的政党,一个真正想达到这个目的并且具有达到这个目的所必不可缺的顽强精神的政党,——这样的政党将是不可战胜的。”中国共产党正是这种既有崇高信仰和坚定信念又有非凡战略定力和执行能力的政党。一百余年来,我们党之所以能够克服各种困难,取得一个又一个胜利,一条重要经验就是因为始终坚持实现共产主义的崇高理想,科学谋划确定革命、建设、改革各个时期的奋斗目标,以此为方向引领,凝聚起众志成城、团结奋进的强大力量,确保党和国家事业稳步发展。目标就是方向,目标就是引领,目标就是动力。坚持党的领导,为进一步全面深化改革锚定了既定奋斗目标,引领改革不断向前推进。习近平总书记指出:“进一步全面深化改革,要锚定完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化这个总目标。”自党的十八届三中全会明确界定这一总目标后,我们党紧紧围绕着总目标,以巨大的政治勇气全面深化改革,坚决破除各方面体制机制弊端,中国特色社会主义制度更加成熟定型,国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平显著提高,推动党和国家各项事业不断发展。党的二十届三中全会审议通过的《决定》,提出进一步全面深化改革的总目标是要“继续完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”18。相对于党的十八届三中全会提出的总目标,增加了“继续”二字。意味着进一步全面深化改革,仍然要锚定这个总目标。坚持党的全面领导,能确保全党全国人民锚定进一步全面深化改革的总目标,推动进一步全面深化改革沿着正确的方向不断前进。在新时代新征程上,进一步全面深化改革必须在党的领导下牢牢锚定总目标任务不动摇,坚定不移把进一步全面深化改革伟业推向前进。坚持党的全面领导,能不断增强进一步全面深化改革的前瞻性、预见性、指导性和连续性,防止和避免盲目性、随意性、片面性和摇摆性。当前要充分发挥党的全面领导这一最大政治优势,加强对改革的整体谋划、系统布局,着力破解深层次体制机制障碍和结构性矛盾,确保进一步全面深化改革锚定目标行稳致远。

(5) Resisting various risks and challenges for further deepening reform comprehensively

(五)为进一步全面深化改革抵御各种风险挑战

By virtue of its incomparably strong leadership, the Communist Party of China has become the mainstay of the Chinese people in facing various risks and challenges. The Party’s overall leadership is the greatest certainty in dealing with all uncertainties and the “stabilizing pillar” [4]4 “Stabilizing pillar” (定海神针) is a Chinese idiom referring to a stabilizing force or anchor, originally a mythical iron pillar used to calm the seas. for overcoming all risks and challenges. Looking back at modern history, without the Party’s leadership, our country and nation could not have risen from setbacks and perils, nor could they enjoy their current status. The more critical the historical moment, the more crucial the turning point, the more necessary it is to uphold the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China—this is the fundamental basis for our Party to overcome all risks and challenges. History has fully proven that it is precisely under the leadership of the Communist Party of China that we have warded off one major risk after another, overcome one major challenge after another, and won great struggles in different historical periods. To resist the risks and challenges that arise in reform, it is equally necessary to uphold Party leadership. As long as we uphold Party leadership, we will certainly be able to resolve the risks and challenges that emerge in further deepening reform comprehensively, and push the cause of further deepening reform comprehensively from victory to new victory! Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has actively responded to challenges brought by ideological constraints, entrenched interest barriers, and institutional and mechanistic drawbacks, gnawed through many hard bones, [5]5 “Gnawed through many hard bones” (啃下了不少硬骨头) is a Chinese political metaphor for overcoming particularly difficult challenges. crossed many turbulent rapids, driven reform to exert force in all areas, achieve breakthroughs at multiple points, and advance in depth, ushering in the New Era of comprehensive deepening of reform. At present, China’s reform has entered the deep-water zone. Further deepening reform comprehensively faces numerous obstacles, the difficulty of resolving which has increased markedly compared with the past. Moreover, various specific reform tasks are mostly deeply interconnected and interwoven, so that “pulling one hair affects the whole body.” [6]6 “Pulling one hair affects the whole body” (牵一发动全身) is a Chinese idiom meaning that a small change in one part can affect the entire system. Further deepening reform comprehensively will inevitably touch upon the deep adjustment of interest patterns and the fundamental transformation of the institutional system, and will face risks and challenges that are difficult to predict and assess. But history tells us that, no matter what risks and challenges we encounter, as long as we uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, we will certainly be able to unite and lead the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, forge ahead with rich wisdom and powerful strength, overcome difficulties together, and ensure that the great ship of further deepening reform comprehensively rides the wind and waves and proceeds steadily and far. In short, the deeper reform advances, the sharper and fiercer the risks, challenges, and towering waves encountered. To ensure that this ship of reform breaks the waves along the correct course, it fundamentally requires reliance on the Party’s overall leadership.

中国共产党凭借其无比坚强的领导力,成为中国人民在面对各类风险挑战时的主心骨。党的全面领导是应对一切不确定性的最大确定性,是战胜一切风险挑战的“定海神针”。回顾近代以来的历史,没有党的领导,我们的国家和民族不可能于挫折和危难中奋起,也不可能拥有今天的地位。越是在历史的关键时刻、转折关头,越要坚持中国共产党坚强领导,这是我们党战胜一切风险挑战的根本所在。历史充分证明,正是在中国共产党的领导下,我们抵御了一个又一个重大风险,战胜了一次又一次重大挑战,赢得了不同历史时期的伟大斗争。要抵御改革中出现的风险挑战,同样必须坚持党的领导。只要我们坚持党的领导,就一定能够化解进一步全面深化改革中出现的风险挑战,推动进一步全面深化改革事业不断从胜利走向新的胜利!党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央积极应对思想观念束缚、利益固化藩篱、体制机制弊端等带来的挑战,啃下了不少硬骨头,闯过了不少急流险滩,推动改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深推进,开启了全面深化改革新时代。当前,中国改革已经进入深水区,进一步全面深化改革面临诸多障碍,其解决难度较之以往明显增加,不仅如此,各项具体改革任务大都深度关联交织,可谓“牵一发动全身”。进一步全面深化改革必定要触及利益格局的深度调整和制度体系的根本性变革,将会面临难以预料和难以估量的风险挑战,但历史告诉我们,无论遇到什么样的风险挑战,只要我们坚持和加强党的全面领导,就一定能团结带领全党全国各族人民,以丰富的智慧和强大的力量砥砺前行、共克时艰,确保进一步全面深化改革的巍巍巨轮乘风破浪、行稳致远。总之,改革越向纵深推进,遇到的风险挑战和滔天风浪就越尖锐激烈。要确保改革这艘航船沿着正确航向破浪前行,从根本上需要依靠党的全面领导。

(6) Gathering powerful forces of endeavor for further deepening reform comprehensively

