Cultivating the Capacity for Innovation Origination Oriented toward New Quality Productive Forces

The Central Economic Work Conference held on December 11–12, 2024, made comprehensive arrangements and further plans for economic work in 2025. The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that it is necessary to properly balance the relationship between cultivating new drivers and upgrading old ones, and to develop new quality productive forces in light of local conditions. To this end, one of the key tasks to be focused on in 2025 is “leading the development of new quality productive forces through scientific and technological innovation, and building a modern industrial system.” History since the Industrial Revolution shows that qualitative changes in productive forces bring about the evolution of the division of labor, create new industrial sectors, and reshape the global economic landscape. With the deepening of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological innovation centered on artificial intelligence is expected to trigger a new wave of scientific and technological revolution, bringing disruptive changes to various fields of economy and society and generating new drivers for global economic growth. The dimensions of competition among major powers have changed, and the way of measuring national strength has undergone major transformations. Control over the generation and transfer of key technologies, dominance over supply and industrial chains, and command over technological space and standards have become increasingly important indicators. Countries around the world have formulated and deployed development plans, vying to seize the technological high ground and striving to gain leadership in the new round of international technological competition. Therefore, in the context of major-power competition, accelerating the cultivation of the capacity for innovation origination oriented toward new quality productive forces is a crucial opportunity to recreate technological miracles, drive global economic takeoff, and promote economic circulation.

2024年12月11日至12日举行的中央经济工作会议，对2025年经济工作进行了全面部署和进一步规划。中央经济工作会议指出，必须统筹好培育新动能和更新旧动能的关系，因地制宜发展新质生产力，为此2025年要抓好的重点任务之一就是“以科技创新引领新质生产力发展，建设现代化产业体系”。工业革命以来的历史表明，生产力质变带来分工的演化、创生新的工业部门、重塑全球经济版图。随着第四次工业革命的深入，以人工智能为核心的技术创新有望引发新一轮科技革命浪潮，给经济社会各领域带来颠覆性的变革，为全球经济增长带来新动能。大国竞争的维度发生变化，国家实力的衡量方式发生重大改变，对关键技术产生和转移的控制、对供应链和产业链的支配、对技术空间和标准的掌控等成为越来越重要的指标。世界各国纷纷制定部署发展规划，争相抢占技术高地，力图在新一轮国际科技博弈中掌握领导权。因此，在大国竞争中，加快培育面向新质生产力的创新策源能力，是重现技术奇迹、拉动全球经济起飞、促进经济循环的重要契机。

The Capacity for Innovation Origination Oriented toward New Quality Productive Forces

面向新质生产力的创新策源能力

Developing new quality productive forces is of great value for achieving high-quality development and advancing Chinese-path modernization. Generally speaking, the qualitative change in productive forces is a metabolic process. The quantitative leap, qualitative optimization, and alternating transformation of productive forces manifest as a life cycle of “a set” of technological changes, in which new key technologies, leading industries, infrastructure, corresponding new modes of production organization, and new relations of production emerge, diffuse, and eventually gain dominance. This process goes through stages of introduction, expansion, synergy, and maturity. The formation and development of new quality productive forces not only create new sectors that replace traditional industrial sectors but also include creative transformation, renewing the social combination of the production process, and promoting the upgrading and transformation of more complex and diverse traditional sectors.

发展新质生产力对实现高质量发展、推进中国式现代化具有重要价值。一般来说，生产力的质态变化是一个新陈代谢过程，生产力的量值跃升、质态优化以及交替变更过程表现为新的关键技术、主导产业、基础设施和相应的新的生产组织方式以及新的生产关系从萌芽、扩散直到取得主导地位，技术革命浪潮由此呈现出“一组”技术变革的生命周期，经历导入期、拓展期、协同期和成熟期。新质生产力的形成和发展过程，不仅创造出了代替传统产业部门的新部门，而且还包含着创造性转型，更新了生产过程的社会结合，推动着更为复杂、更为多样的传统部门升级转型。

