Deeply Grasping the Original Contributions of the Socialist Legal System with Chinese Characteristics

Law is the foundation of governance. [1]1 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, held in October 2014, was the first central plenum dedicated to the topic of law-based governance. Its "Decision" on comprehensively advancing law-based governance established the goal of building a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized: “Law is a crucial instrument of state governance, and the rule of law is an important pillar of the national governance system and governance capacity.” As a hallmark of human political civilization having reached a certain historical stage, the rule of law is aspired to and pursued by peoples of all countries. The rule of law is also something the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people have diligently sought for over a century, and it is an important element of the core socialist values. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has positioned, laid out, and

法者，治之端也。习近平总书记强调：“法律是治国之重器，法治是国家治理体系和治理能力的重要依托。”法治作为人类政治文明发展到一定历史阶段的标志，为各国人民所向往和追求。法治也是中国共产党和中国人民百余年来孜孜以求的，是社会主义核心价值观的重要内容。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央从坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的全局和战略高度定位法治、布局法治、厉行法治，创造性提出了关于全面依法治国的一系列新理念新思想新战略，形成了习近平法治思想。习近平法治思想是马克思主义法治理论中国化的最新成果，是中国特色社会主义法治理论的重大创新发展，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，是新时代全面依法治国的根本遵循和行动指南。

Original concepts and signature concepts are the cornerstone for advancing the systematic and theoretical research and interpretation of the Party's innovative theories. The "Decision" of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC [1]1 The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC, held in October 2014, was the first central plenum dedicated to the topic of law-based governance. Its "Decision" on comprehensively advancing law-based governance established the goal of building a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics. clearly stated that the overall goal of comprehensively advancing law-based governance is to build a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics and a socialist country under the rule of law. Building a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics is a concept and theory with originality and epochal significance proposed by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and is an important component of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Building a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics and a socialist country under the rule of law is an inevitable requirement for modernizing the national governance system and governance capacity, and is also an inevitable requirement for comprehensively deepening reform." [2]2 Quotation from Xi Jinping's speech at the Third Plenary Session of the Central Commission for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, August 2014. The construction of a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics concerns the success or failure of the entire cause of comprehensively advancing law-based governance. Only by planning and advancing all work related to law-based governance around this overarching focus of building a socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics can significant results be achieved. Deeply studying the original concept and signature concept of the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics, and grasping its original contributions and principled achievements from aspects such as cultural roots, theoretical characteristics, thinking methods, core tasks, and world significance, is conducive to thoroughly studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, enhancing theoretical confidence and strategic resolve, effectively using Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law to arm the mind, guide practice, and promote work, and continuously opening up new realms in comprehensively advancing law-based governance.

原创性概念标识性概念是推进党的创新理论体系化学理化研究阐释的基石。党的十八届四中全会《决定》明确提出，全面推进依法治国，总目标是建设中国特色社会主义法治体系，建设社会主义法治国家。建设中国特色社会主义法治体系，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央提出的具有原创性、时代性的概念和理论，是习近平法治思想的重要内容。习近平总书记指出：“建设中国特色社会主义法治体系、建设社会主义法治国家是实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求，也是全面深化改革的必然要求”。建设中国特色社会主义法治体系关乎全面依法治国事业兴衰成败，依法治国各项工作都要围绕建设中国特色社会主义法治体系这个总抓手来谋划、来推进，才能取得显著成效。深入研究中国特色社会主义法治体系这一原创性概念标识性概念，从文化根脉、理论特色、思维方法、核心任务、世界意义等方面把握其原创性贡献和原理性成果，有利于深入学习贯彻习近平法治思想，增强理论自信和战略定力，切实运用习近平法治思想武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作，不断开辟全面依法治国新境界。

The socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics is a major innovative achievement that vividly interprets the essence and key points of the "Two Integrations" [3]3 The "Two Integrations" refers to the combination of the basic tenets of Marxism with China's specific realities and with the best of China's traditional culture. This formulation was elevated to a "magic weapon" for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics at the 20th National Congress of the CPC in 2022., opening up a new realm of adapting the Marxist theory on the rule of law to the Chinese context based on intellectual independence. It profoundly reflects the strong theoretical confidence and deep cultural roots of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law.