(六)为进一步全面深化改革凝聚强大奋进力量

Only by consistently upholding reform for the people and relying on the people can reform have meaning and also possess an inexhaustible source of momentum. The people are the creators of history and the greatest source of strength for our Party’s governance. Only by persisting in and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership, ensuring a steadfast people-centered approach, respecting the people’s principal position, and ensuring that wherever the people call out, reform responds, can we maximize the gathering of the mighty force for further deepening reform comprehensively. Persisting in the Party’s overall leadership can effectively bring into play the Party’s strong political leadership, ideological guidance, mass organization, and social mobilization capabilities, mobilizing and organizing the forces of the entire Party and the whole society to advance reform, forming a vibrant situation where reform and innovation vitality bursts forth and flows fully, uniting in struggle to achieve the goals of the New Era and create new historical achievements. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has consistently upheld that reform is the cause of hundreds of millions of people themselves, emphasizing the necessity of respecting the people’s principal position and firmly relying on the people, so as to drive the continuous development of further deepening reform comprehensively. In practice, our Party adheres to the mass line, striving to ensure that the Party’s theories, lines, principles, and policies gain the people’s understanding and support; insists on development for the people, allowing the fruits of reform to benefit all the people more and more fairly, continuously meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life; develops whole-process people’s democracy, expanding the people’s orderly political participation through rich democratic channels and diverse democratic forms, inspiring and helping the people to better invest in comprehensively deepening reform; inspires the broad masses with the prospects of reform, effectively promoting harmony among political parties, ethnic groups, religions, and social strata, uniting Chinese sons and daughters at home and abroad in common struggle, and consolidating a powerful joint force to advance the cause of reform. Further deepening reform comprehensively will be a profound transformation involving the broad participation of hundreds of millions of people. Under the strong leadership of the Party, we must mobilize all positive factors that can be mobilized, unite all forces that can be united, achieve greater unity in thought, politics, and action across the entire Party, and ensure that the entire Party, the military, and the people of all ethnic groups in the country think with one mind and exert their strength in one direction, gathering a mighty force of unity of purpose to advance reform. On the path forward, as long as we consolidate a powerful force for progress under the strong leadership of the Party, there are no difficulties that cannot be overcome. Unswervingly upholding the supremacy of the people, always placing the people in the highest position in our hearts, we will surely be able to gather a powerful force for further deepening reform comprehensively.

只有始终坚持为了人民和依靠人民,改革才有意义,也才能够拥有源源不断的动力。人民是历史创造者,是我们党执政的最大底气,只有通过坚持和加强党的全面领导,确保始终坚持以人民为中心,尊重人民主体地位,做到人民有所呼、改革有所应,才能最大限度凝聚进一步全面深化改革的磅礴伟力。坚持党的全面领导,能够有效发挥党强大的政治领导力、思想引领力、群众组织力、社会号召力,动员和组织全党和全社会的力量推进改革,形成改革创新活力竞相迸发、充分涌流的生动局面,共同为实现新时代奋斗目标、创造新的历史伟业而团结奋斗。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央始终坚持改革是亿万人民自己的事业,强调必须尊重人民主体地位、紧紧依靠人民,如此才能推动进一步全面深化改革不断向前发展。在实践中,我们党坚持党的群众路线,努力使党的理论和路线方针政策得到人民理解和拥护;坚持发展为了人民,让改革成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民,不断满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要;发展全过程人民民主,以丰富民主渠道和多样民主形式扩大人民有序政治参与,激励和帮助人民更好投入全面深化改革中;以改革前景鼓舞广大群众,有效促进政党、民族、宗教、阶层之间关系和谐,团结海内外中华儿女共同奋斗,凝聚起推动改革事业发展的强大合力。进一步全面深化改革将是一场亿万人民广泛参与的深刻变革,要在党的坚强领导下,调动一切可以调动的积极因素,团结一切可以团结的力量,做到全党思想上更加统一、政治上更加团结、行动上更加一致,全党全军全国各族人民心往一处想、劲往一处使,集聚起万众一心、推进改革的磅礴力量。在前进道路上,只要在党的坚强领导下凝聚强大奋进力量,就没有战胜不了的困难。坚持人民至上不动摇,始终把人民放在心中最高位置,就一定能为进一步全面深化改革凝聚强大力量。

II. The Distinctive Advantages of Strengthening Party Leadership over Reform

二、加强党对改革领导的显著优势

The success of China’s reform cannot ignore the leadership advantages of the Chinese Communist Party. The Chinese Communist Party possesses an incomparably strong leadership capability and a series of distinctive traits and unique advantages that can lead the smooth advancement of further deepening reform comprehensively. Fully understanding and profoundly grasping the incomparable distinctive advantages of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership holds great theoretical and practical significance for further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese-path modernization.

中国改革的成功,不能忽略中国共产党的领导优势。中国共产党具有无比坚强的领导力,具有一系列鲜明的特质和独特的优势,能领导进一步全面深化改革的顺利推进。全面认识和深刻把握中国共产党领导所具有的不可比拟的显著优势,对于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化,具有重大理论和现实意义。

(I) Distinctive Political Advantages

(一)显著的政治优势

Political parties are political organizations with common political programs, political lines, and political goals. Political initiative is the most favorable initiative; once one falls into passivity, it is the most dangerous passivity. Being clear-cut in advocating politics is a distinctive quality and advantage of our Party as a Marxist political party. Political advantage, as the Party’s fundamental advantage, is a comprehensive reflection of a series of the Party’s distinctive political traits. The Party’s political advantage is not only a favorable political condition and outstanding political manifestation that distinguishes it from other political parties but also a prerequisite for the formation of other advantages. The Party’s leadership advantage is first and foremost embodied in its political advantage. The Party’s political advantage is closely linked and interwoven with the political advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, highlighting the Party’s own advanced nature and the superiority of the socialist system. Specifically, the Party’s political advantage is prominently manifested in the firmness of its political mission, the correctness of its political direction, the strictness of its political discipline, and the excellence of its political ecology. The Party’s political advantage ensures that our Party adheres to the unity of its lofty ideals with the program of struggle for specific historical stages, always standing at the forefront of the times to guide the correct direction of Chinese society’s progress. Whether in favorable or adverse circumstances, consistently maintaining lofty political ideals and political convictions is also a tremendous political advantage of our Party, conducive to inspiring the Party and the people to unite in overcoming various difficulties and seizing the great victory of further deepening reform comprehensively. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Being clear-cut in advocating politics and ensuring the Party’s unity and centralized unity are the lifeblood of the Party.” [7]7 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China” (October 31, 2019), in *Selected Readings of Important Documents since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China*, Vol. 2, Central Party Literature Press, 2021, p. 425. For a long time, the Party has consciously integrated the principle of “advocating politics” into the specific work of reform, not only releasing the political efficacy inherent in the Party’s political advantage but also promoting the continuous development and improvement of a long-term mechanism for consolidating and deepening the Party’s political advantage. Further deepening reform comprehensively is a great transformation that involves breaking down institutional and mechanistic barriers, transforming ideas and concepts, adjusting power structures, and touching upon the distribution of interests. It requires fully leveraging the Party’s political advantage, ensuring that the entire Party is clear-cut in advocating politics from top to bottom, profoundly understanding the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, enhancing the Four Consciousnesses, strengthening the Four Confidences, and achieving the Two Upholds, resolutely following the strategic deployments of General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Party Central Committee, anchoring the overall goal of the current stage, and ensuring that various reform tasks are connected from top to bottom, smoothly linked, and implemented and grounded.

