Xi Jinping Thought on Culture Guides the Chinese Practice of Building a Socialist Cultural Power

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping has focused on socialist cultural development, producing a series of important expositions that organically unify the two strategic goals of building a socialist cultural power and realizing socialist modernization, leading and promoting historic achievements in socialist cultural undertakings. Striving on the new journey, we are at a critical period of comprehensively advancing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation through Chinese-path modernization. The innovative development of further deepening reform comprehensively must move in the same direction and resonate at the same frequency as the unremitting struggle to anchor the strategic goal of building a socialist cultural power. The prosperity of a country and a nation cannot be separated from the nourishment and cultivation of culture. Realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation requires the development and flourishing of Chinese culture as a condition. The flourishing development of cultural undertakings calls for the innovative breakthrough of cultural thought. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture was conceived and born in the innovative practice of the New Era. It is precisely a response to the demands of cultural flourishing and development, and a powerful ideological weapon guiding the building of a socialist cultural power.

党的十八大以来，习近平聚焦社会主义文化建设作出一系列重要论述，将建成社会主义文化强国与实现社会主义现代化的两个战略目标有机地统一起来，领导和推动社会主义文化事业取得了历史性成就。奋斗新征程，我们正处在以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期，进一步全面深化改革的创新发展要与锚定建成社会主义文化强国战略目标的不懈奋斗相向而行、同频共振。一个国家、一个民族的繁盛离不开文化的浸润滋养，实现中华民族伟大复兴需要以中华文化发展繁荣为条件，文化事业的繁荣发展呼唤文化思想的创新突破。习近平文化思想在新时代创新实践中孕育诞生，正是回应文化繁荣发展的要求，是指导建成社会主义文化强国的强大思想武器。

I. The Distinctive Advantages of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture in Guiding the Building of a Socialist Cultural Power

一、习近平文化思想指导建成社会主义文化强国的显著优势

The series of new ideas, new viewpoints, and new assertions put forward by Xi Jinping Thought on Culture enrich and develop Marxist cultural theory. With scientific content forming a complete system, incisive ideas forming profound theory, and clear direction forming distinct goals, it systematically answers a series of major questions concerning China's socialist cultural development, erects a theoretical monument in the history of Marxist cultural development, and demonstrates distinctive advantages in guiding the building of a socialist cultural power.

习近平文化思想提出的一系列新思想新观点新论断，丰富和发展了马克思主义文化理论，以科学的内容形成完整体系、以精辟的思想形成深邃理论、以鲜明的指向形成清晰目标，系统回答了中国社会主义文化建设的一系列重大问题，在马克思主义文化发展史上树立了一座理论丰碑，彰显出指导建成社会主义文化强国的显著优势。

1. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture emphasizes upholding the Party's cultural leadership, providing fundamental assurance for building a socialist cultural power. Upholding the Party's cultural leadership is an important viewpoint of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, concerning the fundamental issues of what banner cultural undertakings hold, what path they take, and in what direction they develop. Upholding the Party's leadership is a valuable experience accumulated through history. The continuous progress of cultural undertakings with the development of the times is inseparable from the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Entering the New Era, the Party Central Committee has incorporated cultural leadership into the national governance system for emphasis, aiming to ensure that the direction of cultural development is consistent with the national development strategy. Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the Forum on Literature and Art Work: "The Party's leadership is the fundamental guarantee for the development of socialist literature and art." [1]1 "To be extensive and yet to grasp the subtle" (致广大而尽精微) is a classical Chinese expression from the *Doctrine of the Mean* (《中庸》), emphasizing the need to encompass broad scope while attending to the finest details. (P27) It is necessary to guide the development of literature and art to adapt to the Party's leadership, correctly handle the relationship between the Party's leadership and the development of literature and art, and grasp the relationship between Party spirit and people-centeredness, as well as the relationship between political stance and cultural principles. Xi Jinping's important expositions provide a clear answer to why the Party must uphold its cultural leadership and how to uphold it. The cultural power we aim to build must clearly define its prefix as "socialist"; the essence of a socialist cultural power lies in the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Adhering to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture and promoting the flourishing development of socialist culture requires implementing the upholding of the Party's cultural leadership in all aspects of cultural work, providing fundamental assurance for adhering to the correct direction in the practice of building a socialist cultural power.