中国特色社会主义法治体系是生动诠释“两个结合”精髓要义，以精神上的独立自主开辟马克思主义法治理论中国化新境界的重大创新成果，深刻反映了习近平法治思想的强大理论自信和深厚文化根脉

The issue of the path is the primary issue concerning the success or failure of the Party's cause. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The socialist rule of law path with Chinese characteristics that we adhere to is essentially the concrete manifestation of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the field of rule of law; the socialist rule of law theory with Chinese characteristics that we develop is essentially the theoretical achievement of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics on rule of law issues; the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics that we build is essentially the legal expression of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics." [4]4 Quotation from Xi Jinping's speech at the central conference on work related to law-based governance, August 2020. The Communist Party of China is both a firm believer and practitioner of Marxism and a loyal inheritor and promoter of China's excellent traditional culture. To develop and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics on the profound foundation of over 5,000 years of Chinese civilization, the only path is to combine the basic tenets of Marxism with China's specific realities and with the best of China's traditional culture. The "Two Integrations" are the regular understanding our Party has gained in exploring the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the greatest magic weapon for our success, and also the source of confidence, self-assurance, and resolve for building our socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics.

道路问题是关系党的事业兴衰成败第一位的问题。习近平总书记指出：“我们要坚持的中国特色社会主义法治道路，本质上是中国特色社会主义道路在法治领域的具体体现；我们要发展的中国特色社会主义法治理论，本质上是中国特色社会主义理论体系在法治问题上的理论成果；我们要建设的中国特色社会主义法治体系，本质上是中国特色社会主义制度的法律表现形式。”中国共产党既是马克思主义的坚定信仰者和践行者，又是中华优秀传统文化的忠实继承者和弘扬者。在5000多年中华文明深厚基础上开辟和发展中国特色社会主义，把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际、同中华优秀传统文化相结合是必由之路。“两个结合”是我们党在探索中国特色社会主义道路中得出的规律性认识，是我们取得成功的最大法宝，也是我们建设中国特色社会主义法治体系的底气所在、自信所在、定力所在。

The socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics is the theoretical and practical achievement of combining the Marxist theory on the rule of law with the specific realities of China's rule of law construction. Why the Communist Party of China can succeed, and why socialism with Chinese characteristics works well, ultimately boils down to the fact that Marxism works, and that Marxism adapted to the Chinese context and the needs of the times works. The Marxist theory on the rule of law is an important component of Marxist theory. Starting from basic viewpoints such as law being determined by the economic base and law having a distinct class character, it profoundly reveals the essential characteristics of law, scientifically elucidates fundamental issues such as the laws of development of law, the value and function of law, and the basic relationships of law, and for the first time truly establishes the understanding of law on the basis of a scientific worldview and methodology. The socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics, as an original concept and signature concept of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, profoundly grasps the relationship between rule of law and politics, and between rule of law and social development, using dialectical materialism and historical materialism. It closely integrates the Marxist theory on the rule of law with the rich practice of comprehensively advancing law-based governance in the New Era, taking Party leadership as the soul of the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics. Adhering to proceeding from China's actual conditions, it takes following our own path as the foothold for all theory and practice, neither disregarding national conditions nor overstepping stages, nor sticking to old ways and being conservative; neither blindly copying other countries' models and practices, nor taking the Western path of "constitutionalism," "separation of powers," or "judicial independence," while persisting in upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, forging ahead with enterprise, and making sustained efforts. This demonstrates the theoretical quality of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, which remains "firm and strong despite a thousand blows, regardless of the winds from east, west, south, or north." [5]5 A line from the poem "Bamboo and Stone" by the Qing dynasty painter and poet Zheng Xie (1693–1765), often cited by Xi Jinping to express resilience and steadfastness in the face of external pressures.