政党是有共同政治纲领、政治路线、政治目标的政治组织。政治上的主动是最有利的主动,一旦陷入被动,就是最危险的被动。旗帜鲜明讲政治,是我们党作为马克思主义政党的鲜明品格和优势。政治优势作为党的根本性优势,是党的一系列显著政治特质的综合反映。党的政治优势既是区别于其他政党的有利政治条件和突出政治表现,也是其他方面优势形成的前提,党的领导优势首先体现为政治优势。党的政治优势与中国特色社会主义制度的政治优势紧密相连、彼此交融,彰显了党自身的先进性和社会主义制度的优越性。具言之,党的政治优势,突出体现为政治使命的坚定、政治方向的正确、政治纪律的严明以及政治生态的优良等方面。党的政治优势保证了我们党坚持远大理想与具体历史阶段奋斗纲领相统一,始终站在时代前列引领着中国社会前进的正确方向。不论顺境,还是逆境,始终坚定崇高的政治理想和政治信念,也是我们党的巨大政治优势,有利于激励党和人民团结克服各种困难,夺取进一步全面深化改革伟大胜利。习近平总书记指出:“旗帜鲜明讲政治、保证党的团结和集中统一是党的生命。”425长期以来,党自觉将“讲政治”原则融入改革的各项具体工作中,不仅使党的政治优势蕴含的政治效能得以释放,还促成了党的政治优势巩固深化的长效机制不断发展完善。进一步全面深化改革是一场破除体制机制障碍、转变思想观念、调整权力结构、触及利益分配的伟大变革,需要充分发挥党的政治优势,确保全党上下旗帜鲜明讲政治,深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义,增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”,坚决按照习近平总书记和党中央的战略部署,锚定当前阶段总目标,将各项改革任务上下贯通、顺承衔接和落实落地。

(II) Distinctive Theoretical Advantages

(二)显著的理论优势

The Chinese Communist Party insists on building the Party through ideology and strengthening the Party through theory. It not only emphasizes guidance by scientific theory but is also adept at theoretical innovation based on practice; it is a political party with powerful theoretical advantages. For any political party, ideology and theory play a key role in raising the banner and setting the direction. On the one hand, within the Party, ideological and theoretical construction must tell the entire Party what to do and why to do it; on the other hand, for the broad masses of the people, ideological and theoretical construction must also make them consciously follow the Party, thereby consolidating the mighty force to create historical achievements. Emphasizing building the Party through ideology is a fine tradition and distinctive advantage of Marxist political parties. History and practice have already confirmed that, regardless of how many setbacks, twists, and hardships the path forward has endured, our Party has been able to grow stronger over time and remain indomitable, achieving achievements rarely seen in the world. An important reason is that the Party has always attached importance to building the Party through ideology and strengthening the Party through theory, fully leveraging its unique advantages in theory. Engels once said that the proletarian party has a great advantage, “namely, that it has a new scientific world outlook as its theoretical basis.” [8]8 Engels, “Critique of the Draft Social-Democratic Program of 1891,” in *Marx and Engels Collected Works*, Vol. 22, People’s Publishing House, 1965, p. 218. What is referred to here is Marxism, which correctly reveals the general laws of the development of nature, human society, and human thought, providing a scientific worldview, historical outlook, epistemology, and methodology for humanity to understand the world, transform the world, and create a better life. The Chinese Communist Party has always regarded Marxism as the fundamental guiding ideology for building the Party and the country, for rejuvenating the Party and the country, and has combined the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional Chinese culture, endowing it with new vitality. Thanks to this, the Chinese Communist Party can always stand at the forefront of the times by virtue of its theoretical advanced nature, while also providing a powerful ideological weapon for further deepening reform comprehensively. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “We insist on leading reform practice innovation with ideological and theoretical innovation, and on promoting the enrichment and development of ideological theory by summarizing practical experience.” [9]9 Xi Jinping, “Explanatory Notes on the ‘Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization’” (July 15, 2024), in *Selected Readings of Important Documents since the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China*, Vol. 2, Central Party Literature Press, 2024, p. 395. Further deepening reform comprehensively is a profound adjustment concerning the overall situation, a comprehensive, deep-level, and fundamental transformation that cannot be separated from the guidance of scientific theory. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is generated by practice and in turn guides practice, providing a fundamental guideline for advancing the cause of reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series of important expositions on comprehensively deepening reform constitute a scientific system rich in connotation, rigorous in logic, and possessing profound reasoning, deep scholarship, and profound philosophy. They have already guided comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era to achieve historic accomplishments and will surely provide a powerful ideological weapon for further deepening reform comprehensively.

中国共产党坚持思想建党、理论强党,既注重以科学理论为指导,又善于在实践基础上的理论创新,是一个具有强大理论优势的政党。对于任何一个政党来说,思想理论都发挥着举旗定向的关键作用。一方面,党的内部要通过思想理论建设告诉全党应当做什么,以及为什么这样做;另一方面,对于广大人民群众而言,也要通过思想理论建设让其自觉跟党走,从而凝聚起创造历史伟业的磅礴力量。注重从思想上建党,是马克思主义政党的优良传统和显著优势。历史和实践业已证实,不论前进道路上历经多少坎坷、曲折和磨难,我们党都能历久弥坚、百折不挠,并且取得了世所罕见的成就,一个重要原因就是党始终重视思想建党、理论强党,充分发挥自身在理论方面的独特优势。恩格斯曾经说过,无产阶级政党有个很大的优点,“就是有一个新的科学的世界观作为理论的基础”。这里说的就是马克思主义,它正确揭示了自然界、人类社会和人的思维发展的一般规律,为人类认识世界、改造世界和创造美好生活提供了科学的世界观、历史观、认识论和方法论。中国共产党始终把马克思主义作为立党立国、兴党兴国的根本指导思想,并将马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际、中华优秀传统文化相结合,赋予其新的勃勃生机。得益于此,中国共产党能够凭借理论上的先进性而始终站在时代前列,同时也为进一步全面深化改革提供了强大思想武器。习近平总书记指出:“我们坚持以思想理论创新引领改革实践创新,以总结实践经验推动思想理论丰富和发展。”395进一步全面深化改革,是关涉全局的深刻调整,是全方位、深层次、根本性的变革,离不开科学理论的指导。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想由实践产生又反过来指导实践,为推进改革事业提供了根本遵循。习近平总书记关于全面深化改革的系列重要论述,构成了一个内涵丰富、逻辑严密,具有深刻道理、深厚学理和深邃哲理的科学体系,已经指引新时代全面深化改革取得历史性成就,也必将为进一步全面深化改革提供强大思想武器。

(III) Distinctive Institutional Advantages

(三)显著的制度优势

“To govern the state and bring order to the people, one must rectify its institutions.” [10]10 Xi Jinping, “Speech at the National Organizational Work Conference” (July 3, 2018), in Xi Jinping, *Excerpts from the Works of Xi Jinping*, Vol. 2, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2023, p. 213. [395] Institutional issues are fundamental, overarching, stable, and long-term in nature; institutional advantage is the greatest advantage of a political party and a country. The Party leadership system occupies a commanding position among all types of institutions and is China’s fundamental leadership system. The Party leadership system is a complete and richly connotative institutional system, mainly encompassing six aspects: establishing the system for remaining true to the original aspiration and founding mission, improving the systems for steadfastly upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized, unified leadership, perfecting the system for the Party’s overall leadership, perfecting the systems for governing for the people and relying on the people, perfecting the system for improving the Party’s governance capacity and leadership level, and perfecting the system for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party. These six aspects mutually support and interconnect, jointly constructing the edifice of the Party leadership system, and serve as the fundamental institutional guarantee for upholding and strengthening the Party’s leadership over all work. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Focus on giving play to the Party