New quality productive forces are an advanced form of productive forces characterized mainly by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. They integrate new industries, new models, and new drivers, surpassing existing factor-driven development models. Based on key core technologies and disruptive technological innovation, they transform economic growth from being driven by factors such as human capital and physical capital to being driven by innovation. They promote the innovative and optimal combination of laborers, means of labor, and subjects of labor, emphasizing the high degree of unity among technological breakthroughs, industrial upgrading, and economic development. New quality productive forces, marked by breakthroughs in original technology, not only make national technological and industrial competition manifest in the choice of competitive pathways but, more importantly, whoever takes the lead will first form new technological standards and market ecosystems. The scientific attributes of new quality productive forces indicate that the capacity for innovation origination is the core driver of their development, a foundational capability determining a nation’s survival and development, and a strategic support for national development. Advancing into the cutting-edge fields of science and technology and solving “bottleneck” problems [1]1 “Bottleneck” problems (卡脖子难题) refers to key technologies in which China is dependent on foreign countries and that are subject to external restrictions or blockades. more urgently require original achievements, foundational breakthroughs, and independent innovation. Therefore, the capacity for independent innovation origination, characterized by the energy level of self-reliance and self-strengthening “from 0 to 1,” becomes an important driving force for the germination of new qualitative forms of productive forces. The capacity for innovation origination is the core of independent scientific and technological innovation capability, the concentrated embodiment of original innovation capability, and the key link in the innovation process. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, it is necessary to strengthen the origination function of scientific and technological innovation, strive to achieve a leap from nothing to something in new scientific discoveries, new technological inventions, new industrial directions, and new development concepts, and become the first discoverer of scientific laws, the first creator of technological inventions, the first pioneer of innovative industries, and the first practitioner of innovative concepts.

新质生产力是以高科技、高效能、高质量为主要特征，集成新产业、新模式、新动能，超越现有要素驱动发展模式的先进生产力质态，立足关键核心技术和颠覆性技术创新，将经济增长由原先的人力、资本等要素驱动转变为创新驱动，推动劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象的创新性优化组合，强调技术突破、产业升级、经济发展的高度统一。以原创技术的突破为标志的新质生产力不仅使国家的技术竞争和产业竞争体现于竞争路径的选择，而且更重要的是，谁能抢先一步就会率先形成新的技术标准和市场生态。新质生产力的科学属性表明，创新策源能力是其发展的核心动能，是决定国家生存和发展的基础能力，是国家发展的战略支撑。进军科学技术的尖端领域以及破解“卡脖子”难题，更加迫切需要原创性成果、基础性突破以及自主性创新。因此，具有“从0到1”自立自强能级特征的自主创新策源能力成为生产力新质态萌发的重要推动力，创新策源能力是科技自主创新能力的核心，是原始创新能力的集中体现，是创新过程中的关键环节。正如习近平总书记指出的那样，要强化科技创新策源功能，努力实现科学新发现、技术新发明、产业新方向、发展新理念从无到有的跨越，成为科学规律的第一发现者、技术发明的第一创造者、创新产业的第一开拓者、创新理念的第一实践者。

Specifically, the capacity for innovation origination refers to the capability that social systemic structural change and development possess when oriented toward the frontier trends of scientific and technological innovation. The capacity for innovation origination takes the home country as the main battlefield for original innovation. Through forward-looking and breakthrough scientific and technological achievements, it forms and leads technological change. Relying on the complementary and dialectical composition of “innovation planning” and “innovation source,” “planning” specifically refers to the implementation of innovation plans and the conduct of innovation activities, emphasizing proactive action and pioneering leadership, and solving the “from 0 to 1” problem requires doing something and refraining from doing something else. “Source” emphasizes the originality, indigenousness, and breakthrough nature of scientific and technological innovation, referring to the innovation advantage gained from being the first to research and develop a new product, excluding the possibility of imitative innovation. “Planning” and “source” are dialectically unified: “planning” emphasizes action, releasing the energy contained in “source”; “source” emphasizes endogeneity, aiming to cultivate original innovation. Innovation “planning” and innovation “source” together constitute the two sides of the same coin in building the capacity for innovation origination. Thus, the capacity for innovation origination differs from imitative innovation and improvement-oriented innovation, placing greater emphasis on pioneering, breakthrough, driving, and transformative qualities. The purpose of cultivating the capacity for innovation origination is to enhance the overall innovation efficiency of the country, thereby achieving scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening.

