A Comprehensive Understanding of the Theoretical Contributions and Practical Power of Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought

Editor’s Note

开栏的话

Recently, the first volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Economy* was published and distributed. This topical selection of works provides an authoritative textbook for the entire Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country to deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought. On March 19, the People’s Daily and Renmin University of China jointly hosted a theoretical publicity symposium titled “Studying the First Volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Economy*.” Starting today, the theory section of this newspaper launches the column “Experts Discuss Studying the First Volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Economy*,” first publishing the keynote speeches of participating experts, striving through studying the original works, reading the original texts, and comprehending the principles to continuously deepen the study, research, and publicity of Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought. We welcome the active exchange of study experiences from our broad readership.

近日，《习近平经济文选》第一卷出版发行。这部专题文选，为全党全国各族人民深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平经济思想提供了权威教材。3月19日，人民日报社和中国人民大学共同主办了“学习《习近平经济文选》第一卷”理论宣传座谈会。本报理论版今起推出“学习《习近平经济文选》第一卷专家谈”专栏，先行刊发与会专家的主题发言文章，力求通过学原著、读原文、悟原理，把学习研究宣传习近平经济思想不断引向深入。欢迎广大读者积极交流学习体会。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC [1]1 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping’s leadership., facing a severe and complex international environment and arduous and heavy tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has insisted on observing the general trend, planning the overall situation, and doing practical work, comprehensively strengthening the Party’s strategic planning and unified leadership over economic work, continuously deepening the understanding of the laws governing economic work, and putting forward a series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies, leading China’s economic development to achieve historic achievements and undergo historic transformations, thereby forming Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought. Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It contains firm ideals and convictions, a clear political orientation, far-reaching strategic thinking, a strong sense of historical responsibility, sincere people-centered feelings, and scientific methods of thinking. It is a systematic theoretical summary of the practical experience of economic development in the New Era, a precious intellectual crystallization formed by the CPC’s unremitting exploration of the path of socialist economic development. It provides a sharp ideological weapon for promoting high-quality development of China’s economy, scientifically responding to major risks and challenges, and comprehensively building a modern socialist country, and it has also made significant original contributions to enriching and developing Marxist political economy.

党的十八大以来，面对严峻复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持观大势、谋全局、干实事，全面加强党对经济工作的战略谋划和统一领导，不断深化对经济工作的规律性认识，提出一系列新理念新思想新战略，引领我国经济发展取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，形成了习近平经济思想。习近平经济思想是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，蕴含着坚定理想信念、鲜明政治导向、深远战略思维、强烈历史担当、真挚人民情怀和科学思想方法，是对新时代经济发展实践经验的系统理论概括，是中国共产党不懈探索社会主义经济发展道路形成的宝贵思想结晶，为推动我国经济高质量发展、科学应对重大风险挑战、全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供了锐利思想武器，也为丰富发展马克思主义政治经济学作出了重要原创性贡献。

Not long ago, the first volume of *Selected Works of Xi Jinping on the Economy* (hereinafter referred to as the *Selected Works*) was published and distributed. This is a major event in the construction of the Party’s ideological theory and also a major event in the process of adapting Marxist political economy to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. The *Selected Works* includes the most important and fundamental works of General Secretary Xi Jinping on economic construction, systematically explaining the core essence, spiritual substance, rich connotations, and practical requirements of Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought, profoundly reflecting the theoretical height, ideological depth, and practical thickness of adapting Marxist political economy to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. It is an authoritative textbook for deeply studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought.

前不久，《习近平经济文选》第一卷（以下简称《文选》）出版发行。这是党的思想理论建设上的大事，也是马克思主义政治经济学中国化时代化进程中的大事。《文选》收入了习近平总书记关于经济建设最重要、最基本的著作，系统阐释了习近平经济思想的核心要义、精神实质、丰富内涵、实践要求，深刻反映了马克思主义政治经济学中国化时代化的理论高度、思想深度、实践厚度，是深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平经济思想的权威教材。

Opening Up a New Realm of Scientific Socialism

开辟了科学社会主义新境界

How to understand socialism and how to build socialism are not only theoretical propositions of scientific socialism but also theoretical propositions that Marxism must answer in the process of interpreting the world and changing the world. Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought is the product of combining the theory of scientific socialism and Marxist political economy with China’s specific realities and with the excellent traditional Chinese culture. It centrally embodies the Party’s further deepening and new expansion of its understanding of the laws of economic development, especially the laws of socialist economic construction.