“经国序民,正其制度”。制度问题带有根本性、全局性、稳定性、长期性,制度优势是一个政党、一个国家的最大优势。党的领导制度在各类制度中居于统领地位,是我国的根本领导制度。党的领导制度是一个系统完备、内涵丰富的制度体系,主要涵盖建立不忘初心、牢记使命的制度,完善坚定维护党中央权威和集中统一领导的各项制度,健全党的全面领导制度,健全为人民执政、靠人民执政各项制度,健全提高党的执政能力和领导水平制度,完善全面从严治党制度等六个方面的制度,这六个方面的制度彼此支撑、相互联系,共同构筑了党的领导制度体系大厦,是坚持和加强党对一切工作领导的根本制度保障。习近平总书记指出:“着力从制度安排上发挥党的领导这个最大的体制优势。”90他还强调:“要顺利推进新时代中国特色社会主义各项事业,必须完善坚持党的领导的体制机制,更好发挥党的领导这一最大优势。”89党的领导制度明确了我国政治生活的领导关系、主体和对象等关键问题,是我国现行制度体系的“根”和“源”,是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的“心脏”和“引擎”,在进一步全面深化改革中发挥着提纲挈领的作用。如果没有党的集中统一领导,就会造成软弱涣散、各自为政的局面,不仅无法实现改革的预期目标,还可能产生各种严重后果。党的集中统一领导,有效保证了党和人民心往一处想、劲往一处使,锚定进一步全面深化改革的共同目标而团结奋斗,防止出现群龙无首、一盘散沙的现象。党的十八大以来,党中央将完善党的领导制度体系放在突出位置,作出一系列重要制度安排和重大改革举措,更好地发挥了中国共产党领导的制度优势,为推动新时代全面深化改革事业提供了坚强保证。进一步全面深化改革,涉及经济社会发展各领域,涉及许多重大理论和实践问题,需要党统筹谋划改革的各个方面、各个层次、各个要素,必须牢牢坚持党的领导制度,充分发挥党的领导的制度优势。坚持纵向要到底、横向要到边,把党的领导的制度优势全方位体现到进一步全面深化改革的全过程和各方面,加强对各领域改革的前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、战略性布局、整体性推进,在统筹兼顾、同向发力中增强改革的整体效能。

(4) Distinctive organizational advantages

(四)显著的组织优势

General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized: “The Party’s strength comes from its organization, and organization multiplies strength.” [395] He has also pointed out: “The Party’s overall leadership and all its work must be realized through a strong organizational system.” Since its founding, our Party has adhered to proceeding from reality, continuously optimizing its organizational structure, building an organizational system with clear functions and a clear division of labor, and in practice forming and perfecting an excellent and efficient operational mechanism, strong innovative creativity and decision-making execution, and strict discipline and rules, endowing it with organizational advantages unmatched by any other political party in the world and demonstrating formidable combat effectiveness. Our Party implements the principle of democratic centralism, possesses strong organizational mobilization capacity and cohesion, is highly organized and highly efficient in execution, and can effectively respond to the contradictions, challenges, risks, and resistance that arise in comprehensively deepening reform. The Party’s founding and development embody its adherence to the important principle of Party building that Marxist political parties have always valued organizational construction, forming a tight system encompassing central, local, and grassroots organizations, shaping an organizational form that connects the upper and lower levels and integrates them into one, making the entire Party a unified whole striving for a common goal. The Chinese Communist Party selects the capable and appoints the worthy, focusing on improving the governing ability and leadership level of leading cadres, preparing sufficient main forces for long-term governance. Through continuous efforts, the Party has successfully gathered a large number of advanced elements and outstanding talents from all walks of life, which has also become an important political foundation for our society’s strong internal cohesion and developmental vitality. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, comprehensive deepening of reform has achieved historic accomplishments. An important reason for this is that our Party has distinctive organizational advantages, manifested in an organizational system that connects the upper and lower levels and is effective in execution, a group of outstanding Party members and cadres who step forward in the face of difficulties and stand firm at critical moments, and a talent team that is large in scale, excellent in quality, continuously optimized in structure, and increasingly prominent in role. Further comprehensively deepening reform requires implementing the Party’s organizational line for the New Era and the standards for good cadres, resolutely implementing the Party’s principle of democratic centralism, “enhancing the endogenous driving force and cohesion of Party organizations,” perfecting an organizational system that connects the upper and lower levels and is effective in execution, establishing a clear orientation toward strengthening grassroots construction, and promoting the comprehensive progress and comprehensive excellence of Party organizations at all levels. Only in this way can we provide a strong organizational guarantee and talent support for further comprehensively deepening reform.

习近平总书记强调:“党的力量来自组织,组织能使力量倍增。”395他还指出:“党的全面领导、党的全部工作要靠党的坚强组织体系去实现。”自党成立起,我们党就坚持从实际出发,不断优化组织结构,构建起功能清晰、分工明确的组织体系,并在实践中形成和完善了卓越高效的运行机制、强大的创新创造力和决策执行力、严明的纪律规矩,使之具有世界上其他政党无可比拟的组织优势,展现出强大战斗力。我们党实行民主集中制原则,具有强大的组织动员能力和凝聚力,具有高度组织化特点及很高的执行效率,能够有效应对全面深化改革中出现的矛盾、挑战、风险及阻力。党的创立和发展体现了对马克思主义政党历来重视组织建设这一重要建党原则的恪守,形成了包括中央、地方和基层组织在内的严密体系,塑造了一个上下贯通、融为一体的组织形态,使全党成为一个为共同目标奋斗的统一整体。中国共产党选贤任能,注重提高领导干部的执政本领和领导水平,为长期执政准备了充分的主体力量。经过不断努力,党成功集聚了大量先进分子和各方面优秀人才,这也成为我国社会具有强大内聚力和发展活力的重要政治基础。党的十八大以来,全面深化改革取得历史性成就,很重要的一条经验就是我们党有显著的组织优势,这表现在我们党有一个上下贯通、执行有力的组织体系,有一批在困难面前豁得出、在关键时刻顶得住的优秀党员干部,有一支规模宏大、素质优良、结构不断优化、作用日益突出的人才队伍。进一步全面深化改革需要贯彻落实新时代党的组织路线和好干部标准,坚决贯彻党的民主集中制原则,“增强党组织的内生动力与凝聚力”,完善上下贯通、执行有力的组织体系,树立加强基层建设的鲜明导向,推动各级党组织全面进步、全面过硬。只有这样,才能为进一步全面深化改革提供坚强组织保证和人才支撑。

