Firmly Grasp the Political, People-Oriented, and Strategic Attributes of Education to Accelerate the Building of a Leading Country in Education

Education is the foundation for building a strong country and achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. During this year’s National People’s Congress and Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference sessions, General Secretary Xi Jinping, when visiting members of the China Democratic League, the China Association for Promoting Democracy, and the education sector attending the Third Session of the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, emphasized strengthening the supporting role of education for science, technology, and talent, profoundly elaborating on the guiding and foundational supporting role of education on the new journey of the New Era; he stressed that to build a leading country in education, science and technology, and talent, “we must adhere to the correct orientation for running schools,” and that this “is a common responsibility of the entire Party and the whole society.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has consistently regarded education as a major national and Party plan, establishing the goal of building a leading country in education by 2035. From September 9 to 10, 2024, the National Education Conference was held in Beijing, making mobilization and deployment for accelerating the building of a leading country in education on the new journey of the New Era. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech at the conference highlighted the political, people-oriented, and strategic attributes of education (hereinafter referred to as the “Three Attributes”), emphasizing that the leading country in education we aim to build is a leading country in education under socialism with Chinese characteristics, which should possess strong ideological and political guiding power, talent competitiveness, scientific and technological support capacity, people’s livelihood guarantee capacity, social coordination capacity, and international influence (hereinafter referred to as the “Six Characteristics”). This scientifically answers the epochal question of “why build a leading country in education, what kind of leading country in education to build, and how to build a leading country in education,” pointing the way forward and providing fundamental guidance for building a leading country in education.

教育是强国建设、民族复兴之基。今年全国两会期间，习近平总书记在看望参加全国政协十四届三次会议的民盟、民进、教育界委员时，强调强化教育对科技和人才的支撑作用，深刻阐述了新时代新征程教育的先导性、基础性支撑作用；强调建设教育强国、科技强国、人才强国，“必须坚持正确办学方向”，“是全党全社会的共同责任”。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持把教育作为国之大计、党之大计，确立到2035年建成教育强国的奋斗目标。2024年9月9日至10日，全国教育大会在北京召开，对新时代新征程加快建设教育强国作出动员部署，习近平总书记在大会上的重要讲话凸显了教育的政治属性、人民属性、战略属性（以下简称“三大属性”），强调我们要建成的教育强国，是中国特色社会主义教育强国，应当具有强大的思政引领力、人才竞争力、科技支撑力、民生保障力、社会协同力、国际影响力（以下简称“六大特质”），科学回答了“为什么要建设教育强国，建设什么样的教育强国，怎样建设教育强国”这个时代命题，为建设教育强国指明了前进方向、提供了根本遵循。

When education thrives, the country thrives; when education is strong, the country is strong. The Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the *Outline for Building a Leading Country in Education (2024–2035)* (hereinafter referred to as the *Outline*), emphasizing the need to fully grasp the “Three Attributes” of education under socialism with Chinese characteristics, focus on the “Six Characteristics” of a leading country in education, and comprehensively construct an ideological and political education system that consolidates the foundation and molds the soul, a fair and high-quality basic education system, a self-reliant and excellent higher education system, a vocational education system integrating industry and education, a ubiquitous and accessible lifelong education system, an innovation-driven scientific and technological support system, a high-quality teacher workforce system, and an open and mutually beneficial international cooperation system (hereinafter referred to as the “Eight Systems”), making comprehensive and systematic arrangements for accelerating the building of a leading country in education.

教育兴则国家兴，教育强则国家强。中共中央、国务院印发《教育强国建设规划纲要（2024—2035年）》（以下简称《纲要》），强调要全面把握中国特色社会主义教育“三大属性”，聚焦教育强国“六大特质”，全面构建固本铸魂的思想政治教育体系、公平优质的基础教育体系、自强卓越的高等教育体系、产教融合的职业教育体系、泛在可及的终身教育体系、创新牵引的科技支撑体系、素质精良的教师队伍体系和开放互鉴的国际合作体系（以下简称“八大体系”），对加快建设教育强国作出全面系统部署。

In the grand blueprint for building a leading country in education by 2035, the “Three Attributes” are the foundation. This theory of the nature of education has been consistent in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on education since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, is in the same lineage as Marxist educational thought, and is rooted in the fertile soil of contemporary China’s educational reform and development practice. The political attribute of education highlights the directional requirements of education; the people-oriented attribute highlights the value pursuit of education; the strategic attribute highlights the functional role of education. Among these three attributes, the political attribute is primary, the people-oriented attribute is fundamental, and the strategic attribute is key. Although each has its own emphasis, they are not mutually isolated but are interconnected, mutually supportive, and internally unified. They need to be understood and recognized dialectically, comprehensively, and systematically, and their relationship must be coordinated and grasped in practice.