1. 习近平文化思想强调坚持党的文化领导权，为建成社会主义文化强国提供了根本保证。坚持党的文化领导权是习近平文化思想的重要观点，事关文化事业举什么旗、走什么路、朝着什么方向发展的根本性问题。坚持党的领导是历史积累的宝贵经验，文化事业跟随时代发展不断进步，离不开中国共产党的领导。进入新时代，党中央将文化领导权纳入国家治理体系中加以强调，旨在确保文化建设方向与国家发展战略相一致。习近平在文艺发展座谈会上的讲话指出：“党的领导是社会主义文艺发展的根本保证。”[1]（P27）要引导文艺发展与党的领导相适应，正确处理党的领导和文艺发展的关系，把握党性和人民性的关系、政治立场和文化原则的关系。习近平的重要论述，对党为什么要坚持党的文化领导权以及怎样坚持党的文化领导权作出了明确的回答。我们要建成的文化强国必须明确其前置词是“社会主义”，社会主义文化强国的本质就在于的中国共产党领导。坚持以习近平文化思想为指引，推动社会主义文化繁荣发展，必须把坚持党的文化领导权贯彻落实到文化工作的各个方面，为建成社会主义文化强国的实践中坚持正确方向提供根本保证。

2. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture reveals the cultural mission of the New Era, clarifying the goal of struggle for building a socialist cultural power. From proposing "building a cultural power" to locking in the strategic goal of "building a cultural power," this reflects the Party's grasp of the law of transition from quantitative accumulation to qualitative breakthrough in leading the development of cultural undertakings. The cultural mission of the New Era takes promoting the flourishing and prosperity of socialist culture and building a socialist cultural power as its connotation. The two are internally related and mutually reinforcing, forming the "dual-wheel drive" of the development of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. Promoting the flourishing and prosperity of socialist culture is the foundational work for building a socialist cultural power; the latter is based on the former; the latter is the goal pursuit of the former. From the perspective of goal orientation, promoting the flourishing of socialist culture puts forward specific requirements for building a socialist cultural power based on the level of the Party's undertakings, providing content support, innovation impetus, and social foundation for the latter; building a socialist cultural power puts forward the goal of struggle for promoting the flourishing of socialist culture based on the level of national construction, pointing out the direction, providing guarantees, and expanding space for the development of the former. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture reveals the cultural mission of the New Era, embedding the requirements for building a socialist cultural power and promoting socialist cultural prosperity into the goal of struggle for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. With deeper cultural connotations and broader civilizational dimensions, it guides the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to strive diligently and advance courageously on the journey to realize the great Chinese Dream.

2. 习近平文化思想揭示新时代的文化使命，为建成社会主义文化强国明确了奋斗目标。从提出“建设文化强国”到锁定“建成文化强国”的战略目标，反映了党在领导文化事业发展中对量变积累到质变突破的规律把握。新时代的文化使命以推动社会主义文化繁荣兴盛、建设社会主义文化强国为内涵，二者内在关联、相辅相成，是中国特色社会主义文化发展的“双轮驱动”。推动社会主义文化繁荣兴盛是建设社会主义文化强国的基础性工作，后者以前者为基础；后者是前者的目标追求。从目标指向来看，推动社会主义文化繁荣是基于党的事业层面提出建成社会主义文化强国的具体要求，为后者提供内容支撑、创新动力和社会基础；建设社会主义文化强国是基于国家建设层面提出推动社会主义文化繁荣的奋斗目标，为后者发展指明方向、提供保障并拓展空间。习近平文化思想揭示新时代的文化使命，把社会主义文化繁荣、社会主义文化强国的建设要求嵌入中华民族伟大复兴的奋斗目标之中，以更为深刻的文化内涵和更为宽广的文明维度，指导全党全国各族人民在实现伟大中国梦的征程上砥砺奋斗、勇往直前。

3. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture requires firm cultural confidence, gathering spiritual strength for building a socialist cultural power. Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the Symposium on Cultural Heritage and Development: "Firm cultural confidence means insisting on taking our own path." [2]2 The “seven focal efforts” (七个着力) refers to seven key tasks in propaganda, ideology, and cultural work outlined by Xi Jinping in 2023, including strengthening the Party’s leadership over propaganda and cultural work, building a socialist core value system, and enhancing international communication capabilities. (P10) The cultural power we aim to build is a Chinese path that has unique Chinese characteristics and can provide wisdom and inspiration for the healthy development of world civilization. Cultural confidence is the powerful spiritual strength that leads us to this strategic goal. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture creatively puts forward the concept of "the subjectivity of Chinese culture," profoundly elucidating the source of strength that enables Chinese culture to maintain its independence and autonomy in historical evolution and modern development. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters the New Era, we have more confidence in our culture than in any previous historical period. An important source of this is the continuous consolidation and development of the subjectivity of Chinese culture. Excellent traditional Chinese culture, revolutionary culture, and advanced socialist culture not only constitute the national genes of the Chinese people, profoundly influencing the thoughts, concepts, and behavioral patterns of the Chinese sons and daughters, but also exert a far-reaching influence on human civilization with their rich philosophical ideas, possessing value attributes suitable for contemporary cultural development and meeting the needs of modern society. "With cultural subjectivity, there is a firm self in the cultural sense, cultural confidence has a fundamental support, the Communist Party of China has a powerful cultural force to lead the times, the Chinese nation and the Chinese people have a solid cultural foundation for national identity, and Chinese civilization has distinct cultural characteristics for exchange and mutual learning with other world civilizations." [3] (P9) Xi Jinping Thought on Culture requires firm cultural confidence, inspiring the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to exert historical initiative, gathering a mighty spiritual force for building a socialist cultural power.

3. 习近平文化思想要求坚定文化自信，为建成社会主义文化强国汇聚了精神力量。习近平在文化传承发展座谈会上的讲话中指出：“坚定文化自信，就是坚持走自己的路。”[2]（P10）我们要建成的文化强国，是一条独具中国特色又能够为世界文明健康发展提供智慧启迪的中国道路，文化自信是我们通向这一战略目标的强大精神力量。习近平文化思想创造性地提出了“中华文化主体性”的概念，深刻阐明了中华文化在历史演进和现代发展中能够始终保持独立性和自主性的力量来源。中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我们比以往任何一个历史时期都更有文化自信的底气，其重要来源就是不断巩固和发展中华文化的主体性。中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化不仅构造起中国人民的民族基因，深刻影响了中华儿女的思想观念和行为方式，而且以丰富的哲理思想对人类文明产生深远影响，具有适应当代文化发展和满足现代社会需要的价值属性。“有了文化主体性，就有了文化意义上坚定的自我，文化自信就有了根本依托，中国共产党就有了引领时代的强大文化力量，中华民族和中国人民就有了国家认同的坚实文化基础，中华文明就有了和世界其他文明交流互鉴的鲜明文化特性。”[3]（P9）习近平文化思想要求坚定文化自信，激励全党全国各族人民发挥历史主动精神，为建成社会主义文化强国汇聚了磅礴精神力量。

II. The Principles to Follow Under the Guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture in Building a Socialist Cultural Power

二、习近平文化思想指导建成社会主义文化强国的原则遵循

"To be extensive and yet to grasp the subtle" [n]; the more complex and diverse the systematic work, the more precise practical guidance is needed. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture comprehensively elaborates the principles and guidelines for cultural construction in the New Era, becoming the action program for advancing the construction of a cultural power in the new era.