(5) Distinctive mass-line advantages

(五)显著的群众优势

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “Our Party’s greatest political advantage is close ties with the masses, and the greatest danger after the Party comes to power is becoming divorced from the masses.” [212] The future and destiny of a political party, a regime, ultimately depend on the will of the people. Maintaining close Party-mass and cadre-mass relations, and preserving the flesh-and-blood bond with the masses, is the foundation for our Party’s continuous growth and strengthening. For a long time, the Chinese Communist Party has adhered to the fundamental position of putting the people first, standing at the moral high ground, winning the people’s support and endorsement, and demonstrating its prominent mass-line advantages. The Chinese Communist Party is a party that seeks happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. Chinese Communists, whether engaging in revolution, construction, or reform, or advancing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, do so to ensure the people live a good life. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, based on a new historical starting point, has filled gaps in people’s livelihoods and strengthened weak areas in people’s wellbeing, solving the people’s urgent, difficult, and anxious problems at a higher level, gradually enriching the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security, and forging the Chinese Communist Party’s indestructible mass-line advantages. Further comprehensively deepening reform is a cause of the people; it equally requires adhering to a people-centered approach, regarding the people as the main body of reform, respecting the people’s pioneering spirit, paying attention to the people’s interest needs, conforming to the people’s interest demands, and promptly resolving problems in all aspects that violate the people’s interests and affect their happiness. When the people call, we respond; when the people seek, we act. The Chinese Communist Party has always adhered to the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, regarding the protection of the people’s interests as the starting point and ultimate goal of all work in reform, persisting in implementing the mass line throughout all aspects and the entire process of comprehensively deepening reform, promptly through deepening reform, removing relevant institutional and mechanistic obstacles, continuously persisting in and promoting reform for the people’s fundamental interests and a better life, and effectively ensuring that reform is for the people, relies on the people, and its fruits are shared by the people. This will surely win the heartfelt support of the broadest masses of the people, constituting a powerful driving force for achieving great accomplishments in further comprehensively deepening reform.

习近平总书记指出:“我们党的最大政治优势是密切联系群众,党执政后的最大危险是脱离群众。”212一个政党,一个政权,其前途和命运最终取决于人心向背。密切党群、干群关系,保持同人民群众的血肉联系,是我们党不断发展壮大的根基。长期以来,中国共产党始终坚持人民至上的根本立场,站在了道义的制高点上,赢得了人民的拥护和支持,彰显了其突出的群众优势。中国共产党是为中国人民谋幸福、为中华民族谋复兴的政党,中国共产党人干革命、搞建设、抓改革,推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业,都是为了让人民过上好日子。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央立足新历史起点补民生短板、强民生弱项,在更高水平上解决好群众急难愁盼问题,逐步充实人民获得感、幸福感、安全感,造就了中国共产党坚不可摧的群众优势。进一步全面深化改革是人民的事业,同样需要坚持以人民为中心,把人民当作改革的主体,尊重人民的首创精神,关注人民群众利益需要,顺应人民利益诉求,及时解决违背人民利益、影响人民幸福的各方面问题。民有所呼、我有所应,民有所求、我有所为。中国共产党始终坚持全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨,将维护人民利益视为改革中一切工作的出发点和落脚点,坚持把群众路线贯彻到全面深化改革的各方面全过程,及时通过深化改革,破除相关体制机制障碍,不断为了人民根本利益和美好生活坚持改革、推动改革,切实做到改革为了人民、依靠人民,成果由人民共享,必将获得最广大人民群众的衷心拥护,构成推动进一步全面深化改革取得伟大成就的强劲动力。

(6) Distinctive self-revolution advantages

(六)显著的自我革命优势

The courage to engage in self-revolution is the most distinctive quality and significant advantage of the Communist Party of China, and it is the fundamental reason why the Party can unite and lead the people to cut through difficulties and deepen reform. Why does the Communist Party of China possess the significant advantage of daring to engage in self-revolution? On the one hand, the Party adheres to the scientific guidance of Marxism, always pursuing, revealing, and steadfastly practicing truth, achieving the liberation of thought, seeking truth from facts, and keeping pace with the times. It dares to correct its own deviations and errors, and has the courage to pioneer innovation and break through its own limitations. On the other hand, the Party always places the people in the highest position in its heart, having no special interests of its own beyond the interests of the people. This determines that the Party not only possesses the initiative and consciousness to solve problems and promote reform, but also possesses the selfless and fearless courage and boldness to break down all obstacles and advance reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping explicitly pointed out the need to “advance reform with the spirit of self-revolution” [12]12 Xi Jinping, *Excerpts from Xi Jinping’s Discussion on Comprehensively Deepening Reform*, Central Party Literature Press, 2014, pp. 105-106, 104.105-106, emphasizing that in the process of comprehensively deepening reform, “we must consciously submit to the overall situation of reform, serve the overall situation of reform, have the courage for self-revolution, dare to face problems directly, and jointly do a good job of the great article of comprehensively deepening reform” [12]12 Xi Jinping, *Excerpts from Xi Jinping’s Discussion on Comprehensively Deepening Reform*, Central Party Literature Press, 2014, pp. 105-106, 104.104. Only by being selfless can one be fearless, can one engage in self-revolution, and can one lead the great social revolution of comprehensively deepening reform. The selfless and fearless consciousness of the Communist Party of China and its initiative in self-revolution endow the socialist system with Chinese characteristics with unparalleled functions of self-adjustment, self-improvement, and self-enhancement. This fully ensures that the various measures for further comprehensively deepening reform can be effectively implemented and solidly advanced, can overcome difficulties and break down interference, and enable reform to continuously progress and deepen. Facts have proven that it is precisely the spirit of daring to engage in self-revolution that enables the Party to forever maintain its advanced nature, and thus have the ability and willingness to comply with the people’s demands, writing a new chapter in further comprehensively deepening reform.

勇于自我革命是中国共产党最鲜明的品格和显著优势,是党能够团结带领人民披荆斩棘、深化改革的根本原因。中国共产党为何具有勇于自我革命的显著优势?一方面,党坚持马克思主义的科学指导,始终坚持追求、揭示、笃行真理,做到解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进,敢于纠正自己的偏差与错误,勇于开拓创新和突破自我;另一方面,党始终将人民放在心中最高位置,除人民利益外没有任何自己特殊的利益可言。这就决定,党不仅具有解决问题、推动改革的主动性、自觉性,而且具有无私无畏破除一切阻挠、推进改革的勇气和魄力。习近平总书记明确指出要“以自我革命的精神推进改革”105-106,强调在全面深化改革进程中,“要自觉服从改革大局、服务改革大局,勇于自我革命,敢于直面问题,共同把全面深化改革这篇大文章做好”104。只有无私,才能无畏,才能自我革命,才能引领全面深化改革这一伟大社会革命。中国共产党无私无畏的自觉性和自我革命的主动性,使中国特色社会主义制度彰显了无与伦比的自我调适、自我完善、自我提高的功能。这充分保障了进一步全面深化改革的各项举措能够有效实施、扎实推进,能够排除困难、破除干扰,使改革不断前进、不断深化。事实证明,正是勇于自我革命的精神,使党能够永葆先进性,进而有能力和意愿顺应人民诉求,谱写进一步全面深化改革新篇章。

III. Realization Pathways for Strengthening the Party’s Leadership over Reform

三、加强党对改革领导的实现路径

The Party’s leadership is the fundamental guarantee for further comprehensively deepening reform, concerning the direction, prospects, and success or failure of reform. To further comprehensively deepen reform on the new journey of the New Era, it is necessary to uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, running it through all aspects and the entire process of reform, ensuring that the direction of reform always remains correct, thereby creating a new situation for the development of the reform cause.