中国特色社会主义法治体系是马克思主义法治理论同中国法治建设具体实际相结合的理论与实践成果。中国共产党为什么能，中国特色社会主义为什么好，归根到底是因为马克思主义行，是中国化时代化的马克思主义行。马克思主义法治理论是马克思主义理论的重要组成部分，从法由经济基础决定、法具有鲜明阶级性等基本观点出发，深刻揭示了法的本质特征，科学阐明了法的发展规律、法的价值和功能、法的基本关系等根本问题，把对法的认识第一次真正建立在科学的世界观和方法论基础之上。中国特色社会主义法治体系作为习近平法治思想的原创性概念标识性概念，以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义深刻把握法治与政治的关系、法治与社会发展的关系，将马克思主义法治理论与新时代全面依法治国的丰富实践紧密结合，把党的领导作为中国特色社会主义法治之魂。坚持从我国实际出发，把走自己的路作为全部理论和实践的立足点，既不罔顾国情、超越阶段，也不因循守旧、墨守成规；既不盲目照搬别国模式和做法，不走西方“宪政”“三权鼎立”“司法独立”的路子，又坚持守正创新、开拓进取、久久为功，展现出习近平法治思想“千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风”的理论品质。

The socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics is the theoretical and practical result of combining the Marxist theory on the rule of law with China's excellent traditional legal culture. Chinese civilization is the only great civilization in the world that has continued uninterrupted and developed in the form of a state to this day. With its distinct characteristics and rich connotations, China's excellent traditional legal culture played an important role in ancient China in maintaining national unity, regulating social relations, and achieving national peace and security, giving birth to the Chinese legal system, which is unique in the history of world legal systems. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The Chinese legal system embodies the spirit and wisdom of the Chinese nation, and there are many excellent ideas and concepts worthy of our inheritance. The governance strategy of 'using rites to supplement law, and esteeming rites while emphasizing law'; the people-oriented concept of 'the people are the foundation of the state, and when the foundation is stable, the state is peaceful'; the value pursuit of 'a world without litigation, and harmony is most precious'; the cautious punishment thought of 'giving priority to virtue supplemented by punishment, and being enlightened in virtue and cautious in punishment'; the equality concept of 'adjudicating according to law, and punishment fitting the crime'; the principle of leniency for the widowed, orphaned, elderly, young, women, and disabled; all these demonstrate the wisdom of China's excellent traditional legal culture." [6]6 Quotation from Xi Jinping's speech at a central conference on work related to law-based governance, November 2020. The socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics is a rule of law system rooted in Chinese culture, based on China's national conditions, and aimed at solving China's problems. It always adheres to the stance of Chinese culture, inherits the genes of Chinese culture, and integrates the ideological essence of the Marxist theory on the rule of law with the spiritual characteristics of China's excellent traditional legal culture. It strives to embed the unique value system, cultural connotations, and spiritual qualities of the Chinese people throughout the system of legal norms, the system of rule of law implementation, the system of rule of law supervision, the system of rule of law guarantee, and the system of intra-Party regulations. It adheres to combining law-based governance with rule-of-virtue governance, focusing on manifesting within the core socialist values the contemporary value of China's excellent traditional culture, which advocates benevolence, values the people, upholds integrity, champions justice, promotes harmony, and seeks common ground. It vigorously promotes the integration of core socialist values into the entire process of building a law-based state, law-based government, and law-based society, and into all links of scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial justice, and universal compliance with the law, achieving mutual reinforcement and complementarity between rule of law and rule of virtue. With its distinct Chinese characteristics, Chinese style, and Chinese manner, the socialist rule of law system with Chinese characteristics vividly interprets the mutual compatibility and mutual achievement of the Marxist theory on the rule of law and China's excellent traditional legal culture, demonstrating the theoretical confidence of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law in forging new brilliance in Chinese socialist rule of law civilization with strong cultural subjectivity.