“致广大而尽精微”，越是复杂多元的系统工作，越需要精准的实践指导。习近平文化思想全面阐述了新时代文化建设的方针原则，成为新时代推进文化强国建设的行动纲领。

1. Uphold the “Two Integrations” and keep to the correct path for building a socialist cultural power. On 1 July 2021, Xi Jinping stressed at the celebration of the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China that it is necessary to “uphold the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with the best of traditional Chinese culture.” This is a major achievement of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in promoting theoretical innovation and theoretical creation in the New Era, and it embodies the scientific worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. To clarify, from the perspective of reasoning, theory and philosophy, why the basic tenets of Marxism must be integrated with China’s specific practice and the best of traditional Chinese culture, what mechanism such integration presents, and how to achieve organic integration, has always been the key to doing a good job of the great article of “integration.” Whether the “integration” can be upheld, whether it is correctly carried out, and whether it produces effective results are extremely important to the development of the Party’s cause. Based on the empirical understanding gained from long-term revolutionary and construction practice, the in-depth development of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times has put forward a new requirement: that the integration of the basic tenets of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture should produce a “chemical reaction.” The “Two Integrations” [1]1 "To be extensive and yet to grasp the subtle" (致广大而尽精微) is a classical Chinese expression from the *Doctrine of the Mean* (《中庸》), emphasizing the need to encompass broad scope while attending to the finest details. are the action guidelines that govern contemporary Chinese practice, including the building of a socialist culture. They answer the question of the principle that the Communist Party of China must follow in upholding the guidance of Marxism, indicating that the development of the Party’s cultural cause must both adhere to the guidance of Marxism and draw on the intellectual resources of the best of traditional Chinese culture. Only by taking the “Two Integrations” as the theoretical guide and exploring the practical path of socialism with Chinese characteristics on the deep foundation of more than 5,000 years of Chinese civilization can the theoretical power generated by integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with the best of traditional Chinese culture be transformed into the practical momentum for building a socialist cultural power.

1. 坚持“两个结合”，把准建成社会主义文化强国的正确道路。2021年7月1日，习近平在庆祝中国共产党成立100周年大会上强调要“坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合”。这是新时代以习近平同志为核心的党中央推动理论创新、进行理论创造的重大成果，体现了习近平文化思想科学的世界观和方法论。从道理学理哲理上讲清楚马克思主义基本原理与中国具体实践、中华优秀传统文化为什么必须结合、结合呈现怎样的机理、如何实现有机结合，始终是做好“结合”这篇大文章的关键。能不能坚持“结合”、是否正确“结合”以及有没有产生“结合”效能，对党的事业发展极其重要。基于长期的革命和建设实践发展的经验认知，马克思主义中国化时代化的深入发展提出了使马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化形成两者结合产生“化学反应”的新要求。“两个结合”是指导包含社会主义文化建设在内的当代中国实践的行动准则，回答了中国共产党坚持以马克思主义为指导的原则遵循问题，表明党的文化事业发展既要坚持马克思主义的指导，又要汲取中华优秀传统文化的思想资源。以“两个结合”为理论指引，在五千多年中华文明的深厚基础上探索中国特色社会主义的实践路径，才能将坚持马克思主义基本原理同中华优秀传统文化相结合产生的理论力量转化为建成社会主义文化强国的实践动能。