党的领导是进一步全面深化改革的根本保证,事关改革的方向、前途和成败。在新时代新征程上进一步全面深化改革,必须坚持和加强党的全面领导,将其贯穿于改革各方面全过程,确保改革方向始终正确,从而开创改革事业发展新局面。

(I) Upholding the Centralized, Unified Leadership of the Party Central Committee over Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform

(一)坚持党中央对进一步全面深化改革的集中统一领导

Affairs are in all directions, but the central authority lies in the Central Committee. [13]13 A classical Chinese expression meaning that while affairs are handled in various localities, the central authority rests with the central government. The Party Central Committee is the brain and core of the Party, holding the decision-making power over the major policies of the Party and the state. The centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the solid foundation for the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to face any risks and challenges, ensuring that the entire Party always maintains unity, solidarity, and strong combat effectiveness, thereby uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups in the country to overcome all difficulties and obstacles on the path forward, continuously achieving one victory after another. If the Party Central Committee lacks authority, the Party will become a heap of loose sand, the Party’s leadership will become empty words, and the great dream of national rejuvenation will become a utopian fantasy. [14]14 The term used here is “空想” (utopian fantasy), a reference to utopian socialism, implying that without central authority the goal would be unrealizable. Upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is a major matter concerning the future and destiny of the Party, the nation, and the country; it is the highest political principle that must be adhered to, and it cannot be abandoned at any time or under any circumstances. The practical experience of comprehensively deepening reform in the New Era fully demonstrates that it is precisely under the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee that comprehensively deepening reform has achieved remarkable results, effectively resolving institutional obstacles, mechanistic blockages, and policy innovation issues in various fields and aspects, and the overall appearance of reform has achieved a historic transformation towards systematic coordination and comprehensive deepening. After long-term exploration and practice, especially the reform and innovation since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, [15]15 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping’s leadership. the Party Central Committee has strengthened the overall design, coordinated planning, and holistic advancement of reform, forming a complete set of institutional mechanisms for effectively leading reform, such as the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee regularly studying and analyzing the economic and social situation and deciding on major matters, and the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform being responsible for the deployment and promotion of major work in the reform field, and so on. These institutional mechanisms are practical and effective, and need to be adhered to in the long term during further comprehensively deepening reform and continuously improved in step with the times. As reform and opening up develop deeper, various specific contradictions, problems, and tasks will become increasingly intertwined, overlapping, and complex. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen top-level design and overall planning, providing direction guidance and strategic frameworks for reform practice and exploration, avoiding the blindness and fragmentation of reform. Firmly upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is conducive to unifying the thoughts, steps, and actions of the entire Party and the whole country on reform, and is conducive to local areas steadily advancing various reforms, thoroughly implementing the reform decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee without compromise. Only by firmly upholding the authority of the Party Central Committee, adhering to the individual obeying the organization, the minority obeying the majority, the lower level obeying the higher level, and the entire Party obeying the Central Committee, and implementing reform with the spirit of driving nails, can the strategic deployment for further comprehensively deepening reform be transformed into the practical force for changing the world. Only by strengthening the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee can the issues of interest relations and coordination mechanisms among reform subjects be effectively resolved, departmental barriers be broken down, reform resources be systematically integrated, forming an overall synergy for further comprehensively deepening reform, ensuring the systematic integration and efficient execution of reform decisions and deployments, and achieving the comprehensive layout and holistic advancement of further comprehensively deepening reform in all fields, levels, and links. In the process of further comprehensively deepening reform, Party organizations at all levels must continue to resolutely uphold the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, implement the enhancement of the “Four Consciousnesses,” the firming of the “Four Confidences,” and the achievement of the “Two Upholds” [16]16 The “Four Consciousnesses” (consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership), the “Four Confidences” (confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics), and the “Two Upholds” (upholding Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee) are numbered slogans of the CPC. into action, embody the implementation of the Party Central Committee’s spirit on further comprehensively deepening reform in the practice of making decisions, deploying tasks, and advancing work, frequently benchmark and calibrate, and promptly correct deviations, ensuring the solid advancement of further comprehensively deepening reform.

事在四方,要在中央。党中央是党的大脑和中枢,拥有党和国家大政方针的决定权。党中央集中统一领导是全党和全国各族人民直面任何风险挑战的坚实依托,能够确保全党始终保持团结统一和强大战斗力,从而团结带领全国各族人民战胜前进道路上一切艰难险阻,不断取得一个又一个胜利。如果党中央没有权威,党就会变成一盘散沙,党的领导就会成为一句空话,民族复兴的伟大梦想就会成为一场空想。维护党中央权威和集中统一领导是事关党、民族、国家前途命运的大事,是必须坚守的最高政治原则,不论何时或任何情况下都不能摒弃。新时代全面深化改革的实践经验充分表明,正是在党中央的集中统一领导下,全面深化改革取得显著成效,各领域各方面体制性障碍、机制性梗阻、政策性创新问题得到有效解决,改革的总体面貌实现系统协调、全面深化的历史性转变。经过长期探索实践,特别是党的十八大以来的改革创新,党中央加强对改革的总体设计、统筹协调、整体推进,已经形成一整套有效领导改革的体制机制,如中央政治局常委会、中央政治局定期研究分析经济社会形势、决定重大事项,中央全面深化改革委员会负责改革领域重大工作的部署和推进,等等。这些体制机制符合实际、行之有效,需要在进一步全面深化改革中长期坚持并与时俱进不断完善。随着改革开放越往纵深发展,各种具体矛盾、问题和任务就会愈加交织叠加、错综复杂。由此,必须加强顶层设计和整体谋划,为改革实践探索提供方向指引和战略框架,避免改革的盲目性和碎片化。坚定维护党中央权威和集中统一领导,有利于全党全国在改革上统一思想、统一步调、统一行动,有利于地方稳步推进各项改革,不折不扣贯彻落实党中央的改革决策部署。只有坚定维护党中央权威,坚持个人服从组织、少数服从多数、下级服从上级、全党服从中央,以钉钉子精神抓好改革落实,才能把进一步全面深化改革的战略部署转化改造世界的实践力量。只有加强党中央集中统一领导,才能有效解决改革主体之间的利益关系和协同机制问题,打破部门壁垒,系统集成改革资源,形成进一步全面深化改革的整体合力,确保改革决策和部署的系统集成与高效执行,实现各领域、各层次、各环节进一步全面深化改革的全面布局和整体推进。在进一步全面深化改革过程中,各级党组织要继续坚决维护党中央权威和集中统一领导,把增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”落实到行动上,把贯彻落实党中央关于进一步全面深化改革精神体现到制定决策、部署任务、推进工作的实践中去,经常对标对表、及时校准偏差,确保进一步全面深化改革扎实推进。