具体来说，创新策源能力是指面向科技创新发展前沿趋势，社会系统性结构变迁发展所具备的能力。创新策源能力将本土作为原创性创新主战场，通过前瞻性、突破性科技成果，形成赋能并引领科技变革，依托“创新策动”与“创新之源”相辅相成、辩证构成，“策”具体指创新计划实施与创新活动开展，强调主动作为、引领开拓，解决“从0到1”的问题必须有所为有所不为；“源”是强调科技创新的原发性、本土性、突破性，由于领先研发某种新产品的过程而具有的创新优势，排除了模仿创新的可能性。“策”与“源”辩证统一，“策”强调行动，将“源”所蕴藏的能量释放出来，“源”强调内生性，旨在培养原始性创新，创新之“策”与创新之“源”共同构成创新策源能力建设的一体两面。由此可见，创新策源能力不同于模仿型创新，不同于改进型创新，更强调首创性、突破性、带动性和变革性。创新策源能力培育的目的是提升国家整体创新效能，从而实现科技自立自强。

The generative mechanism of the capacity for innovation origination is realized through an innovation closed loop created by “innovation planning” to build “innovation source.” On the one hand, by setting goals that align with national strategic needs, refining key scientific questions, and establishing a scientific and reasonable project initiation mechanism, interaction among innovation entities is strengthened, and the continuous reinforcement of innovation momentum is promoted. Adhering to the principle of innovation advantage dissipation of “moving from balance to rebalancing,” through the optimal combination of various innovation elements and the efficient agglomeration of various innovation resources, a technological dissipative structure of innovation advantage is achieved. [2]2 The phrase “moving from balance to rebalancing” (从平衡走向再平衡) and “technological dissipative structure” (技术耗散结构) are references to Ilya Prigogine’s theory of dissipative structures, applied here to describe how innovation systems maintain order through the continuous input of energy and resources. On the other hand, based on the positive interaction between innovation momentum and innovation advantage, an innovation closed loop of “innovation momentum—innovation conditions—innovation input—innovation capability—innovation outcomes” is formed, continuously generating new academic ideas, new scientific discoveries, new technological inventions, and new industrial directions, thereby realizing the development and enhancement of the capacity for innovation origination. The generative process of the capacity for innovation origination is the result of the synergistic drive of “innovation planning and innovation source.” “Innovation planning” stimulates innovation vitality, continuously enriches and upgrades the “policy package” and “toolbox,” and, starting from the entire chain of innovation activities, plans the entire innovation process, thereby realizing the enhancement of innovation value, achieving the transformation and reconstruction of knowledge, and building a bridge between basic research and applied research.

创新策源能力的发生机制通过“创新策动”打造“创新之源”的创新闭环实现。一方面，通过制定符合国家战略需求的目标、关键科学问题的凝练以及科学合理的立项机制，加强创新主体之间的互动，推动创新动力的不断强化；坚持“从平衡走向再平衡”的创新优势耗散原则，通过各种创新要素的优化组合和各类创新资源的高效集聚，实现创新优势的技术耗散结构；①另一方面，在创新动力与创新优势良好互动的基础上，形成“创新动力—创新条件—创新投入—创新能力—创新成果”的创新闭环，持续催生学术新思想、科学新发现、技术新发明、产业新方向，实现创新策源能力的发展与提升。创新策源能力的发生过程是“创新策动、创新之源”协同驱动的结果。“创新策动”激发创新活力，不断丰富升级“政策包”“工具箱”，从创新活动全链条出发，对创新全过程进行规划，由此实现创新价值提升，实现知识的转换与再造，搭建基础研究与应用研究之间的桥梁。

The Direction for Cultivating the Capacity for Innovation Origination

创新策源能力的培育方向

The capacity for innovation origination, constructed on the basis of cutting-edge core technologies, as an innovation paradigm, while helping countries and regions build technological heights, can determine the future development direction of a country or region. Therefore, the strategic significance of the capacity for innovation origination for enhancing the international influence of China’s scientific and technological achievements, the contribution to global knowledge creation, the attractiveness of the innovation and entrepreneurship environment, and the radiating and driving force of scientific and technological innovation is self-evident. Currently, China is in a critical period of the overall leap of new quality productive forces and the deepening reform of the science and technology system. It is urgent to find the direction for cultivating the capacity for innovation origination.