怎样认识社会主义、怎样建设社会主义，既是科学社会主义的理论命题，也是马克思主义在解释世界、改造世界过程中必须回答的理论命题。习近平经济思想是科学社会主义理论、马克思主义政治经济学同中国具体实际、同中华优秀传统文化相结合的产物，集中体现了我们党对经济发展规律特别是社会主义经济建设规律认识的再深化和新拓展。

Deepening the principle of scientific socialism regarding the free and comprehensive development of the individual. Scientific socialism establishes the free and comprehensive development of the individual as the ultimate value of socialism. The *Communist Manifesto* points out: “The free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.” [2]2 A quotation from *The Communist Manifesto* (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Socialism takes the free and comprehensive development of each individual as its goal, and it is precisely in socialist society that individuals truly obtain the conditions and means for the free and comprehensive development of their abilities. The *Selected Works* begins by clarifying that “the people’s aspiration for a better life is our goal of struggle,” [3]3 A quotation from Xi Jinping’s speech at his first press conference as General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee on November 15, 2012. profoundly embodying the people-centered fundamental stance. Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought emphasizes adhering to development for the people, development relying on the people, and development achievements shared by the people, profoundly elucidating the main tasks, principles, and policies for realizing the purpose of socialist production in the New Era, and further clarifying that the fundamental purpose of socialist economic development with Chinese characteristics is to satisfy the people’s aspiration for a better life, concretely transforming the principle of the free and comprehensive development of the individual into a people-centered development concept and practical action.

深化了科学社会主义人的自由全面发展原则。科学社会主义把人的自由全面发展确立为社会主义的终极价值。《共产党宣言》指出：“每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。”社会主义以每个人的自由全面发展为目的，也正是在社会主义社会，个人才真正获得自由全面发展其才能的条件和手段。《文选》开篇就阐明“人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标”，深刻体现了以人民为中心的根本立场。习近平经济思想强调坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，深刻阐明了新时代实现社会主义生产目的的主要任务和方针政策，更加明确了中国特色社会主义经济发展的根本目的是满足人民群众对美好生活的向往，将人的自由全面发展原则具体地转化为以人民为中心的发展理念和实际行动。

Deepening the principle of scientific socialism regarding liberating and developing the productive forces. Productive forces are the fundamental driving force of human social development and the ultimate cause of all social changes and political transformations. Marx pointed out in *Capital*: “The distinction between various economic epochs is not what is produced, but how it is produced, by what means of labor it is produced.” [4]4 A quotation from *Capital*, Volume I (1867) by Karl Marx. Promoting the free and comprehensive development of the individual requires a strong material foundation, and the only feasible way to achieve this goal is to liberate and develop the social productive forces. The level of development of the social productive forces, while determining the level of human social development, also determines the different forms of human society’s existence at different historical stages. A series of new concepts, new ideas, and new strategies in Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought follow the logic of Marxist theory of productive forces, highly value the decisive role of productive forces, continuously deepen the understanding of the laws of productive force development, creatively propose the important concept of new quality productive forces, emphasize that technological innovation and industrial innovation are the basic paths for developing new quality productive forces, reveal the characteristics and laws of social productive force development in the New Era, and concretely transform the principle of liberating and developing the social productive forces into the theory of new quality productive forces, realizing a “revolution in terminology” [5]5 A phrase used by Marx in *Capital* to describe the conceptual shift in political economy. of Marxist political economy.

深化了科学社会主义解放和发展生产力原则。生产力是人类社会发展的根本动力，也是一切社会变迁和政治变革的终极原因。马克思在《资本论》中指出：“各种经济时代的区别，不在于生产什么，而在于怎样生产，用什么劳动资料生产。”促进人的自由全面发展要有强大的物质基础，达到这一目的唯一可行的办法是解放和发展社会生产力。社会生产力的发展水平，在决定人类社会发展水平的同时，也决定着人类社会在不同历史阶段存在的不同形式。习近平经济思想的一系列新理念新思想新战略遵循马克思主义生产力理论的逻辑，高度重视生产力的决定性作用，不断深化对生产力发展规律的认识，创造性提出新质生产力这一重要概念，强调科技创新和产业创新是发展新质生产力的基本路径，揭示了新时代社会生产力发展特征和规律，将解放和发展社会生产力原则现实地转化为新质生产力理论，实现了马克思主义政治经济学的“术语的革命”。