在面向2035年建成教育强国的宏伟蓝图中，“三大属性”是根基。这一教育性质理论，在党的十八大以来习近平总书记关于教育的重要论述中一以贯之，与马克思主义教育思想一脉相承，植根于当代中国教育改革和发展实践的丰厚土壤。教育的政治属性，突出强调了教育的方向性要求；教育的人民属性，突出强调了教育的价值追求；教育的战略属性，突出强调了教育的功能发挥。这三大属性中，政治属性是首要，人民属性是根本，战略属性是关键。它们虽各有侧重，但不是相互割裂的，而是相互联系、彼此支撑、内在统一的，需要辩证地、全面地、系统地认识和理解，并在实践中统筹把握好。

Firmly Grasp the Political Attribute of Education and Implement the Fundamental Task of Fostering Virtue and Nurturing Talent

牢牢把握教育的政治属性，落实立德树人根本任务

“To establish a state and govern the people, teaching comes first.” [1]1 A classical allusion from the *Book of Rites* (《礼记》), specifically the chapter “Xue Ji” (《学记》), emphasizing the foundational role of education in statecraft. Education possesses the characteristics of the superstructure and has an inherent and necessary connection with politics. As early as the Yan’an period, Comrade Mao Zedong put forward the requirement of “an unswerving political direction” for running the Counter-Japanese Military and Political University and the Northern Shaanxi Public School. [2]2 The Counter-Japanese Military and Political University (抗日军政大学) and the Northern Shaanxi Public School (陕北公学) were revolutionary educational institutions established by the CPC in the Yan’an period (mid-1930s to late 1940s), focused on training cadres for the war effort and Party work. At the 1978 National Education Work Conference, Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: “Schools should always put a firm and correct political direction in first place.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the political attribute of education, emphasizing: “From both historical and practical perspectives, the basic way for any country or any society to maintain political rule and sustain social stability is invariably through education.”

“建国君民，教学为先。”教育具有上层建筑的特征，与政治有着内在的必然联系。早在延安时期，毛泽东同志就为抗日军政大学、陕北公学提出“坚定不移的政治方向”的办学要求。在1978年全国教育工作会议上，邓小平同志指出：“学校应该永远把坚定正确的政治方向放在第一位。”党的十八大以来，习近平总书记高度重视教育的政治属性，强调：“从历史和现实的角度看，任何国家、任何社会，其维护政治统治、维系社会稳定的基本途径无一不是通过教育。”

What kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them are the fundamental questions of education, a prominent manifestation of the political attribute of education, and the core issue in building a leading country in education. China is a socialist country led by the CPC, which determines that our education must take cultivating builders and successors of socialism as its fundamental task, nurturing generation after generation of useful talents who support the leadership of the CPC and China’s socialist system and are determined to strive for socialism with Chinese characteristics throughout their lives. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “No other undertaking influences or even determines the issue of successors, influences or even determines the long-term stability and security of the country, and influences or even determines national rejuvenation and the rise of the nation as much as education does. In this sense, education is a major national and Party plan.”

培养什么人、怎样培养人、为谁培养人，是教育的根本问题，是教育政治属性的突出体现，是建设教育强国的核心课题。我国是中国共产党领导的社会主义国家，这就决定了我们的教育必须把培养社会主义建设者和接班人作为根本任务，培养一代又一代拥护中国共产党领导和我国社会主义制度、立志为中国特色社会主义奋斗终身的有用人才。正像习近平总书记所指出的：“没有哪一项事业像教育这样影响甚至决定着接班人问题，影响甚至决定着国家长治久安，影响甚至决定着民族复兴和国家崛起。从这个意义上说，教育是国之大计、党之大计。”

The political attribute reflects the fundamental direction of China’s education. In General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on education, upholding the Party’s overall leadership over education, taking fostering virtue and nurturing talent as the fundamental task, adhering to the socialist orientation for running schools, and insisting on running education rooted in China’s soil centrally embody the political attribute of education. They are interconnected and ultimately reflected in the Party’s educational policy and training objectives. The purpose of our building a leading country in education is to cultivate generation after generation of well-rounded socialist builders and successors who are developed morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and labor-wise, and to cultivate generation after generation of pillars of talent who can be of great use and bear heavy responsibilities in socialist modernization, ensuring that the Party’s cause and the building of a great modern socialist country have successors. To firmly grasp the political attribute of education, we must more prominently view education from the perspective of the major politics of national interests, fully implement the Party’s educational policy, carry out the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing talent, persist in educating people for the Party and cultivating talents for the country, and unswervingly cultivate well-rounded socialist builders and successors developed morally, intellectually, physically, aesthetically, and labor-wise. From a practical perspective, this especially involves using Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to forge souls and educate people, and comprehensively implementing the project of fostering virtue and nurturing talent for the New Era.