(II) Improving the Implementation Mechanism for Major Decisions and Deployments of the Party Central Committee

(二)完善党中央重大决策部署落实机制

Regarding the implementation of major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee, the Party Central Committee and relevant departments have established and improved a series of systems, including task division, supervision and inspection, situation notification, and supervision and accountability, coupled with the strong guarantee of a tight organizational system, ensuring the seamless implementation of the Party Central Committee’s decisions and deployments throughout the entire process. To further comprehensively deepen reform, all regions and departments must adhere to adapting measures to local conditions and time conditions, study and formulate reform implementation plans that suit their own actual conditions, making reform measures precise and effective, with feasibility, operability, and effectiveness, effectively preventing mechanical copying and a one-size-fits-all approach at all levels. Reform topics should be set around resolving the prominent contradictions facing the advancement of Chinese-path modernization, optimize the mechanism for generating key reform plans, ensuring that the proposal of reform topics is proactive, steady, and highly targeted, and that the introduction of each key reform plan is fully demonstrated, scientifically precise. We must consciously act within the overall situation, adhere to the part obeying the whole and minor principles obeying major principles, effectively fulfill the leadership responsibility for reforms within the scope of our duties, strictly implement the system of reporting to the Party Central Committee for instructions, ensuring that the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee on further comprehensively deepening reform are thoroughly implemented in all regions, departments, and fields without compromise, ensuring tangible results. We must adhere to coming from the masses and going to the masses, [17]17 A reference to the mass line, a core principle of the CPC’s work method. take investigation and research as the basis for planning, fully absorb social expectations, popular wisdom, expert opinions, and grassroots experience into reform design, focus on finding the focal points and breakthroughs for reform from the urgent and difficult concerns of the common people, and enhance the scientific nature of reform decisions and the execution of reform implementation through promoting democracy and pooling wisdom. The entire process of reform deployment and reform implementation must vigorously promote the spirit of upholding truth and correcting errors, strengthen the evaluation of reform plans and the supervision of reform implementation, promptly discover problems and correct deviations, continuously adjust and optimize reform plans, ensuring the smooth progress and success of reform. The greatest vitality of reform and innovation lies within the grassroots and the masses; we must respect and leverage the pioneering spirit of localities, grassroots, and the masses. Under the premise of ensuring the Party Central Committee’s orders and prohibitions are carried out, encourage different regions or departments to combine reality, innovate, and produce experiences that can be used for reference, making reform more grounded and enhancing the people’s sense of gain and recognition. Reform topics should be set around resolving prominent contradictions, optimize the mechanism for generating key reform plans, always uphold truth, promptly discover problems and make corrections.

围绕贯彻落实党中央重大决策部署,党中央及有关部门建立完善了任务分工、督促检查、情况通报、监督问责等一系列制度,再加上严密组织体系的坚强保证,能够确保党中央决策部署得到全程无缝落实。为进一步全面深化改革,各地区各部门要坚持因地制宜、因时制宜,研究制订符合自身实际的改革落实方案,使改革措施精准管用,具有可行性、可操作性和实效性,切实防止照抄照搬、上下一般粗。要围绕解决推进中国式现代化面临的突出矛盾设置改革议题,优化重点改革方案生成机制,做到改革议题的提出积极稳妥、针对性强,每一项重点改革方案的出台论证充分、科学精准。要自觉在大局下行动,坚持局部服从整体、小道理服从大道理,切实履行对职责范围内改革的领导责任,严格执行向党中央请示报告制度,确保党中央关于进一步全面深化改革的重大决策部署不折不扣地落实到各地区各部门各领域,确保取得实效。要坚持从群众中来、到群众中去,以调查研究为谋事之基,切实把社会期盼、群众智慧、专家意见、基层经验等充分吸收到改革设计中来,注重从老百姓急难愁盼中找准改革发力点和突破口,通过发扬民主、集思广益,增强改革决策科学性和改革落实执行力。改革部署和改革落实全过程都要大力发扬坚持真理、修正错误的精神,加强改革方案评估和改革落实情况督察,及时发现问题、纠正偏差,不断调整优化改革方案,确保改革顺利推进、取得成功。改革创新最大的活力蕴藏在基层和群众中间,要尊重和发挥地方、基层、群众的首创精神。在保证党中央令行禁止前提下,鼓励不同地区或部门结合实际开拓创新,推出可资借鉴的经验,使改革更接地气,增强群众获得感、认同度。要围绕解决突出矛盾设置改革议题,优化重点改革方案生成机制,始终坚持真理,及时发现问题并进行纠正。

(III) Exerting the Party’s Core Leadership Role of Overall Planning and Coordinating All Sides

(三)发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用

Fully leveraging the Party’s core leadership role in exercising overall leadership and coordinating all efforts is not only a valuable experience accumulated by our Party in the long-term practice of revolution, construction, and reform, but also an important guideline for upholding the Party’s overall leadership in further comprehensively deepening reform. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “The Party’s leadership system for exercising overall leadership and coordinating all efforts occupies a commanding position, is comprehensive and runs through everything. The people’s congresses, governments, committees of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, supervisory organs, adjudicative organs, procuratorial organs, people’s organizations, enterprises and public institutions, social organizations, and armed forces, under the unified leadership of the Party, each take their proper place, perform their respective duties, fulfill their responsibilities, and coordinate in an orderly manner, ensuring that the decrees of the central and local governments at all levels are unified, operations are smooth, implementation is efficient, and vitality is full.” [18]18 Xi Jinping, “Explanatory Notes on the ‘Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Path Modernization’,” *People’s Daily*, July 22, 2024. On the whole, “exercising overall leadership” emphasizes the Party’s political status and political positioning, while “coordinating all efforts” emphasizes the Party’s ideological methods and working methods. In summary, in the grand chessboard of the national governance system, the Party Central Committee is the “commander” seated in the central command tent; all levels and all aspects, under the unified leadership of the Party, each take their proper place, perform their respective duties, fulfill their responsibilities, coordinate in an orderly manner, and work together with one heart. The chariots, horses, and cannons each display their strengths, the overall chessboard is clear, and with a strong sense of mission and responsibility, a high degree of political consciousness, and scientific ideological methods, Party leadership is carried through all aspects and the entire process of further comprehensively deepening reform, fully exerting the Party’s core leadership role. Further comprehensively deepening reform involves all aspects of the Party and the state’s undertakings and is a profound transformation of the national governance system. The national governance system is a complex system composed of many components, the core of which is the Communist Party of China; all other departments at all levels, enterprises and public institutions, or mass organizations must uphold Party leadership. The new round of reform has entered the deep-water zone, the complexity of the contradictions involved has increased significantly compared to the past, and the number of hard bones to chew has increased. It is necessary to uphold Party leadership over further comprehensively deepening reform, exert the Party’s core leadership role in exercising overall leadership and coordinating all efforts, improve the Party’s leadership and governance methods, continuously enhance the Party’s ability and resolve to undertake undertakings and create achievements, ensure that the Party always remains the most reliable backbone of the entire people when storms strike, ensure that further comprehensively deepening reform advances in the correct direction, and gather the mighty force to create new historical undertakings with strong political cohesion and confidence in development.