Deepening the principle of scientific socialism regarding community. Marx and Engels emphasized in *The German Ideology*: “Only within the community has each individual the means of cultivating his gifts in all directions; hence personal freedom becomes possible only within the community.” [6]6 A quotation from *The German Ideology* (1845–1846) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The course of human social development confirms that the basic mode of human existence is community, and the overall form of human development is civilization. “The true community” is Marx and Engels’ conception and construction of future society based on examining the development of human production methods and social forms. Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought not only focuses on China’s development issues but also on global common development issues, scientifically answering the questions of China, the world, the people, and the times. From a theoretical dimension, Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought proposes to directly face major practical issues such as the wealth gap and the development divide, advocates creating a development pattern of universal benefit and balanced growth, coordinated and inclusive development, win-win cooperation, and shared prosperity, and works together to build a community with a shared future for mankind, containing rich implications such as building a security community, an economic community, and an ecological community. This is a contemporary inheritance and development of Marxist thought on community. From a practical path dimension, Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought emphasizes independently exploring development paths suited to national conditions, breaking through the theoretical assumption in mainstream Western economics that “modernization equals Westernization” and the outdated thinking that “Western civilization is modern civilization,” successfully advancing and expanding Chinese-path modernization, enriching and developing a new form of human civilization, representing the development direction of human civilizational progress, setting a new model for developing countries to independently move towards modernization, and providing a new plan for leading the development of modern human social civilization.

深化了科学社会主义共同体原则。马克思、恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中强调：“在真正的共同体的条件下，各个人在自己的联合中并通过这种联合获得自己的自由。”人类社会发展历程印证了人类存在的基本方式是共同体，人类发展的整体样态是文明。“真正的共同体”是马克思、恩格斯在考察人类生产方式和社会形态发展的基础上，对未来社会的设想和构建。习近平经济思想不仅关注中国发展问题，也关注全球共同发展问题，科学回答了中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问。从理论维度看，习近平经济思想提出要直面贫富差距、发展鸿沟等重大现实问题，倡导共创普惠平衡、协调包容、合作共赢、共同繁荣的发展格局，同心打造人类命运共同体，内含建设安全共同体、经济共同体、生态共同体等丰富意蕴，是对马克思主义共同体思想的当代继承和发展。从实践路径看，习近平经济思想强调独立自主探索符合本国国情的发展道路，突破了西方主流经济学语境下“现代化就是西方化”的理论假定和“西方文明就是现代文明”的陈旧思维，成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化，丰富和发展了人类文明新形态，代表人类文明进步的发展方向，为发展中国家独立自主迈向现代化树立了新典范，为引领人类社会现代文明发展提供了新方案。

It provides vivid practice for the vigorous development of scientific socialism. Marx pointed out that “between capitalist and communist society there is a period of revolutionary transformation from the former to the latter,” and this period is socialist society. The sum total of relations of production constitutes the economic base of society; the economic base is the material relations of society, and on a given economic base there arises a corresponding superstructure. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China adheres to a people-centered development philosophy, promotes better alignment between relations of production and productive forces and between the superstructure and the economic base, and writes a new chapter in the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability. With abundant practical achievements, it infuses scientific socialism with new vitality in 21st-century China, forcefully refuting various arguments that disparage socialism, such as “the obsolescence of Marxism,” “the failure of socialism,” and “the end of history.” [7]7 The “two overall situations” refers to the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the overall situation of changes unseen in a century in the world. Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought upholds and improves the basic economic systems, including the coexistence of public ownership as the mainstay with diverse forms of ownership, the coexistence of distribution according to work as the mainstay with multiple modes of distribution, and the socialist market economy system. This lays the material and economic foundation for the further vigorous development of socialism and even for the realization of the highest ideal and ultimate goal of communism, demonstrating the path of socialist revival and the light of hope.