政治属性体现我国教育的根本方向。在习近平总书记关于教育的重要论述中，坚持党对教育事业的全面领导、坚持把立德树人作为根本任务、坚持社会主义办学方向、坚持扎根中国大地办教育等集中体现着教育的政治属性。它们又相互联系，最终体现在党的教育方针和培养目标上。我们建设教育强国的目的，就是培养一代又一代德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人，培养一代又一代在社会主义现代化建设中可堪大用、能担重任的栋梁之才，确保党的事业和社会主义现代化强国建设后继有人。牢牢把握教育的政治属性，就要更加突出从国家利益的大政治上看教育，全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，坚持为党育人、为国育才，坚定不移培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。从实践看，尤其是要用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想铸魂育人，全面实施新时代立德树人工程。

Strengthen and improve ideological and political education in schools for the New Era. Comprehensively construct an ideological and political education system that consolidates the foundation and molds the soul, accelerate the building of a curriculum and textbook system with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the core content, promote the integration of the latest achievements of the Party’s innovative theory into textbooks, and advance the integrated reform and innovation of ideological and political courses in universities, middle schools, and primary schools. Create a batch of “grand ideological and political courses” brands, create high-quality textbooks that consolidate the foundation, mold the soul, enlighten wisdom, and enhance intelligence. While teaching ideological and political courses well as the key courses for implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue and nurturing talent, achieve the organic combination of ideological and political courses and curriculum-based ideological and political education, and the collaborative education of moral education disciplines and subject-based moral education. Expand the space and positions for practical education and online education, enhance social coordination capacity, explore an education mechanism that coordinates in-class and out-of-class activities, integrates on-campus and off-campus efforts, and merges online and offline approaches, achieving all-staff education, whole-process education, and all-round education. Integrate the successful cases of the great transformations of the New Era and the principles, theories, and philosophies contained therein into school ideological and political education, enabling students to measure the vast land of the motherland with their steps, discover the Chinese spirit with their eyes, listen to the people’s voices with their ears, and feel the pulse of the times with their hearts, thereby profoundly understanding the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, [3]3 The Two Establishments (两个确立) refers to establishing Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. resolutely achieving the Two Upholds, [4]4 The Two Upholds (两个维护) refers to upholding General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and upholding the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. ensuring that students are always loyal to the Party, the country, the people, and socialism, strengthening their belief in Marxism, their confidence in socialism with Chinese characteristics, and their confidence in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, unswervingly listening to and following the Party, and effectively enhancing the guiding power of ideological and political work.

加强和改进新时代学校思想政治教育。全面构建固本铸魂的思想政治教育体系，加快构建以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为核心内容的课程教材体系，推进党的创新理论最新成果进教材，推进大中小学思政课一体化改革创新。打造一批“大思政课”品牌，打造培根铸魂、启智增慧的高质量教材，在上好思政课这一落实立德树人根本任务关键课程的同时，实现思政课程与课程思政有机结合、德育学科和学科德育协同育人。拓展实践育人和网络育人空间和阵地，提升社会协同力，探索课上课下协同、校内校外一体、线上线下融合的育人机制，实现全员育人、全过程育人、全方位育人。将新时代伟大变革成功案例及其蕴含的道理学理哲理融入学校思想政治教育，让学生用脚步丈量祖国大地、用眼睛发现中国精神、用耳朵倾听人民呼声、用内心感应时代脉搏，从而深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，坚决做到“两个维护”，确保广大学生始终忠于党、忠于国家、忠于人民、忠于社会主义，坚定马克思主义信仰、中国特色社会主义信念、中华民族伟大复兴信心，坚定不移听党话、跟党走，切实提升思政引领力。

Promote the well-rounded development and healthy growth of students in moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education. Adhere to the simultaneous development and integration of the five aspects of education, and improve the education system for the comprehensive cultivation of moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education. Implement the plan for strengthening students’ physical fitness, advance the action of infiltrating aesthetic education in schools, implement the plan for cultivating labor habits, and accelerate the filling of shortcomings in physical, aesthetic, and labor education. Cultivate students’ sense of social responsibility and innovative spirit, enabling students to have responsibility on their shoulders, light in their eyes, love in their hearts, and strength in their steps, enhance students’ hands-on practical ability, ability to solve complex problems, and social adaptability, and promote the in-depth implementation of quality education.