中国特色社会主义法治体系是马克思主义法治理论同中华优秀传统法律文化相结合的理论与实践结果。中华文明是世界上唯一绵延不断且以国家形态发展至今的伟大文明。中华优秀传统法律文化以其鲜明的特色与丰富的内涵，在古代中国维护国家统一、调节社会关系、实现国泰民安等方面发挥重要作用，孕育出世界法制史上独树一帜的中华法系。习近平总书记指出：“中华法系凝聚了中华民族的精神和智慧，有很多优秀的思想和理念值得我们传承。出礼入刑、隆礼重法的治国策略，民惟邦本、本固邦宁的民本理念，天下无讼、以和为贵的价值追求，德主刑辅、明德慎罚的慎刑思想，援法断罪、罚当其罪的平等观念，保护鳏寡孤独、老幼妇残的恤刑原则，等等，都彰显了中华优秀传统法律文化的智慧。”中国特色社会主义法治体系是扎根中国文化、立足中国国情、解决中国问题的法治体系，始终坚守中华文化立场、传承中华文化基因，把马克思主义法治理论的思想精髓同中华优秀传统法律文化的精神特质融会贯通起来；努力把中国人的独特价值体系、文化内涵和精神品质贯穿于法律规范体系、法治实施体系、法治监督体系、法治保障体系以及党内法规体系之中；坚持依法治国和以德治国相结合，注重在社会主义核心价值观中彰显中华优秀传统文化讲仁爱、重民本、守诚信、崇正义、尚和合、求大同的时代价值，大力推动社会主义核心价值观融入法治国家、法治政府、法治社会建设全过程，融入科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法各环节，实现法治和德治相辅相成、相得益彰。中国特色社会主义法治体系以鲜明的中国特色、中国风格、中国气派，生动诠释了马克思主义法治理论与中华优秀传统法律文化的彼此契合、互相成就，展现出习近平法治思想以强烈的文化主体性铸就中华法治文明新辉煌的理论自信。

The socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics is a major innovative achievement that systematically summarizes the rich practice and valuable experience of the Party’s leadership in rule-of-law construction, continuously advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. It profoundly reflects that Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law has reached a new realm in understanding the laws of governance by the Communist Party of China, the laws of socialist construction, and the laws of the development of human society.

中国特色社会主义法治体系是系统总结党领导法治建设丰富实践和宝贵经验，不断推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大创新成果，深刻反映了习近平法治思想对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律、人类社会发展规律的认识达到了新境界

History is the best teacher. Experience and lessons have made our Party deeply realize that the rule of law is an indispensable means of governance. When the rule of law prevails, the country prospers; when the rule of law declines, the country falls into chaos. Building a socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics is the overall lever for implementing all work related to law-based governance in all respects. In this unprecedented great social practice, led by the Communist Party of China and participated in by over 1.4 billion Chinese people, the Chinese nation, with its long history and splendid civilization, is striding forward on the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, continuously opening up new realms in the development of human rule-of-law civilization.

历史是最好的老师。经验和教训使我们党深刻认识到，法治是治国理政不可或缺的重要手段。法治兴则国家兴，法治衰则国家乱。建设中国特色社会主义法治体系是落实全面依法治国各项工作的总抓手。在这场由中国共产党领导、14亿多中国人民共同参与的、史无前例的伟大社会实践中，有着悠久历史和灿烂文明的中华民族正在习近平法治思想指引下，阔步前行在中国特色社会主义法治道路上，不断开创人类法治文明发展新境界。

As early as the period of the New Democratic Revolution, our Party, in its bloody and indomitable revolutionary struggle, paid attention to strengthening legal construction and carrying out legal struggles, conducting extensive explorations around uniting and winning over the people, consolidating revolutionary political power, and achieving national independence and people’s liberation. For example, in the revolutionary base areas, it led the establishment of Soviet congresses, workers’ and peasants’ congresses, etc., and formulated the *Constitutional Outline of the Chinese Soviet Republic*, the *Constitutional Principles of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region*, and a large number of other laws and decrees, laying an important foundation for the development of socialist rule-of-law construction after the founding of New China. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the Party led the people in promulgating, within a short period, China’s first socialist-type constitution—the 1954 Constitution—enacting a number of important laws and regulations, and establishing the basic framework of the socialist legal system, which played an important safeguarding role in consolidating the socialist political power and carrying out socialist construction. During the new period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, our Party profoundly summarized the experiences and lessons of China’s socialist rule-of-law construction, designated law-based governance as the basic strategy for the Party to lead the people in governing the country, designated law-based exercise of power as the basic way for the Party to govern the country, continuously advanced socialist rule-of-law construction, formed a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and effectively safeguarded and promoted reform and opening up and socialist modernization.