为科学社会主义蓬勃发展提供了生动实践。马克思指出“在资本主义社会和共产主义社会之间，有一个从前者变为后者的革命转变时期”，这个时期便是社会主义社会。生产关系的总和构成该社会的经济基础，经济基础是社会的物质关系，在一定的经济基础上产生与之相适应的上层建筑。在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指导下，我国坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，推动生产关系和生产力、上层建筑和经济基础更好相适应，书写了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定两大奇迹新篇章，以丰硕的实践成果让科学社会主义在21世纪的中国焕发出新的蓬勃生机，有力驳斥了诸如“马克思主义过时论”“社会主义失败论”“历史终结论”等各种唱衰社会主义的论调。习近平经济思想坚持和完善公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展，按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，社会主义市场经济体制等基本经济制度，为社会主义进一步蓬勃发展乃至实现共产主义的最高理想和最终目标奠定了物质基础和经济基础，展现出社会主义的复兴之路和希望之光。

A concentrated embodiment of continuing the Chinese cultural lineage and promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of fine traditional Chinese culture

赓续中华文脉、推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化和创新性发展的集中体现

Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought not only inherits, develops, and innovates Marxist political economy but also highlights the Chinese wisdom of governance. Fine traditional Chinese culture is the spiritual lifeline of the Chinese nation, containing rich philosophical thought, humanistic spirit, and moral concepts. Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought organizes and systematizes the economic thought and research methods within fine traditional Chinese culture, highlighting their richness, uniqueness, innovativeness, and systematic nature, further adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, enabling it to take root, blossom, and bear fruit on Chinese soil.

习近平经济思想不但继承、发展和创新了马克思主义政治经济学，更彰显了治国理政的中国智慧。中华优秀传统文化是中华民族的精神命脉，蕴含着丰富的哲学思想、人文精神和道德观念。习近平经济思想将中华优秀传统文化中的经济思想及研究方法进行条理化和系统化，凸显其丰富性、独特性、创新性、体系性，进一步推动马克思主义中国化时代化，使其在中国大地上生根发芽、开花结果。

It contains the worldview and methodology of fine traditional Chinese culture. Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the most powerful manifestation of the cultural subjectivity of the Chinese nation. As an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought fully absorbs the economic thought from fine traditional Chinese culture, displaying a distinct Chinese style and Chinese manner. For example, it embodies the worldview of “the unity of heaven and humanity,” [8] emphasizing that ecological environmental protection and economic development are not a contradictory opposition but a dialectical unity. It profoundly elucidates core concepts such as the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature and that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, achieving a creative transformation and innovative development of the “unity of heaven and humanity” worldview and providing ideological guidance for economic work in the New Era. Another example is its embodiment of the methodology of “the unity of knowledge and action,” [9] which, on the basis of accurately grasping the laws of economic development, adheres to “seeking truth from facts” and “using righteousness to regulate profit,” [10] correctly applying the method of contradiction analysis to resolve economic difficulties and systematically addressing structural problems in economic development.

蕴含着中华优秀传统文化的世界观和方法论。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想就是中华民族文化主体性的最有力体现。作为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，习近平经济思想充分吸收中华优秀传统文化中的经济思想，彰显鲜明的中国风格与中国气派。比如，体现“天人合一”的世界观，强调生态环境保护和经济发展不是矛盾对立的关系，而是辩证统一的关系，深刻阐明人与自然和谐共生、绿水青山就是金山银山等核心理念，实现了对“天人合一”世界观的创造性转化和创新性发展，为做好新时代经济工作提供了思想指引；又如，体现了“知行合一”的方法论，在准确把握经济发展规律的基础上，坚持“实事求是”“以义制利”等，正确利用矛盾分析方法化解经济难题，系统解决经济发展中的结构性问题。

Adhering to the Two Integrations and adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times. Theory originates from practice, and practice includes both the present and the historical. Economics has distinct practical and historical characteristics. On the deep foundation of over 5,000 years of Chinese civilization, to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, the inevitable path is to combine the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and with fine traditional Chinese culture. This is the regular understanding we have gained in exploring the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought is a major theoretical achievement of adhering to the Two Integrations, reflecting a profound grasp of the laws and basic features of economic development. Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought firmly grasps the crucial relationship between upholding the soul of Marxism and the root of fine traditional Chinese culture, using new perspectives, new ideas, new methods, and new tools to promote the creative transformation and innovative development of economic thought within fine traditional Chinese culture. With China’s specific realities as the practical foothold, Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought is filled with academic propositions, academic ideas, and academic viewpoints with local characteristics. It leads the construction and innovation of China’s economic disciplinary system, academic system, and discourse system, promoting knowledge innovation, theoretical innovation, and methodological innovation, forming a series of iconic concepts and original theories with Chinese characteristics, and manifesting the Chinese path, Chinese governance, and Chinese reasoning.