促进学生德智体美劳全面发展、健康成长。坚持五育并举、五育融合，健全德智体美劳全面培养的教育体系。实施学生体质强健计划、推进学校美育浸润行动、实施劳动习惯养成计划，加快补齐体育、美育、劳动教育短板。培养学生社会责任感和创新精神，让学生肩上有责、眼中有光、心中有爱、脚下有力，提升学生动手实践能力、解决复杂问题能力和社会适应能力，推进素质教育深入实施。

Implement the action of casting the soul and strengthening the teaching force with the spirit of the educator. Take strengthening the construction of the teaching force as the most important foundational work for building a strong educational nation, improve the teacher education system with Chinese characteristics, be loyal to the Party’s educational cause, promote the integration of the spirit of the educator into the entire process of teacher training and development, and run through all links of classroom teaching, scientific research, and social practice, build a high-quality professional teaching force, cultivate “four haves” good teachers [5]5 “Double First-Class” initiative: A Chinese national policy launched in 2017 to build world-class universities and world-class disciplines. who have ideals and convictions, moral sentiments, solid knowledge, and benevolence, and be guides for students to temper their character, guides for learning knowledge, guides for innovative thinking, and guides for dedicating themselves to the motherland.

实施教育家精神铸魂强师行动。把加强教师队伍建设作为建设教育强国最重要的基础工作来抓，健全中国特色教师教育体系，忠诚党的教育事业，推动教育家精神融入教师培养培训全过程，贯穿课堂教学、科学研究、社会实践各环节，建设高素质专业化教师队伍，培养有理想信念、有道德情操、有扎实学识、有仁爱之心的“四有”好老师，做学生锤炼品格的引路人、学习知识的引路人、创新思维的引路人、奉献祖国的引路人。

Firmly grasp the people’s attribute of education, adhere to a people-centered approach to developing education.

牢牢把握教育的人民属性，坚持以人民为中心发展教育

Serving the people wholeheartedly is the fundamental purpose of our Party. Adhering to a people-centered approach to developing education manifests our Party’s value pursuit of putting the people first. We call the educational cause “the educational cause of the Party and the people,” call the vast majority of teachers “people’s teachers,” and call the outstanding representatives among teachers “people’s educators” — this is a vivid embodiment of the people’s attribute of education.

全心全意为人民服务，是我们党的根本宗旨。坚持以人民为中心发展教育，彰显了我们党人民至上的价值追求。我们把教育事业称为“党和人民的教育事业”，把广大教师称为“人民教师”，把教师中的杰出代表称为“人民教育家”，就是教育人民属性的生动体现。

In 1950, Comrade Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the inaugural issue of *People’s Education*: “Restoring and developing people’s education is one of the important tasks at present.” Entering the New Era, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Making the common people live a good life is the starting point and落脚点 [6]6 “Fertile Soil Plan” (沃土计划): A Chinese government program to improve science education in primary and secondary schools. of all our work.” “Our people love life and look forward to having a better education… they look forward to their children growing up better, working better, and living better. The people’s aspiration for a better life is our goal of struggle.” These words, spoken by General Secretary Xi Jinping when meeting with Chinese and foreign journalists after

1950年，毛泽东同志在《人民教育》创刊号上题词：“恢复和发展人民教育是当前重要任务之一”。进入新时代，习近平总书记指出：“让老百姓过上好日子是我们一切工作的出发点和落脚点。”“我们的人民热爱生活，期盼有更好的教育……期盼孩子们能成长得更好、工作得更好、生活得更好。人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标。”2012年11月15日，党的十八届一中全会后习近平总书记与中外记者见面时讲的这番话，一口气谈到“两个期盼”“十个更”，排在第一位的都是教育。这体现着习近平总书记真挚深厚的为民情怀，也为我们更加深刻认识教育的人民属性提供根本遵循。