建构在前沿核心技术之上的创新策源能力，作为一种创新范式，在帮助国家和地区构筑技术高度的同时，能够决定一个国家或地区未来发展的方向。因此，创新策源能力对提升我国科技成果的国际影响力、全球知识创造中的贡献力、创新创业环境的吸引力、科技创新的辐射带动力的战略意义不言而喻。当前，我国正处于新质生产力整体跃迁、科技体制改革不断深化的攻坚期，亟须找到创新策源能力的培育方向。

The Central Economic Work Conference clearly pointed out: “Strengthen basic research and research on key core technologies, make forward-looking arrangements for major science and technology projects, and carry out large-scale application demonstration campaigns for new technologies, new products, and new scenarios. Carry out the ‘AI+’ campaign to cultivate future industries. Strengthen the building of national strategic scientific and technological forces.” [3]3 The Central Economic Work Conference is an annual high-level meeting of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council that sets economic policy priorities for the following year. This reflects the nation’s need to continuously open up new development fields and new tracks, and to shape new development drivers and new advantages. According to the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, this requires that the cultivation direction of the capacity for innovation origination possess the following characteristics: first, it represents the most advanced technological level or major original breakthroughs in one or more fields of engineering technology, capable of leading the future direction of technological progress; second, it achieves overall goals through technological integration and optimal allocation of resources, exhibiting notable characteristics of systemic integrated innovation; third, it gives rise to new industries and new drivers, possessing significant industrial driving and economic value, representing the development direction of new quality productive forces, and as a foreseeable disruptive technology, it leads a new technological innovation revolution, capable of generating enormous economic and social benefits and profoundly changing the way of human life.

中央经济工作会议明确指出：“加强基础研究和关键核心技术攻关，超前布局重大科技项目，开展新技术新产品新场景大规模应用示范行动。开展‘人工智能+'行动，培育未来产业。加强国家战略科技力量建设。”①这反映了国家需要不断开辟发展新领域新赛道，塑造发展新动能新优势。根据中央经济工作会议精神，这就需要创新策源能力的培育方向具有这样几个特征，一是代表了某一个或多个工程科技领域最先进的技术水平或者重大的原创性突破，能够引领未来技术进步方向；二是通过技术整合、资源优化配置达成整体目标，呈现出显著的系统集成创新特色；三是催生新产业、新动能，具有重要的产业带动和经济驱动价值，代表新质生产力发展方向，作为可预见的颠覆性技术引领全新的技术创新革命，能够产生巨大的经济和社会效益并深刻改变人类的生活方式。

The specific manifestations of the capacity for innovation origination oriented toward new quality productive forces are “new academic ideas, new scientific discoveries, new technological inventions, and new industrial directions.” New academic ideas are forward-looking scientific ideas, the embryonic stage of innovation; new scientific discoveries and new technological inventions are mutually causal and reinforcing—new scientific discoveries provide scientific theoretical support for new technological inventions, while new technological inventions provide experimental equipment and conditions for new scientific discoveries; new industrial directions are the back end of the innovation chain, the key stage where scientific and technological innovation demonstrates tangible results, and can in turn generate new academic ideas through industrial application. Therefore, the cultivation of the capacity for innovation origination is based on the entire chain, respecting the objective laws of innovation activities, conducting comprehensive and holistic considerations, optimizing the allocation of elements and organizational mechanisms, coordinating innovation activities at various stages and their external environmental factors, promoting the connection and integration of the entire chain, improving the efficiency of the flow and transformation of knowledge and achievements at different stages, and accelerating the transformation of science into the capacity for innovation origination.