早在新民主主义革命时期，我们党在浴血奋战、百折不挠的革命斗争中，就注重加强法制建设、开展法律斗争，围绕团结争取民众、巩固革命政权、实现民族独立和人民解放等进行了大量探索。比如，在革命根据地领导建立苏维埃代表大会、工农兵代表大会等，制定《中华苏维埃共和国宪法大纲》《陕甘宁边区宪法原则》以及其他大量法律法令，为新中国成立后开展社会主义法治建设奠定了重要基础。社会主义革命和建设时期，党领导人民在不长时间内颁布了我国首部社会主义类型的宪法——1954年宪法，制定一批重要法律法规，建立起社会主义法制的基本框架，为巩固社会主义政权和进行社会主义建设发挥了重要保障作用。改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，我们党深刻总结我国社会主义法治建设的经验教训，把依法治国确定为党领导人民治理国家的基本方略，把依法执政确定为党治国理政的基本方式，不断推进社会主义法治建设，形成中国特色社会主义法律体系，有力保障和推动了改革开放和社会主义现代化建设。

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, from the overall and strategic height of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, has clearly proposed law-based governance in all respects and incorporated it into the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy, planning and advancing it within the overall framework of the development of the Party and the country’s undertakings; it has written “the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics” into the Constitution, and the Party Central Committee has established the Central Commission for Comprehensive Law-Based Governance, improving the system for the Party to lead legislation, ensure law enforcement, support judicial justice, and take the lead in abiding by the law, promoting historic changes and historic achievements in China’s socialist rule-of-law construction, and opening up a new situation for law-based governance in all respects. The *Decision* of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC proposed that the overall goal of comprehensively advancing law-based governance is to build a socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics and build a socialist country under the rule of law. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core requires that, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, adhering to the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and implementing the theory of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, we form a complete system of legal norms, an efficient system for rule-of-law implementation, a rigorous system for rule-of-law oversight, a powerful system for rule-of-law safeguards, and a complete system of intra-Party regulations; adhere to the coordinated advancement of law-based governance, law-based exercise of power, and law-based administration; adhere to the integrated construction of a country under the rule of law, a government under the rule of law, and a society under the rule of law; achieve sound legislation, strict law enforcement, impartial justice, and universal compliance with the law; and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The *Decision* of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC further proposed improving the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics and comprehensively advancing the legalization of all aspects of the country’s work. This series of major theoretical and practical achievements marks a comprehensive shift in China from building a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics to building a socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics.

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央从坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的全局和战略高度，明确提出全面依法治国，并将其纳入“四个全面”战略布局，放在党和国家事业发展全局中来谋划、来推进；把“中国共产党领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征”写入宪法，党中央组建中央全面依法治国委员会，完善党领导立法、保证执法、支持司法、带头守法制度，推动我国社会主义法治建设发生历史性变革、取得历史性成就，开创了全面依法治国新局面。党的十八届四中全会《决定》提出，全面推进依法治国，总目标是建设中国特色社会主义法治体系，建设社会主义法治国家。以习近平同志为核心的党中央要求，在中国共产党领导下，坚持中国特色社会主义制度，贯彻中国特色社会主义法治理论，形成完备的法律规范体系、高效的法治实施体系、严密的法治监督体系、有力的法治保障体系，形成完善的党内法规体系，坚持依法治国、依法执政、依法行政共同推进，坚持法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设，实现科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法，促进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。党的二十届三中全会《决定》进一步提出完善中国特色社会主义法治体系，全面推进国家各方面工作法治化。这一系列重大理论与实践成果，标志着我国从建设中国特色社会主义法律体系全面转向建设中国特色社会主义法治体系。

The socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics, as an original and iconic concept of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, is