The people-oriented attribute embodies the value pursuit of China’s education. In General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discourses on education, adhering to a people-centered approach in developing education is a concrete manifestation and vivid practice of our Party’s governance for the people in education, and it is also a concrete manifestation of Marxist historical materialism and the mass viewpoint in the field of education. It embodies the unity of purpose, standard, and subject, and the unity of ontology, axiology, and methodology. That is, upholding the principal position of the people, with educational development for the people, educational development relying on the people, and the fruits of educational development shared by the people; that is, adhering to the Party’s mass line, doing everything for the masses, relying on the masses in everything, coming from the masses and going to the masses, turning the Party’s correct propositions into the conscious actions of the masses, and striving to run education that satisfies the people. To firmly grasp the people-oriented attribute of education, it is necessary to more prominently focus on education from the perspective of the major livelihood issues in economic and social development, adhere to a people-centered and people-first approach, and unswervingly promote the fruits of educational reform and development to benefit the broadest masses of the people more and more equitably. From a practical perspective, it is especially necessary to firmly grasp education as the most direct and realistic issue of interest to the people, promote educational equity, take improving quality as an urgent task, move from “having access to schooling” to “receiving a good education,” strive to enhance the people’s sense of educational gain, and effectively improve the capacity to ensure people’s livelihood.

人民属性体现我国教育的价值追求。在习近平总书记关于教育的重要论述中，坚持以人民为中心发展教育是我们党执政为民在教育中的具体体现和生动实践，也是马克思主义唯物史观、群众史观在教育领域的具体体现，体现了目的、标准与主体的统一，体现了本体论、价值论与方法论的统一，即坚持人民主体地位，教育发展为了人民，教育发展依靠人民，教育发展成果由人民共享；即坚持党的群众路线，一切为了群众，一切依靠群众，从群众中来，到群众中去，把党的正确主张变为群众的自觉行动，努力办好人民满意的教育。牢牢把握教育的人民属性，就要更加突出从经济社会发展的大民生上抓教育，坚持以人民为中心、人民至上，坚定不移促进教育改革发展成果更多更公平惠及最广大人民群众。从实践看，尤其是要紧紧抓住教育这一人民群众最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，推进教育公平，把提高质量作为紧迫任务，从“有学上”进而到“上好学”，着力提升老百姓的教育获得感，切实提升民生保障力。

Improve the quality and level of public education services. Improve the mechanism for the coordinated allocation of basic education resources that adapts to population changes, establish a monitoring and early warning system for changes in the school-age population at each stage of basic education, and optimize the layout of primary and secondary schools and kindergartens. Establish a basic education management system that “combines cities and counties,” [5]5 “Double First-Class” initiative: A Chinese national policy launched in 2017 to build world-class universities and world-class disciplines. flexibly open up and use educational resources across different stages according to local conditions, and strengthen cross-stage dynamic adjustments and surplus-deficit allocation. Consolidate the foundation of basic education, deeply implement the project to expand quality and improve basic education, strengthen the standardized construction of compulsory education schools, implement and improve support policies for inclusive private kindergartens, deeply implement the revitalization plan for county-level regular high schools, strengthen education, assistance, and care for special groups, gradually narrow the educational gaps between regions, urban and rural areas, schools, and groups, promote high-quality and inclusive preschool education, high-quality and balanced compulsory education, high-quality and distinctive regular high school education, and high-quality integrated development of special education, form a fair and high-quality basic education system, and enhance the inclusiveness, accessibility, and convenience of public education services. Explore the gradual expansion of the scope of free education, explore the establishment of a number of regular high schools with a focus on science education, and run comprehensive high schools well. Continue to carry out the “group-style” assistance work for educational talents in key counties supported by the national rural revitalization strategy. [6]6 “Fertile Soil Plan” (沃土计划): A Chinese government program to improve science education in primary and secondary schools.

提高教育公共服务质量和水平。健全与人口变化相适应的基础教育资源统筹调配机制，建立基础教育各学段学龄人口变化监测预警制度，优化中小学和幼儿园布局。建立“市县结合”的基础教育管理体制，因地制宜打通使用各学段教育资源，加强跨学段动态调整和余缺调配。夯实基础教育基点，深入实施基础教育扩优提质工程，加强义务教育学校标准化建设，落实和完善普惠性民办幼儿园扶持政策，深入实施县域普通高中振兴计划，加强特殊群体教育、帮扶和关爱，逐步缩小区域、城乡、校际、群体教育差距，促进学前教育优质普惠、义务教育优质均衡、普通高中优质特色、特殊教育优质融合发展，形成公平优质的基础教育体系，提升教育公共服务普惠性、可及性和便捷性。探索逐步扩大免费教育范围，探索设立一批以科学教育为特色的普通高中，办好综合高中。持续做好国家乡村振兴重点帮扶县教育人才“组团式”帮扶工作。