2. Uphold the principle of “creative transformation and innovative development” and open up the modern path for building a socialist cultural power. The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC pointed out: “We should serve the people and serve socialism, follow the policy of letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend, and apply the principle of creative transformation and innovative development to the fine traditional Chinese culture, so as to make it compatible with the core socialist values. We will develop an advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, and carry forward the fine traditional Chinese culture. We will meet the people’s ever-growing intellectual and cultural needs, consolidate the common ideological foundation that underpins the unity and hard work of the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China, and continuously enhance the country’s cultural soft power and the appeal of Chinese culture.” [2]2 The “seven focal efforts” (七个着力) refers to seven key tasks in propaganda, ideology, and cultural work outlined by Xi Jinping in 2023, including strengthening the Party’s leadership over propaganda and cultural work, building a socialist core value system, and enhancing international communication capabilities. Placing “creative transformation and innovative development” alongside “letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend” and “serving the people and serving socialism” constitutes a cultural construction strategy that integrates direction, policy and principle, and serves as the practical guideline for developing an advanced socialist culture. Functionally, the proposal of creative transformation requires efforts to realize the re-creation of the best of traditional Chinese culture in line with the trends of contemporary development; the proposal of innovative development requires efforts to promote the re-innovation of the best of traditional Chinese culture to suit the requirements of contemporary Chinese construction. The principle of “creative transformation and innovative development” embodies the idea that national and ethnic progress is fundamentally based on cultural inheritance and development, and regards promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of the best of traditional Chinese culture as the best way to inherit history and tradition. Building a socialist cultural power is a long and arduous task. It is necessary to adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture, take “creative transformation and innovative development” as the principle, draw spiritual nourishment from the best of traditional Chinese culture, open up a new era through innovation and creation, uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, and carry forward the cause into the future. Only then can the modern path for building a socialist cultural power be opened up.

2. 坚持“两创”原则，开辟建成社会主义文化强国的现代道路。党的二十大报告指出：“坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务，坚持百花齐放、百家争鸣，坚持创造性转化、创新性发展，以社会主义核心价值观为引领，发展社会主义先进文化，弘扬革命文化，传承中华优秀传统文化，满足人民日益增长的精神文化需求，巩固全党全国各族人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础，不断提升国家文化软实力和中华文化影响力。”将“两创”与“双百”“二为”并列，构成方针、方向和原则于一体的文化建设方略，是指导发展社会主义先进文化的实践遵循。从功能上看，提出创造性转化，要求着力实现中华优秀传统文化顺应当今时代发展潮流的再创造；提出创新性发展，要求着力促进中华优秀传统文化适合当今中国建设要求的再创新。“两创”原则体现国家和民族进步以文化传承和发展为根本的思想，把推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化和创新性发展作为对历史和传统最好的继承。建成社会主义文化强国任重而道远，要坚持以习近平文化思想为指导，以“两创”为原则，从中华优秀传统文化中汲取精神滋养，在创新创造中开辟时代新局面，守正创新，继往开来，才能开辟建成社会主义文化强国的现代道路。

3. Uphold the people-centered stance and forge a Chinese path for building a socialist cultural power. The fundamental purpose of the Communist Party of China—to serve the people wholeheartedly—determines that the Party’s leadership in building a socialist cultural power always places the people’s interests first. Embodying the Party’s fundamental purpose in its cultural outlook, implementing the people-centered development philosophy in cultural construction, and taking meeting the people’s spiritual and cultural needs as the starting point and ultimate goal of cultural work have become the distinctive conceptual expression of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must always insist that cultural construction focuses on people and lands on people” [4], [3] clarifying the people-centered work orientation of the socialist cultural cause. The fundamental purpose of building a socialist cultural power is to continuously enhance the people’s cultural sense of gain and happiness by improving the country’s soft power, thereby fulfilling the ruling goal of creating a better life for the people. This is highly consistent with the people-centered stance of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. To uphold culture serving socialism and serving the people, it is necessary to correct ideological understanding and take the people’s evaluation as the highest criterion for judging the pros and cons, gains and losses in socialist cultural construction; it is necessary to start from meeting the people’s spiritual and cultural needs and ensure that the fruits of cultural construction are shared by the broad masses of the people; it is necessary to correct the value orientation of literary and artistic creation, continuously improve the quality of cultural products, strengthen the construction of public cultural facilities, create a good cultural atmosphere, and promote the continuous improvement of the people’s spiritual and cultural life. Xi Jinping Thought on Culture upholds the people-centered stance and has forged a Chinese path for building a socialist cultural power.