坚持“两个结合”，推进马克思主义中国化时代化。理论来源于实践，而实践既包括当下的也包括历史的。经济学具有鲜明的实践性、历史性特征。在5000多年中华文明深厚基础上开辟和发展中国特色社会主义，把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际、同中华优秀传统文化相结合是必由之路，这是我们在探索中国特色社会主义道路中得出的规律性认识。习近平经济思想是坚持“两个结合”的重大理论成果，体现了对经济发展规律和基本特征的深刻把握。习近平经济思想牢牢把握坚守马克思主义这个魂脉和中华优秀传统文化这个根脉的重大关系，运用新视角、新思路、新方法、新工具，推动中华优秀传统文化中经济思想的创造性转化和创新性发展。习近平经济思想以中国具体实际为实践落点，充满着具有本土特色的学术命题、学术思想、学术观点，引领着我国经济学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系建设和创新，推动了知识创新、理论创新、方法创新，形成一系列具有中国特色的标识性概念、原创性理论，彰显了中国之路、中国之治、中国之理。

It depicts the vivid practice of empowering economic and social development through culture. Culture is an important force driving economic and social development, and for promoting high-quality development, culture is a crucial fulcrum. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “To realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, material wealth must be greatly enriched, and spiritual wealth must also be greatly enriched” and “In places where culture is highly developed, the economy will still be at the forefront.” These important discussions transcend the narrow vision of mainstream Western economics, breaking the “humanistic paradox” that economic growth cannot simultaneously balance fairness and efficiency, development and protection. They contain the deep accumulation of fine traditional Chinese culture, represent an innovative expansion of Marxist political economy, endow Chinese-path modernization and the sustained and healthy development of China’s economy with vivid and vibrant cultural power, and lay a solid civilizational foundation for advancing the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation. Correctly understanding and grasping General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important discussions on empowering economic and social development through culture helps to deeply study and implement Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought, provides scientific theoretical guidance for achieving coordinated development of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress, and promotes China’s high-quality development in the symbiotic co-prosperity of culture and economy.

描绘了以文化赋能经济社会发展的生动实践。文化是推动经济社会发展的重要力量，推动高质量发展，文化是重要支点。习近平总书记指出：“实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，物质财富要极大丰富，精神财富也要极大丰富”“文化很发达的地方，经济照样走在前面”。这些重要论述超越了西方主流经济学的狭隘视野，打破了经济增长无法兼顾公平与效率、发展与保护等“人文悖论”，蕴含了中华优秀传统文化的深厚积淀，是对马克思主义政治经济学的创新拓展，为中国式现代化和中国经济持续健康发展赋予了生动鲜活的文化力量，为推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业筑牢了坚实的文明根基。正确理解和把握习近平总书记关于以文化赋能经济社会发展的重要论述，有助于深入学习贯彻习近平经济思想，为实现物质文明和精神文明协调发展提供科学的理论指导，推动我国在文化与经济共生共荣中实现高质量发展。

It profoundly reveals that the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for doing economic work well

深刻揭示出党中央集中统一领导是做好经济工作的根本保证

As early as the 2012 Central Economic Work Conference, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: “We must effectively strengthen the Party’s leadership over economic work and do economic work solidly and well.” Economic work is the central work of the Party, and Party leadership must be fully reflected in the central work. Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought creatively puts forward the major viewpoint that the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for doing economic work well, providing a strong political guarantee for the sustained and healthy development of China’s economy in the New Era.

早在2012年中央经济工作会议上，习近平总书记就强调：“我们必须切实加强党对经济工作的领导，扎扎实实做好经济工作。”经济工作是党的中心工作，党的领导必须在中心工作中得到充分体现。习近平经济思想创造性提出党中央集中统一领导是做好经济工作的根本保证的重大观点，为新时代我国经济的持续健康发展提供了强大的政治保障。

The centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over economic work is the fundamental reason why China’s economic development in the New Era has achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic transformations. The important conclusion that the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for doing economic work well is an inevitable result of the Party’s deepening understanding of the regularities of economic work in practice. It is the greatest consensus formed by the entire Party and plays a leading role in Xi Jinping’s Economic Thought

党中央对经济工作的集中统一领导，是新时代我国经济发展取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革的根本所在。党中央集中统一领导是做好经济工作的根本保证，这一重要论断是党在实践中不断深化对经济工作规律性认识的必然结论，是全党上下形成的最大共识，在习近平经济思想中具有引领作用。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央总揽全局、勇毅担当，深刻把握国内外经济形势发展变化规律，准确判断我国发展所处历史方位，加强对经济工作的战略谋划和统一领导，对确保我国经济航船穿过急流险滩、乘风破浪、行稳致远，发挥了至关重要的领导核心作用。实践证明，新时代我国经济建设之所以能够战胜各种困难，实现经济发展质量和效益全面提升，根本在于习近平总书记领航掌舵，在于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平经济思想科学指引，在于党中央对经济工作坚强有力的集中统一领导。

The centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over economic work is the experience gained in resisting major risks and challenges and achieving high-quality development. General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed: "To promote high-quality development, we must unswervingly uphold the Party's leadership and strengthen Party building." [1]1 The 18th National Congress of the CPC was held in 2012, marking the beginning of the New Era under Xi Jinping’s leadership. At present, the world is undergoing changes unseen in a century, and China's economic operation faces increasingly complex domestic and international environments, with many deep-seated and structural problems becoming more prominent. Domestically, there is insufficient effective demand, weak endogenous consumption momentum, constraints on investment growth, and still numerous risks and hidden dangers in some areas. Internationally, global economic growth momentum is insufficient, world aggregate demand is sluggish and low, great-power competition is intensifying, geopolitical conflicts are escalating, and economic globalization is encountering headwinds. At the same time, it must be recognized that China's economic base is stable, with many advantages, strong resilience, and great potential, and the supporting conditions and basic trend of long-term improvement have not changed. Only by adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over economic work can we effectively respond to the various complex situations on the path forward and build a solid political foundation for achieving high-quality development. Practice has proven that the more complex the situation, the more arduous the task, and the deeper the reform, the more we must uphold and strengthen the Party's overall leadership, make the Party stronger and more capable, integrate the adherence to the centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over economic work into the entire process and all aspects of economic construction, and continuously transform the institutional advantages of the Party's leadership over economic work into governance effectiveness.

党中央对经济工作的集中统一领导，是抵御重大风险挑战、实现高质量发展的经验所在。习近平总书记强调：“推动高质量发展，必须毫不动摇坚持党的领导、加强党的建设。”当前，世界正经历百年未有之大变局，我国经济运行面临日益复杂的国内外环境，许多深层次、结构性问题愈发凸显。从国内看，有效需求不足，消费内生动力偏弱，投资增长面临制约，一些领域风险隐患仍然较多；从国际看，全球经济增长动能不足，世界总需求低迷不振，大国博弈更加激烈，地缘政治冲突加剧，经济全球化遭遇逆流。同时必须看到，我国经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有变。只有坚持党中央对经济工作的集中统一领导，才能有效应对前进道路上的各种复杂局面，筑牢实现高质量发展的强大政治基础。实践证明，越是形势复杂，越是任务艰巨，越是改革深入，越是要坚持和加强党的全面领导，把党建设得更加坚强有力，把坚持党中央对经济工作的集中统一领导贯穿经济建设全过程各方面，不断把党领导经济工作的制度优势转化为治理效能。

The centralized and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee over economic work is the advantage in realizing the grand blueprint of Chinese-path modernization. The key to promoting Chinese-path modernization lies in the Party; the Party's leadership directly concerns the fundamental direction, future destiny, and ultimate success or failure of Chinese-path modernization. Last year's Central Economic Work Conference stressed: "We must strengthen the Party's leadership over economic work, adhere to putting action first, boost confidence, face difficulties head-on, and strive to make a difference, ensuring that all decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee are implemented." [2]2 A quotation from *The Communist Manifesto* (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. This is not only an important guide for current economic work but also a key concept running through the development of all undertakings, with profound connotations and great significance. One part planning, nine parts implementation. We must take concrete measures in planning, based on national conditions and grasping economic laws, through forward-looking thinking, systematic planning, and holistic advancement, to ensure that the policy toolbox always aligns with the questions of the times and the needs of development, and that every economic decision closely follows the pulse of development. We must make solid efforts in implementation, improve strategic decision-making mechanisms, continuously advance the Party's self-revolution, embody the requirements of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party in the Party's leadership over economic work, and strive to enhance the quality and efficiency of economic development. We must seek practical results in outcomes, embodying the ultimate effectiveness of economic work in the improvement of development quality and the enhancement of people's well-being, promoting the transformation of policies into benefits for the people with the spirit of driving nails, ensuring that the great ship of China's economy braves the wind and waves, moving from victory to new victory.