面向新质生产力的创新策源能力的具体表征是“学术新思想、科学新发现、技术新发明、产业新方向”。学术新思想是前瞻性的科学思想，是创新的萌芽阶段；科学新发现和技术新发明是互为因果、相互促进的关系，科学新发现为技术新发明提供科学理论的支持，技术新发明为科学新发现提供实验设备和条件；产业新方向是创新链的后端，是科技创新显现实效的关键阶段，在产业应用中又能产生学术新思想。因此，创新策源能力的培育基于全链条，尊重创新活动客观规律，进行全方位、整体性考虑，优化要素配置和组织机制，统筹各阶段创新活动及其外部环境因素，促进全链条贯通衔接，提高不同阶段知识、成果的流动和转化效率，实现科学向创新策源能力的加速转化。

On the basis of respecting the objective laws of innovation activities, the cultivation of the capacity for innovation origination also requires focused breakthroughs. Since the capacity for innovation origination possesses the characteristics of source innovation and the power to drive innovation development, and with the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, the value creation of the capacity for innovation origination depends on successful application in specific fields. The industrial chain is the key link for completing the innovation chain and testing the effectiveness of innovation. The capacity for innovation origination will continuously expand, integrate, and deepen toward the industrial end along the innovation chain. The precise alignment of the innovation chain and the industrial chain marks the beginning of cultivating a new capacity for innovation origination. The practical problems and data feedback generated during the application of the industrial chain will also provide feedback for the continuous research and development breakthroughs and iterative applications of the capacity for innovation origination, promoting its continuous improvement, enrichment, and maturation.

在尊重创新活动客观规律的基础上，创新策源能力的培育也需要重点突破。由于创新策源能力具有源头创新的特征和驱动创新发展的力量，随着科技创新与产业发展的深度融合，创新策源能力的价值创造依赖在具体领域的成功应用。产业链是完成创新链、检验创新成效的关键环节，创新策源能力会沿着创新链条不断向产业端拓展、融合与深化，创新链与产业链的精准对接是进行新的创新策源能力培育的开始。在产业链应用过程中产生的现实问题和数据反馈，也会为创新策源能力的持续研发突破与迭代应用提供反馈，推动创新策源能力的不断完善、丰富和成熟。

Currently, the key industrial chain cultivation directions for China’s capacity for innovation origination mainly include two types: strategic emerging industries and future industries. Generally speaking, strategic emerging industries are based on major technological breakthroughs and major development needs, have a significant leading and driving role in the overall economic and social situation and long-term development, are knowledge- and technology-intensive, consume few material resources, have great growth potential, and yield comprehensive benefits. They include new growth engines such as next-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, and green environmental protection. Future industries, on the other hand, are based on breakthrough innovation achievements in major frontier science and technology, transcend original technological tracks, construct new research and development paradigms, and play a forward-looking leading role in future economic and social development. They are the “arena” for future major powers to make deep layouts and for giants to fiercely compete, including frontier science and technology and industrial transformation fields such as brain-like intelligence, quantum information, gene technology, future networks, deep-sea and aerospace development, and hydrogen energy and energy storage. Generally speaking, strategic emerging industries have preliminarily completed major technological trial and error, transitioning from the technological innovation stage to the industrial innovation stage. Future industries, however, are still in the trial-and-error stage of scientific and technological innovation, with unclear industrial application scenarios and business models, and possess strong uncertainty. Both strategic emerging industries and future industries are focal points for solving “bottleneck” technologies. [4]4 “Bottleneck” (卡脖子) technologies refer to key technologies on which China is dependent on foreign countries and which are subject to potential supply restrictions or blockades. Especially future industries, as the development space for traditional industries is currently limited and competition is increasingly fierce, although future industries are in the early stage of the industrial life cycle, they represent the commanding heights and new directions of future science and technology and future development. They are the necessary path for cultivating the capacity for innovation origination, driving the shift from gradual catch-up to breakthrough leadership, and are a strategic choice for cultivating new quality productive forces.

当前我国创新策源能力的重点产业链培育方向主要包括两种类型，即战略性新兴产业和未来产业。一般来说，战略性新兴产业是以重大技术突破和重大发展需求为基础，对经济社会全局和长远发展具有重大引领带动作用，知识技术密集、物质资源消耗少、成长潜力大、综合效益好的产业，包括新一代信息技术、人工智能、生物技术、新能源、新材料、高端装备、绿色环保等一批新的增长引擎。未来产业则是基于重大前沿科技的突破性创新成果，跨越原有的技术轨道，构建出新的研发范式，对未来经济社会发展起到前瞻性的引领作用，是未来大国深度布局、巨头激烈角力的“竞技场”,包括类脑智能、量子信息、基因技术、未来网络、深海空天开发、氢能与储能等前沿科技和产业变革领域。一般来说，战略性新兴产业已经初步完成重大技术试错，从技术创新发展到产业创新阶段，未来产业则仍处于科技创新的试错阶段，产业应用场景和商业模式尚不明确，具有很强的不确定性。战略性新兴产业和未来产业都是破解“卡脖子”技术的着力点，尤其是未来产业，当前传统产业发展空间受限且竞争日趋激烈，未来产业虽处在产业生命周期的早期阶段，但代表着未来科技与未来发展的制高点、新方向，是培育创新策源能力、带动从渐进追赶转向突破引领的必由之路，是培育新质生产力的战略选择。