中国特色社会主义法治体系作为习近平法治思想的原创性概念标识性概念，是彰显其理论品质、战略纵深的“窗口”。从“法制”到“法治”、从“法律体系”到“法治体系”，虽然只有一字之差，但是它们的内涵却有很大不同。“法制”侧重强调法律、法规、规章等静态的制度体系；“法治”则更为强调贯穿治国理政始终的原则、方法、活动；“中国特色社会主义法律体系”指向静态意义上的法律规范、制度的体系，“中国特色社会主义法治体系”则更为强调全面依法治国作为一个系统工程，必须对法律规范体系、法治实施体系、法治监督体系、法治保障体系、党内法规体系进行整体谋划，更加注重系统性、整体性、协同性。可以说，这一变化突出体现了全面依法治国是国家治理的一场深刻革命，充分说明中国特色社会主义法治建设正在实现从制定良法到促进善治的全面跃升，使我们党对建设社会主义法治国家的规律有了更加深刻的认识和把握，为更好发挥法治固根本、稳预期、利长远的保障作用提供了行动指南，必将引领我们在法治轨道上全面建设社会主义现代化国家，谱写以法治中国建设推进中国式现代化新的壮丽篇章。

The system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics is a major innovative achievement that firmly grasps the "Six Musts," [7]7 The "Six Musts" (六个必须坚持) are a set of six principles articulated in the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC (2022) as essential components of the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era employing scientific methods and dialectical thinking to answer a series of fundamental questions concerning the construction of the rule of law. It profoundly reflects the worldview and methodology that consistently permeate Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law.

中国特色社会主义法治体系是牢牢把握“六个必须坚持”，以科学方法和辩证思维回答一系列关系法治建设根本问题的重大创新成果，深刻反映了习近平法治思想始终贯穿的世界观和方法论

The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC systematically expounded the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, of which the "Six Musts" are an important component. Must put the people first, must maintain confidence in our own path, must uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, must adopt a problem-oriented approach, must apply systems thinking, and must maintain a global vision—these "Six Musts" are also the standpoints, viewpoints, and methods that run through Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, providing a "golden key" for answering a series of major issues faced in the process of building the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics.

党的二十大报告系统阐述了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论，其中“六个必须坚持”是重要内容。必须坚持人民至上、必须坚持自信自立、必须坚持守正创新、必须坚持问题导向、必须坚持系统观念、必须坚持胸怀天下，这“六个必须坚持”也是贯穿习近平法治思想始终的立场观点方法，为回答中国特色社会主义法治体系建设过程中面临的一系列重大问题提供了“金钥匙”。

Must put the people first, clearly and unequivocally answering major questions such as "for whom" comprehensive law-based governance is carried out. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The broadest and deepest foundation for comprehensive law-based governance is the people; we must persist in governing for the people and relying on the people." This is determined by the nature and purpose of the Communist Party of China, and it is also the fundamental requirement of the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics as the legal manifestation of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. Only by firmly taking the people's stand, consistently upholding the principal position of the people, and implementing the embodiment of the people's interests, the reflection of the people's wishes, the protection of the people's rights and interests, and the enhancement of the people's well-being throughout the entire process of building the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, and by safeguarding social fairness and justice with concrete actions, can the people truly feel that fairness and justice are by their side. In particular, we must focus on solving prominent problems that harm the rights and interests of the masses, never allowing indifference to the masses' reports and requests for help, never allowing ordinary people to be unable to afford lawsuits, never allowing the abuse of power to infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of the masses, and never allowing law enforcers to break the law and cause miscarriages of justice, so that the people can feel fairness and justice in every legal system, every law enforcement decision, and every judicial case.