党中央对经济工作的集中统一领导，是实现中国式现代化宏伟蓝图的优势所在。推动中国式现代化关键在党，党的领导直接关系中国式现代化的根本方向、前途命运、最终成败。去年中央经济工作会议强调：“要加强党对经济工作的领导，坚持干字当头，增强信心、迎难而上、奋发有为，确保党中央各项决策部署落到实处。”这不仅是对当下经济工作的重要指引，更是贯穿各项事业发展的关键理念，有着深刻内涵与重大意义。一分部署、九分落实。要在谋事上出实招，立足国情实际、把握经济规律，通过前瞻性思考、系统性谋划、整体性推进，确保政策工具箱始终对准时代之问、发展之需，确保每一项经济决策都紧扣发展脉搏；要在推进中务实功，完善战略决策机制，不断推进党的自我革命，把全面从严治党要求体现在党领导经济工作之中，着力推动经济发展质效提升；要在结果上求实效，把经济工作的最终成效体现在发展质量提升、民生福祉改善上，以钉钉子精神推动政策转化为惠民成果，确保中国号经济巨轮奋楫破浪、从胜利走向新的胜利。

In the practice of high-quality development of China's economy in the New Era, it demonstrates powerful truth force.

在新时代中国经济高质量发展实践中展现出强大真理力量

Practice is the touchstone of truth and the sole criterion. In the New Era, China's economic development has achieved historic accomplishments and undergone historic transformations. The quality of high-quality development is fully evident, and Chinese-path modernization has continuously taken new solid steps. General Secretary Xi Jinping, assessing the situation, has put forward major

实践是检验真理的试金石，也是唯一标准。新时代我国经济发展取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，高质量发展的成色十足，中国式现代化不断迈出新的坚实步伐。习近平总书记审时度势提出新发展阶段、新发展理念、新发展格局等重大命题，为实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展提供了科学的行动指南。

Entering the new stage of development, writing a new chapter of historic leaps. Since the New Era, our country has completed the historical tasks of poverty alleviation and building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, achieving the first centenary goal, and has embarked on a new journey of comprehensively advancing the building of a strong country and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-path modernization. Standing at the strategic height of coordinating the “two overall situations” [7]7 The “two overall situations” refers to the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the overall situation of changes unseen in a century in the world., General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the important thesis of the new stage of development. Generally speaking, the new stage of development is a stage within the primary stage of socialism, a new stage in which, after our country has built a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieved the first centenary goal, we seize the momentum to open up a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country and march toward the second centenary goal. It is a new stage in which our Party leads the people to achieve a historic leap from standing up and growing rich to becoming strong, and it has milestone significance. In his report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly expounded the Chinese characteristics, essential requirements, and major principles of Chinese-path modernization, pointing out that Chinese-path modernization is the modernization of a huge population, the modernization of common prosperity for all the people, the modernization of material civilization and cultural-ethical progress in harmony, the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, and the modernization of taking the path of peaceful development. The new stage of development manifests the new connotations of the Marxist theory of stages of social development, clarifies the new characteristics and new features of the primary stage of socialism in the new historical period, and provides a scientific guide for us to scientifically and dynamically grasp the process of modernization and to refine and implement the tasks of modernization.

进入新发展阶段，书写历史性跨越的新篇章。新时代以来，我国完成脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会的历史任务，实现第一个百年奋斗目标，已踏上以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的新征程。站在统筹“两个大局”的战略高度，习近平总书记提出了新发展阶段的重要论断。总的来说，新发展阶段是社会主义初级阶段中的一个阶段，是我国全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标之后，乘势而上开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的新阶段，是我们党带领人民迎来从站起来、富起来到强起来历史性跨越的新阶段，具有里程碑意义。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告中深刻阐述了中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求和重大原则，指出中国式现代化是人口规模巨大的现代化、是全体人民共同富裕的现代化、是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化、是人与自然和谐共生的现代化、是走和平发展道路的现代化。新发展阶段彰显了马克思主义社会发展阶段理论的新内涵，阐明了社会主义初级阶段在新的历史时期的新特征新特点，为我们科学动态地把握现代化进程、细化与落实现代化任务提供了科学指南。