Cultivation Paths for the Capacity for Innovation Origination

创新策源能力的培育路径

The capacity for innovation origination, as a powerful engine for the development of new quality productive forces, not only integrates innovation resources and leads breakthroughs at the frontiers of science and technology, but also provides solid support for economic transformation and upgrading and high-quality development. Therefore, to realize the qualitative change in the state of new quality productive forces, it is necessary to continuously carry out systemic changes in cultivation paths, establish social production organization methods that meet the requirements of the times, and complete paradigm shifts in a timely manner, striving to transform this “key variable” of the capacity for innovation origination into the “internal increment” for the nation’s self-reliance and self-strengthening, comprehensive revitalization, and all-round development. This specifically includes the following cultivation paths.

创新策源能力，作为新质生产力发展的强大引擎，不仅整合创新资源、引领科技前沿突破，更为经济转型升级和高质量发展提供了坚实的支撑。因此，为了实现新质生产力的质态变迁，必须持续对培育路径进行系统变革，建立适应时代要求的社会生产组织方式并适时完成范式转换，努力把创新策源能力这个“关键变量”转化为国家自立自强、全面振兴、全方位发展的“内在增量”，具体包括以下培育路径。

Gather strategic scientific and technological force resources. Innovation research is gradually transitioning from interest-oriented, purely academic, and freely exploratory research to application-oriented, interdisciplinary, and resource-dependent organized scientific research activities. The systemic integration of high-tech products and the complexity of innovative technologies determine cross-departmental, cross-industry, cross-organizational, and cross-regional innovation organization methods. Relevant departments should, leveraging the cultivation of the capacity for innovation origination as the core, accelerate the layout of basic research and applied basic research, strengthen strategic orientation, forward-looking layout, organizational coordination, and resource guarantees, build a system of national strategic scientific and technological forces, leverage the role of large teams, large facilities, and large platform resources, and promote open aggregation and deep docking of multiple synergies. In particular, the vanguard role of the national innovation system construction should be brought into play, strengthening the demonstration role of the “problem setter,” [5]5 “Problem setter” (出题人) is a term used in Chinese science policy discourse to describe the role of the state or leading institutions in defining the key scientific and technological challenges to be solved. concretely implementing and detailing the lists, roadmaps, and timelines for the battle to tackle key core technologies, joining forces to overcome key core technologies, carrying out forward-looking and leading research, and seizing the commanding heights of science and technology. At the same time, strengthen the construction of major science and technology infrastructure, enhance the supply capacity of source innovation, improve the new nationwide system for tackling key core technologies, [6]6 The “new nationwide system” (新型举国体制) refers to a contemporary adaptation of the traditional Chinese state-led mobilization model for scientific and technological development, combining state direction with market mechanisms. enhance systematic capabilities, strengthen institutionalized scientific research, implement organized, strongly cross-disciplinary, and broadly collaborative scientific research, and promote the concentrated emergence of new knowledge, new creations, and new inventions.

汇聚战略科技力量资源。创新研究正从兴趣导向的、纯学理性的、自由探索式的研究逐渐过渡到应用指向性的、学科交叉性的、资源依赖性的有组织科研活动，高科技产品的系统集成性、创新技术的复杂性决定了跨部门、跨行业、跨组织、跨地域的创新组织方式。相关部门要凭借创新策源能力的培育这一核心，加速布局基础研究和应用基础研究，强化战略导向、前瞻布局、组织协调和资源保障，构建国家战略科技力量体系，发挥大团队、大设施、大平台资源的作用，促进多元协同的开放式聚合与深度对接。尤其要发挥国家创新体系建设桥头堡作用，强化“出题人”示范作用，具体落实细化关键核心技术攻坚战的清单、路线图和时间表，合力攻克关键核心技术，开展前瞻性、引领性研究，抢占科技制高点。同时加强重大科技基础设施建设，提升源头创新供给能力，完善关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制，提升体系化能力、加强建制化科研，实施有组织、强交叉、大协同科研攻关，促进新知识、新创造、新发明集中涌现。