Provide suitable education for every child. There are no two identical leaves in the world. While striving to build an education system that comprehensively cultivates moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education, efforts should be made to form a new system, mechanism, and model for talent cultivation that is learner-centered and supports personalized and creative learning. Basic education should not only consolidate students’ knowledge foundation but also stimulate their interest in advocating science and exploring the unknown, cultivating their exploratory and innovative thinking qualities. A scientific view of talent, view of success, and view of education should be established throughout society, the utilitarian tendency in education should be accelerated to be reversed, the “double reduction” [7]7 “Standout Plan” (脱颖计划): A Chinese government program to identify and nurture high school students with exceptional innovative potential. and the improvement of education and teaching quality should be promoted in a coordinated manner, and a healthy educational environment and ecosystem should be formed. With the reform of educational evaluation as the driving force, the baton should be pointed towards quality education, and the reform of education methods, school-running models, management systems, and guarantee mechanisms should be promoted in a coordinated manner, forming an “overpass” for talent growth.

为每个孩子提供适合的教育。世界上没有两片完全相同的树叶，在着力构建德智体美劳全面培养教育体系的同时，要努力形成以学习者为中心、支撑个性化和创造性学习的人才培养新体制新机制新模式。基础教育既要夯实学生的知识基础，也要激发学生崇尚科学、探索未知的兴趣，培养其探索性、创新性思维品质。要在全社会树立科学的人才观、成才观、教育观，加快扭转教育功利化倾向，统筹推进“双减”和教育教学质量提升，形成健康的教育环境和生态。要以教育评价改革为牵引，让指挥棒指向素质教育，并统筹推进育人方式、办学模式、管理体制、保障机制改革，形成人才成长的“立交桥”。

Build a learning society. Establish a lifelong learning system based on a qualifications framework, with a credit bank as the platform and learning outcome certification as the key, form a ubiquitous and accessible lifelong education system, and improve the public service level of lifelong learning. Strengthen the sharing of educational resources and the construction of public service platforms, build learning cities and learning communities, establish a national digital university and a national university for the elderly well, and build a learning society where everyone can learn, everywhere can learn, and at any time can learn.

建设学习型社会。构建以资历框架为基础、以学分银行为平台、以学习成果认证为重点的终身学习制度，形成泛在可及的终身教育体系，提升终身学习公共服务水平。加强教育资源共享和公共服务平台建设，建设学习型城市、学习型社区，建好国家数字大学、国家老年大学，建设人人皆学、处处能学、时时可学的学习型社会。

Firmly grasp the strategic attribute of education to support and lead Chinese-path modernization

牢牢把握教育的战略属性，支撑引领中国式现代化

Education is an important cornerstone of national rejuvenation and social progress, and is an undertaking of decisive significance for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. From the historical perspective of the rise and replacement of world powers, since the 16th century, the world has successively formed five scientific and talent centers in Italy, Britain, France, Germany, and the United States. Education is inherently consistent with this, increasingly becoming the “code” for national strength and the most precious asset.

教育是民族振兴、社会进步的重要基石，是对中华民族伟大复兴具有决定性意义的事业。从世界强国兴起更替历史看，16世纪以来，全球先后形成意大利、英国、法国、德国和美国5个科学和人才中心，教育与之具有内在一致性，越来越成为国家强盛的“密码”和最为宝贵的财富。

Our Party has always attached great importance to the strategic attribute and strategic position of education. At the 1985 National Conference on Education Work, Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: “Leaders who neglect education are leaders lacking foresight and maturity, and they cannot lead modernization. Leaders at all levels should grasp education work as well as they grasp economic work.” In 1995, China first proposed implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education; in 2002, it first proposed implementing the strategy of strengthening the country through talent; in 2012, the report of the 18th National Congress of the CPC first proposed implementing the innovation-driven development strategy; in 2022, the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC for the first time made unified arrangements for education, science and technology, and talent as a trinity; in 2023, when presiding over the fifth collective study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee, General

我们党历来高度重视教育的战略属性和战略地位。在1985年全国教育工作会议上，邓小平同志就指出：“忽视教育的领导者，是缺乏远见的、不成熟的领导者，就领导不了现代化建设。各级领导要像抓好经济工作那样抓好教育工作。”1995年，我国首次提出实施科教兴国战略；2002年，首次提出实施人才强国战略；2012年，党的十八大报告首次提出实施创新驱动发展战略；2022年，党的二十大报告首次将教育科技人才三位一体统筹安排部署；2023年，习近平总书记在主持二十届中共中央政治局第五次集体学习时强调，“建设教育强国，是全面建成社会主义现代化强国的战略先导，是实现高水平科技自立自强的重要支撑，是促进全体人民共同富裕的有效途径，是以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的基础工程”；2024年，党的二十届三中全会进一步强调“统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革”。