3. 坚持人民立场，走出建成社会主义文化强国的中国道路。中国共产党全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨，决定了党领导建设社会主义文化强国始终将人民利益放在首位。从文化观上体现党的根本宗旨，在文化建设中贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想，把满足人民群众的精神文化需求作为文化工作的出发点和落脚点，成为习近平文化思想鲜明的理念表达。习近平强调：“要始终坚持文化建设着眼于人、落脚于人”[4]，阐明了社会主义文化事业以人民为中心的工作导向。建成社会文化强国的根本目的是通过不断提升国家软实力来提升人民群众的文化获得感和幸福感，落实为人民创造更加美好生活的执政目标，与习近平文化思想的人民立场高度契合。坚持文化为社会主义服务、为人民服务，必须端正思想认识，将人民评价作为社会主义文化建设中利弊得失的最高评价标准；必须从满足人民群众的精神文化需求出发，使文化建设成果由广大人民群众共享；必须端正文艺创作的价值取向，不断提高文化产品质量，加强公共文化设施建设，营造良好的文化氛围，推动人民精神文化生活不断迈上新台阶。习近平文化思想坚持人民立场，走出了一条建成社会主义文化强国的中国道路。

III. The Realistic Approach of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture in Guiding the Building of a Socialist Cultural Power

三、习近平文化思想指导建成社会主义文化强国的现实进路

The “Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese-Style Modernization” (hereinafter referred to as the “Resolution”) adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China [5] comprehensively deploys the strategic tasks for the development of all aspects of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. As one of the strategic deployments of the “seven focal points,” [6] Xi Jinping Thought on Culture is fully reflected in the plenary session’s proposal to “focus on building a socialist cultural power.” Taking the opportunity to implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, and closely focusing on the strategic goal of building a cultural power to complete all tasks well, is the practical task of adhering to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture in Chinese practice.

党的二十届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》（以下简称《决定》），全面部署了中国特色社会主义事业发展各方面的战略任务。作为“七个聚焦”战略部署之一，习近平文化思想在全会提出的“聚焦建设社会主义文化强国”得到充分体现。以贯彻落实党的二十届三中全会精神为契机，紧紧围绕建成文化强国的战略目标把各项任务完成好，是坚持以习近平文化思想指导中国实践的现实任务。

1. Improve the responsibility system for ideological work. Placing the improvement of the responsibility system for ideological work at the forefront of the task deployment for focusing on building a socialist cultural power reflects the practical requirement of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture to uphold the Party’s cultural leadership. The most fundamental requirement for upholding the Party’s leadership over cultural construction is to uphold the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological sphere. In reality, some people advocate for the “de-ideologization” of cultural development, arguing that cultural creation should maintain neutrality, freedom and independence, thereby severing the relationship between cultural construction and ideology. This erroneous view will shake, weaken and resist the Party’s leadership over cultural work and must be res

1. 完善意识形态工作责任制。把完善意识形态工作责任制摆在聚焦建设社会主义文化强国任务部署的首位，体现习近平文化思想坚持党的文化领导权的现实要求。坚持党对文化建设的领导最根本的要求就是坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位。现实中，一些人鼓吹文化发展“去意识形态化”，渲染文化创作应该保持中立性、自由性、独立性，割裂文化建设与意识形态的关系，这种错误观点会动摇、削弱、抵制党对文化工作的领导，必须坚决反对。习近平指出：“意识形态工作是党的一项极端重要的工作。”[5]（P147)“在意识形态斗争上，我们没有任何妥协退让的余地，必须把领导权牢牢掌握在手中，任何时候都不能旁落，否则就要犯无可挽回的历史性错误。”[6]（P10）党的十九届四中全会确立了坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度，锚定建成社会主义文化强国的战略目标必须坚持这项根本制度。以制度保证方向，以方向引领道路，这是建成社会主义文化强国的重要保证。党的二十届三中全会提出完善意识形态工作责任制，并作出一系列部署，这既是坚持党的文化领导权的重要任务，也是锚定建成社会主义文化强国战略目标的重大举措。