Consolidate the innovation ecosystem for scientific research tackling. In an era of increasingly intense technological competition, the innovation game is no longer a single-dimensional technological contest but a competition among innovation ecosystems characterized by close multi-actor linkages and multi-stage interactive evolution. It is necessary to apply the theoretical logic of innovation based on systems theory and holism, systematically lay out and optimize the system for scientific and technological innovation, strengthen the independent and self-reliant nature of the national innovation system, and comprehensively advance the optimization of the system and policy framework for scientific and technological innovation. The innovation ecosystem possesses not only “vitality” but also “evolutionary force.” Through self-organization and self-adaptation, it enables the co-evolution of different innovation actors, prompting them to gradually shift from generalized interaction to precise connection, from focusing on breakthroughs in individual technological points to enhancing systemic capacity and network effectiveness, and from an over-reliance on exogenous technologies based on “exchanging market for technology” to an endogenous technology approach driven by the thinking of self-reliance and self-strengthening. This highlights systemic and institutional advantages, “seizing the initiative” in enhancing the core competitiveness of the industry-university-research-application cooperation network. By aligning with major national strategic needs and common problems, we should promote the construction of an efficient, convenient, and innovative cooperation network for scientific research tackling, improve the new system of mobilizing resources nationwide [7]7 The “new system of mobilizing resources nationwide” (新型举国体制) refers to a contemporary Chinese institutional mechanism that combines state strategic direction with market mechanisms to concentrate resources on major scientific and technological breakthroughs., facilitate the formation of a long-term linkage mechanism among multiple actors, focus on key fields such as generative artificial intelligence, quantum computing, extended reality, digital immune systems, edge computing, and genomics, accelerate the breakthrough and iterative application of generic technologies, provide underlying technological support for emerging industries, promote the supply of original theories and inclusive technologies from the source, and ensure the dynamic adaptation and efficient connection of various innovation resources. To stimulate innovation potential, it is necessary to acknowledge the uncertainty, forward-looking nature, and lag in evaluation of original innovation research. A fault-tolerance mechanism supporting original innovation should be constructed based on the actual conditions and objective laws of original innovation.

夯实科研攻关创新生态系统。在科技竞争日益白炽化时代，创新博弈不再是单一维度的技术竞争，而是多主体联系紧密、多阶段交互演化的创新生态系统竞争。要应用系统论和整体论的创新理论逻辑，系统布局和优化科技创新体系，强化国家创新体系的独立自主性，全面推进科技创新制度和政策体系优化。创新生态系统不仅具有“生命力”，而且具有“进化力”，通过自组织和自适应，实现不同创新主体的共同进化，促使创新主体逐渐从泛化互动到精准连接，从注重单项技术点的突破到强化系统能力和网络成效的提升，从过度依赖“市场换技术”的外源性技术为主的思路，转型到以自立自强思维驱动的内源性技术为主，突出体系化、建制化优势，在提升产学研用合作网络核心竞争力上“谋先机”。通过对接国家重大战略需求与共性问题，推动建设高效、便捷、创新的科研攻关合作网络，健全新型举国体制，促进形成多元主体长效联动机制，聚焦生成式人工智能、量子计算、扩展现实、数字免疫系统、边缘计算、基因组学等关键领域，加快推进通用技术的研发突破与迭代应用，为新兴产业提供底层技术支撑，促进源头供给原创型理论与普惠型技术，确保各类创新资源进行动态适配与高效衔接。为了激发创新势能，必须承认原始创新研究的不确定性、超前性以及评估的滞后性，应当根据原始创新的实际情况与客观规律构建支持原始创新的容错机制。