必须坚持人民至上，旗帜鲜明回答全面依法治国“为什么人”等重大问题。习近平总书记指出：“全面依法治国最广泛、最深厚的基础是人民，必须坚持为了人民、依靠人民。”这是由中国共产党的性质、宗旨所决定的，也是中国特色社会主义法治体系作为中国特色社会主义制度的法律表现形式的根本要求。只有站稳人民立场，始终坚持人民主体地位，把体现人民利益、反映人民愿望、维护人民权益、增进人民福祉落实到建设中国特色社会主义法治体系全过程，以实际行动维护社会公平正义，才能让人民群众切实感受到公平正义就在身边。尤其是重点解决好损害群众权益的突出问题，决不允许对群众的报警求助置之不理，决不允许让普通群众打不起官司，决不允许滥用权力侵犯群众合法权益，决不允许执法犯法造成冤假错案，让人民群众在每一项法律制度、每一个执法决定、每一宗司法案件中都感受到公平正义。

We must adhere to self-reliance and self-confidence, and unequivocally answer major questions such as “which is greater, the Party or the law?” and “which is greater, power or the law?”. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “Party

必须坚持自信自立，旗帜鲜明回答“党大还是法大”“权大还是法大”等重大问题。习近平总书记指出：“党的领导和社会主义法治是一致的，社会主义法治必须坚持党的领导，党的领导必须依靠社会主义法治。”少数人别有用心炒作“党大还是法大”这一伪命题，其实质是人为制造两者间根本不存在的对立，通过把党的领导和法治割裂开来，干扰中国特色社会主义法治体系建设，最终否定、取消党的领导，否定中国特色社会主义法治。对此我们不能含糊其词、语焉不详，必须明确党和法、党的领导和依法治国不是对立的，而是高度统一的。而具体到各级党政组织、各级领导干部，“权大还是法大”则是一个真命题，必须服从和遵守宪法法律，不能把党的领导作为个人以言代法、以权压法、徇私枉法的挡箭牌。不管什么人，不管涉及谁，只要违反法律就要依法追究责任。

We must uphold fundamental principles and break new ground, and unequivocally answer major questions such as why “only when governing the Party with regulations reaches the Party’s heart can law-based governance reach the people’s heart.” General Secretary Xi Jinping points out: “What we are engaged in is a great cause without precedent; upholding fundamental principles ensures we do not lose our direction or commit subversive errors, while breaking new ground enables us to grasp the times and lead the times.” For our Party to fulfill its major historical mission of governing and rejuvenating the country, to win the great struggle with many new historical features, and to achieve lasting peace and stability for the Party and the state, we must persist in advancing law-based governance and system-based governance of the Party and governing the Party with regulations in a coordinated and integrated manner. Governing the Party with regulations, as the basic method for our Party to manage and govern itself, and law-based governance, as the basic strategy for our Party to lead the people in governing the country, are inherently unified. A major innovation of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law is to include a well-conceived system of intra-Party regulations as an important component of the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics. We must improve the systems and mechanisms for formulating intra-Party regulations, strive to form a pattern where national laws and intra-Party regulations complement, promote, and guarantee each other, and use the entire Party’s compliance with regulations and discipline to drive the whole society to abide by laws and regulations.

必须坚持守正创新，旗帜鲜明回答为什么“依规治党深入党心，依法治国才能深入民心”等重大问题。习近平总书记指出：“我们从事的是前无古人的伟大事业，守正才能不迷失方向、不犯颠覆性错误，创新才能把握时代、引领时代。”我们党要履行好执政兴国的重大历史使命、赢得具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争胜利、实现党和国家的长治久安，必须坚持依法治国与制度治党、依规治党统筹推进、一体建设。依规治党作为我们党管党治党的基本方式，依法治国作为我们党领导人民治理国家的基本方略，两者具有内在统一性。习近平法治思想的一个重大创新就是将完善的党内法规体系作为中国特色社会主义法治体系的重要组成。必须完善党内法规制定体制机制，努力形成国家法律和党内法规相辅相成、相互促进、相互保障的格局，以全党遵规守纪带动全社会遵纪守法。