2. Optimizing the supply mechanism for cultural services and cultural products. Building a socialist cultural power, as a major national strategy, must resolve the fundamental question of whom culture serves and who enjoys cultural products. A series of important speeches by Xi Jinping on socialist cultural construction have given a clear answer to this fundamental question. Xi Jinping pointed out: “Being people-centered means taking the satisfaction of the people’s spiritual and cultural needs as the starting point and落脚点 [n] of literature, art, and literary and artistic work; taking the people as the main body of literary and artistic expression; taking the people as the connoisseurs and judges of literary and artistic aesthetics; and taking serving the people as the bounden duty of literary and artistic workers.” [7] (pp. 288-289) The Party Central Committee emphasizes that the relationship between social效益 [n] and economic效益 in cultural construction must be correctly handled, with social效益 placed first; this is to emphasize that the service object of culture is the people, and that cultural products are supplied to the people. The strategic goal of building a socialist cultural power is, in the final analysis, to meet the people’s growing spiritual and cultural needs. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee, guided by the people-centered stance of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Culture, focuses on institutionally ensuring the high-quality development of the supply of cultural services and cultural products. Examples include establishing a mechanism for high-quality cultural resources to reach the grassroots directly, improving the mechanism for social forces to participate in public cultural services, improving the working mechanisms for the service, guidance, and organization of literary and artistic creation and production, deepening the comprehensive governance of the cultural and entertainment sector, and constructing a system of Chinese civilization symbols. These specific tasks have broad coverage, strong targeting, clear requirements, and pragmatic measures, providing practical guidance for building a cultural power.

2. 优化文化服务和文化产品供给机制。建成社会主义文化强国作为国家发展的重大战略，必须解决文化为谁服务、文化产品由谁享受这个根本性的问题。习近平关于社会主义文化建设的一系列重要讲话，对这个根本问题作出了明确回答。习近平指出：“以人民为中心，就是要把满足人民精神文化需求作为文艺和文艺工作的出发点和落脚点，把人民作为文艺表现的主体，把人民作为文艺审美的鉴赏家和评判者，把为人民服务作为文艺工作者的天职。”[7]（P288-289）党中央强调必须正确处理文化建设中社会效益和经济效益的关系，把社会效益放在首位，就是要强调文化的服务对象是人民，文化产品向人民供给。建成社会主义文化强国的战略目标，归根到底是满足人民日益增长的精神文化需求。党的二十届三中全会以习近平文化思想的人民立场为指导，着力从机制上保障文化服务和文化产品供给的高质量发展。如建立优质文化资源直达基层机制，健全社会力量参与公共文化服务机制，改进文艺创作生产服务、引导、组织工作机制、深化文娱领域综合治理、构建中华文明标识体系，等等。这些具体任务覆盖面广，针对性强，要求明确，举措务实，为建成文化强国提供了实践遵循。

3. Improving the comprehensive governance system for the internet. Internet construction and comprehensive internet governance are major tasks facing the construction of a cultural power, reflecting the problem awareness of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Culture regarding mastering the leading power of public opinion and broadly building social consensus. One driving factor in the deep evolution of the changes unseen in a century in today’s world is the accelerated pace of scientific and technological innovation and the rapid advance of artificial intelligence, which has both opened up broad space for the flourishing of socialist culture and brought severe tests of cultural competition