Build a solid talent foundation for high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening. On the path to seizing the cultivation of innovation origination capacity, the higher the degree of coupling between innovation origination capacity and talent development, the more likely the cultivation of innovation origination capacity will be realized. Therefore, prioritizing the cultivation of outstanding scientific and technological talent, enhancing talent quality, promoting the multi-dimensional linkage of knowledge integration, technological invention, and industrial upgrading, and driving the transformation, promotion, and demonstration of scientific research achievements are the fundamental ways to cultivate innovation origination capacity. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out at the National Education Conference, “We must coordinate the implementation of the strategy of invigorating China through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation through talent, and the innovation-driven development strategy.” [8]8 Xi Jinping’s speech at the National Education Conference on September 10, 2018, outlining the strategic integration of education, science and technology, and talent development. Higher education, as the main domain for talent cultivation, is transforming from “adapting to society” to “leading society.” Higher education is inherently consistent with building a strong education system, a strong science and technology system, and a strong talent system. Higher education can effectively connect original innovation, integrated innovation, open innovation, and application transformation, providing systemic support for the high-quality development of innovation origination capacity and the realization of multiplier effects. Universities, in particular, should focus on the key cultivation of three types of talent: urgently needed talent in cutting-edge technology and key fields, interdisciplinary top-notch talent, and innovative, application-oriented, and skilled talent. They should stimulate their innovation quality, innovation thinking, and innovation ability, continuously promote the integrated development of higher education and the national innovation origination capacity, enhance the capacity for original innovation, and strive to achieve new breakthroughs in major scientific discoveries.

筑牢高水平科技自立自强的人才根基。在抢抓创新策源能力培育的道路上，创新策源能力与人才发展的耦合程度越高，创新策源能力的培育就越有可能实现。因此，以卓越科技人才培养为先，培育提升人才质量，促进知识集成、技术发明及产业升级的多元联动，推动科研成果转化、推广和示范，是创新策源能力培育的根本之道。正如习近平总书记在全国教育大会上指出的，“要统筹实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略”。高等教育作为人才培养的主要领域，正从“适应社会”转变为“引领社会”。高等教育与建设教育强国、科技强国、人才强国具有内在一致性。高等教育能够实现原始创新、集成创新、开放创新到应用转化的有效贯通，为创新策源能力的高质量发展与倍增效应的实现提供系统支撑。高校尤其要注重对科技前沿和关键领域紧缺人才、跨学科拔尖人才以及创新型、应用型、技能型人才这三类人才的重点培养，将他们的创新素质、创新思维和创新能力激发出来，持续推进高等教育与国家创新策源能力的一体化发展，提升原始创新能力，争取在重大科学发现方面实现新突破。

According to data from the Global Innovation Research website, 21 Chinese science and technology innovation centers rank among the global top 100, with 6 entering the top 30. [9]9 The Global Innovation Research website likely refers to a ranking of science and technology innovation clusters, such as those published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in its Global Innovation Index. It is necessary to increase research and development efforts, accelerate the cultivation of globally key core technology talent, foster a contingent of world-class scientific and technological leaders and high-level innovation teams, build a global talent reservoir, and maintain global leadership in three dimensions: the global agglomeration capacity of innovation factors, the global origination capacity of technological innovation, and the global driving capacity of industrial transformation. We should continuously build pilot zones for talent management reform, construct an evaluation system that conforms to the laws of basic research and talent growth, fully reflect the income distribution mechanism for innovation factors such as knowledge and technology, accelerate market-oriented talent evaluation, integrated talent services, and collaborative talent innovation, strengthen honor incentives for talent, and stimulate the innovation vitality of talent.

据全球创新研究网站显示，中国有21个科技创新中心进入全球前一百强，其中有6个进入前三十强。要加大研发力度，加快培育全球关键核心技术人才，造就一批世界水平的科技领军人才和高水平创新团队，建设全球人才蓄水池，保持在创新要素全球集聚力、技术创新全球策源力、产业变革全球驱动力这三个维度上的全球领导力。不断建设人才管理改革试验区，构建符合基础研究规律和人才成长规律的评价体系，充分体现知识、技术等创新要素的收益分配机制，加快人才市场化评价、人才服务一体化、人才协同创新，加强对人才的荣誉激励，激发人才创新活力。

(The author is a tenured professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Marxism, Beijing Institute of Technology.)

（作者系北京理工大学马克思主义学院长聘教授、博士生导师）