Implementing the new development philosophy, finding the “golden key” to solving development problems. Development is the eternal theme of human society, and the development philosophy is the guide for development actions. The development philosophy is a worldview and methodology concerning development, a scientific theory formed by people grasping the laws of development through practice to guide development. General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly grasps the trend of the accelerated evolution of changes unseen in a century in the world and the deepening of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, rationally absorbs and transcends various theoretical achievements on development, and clearly puts forward the new development philosophy of innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing, emphasizing that implementing the new development philosophy is the only way for our country to grow and strengthen in the New Era. The five development philosophies complement and reinforce each other, together forming a logically rigorous, dialectically unified organic whole, serving as the baton for solving China’s future development problems and clarifying China’s future development direction. Under the guidance of the new development philosophy, our country’s innovation-driven development has achieved notable results, with scientific and technological strength moving from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leaps; the economic structure has been continuously optimized, and coordinated development has been solidly advanced; ecological and environmental protection has undergone historic, transformative, and comprehensive changes; the breadth and depth of opening up have been continuously expanded; and poverty alleviation has achieved a comprehensive victory, making China the first developing country to achieve the United Nations poverty reduction goal. Our country’s economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national power have reached new heights, fully demonstrating the truth power and practical power of Xi Jinping’s economic thought.

贯彻新发展理念，找到破解发展难题的“金钥匙”。发展是人类社会的永恒主题，发展理念是发展行动的先导。发展理念是关于发展的世界观和方法论，是人们通过实践把握发展规律而形成的指导发展的科学理论。习近平总书记深刻把握世界百年未有之大变局加速演进、新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展的大势，合理吸收并超越关于发展的各种理论成果，鲜明提出了创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，强调贯彻新发展理念是新时代我国发展壮大的必由之路。五大发展理念相辅相成、相得益彰，共同构成了一个逻辑严密、辩证统一的有机整体，是解决中国未来发展难题、明确中国未来发展方向的指挥棒。在新发展理念的指引下，我国创新驱动发展成效明显，科技实力正在从量的积累迈向质的飞跃；经济结构持续优化，协调发展扎实推进；生态环境保护发生历史性、转折性、全局性变化；对外开放广度和深度持续拓展；脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利，成为首个实现联合国减贫目标的发展中国家。我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新台阶，充分彰显了习近平经济思想的真理力量和实践伟力。

Constructing the new development pattern, making the “first move” to seize the initiative in development. The development pattern is a major choice in development strategy. Constructing a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the main body and domestic and international circulations mutually reinforcing, based on the economic circulation theory of Marxist political economy, profoundly explains the internal mechanism of the operation of the national economic cycle, emphasizes the fundamental role of the circulation system in the national economy, and is a strategic decision made to achieve the second centenary goal and coordinate development and security. As the strategic foundation for promoting high-quality development, accelerating the construction of the new development pattern is a major strategic task related to the overall situation of our country’s development, a systematic and deep-level transformation concerning the overall situation, and a strategic deployment to grasp the initiative in future development. The new development pattern is not a closed domestic single circulation but an open domestic and international dual circulation, establishing a strong circulation system at a higher quality and higher level of openness, scientifically answering major questions such as how a large economy can smooth circulation and how to achieve a higher level of supply-demand balance. It not only reshapes China’s economic development path but also provides a more enlightening Chinese solution for world prosperity and development. Entering the new stage of development, implementing the new development philosophy, and constructing the new development pattern are organically unified in the great practice of comprehensively building a modern socialist country, providing solid theoretical support for comprehensively advancing Chinese-path modernization with high-quality development, and shining with the light of truth in the practice of high-quality economic development in China in the New Era.

构建新发展格局，下好发展主动权的“先手棋”。发展格局是发展战略上的重大选择。构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，以马克思主义政治经济学的经济循环理论为基础，深刻阐释了国民经济循环运行的内在机理，强调流通体系在国民经济中的基础性作用，是立足实现第二个百年奋斗目标、统筹发展和安全作出的战略决策。作为推动高质量发展的战略基点，加快构建新发展格局，是一项关系我国发展全局的重大战略任务，是事关全局的系统性、深层次变革，更是把握未来发展主动权的战略部署。新发展格局不是封闭的国内单循环，而是开放的国内国际双循环，是在更高质量和更高开放水平上建立强大的循环体系，科学回答了大国经济如何畅通循环、如何实现更高水平供需平衡等重大问题，不仅重塑了中国经济发展路径，更为世界繁荣发展提供了更具启示性的中国方案。进入新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局，三者有机统一于全面建设社会主义现代化国家伟大实践，为以高质量发展全面推进中国式现代化提供坚实学理支撑，在新时代中国经济高质量发展实践中闪耀真理光芒。

(The author is the Party Secretary of Renmin University of China)

（作者为中国人民大学党委书记）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心