3. 健全网络综合治理体系。网络建设和网络综合治理是文化强国建设面临的重大任务，体现了习近平文化思想关于掌握舆论主导权、广泛凝聚社会共识的问题意识。当今世界百年之大变局深度演化的一个驱动因素是科学技术创新步伐加快，人工智能发展迅猛突进，这既为社会主义文化繁荣开辟了广阔空间，也带来了文化博弈的严峻考验。习近平强调：“网络空间是亿万民众共同的精神家园。”[8]（P472）事实上，形式各异的网络平台已然成为思想文化碰撞冲突的阵地，治理不好、管控不力、规范失序必将贻害无穷。加强党对网信工作的全面领导，不断提升网络空间法治化水平，打造中国特色治网之道，是建成社会主义文化强国的内在要求。《决定》提出的深化网络管理体制改革；完善生成式人工智能发展和管理机制；加强网络空间法治建设等具体部署，都是通向建成文化强国实践道路上的重点难点。因此，我们必须以强烈的事业心和高度的责任感，着力做好做大做强网络渠道的正面宣传，努力建设积极健康、向上向善的网络文化。这些健全网络综合治理体系的实践举措，有助于为人民提供安全放心的文化场景，以营造风清气正的网络环境，为建成文化强国提供保障。

4. Build a more effective system for international communication. Promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations and creating a new form of human civilization embody the world-oriented vision of Xi Jinping Thought on Culture. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, Xi Jinping has made a series of important statements on promoting Chinese culture to go global and enhancing international communication capabilities, and has devoted himself to being a promoter and advocate of Chinese culture on various international occasions, setting an example for telling China’s story well to the world. The history of world development proves that human civilization thrives precisely through the inclusive coexistence of the cultures of different countries and nations. Today, we must work harder to showcase the unique charm of Chinese culture to the world, “making the most basic cultural genes of the Chinese nation compatible with contemporary culture and coordinated with modern society, and promoting them in ways that are popular and widely participatory” [9] (P201). In October 2023, Xi Jinping issued important instructions on the work of propaganda, ideology, and culture nationwide, proposing the “seven focal efforts” (七个着力), which include “making a focal effort to strengthen the building of international communication capabilities”; in July 2024, the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC further proposed “accelerating the construction of a Chinese discourse and narrative system, and comprehensively enhancing the effectiveness of international communication.” The CPC has always embraced the world with a broad vision, strengthened historical consciousness and exerted spiritual initiative, forming a distinctive practical feature of unifying the construction of its own national culture with the development of world culture.

4. 构建更有效力的国际传播体系。促进文明交流互鉴、创造人类文明新形态体现了习近平文化思想胸怀天下的世界视野。党的十八大以来，习近平对推动中华文化走出国门、提高国际传播能力作出一系列重要论述，并致力于在各种国际场合做中华文化的宣传者和弘扬者，为向世界讲好中国故事作出了榜样示范。世界发展历史证明，人类文明正是在各国各民族文化的兼容并蓄中共创繁荣。今天，我们要更加努力向世界展示中华文化的独特魅力，“要使中华民族最基本的文化基因与当代文化相适应、与现代社会相协调，以人们喜闻乐见、具有广泛参与性的方式推广开来”[9]（P201)。2023年10月，习近平就全国宣传思想文化工作作出重要指示，提出的“七个着力”包括“着力加强国际传播能力建设”；2024年7月，党的二十届三中全会进一步提出“加快构建中国话语和中国叙事体系，全面提升国际传播效能”。中国共产党始终坚持胸怀天下，增强历史自觉和发挥精神主动，形成把本国文化建设与世界文化发展相统一的鲜明实践特征。

(Author’s bio: Chai Yi, Lecturer at the School of Marxism, East China University of Science and Technology, and Distinguished Research Fellow at the National Research Center for the Inheritance of Red Genes.)

（作者简介：柴奕，华东理工大学马克思主义学院讲师，全国红色基因传承研究中心特约研究员）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心