The strategic attribute reflects the foundational status of China’s education. In Xi Jinping’s important discourses on education, the insistence on prioritizing the development of education and on making serving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation a key mission of education centrally embody the strategic attribute of education. To firmly grasp the strategic attribute of education, it is necessary to run education from the broader strategy of advancing education, science and technology, and human resources as an integrated whole, to adhere to strategic leadership and support for development, and to unswervingly serve the building of a modern socialist power. From a practical perspective, this especially means looking at education beyond education itself, basing it on the overall situation, and focusing on the long term; insisting on the priority development of education; taking the building of a strong educational country as the pioneering task, solid foundation, and strategic support for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation; and planning and developing education from a strategic overall perspective to enhance the talent competitiveness, scientific and technological support capacity, and international influence of China’s education.

战略属性体现我国教育的基础地位。在习近平总书记关于教育的重要论述中，坚持优先发展教育事业、坚持把服务中华民族伟大复兴作为教育的重要使命等，集中体现着教育的战略属性。牢牢把握教育的战略属性，就要更加突出从教育科技人才一体推进的大战略上办教育，坚持战略引领、支撑发展，坚定不移服务社会主义现代化强国建设。从实践看，尤其是要跳出教育看教育、立足全局看教育、着眼长远看教育，坚持教育优先发展，将建设教育强国作为全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的先导任务、坚实基础和战略支撑，从战略全局谋划和发展教育，提升我国教育的人才竞争力、科技支撑力和国际影响力。

Forge strategic leading forces. Implement comprehensive pilot reforms in higher education, and, in accordance with basic school-running orientations such as research-oriented, application-oriented, and skills-oriented, distinguish between comprehensive and specialized basic directions, promote the reform and development of universities by category, guide universities to leverage their strengths and develop distinctive features in different fields and on different tracks, and comprehensively build a self-reliant and excellent higher education system. Accelerate the building of world-class universities and advantageous disciplines with Chinese characteristics, appropriately expand the scope of the “Double First-Class” initiative [5]5 “Double First-Class” initiative: A Chinese national policy launched in 2017 to build world-class universities and world-class disciplines. focusing on advantageous disciplines, and establish a discipline adjustment mechanism and talent cultivation model driven by scientific and technological development and national strategic needs. Deepen the reform of doctoral education and build a globally influential doctoral education system.

打造战略引领力量。实施高等教育综合改革试点，按照研究型、应用型、技能型等基本办学定位，区分综合性、特色化基本方向，分类推进高校改革发展，引导高校在不同领域不同赛道发挥优势、办出特色，全面构建自强卓越的高等教育体系。加快建设中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科，聚焦优势学科适度扩大“双一流”建设范围，建立科技发展、国家战略需求牵引的学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式。深化博士研究生教育改革，打造具有全球影响力的博士研究生教育。

Cultivate and strengthen national strategic scientific and technological forces. Leverage the unique advantage of universities as the junction point of education, science and technology, and human resources, and deepen the integrated reform of the systems and mechanisms for education, science and technology, and human resources. Strengthen the role of high-level research universities as the main force in national basic research and the source of major scientific and technological breakthroughs, and increase the organizational level of basic research. Implement a breakthrough plan for basic disciplines and interdisciplinary fields, comprehensively build an innovation-driven scientific and technological support system, focus on improving basic research and original innovation capabilities, continuously produce major original and disruptive scientific and technological achievements, contribute to tackling key core technologies, and effectively support high-quality development and high-level security. Use major tasks to lead new directions in discipline development and new models of talent cultivation, and establish an effective mechanism where scientific and technological innovation and talent cultivation support each other and drive the high-quality development of disciplines.