充分发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用,既是我们党在长期革命、建设、改革实践中积累的宝贵经验,也是进一步全面深化改革中坚持党的全面领导的重要遵循。习近平总书记指出:“党总揽全局、协调各方的领导体系是居于统领地位的,是全覆盖、全贯穿的,人大、政府、政协、监察机关、审判机关、检察机关、人民团体、企事业单位、社会组织以及武装力量等在党的统一领导下,各就其位、各司其职、各尽其责、有序协同,保证中央和地方各级政令统一、运行顺畅、执行高效、充满活力。”169从总体上看,“总揽全局”强调党的政治地位和政治定位,“协调各方”强调党的思想方法和工作方法。归结起来就是,在国家治理体系的大棋局中,党中央是坐镇中军帐的“帅”,各层级各方面在党的统一领导下各就其位、各司其职、各尽其责、有序协同、齐心协力,车马炮各展其长,一盘棋大局分明,以强烈的使命担当、高度的政治自觉、科学的思想方法,将党的领导贯穿于进一步全面深化改革各方面全过程,充分发挥党的领导核心作用。进一步全面深化改革涉及党和国家事业的方方面面,是国家治理体系的一场深刻变革。国家治理体系是由众多组成部分构成的复杂系统,其核心是中国共产党,其余各级部门、企事业单位或群团组织等都要坚持党的领导。新一轮改革进入深水区,涉及矛盾的复杂性比过去明显增强,难啃的硬骨头增多,必须坚持党对进一步全面深化改革的领导,发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用,完善党的领导和执政方式,不断提高党干事创业的能力和定力,使党始终成为风雨来袭时全体人民最可靠的主心骨,确保进一步全面深化改革沿着正确方向前进,以强大的政治凝聚力和发展自信心汇聚起创造新的历史伟业的磅礴力量。

(4) Maintaining a High Degree of Consciousness in Leading Social Revolution through the Party’s Self-Reform

(四)保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉

For the Communist Party of China to lead well the great social revolution of further comprehensively deepening reform, it must maintain a high degree of consciousness in leading social revolution through the Party’s self-reform, always maintain the sobriety and firmness to solve the unique problems of a large Party, advance the Party’s self-reform, build the Party itself well, create a good intra-Party political ecology conducive to further comprehensively deepening reform, and mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the entire Party in grasping reform and promoting development. It is necessary to adhere to managing and governing the Party with the spirit of reform and strict standards, deepen the reform of the Party building system, enhance the developmental vitality of the Party building system, improve the institutional normative system for the Party’s self-reform, and ensure that the Party always remains unchanged in quality, unchanged in color, and unchanged in flavor, and always becomes the strong leading core of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is necessary to more prominently apply the concepts of governance, systematic concepts, and dialectical thinking to manage, govern, and build the Party, and adopt effective measures to further improve a comprehensive and strict Party governance system that is complete, scientific, standardized, and efficient. It is necessary to strengthen the Party’s theoretical arming with innovative theories, take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the fundamental guidance, establish and improve a long-term mechanism for casting the soul with learning, increasing wisdom with learning, correcting the style with learning, and promoting action with learning, ensuring that the Party becomes stronger, more powerful, and more vibrant through revolutionary tempering. Deepen the reform of the cadre and personnel system, clearly establish a talent selection orientation that emphasizes practical work, actual performance, and responsibility, guide cadres to establish and practice a correct outlook on political performance, comprehensively improve their ability for modernization construction, and strive to build a cadre team with ultra-high political acumen and judgment, the ability to respond to practical problems in socialist modernization construction, and the ability to adapt to historical development and the requirements of the times. It is necessary to adapt to new changes in the situation and tasks, enhance the political and organizational functions of Party organizations, explore effective ways to strengthen Party building in new economic organizations, new social organizations, and new employment groups, implement and implement the Party Central Committee’s reform decisions and deployments well, and organize and unite the broad masses in various fields well. It is necessary to adhere to strengthening conduct and discipline with a strict tone, unswervingly implement the spirit of the Eight-Point Regulations of the Central Committee, resolutely oppose formalism and bureaucracy, and continuously enhance the enthusiasm and initiative of the entire Party in promoting further comprehensively deepening reform. It is necessary to deeply advance the construction of Party conduct, clean governance, and the anti-corruption struggle, improve the working mechanism for promoting the simultaneous advancement of not daring to be corrupt, not being able to be corrupt, and not wanting to be corrupt, and strive to create a clean and clear political ecology and a good reform environment.

中国共产党要领导好进一步全面深化改革这一场伟大社会革命,必须保持以党的自我革命引领社会革命的高度自觉,时刻保持解决大党独有难题的清醒和坚定,推进党的自我革命,把党自身建设好,营造有利于进一步全面深化改革的良好党内政治生态,调动全党抓改革、促发展的积极性、主动性、创造性。要坚持用改革精神和严的标准管党治党,深化党的建设制度改革,增强党的建设制度的发展活力,完善党的自我革命制度规范体系,确保党始终做到不变质、不变色、不变味,始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。要更加突出运用治理的理念、系统的观念、辩证的思维管党治党建设党,采取有力措施进一步健全系统完备、科学规范、运行高效的全面从严治党体系。要加强党的创新理论武装,以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为根本遵循,建立健全以学铸魂、以学增智、以学正风、以学促干长效机制,确保党在革命性锻造中更加坚强有力、更加充满活力。深化干部人事制度改革,鲜明树立重实干、重实绩、重担当的用人导向,引导干部树立和践行正确政绩观、全面提高现代化建设能力,努力建设一支具有超高政治敏锐力和判断力、具备应对社会主义现代化建设现实问题能力、具有适应历史发展和时代要求能力的干部队伍。要适应形势任务新变化,增强党组织政治功能和组织功能,探索加强新经济组织、新社会组织、新就业群体党的建设有效途径,把党中央关于改革的决策部署贯彻好落实好,把各领域广大群众组织好凝聚好。要坚持以严的基调强化正风肃纪,锲而不舍地落实中央八项规定精神,坚决反对形式主义、官僚主义,不断增强全党推动进一步全面深化改革的积极性和主动性。要深入推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争,完善一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐工作机制,努力营造海晏河清的政治生态和良好的改革环境。

In summary, upholding the Party’s overall leadership is the primary principle and fundamental guarantee for further comprehensively deepening reform. In the process of leading further comprehensively deepening reform, the Communist Party of China possesses significant political advantages, theoretical advantages, institutional advantages, organizational advantages, mass-line advantages, and self-reform advantages. To further comprehensively deepen reform, it is necessary to uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership, carry it through all aspects and the entire process of reform, and ensure that the Party always becomes the strong leading core for further comprehensively deepening reform.

总之,坚持党的全面领导是进一步全面深化改革的首要原则和根本保证。在领导进一步全面深化改革过程中,中国共产党具有显著的政治优势、理论优势、制度优势、组织优势、群众优势和自我革命优势。进一步全面深化改革,必须坚持和加强党的全面领导,将其贯穿于改革各方面全过程,确保党始终成为进一步全面深化改革的坚强领导核心。

Source: *Theoretical Investigation*, Issue 6, 2024

文章来源：《理论探讨》2024年第6期

Online Editor: Jing Mu

网络编辑：静穆