培育壮大国家战略科技力量。发挥高校教育科技人才结合点的独特优势，深化教育科技人才体制机制一体改革。强化高水平研究型大学国家基础研究主力军和重大科技突破策源地作用，提高基础研究组织化程度。实施基础学科和交叉学科突破计划，全面构建创新牵引的科技支撑体系，在提升基础研究和原始创新能力上下功夫，持续产出重大原创性、颠覆性科技成果，在关键核心技术攻关上作贡献，有力支撑高质量发展和高水平安全。以大任务引领学科发展新方向、人才培养新模式，建立科技创新与人才培养相互支撑、带动学科高质量发展的有效机制。

Cultivate talents at all levels and of all types. Implement the “Fertile Soil Plan” [6]6 “Fertile Soil Plan” (沃土计划): A Chinese government program to improve science education in primary and secondary schools. for cultivating scientific literacy among primary and secondary school students, and implement the “Standout Plan” [7]7 “Standout Plan” (脱颖计划): A Chinese government program to identify and nurture high school students with exceptional innovative potential. for high school students with innovative potential. Improve the mechanism for matching talent cultivation with the needs of economic and social development, and enhance the quality and effectiveness of independent talent cultivation. Strive to build strong independent talent cultivation capabilities, and cultivate and strengthen the national strategic talent force. Adhere to the integration of vocational and general education, the integration of industry and education, and the integration of science and education; innovate new models of talent cultivation; and cultivate and produce more masters, strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovation teams, young scientific and technological talents, outstanding engineers, master craftsmen, and highly skilled talents. Optimize the policy environment for talent growth, and form a good ecosystem where everyone can become a talent and everyone can fully display their talents.

培养各级各类人才。面向中小学生实施科学素养培育“沃土计划”，面向具有创新潜质的高中学生实施“脱颖计划”。完善人才培养与经济社会发展需要适配机制，提高人才自主培养质效。致力于塑造强大的人才自主培养能力，培养壮大国家战略人才力量。坚持职普融通、产教融合、科教融汇，创新人才培养新模式，培养造就更多大师、战略科学家、一流科技领军人才和创新团队、青年科技人才、卓越工程师、大国工匠、高技能人才。优化人才成长政策环境，形成人人皆可成才、人人尽展其才的良好生态。

Build an important education center. Deepen the opening up of education to the outside world, coordinate “bringing in” and “going global,” comprehensively build an international cooperation system based on openness and mutual learning, and build an important education center with global influence. Strengthen the brand and capacity building of “Study in China,” enhance the ability to cultivate and gather global talent, expand international academic exchanges and educational and scientific research cooperation, actively participate in global education governance, and contribute Chinese wisdom, Chinese solutions, and Chinese strength to the development of global education. Expand educational and cultural exchanges between Chinese and foreign youth, promote people-to-people connectivity and mutual learning among civilizations, and serve to promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.

建设重要教育中心。深入推进教育对外开放，统筹“引进来”和“走出去”，全面构建开放互鉴的国际合作体系，建设具有全球影响力的重要教育中心。加强“留学中国”品牌和能力建设，提升全球人才培养和集聚能力，扩大国际学术交流和教育科研合作，积极参与全球教育治理，为全球教育事业发展贡献中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量。扩大中外青少年教育人文交流，促进民心相通、文明互鉴，服务推动构建人类命运共同体。

On the new journey, we must adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement Xi Jinping’s important discourses on education, uphold the Party’s overall leadership over education, firmly grasp the “three major attributes,” keep in mind the “great affairs of the state,” [8]8 “Great affairs of the state” (国之大者): A Party idiom referring to the most fundamental and strategic matters concerning the nation’s overall interests. solidly implement the “Outline,” [9]9 “Outline”: Likely refers to the “Outline for Building a Strong Educational Country” (教育强国建设规划纲要), a key policy document. and carry out the implementation with the spirit of driving a nail. With the strategic vision of nurturing talent for a century and the striving posture of a hundred boats competing, we must embody the fundamental requirements of the “three major attributes” in the process of enhancing the “six major characteristics” [10]10 “Six major characteristics”: Refers to six key attributes of a strong educational system, as defined in Chinese education policy discourse. and comprehensively building the “eight major systems,” [11]11 “Eight major systems”: Refers to eight interconnected subsystems of the education system, as defined in Chinese education policy discourse. transforming them into vivid practices of accelerating the high-quality development of education and accelerating the building of a strong educational country.

新征程上，我们要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻习近平总书记关于教育的重要论述，坚持党对教育工作的全面领导，牢牢坚持“三大属性”，胸怀“国之大者”，扎实实施《纲要》，以钉钉子精神抓好落实，以百年树人的战略眼光、百舸争流的奋斗姿态，将“三大属性”的根本要求体现到提升“六大特质”、全面构建“八大体系”的过程中，转化为加快推进教育高质量发展、加快建设教育强国的生动实践。

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心