We must adhere to a problem-oriented approach, and unequivocally answer major questions such as why “the rule of law is the best business environment” and “cyberspace is not a lawless place.” Problems are the voice of the times; answering and guiding the resolution of a series of prominent contradictions and issues faced in practice is the core task of theory. Building a socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics requires focusing on prominent rule-of-law issues that the Party Central Committee is concerned about and the people strongly reflect upon, as well as weak links in rule-of-law construction, and aiming to advance the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, by consolidating foundations, leveraging strengths, shoring up weaknesses, and reinforcing weak areas. For example, in response to prominent issues in the business environment, Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law clearly states that the rule of law is the best business environment, using legal means to equally protect the property rights and legitimate rights and interests of various business entities, and removing various obstacles to the equal use of factors of production and fair market competition in accordance with the law. For another example, in response to prominent issues such as the frequent occurrence of illegal acts like online fraud, online rumors, online violence, and infringement of personal privacy, Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law clearly states that cyberspace is not a “lawless place,” requiring the strengthening of cyberspace governance in accordance with the law, promoting the severe crackdown on cybercrime and illegal activities according to law, jointly maintaining peace and security in cyberspace, ensuring the healthy operation of the internet on the track of the rule of law, and turning the internet, this greatest variable, into the greatest increment for the development of our cause.

必须坚持问题导向，旗帜鲜明回答为什么“法治是最好的营商环境”“网络空间不是法外之地”等重大问题。问题是时代的声音，回答并指导解决实践面临的一系列突出矛盾和问题是理论的核心任务。建设中国特色社会主义法治体系，就要聚焦党中央关注、人民群众反映强烈的法治突出问题和法治建设薄弱环节，着眼推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，固根基、扬优势、补短板、强弱项。比如，针对营商环境方面的突出问题，习近平法治思想明确法治是最好的营商环境，通过法治手段平等保护各类经营主体产权和合法权益，破除依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争的各种障碍。又如，针对网络诈骗、网络谣言、网络暴力、侵犯个人隐私等违法行为频发的突出问题，习近平法治思想明确网络空间不是“法外之地”，要求依法加强网络空间治理，推动依法严厉打击网络违法犯罪行为，共同维护网络空间和平安全，让互联网在法治轨道上健康运行，使互联网这个最大变量变成事业发展的最大增量。

We must adhere to a systematic approach, and unequivocally answer major questions such as why “reform and the rule of law are like the two wings of a bird and the two wheels of a chariot.” Chinese-path modernization is continuously advanced through reform and opening up, and it will surely open up broad prospects through reform and opening up. Handling the relationship between reform and the rule of law is an inherent requirement for further deepening reform comprehensively and an important requirement for building a socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics. We must persist in unifying reform and the rule of law, persist in advancing reform under the rule of law, give full play to the guiding, promoting, regulating, and guaranteeing role of the rule of law in reform, ensure that major reforms have legal basis, align reform measures and reform decisions with legislative needs and legislative proposals, be adept at using rule-of-law thinking and rule-of-law methods to solve reform difficulties and consolidate reform achievements, and ensure that reform proceeds smoothly on the track of the rule of law; we must persist in perfecting the rule of law through reform, improve the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics by deepening reforms in the rule-of-law field, remove institutional and mechanistic obstacles, resolve prominent contradictions and issues, strive to achieve deep integration of comprehensively deepening reform and comprehensively governing the country by law, and better leverage the dual-wheel driving role of reform and the rule of law.

必须坚持系统观念，旗帜鲜明回答为什么“改革和法治如鸟之两翼、车之两轮”等重大问题。中国式现代化是在改革开放中不断推进的，也必将在改革开放中开辟广阔前景。处理好改革与法治的关系，是进一步全面深化改革的应有之义，也是建设中国特色社会主义法治体系的重要要求。必须坚持改革和法治相统一，坚持在法治下推进改革，发挥法治对改革的引导、推动、规范、保障作用，坚持重大改革于法有据，做到改革举措、改革决策与立法需求、立法建议相衔接，善于运用法治思维和法治方式破解改革难题、巩固改革成果，保证改革在法治轨道上顺利推进；必须坚持在改革中完善法治，通过深化法治领域改革完善中国特色社会主义法治体系，破除体制机制障碍、解决突出矛盾问题，着力实现全面深化改革与全面依法治国深度融合，更好发挥改革和法治的双轮驱动作用。

We must maintain a global vision, and unequivocally answer major questions such as why we should “coordinate the advancement of domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law.” A just cause should be pursued for the common good. Maintaining a global vision embodies the commitment of the Communist Party of China to the enduring cause of the Chinese nation and to the lofty cause of human peace and development. At present, changes of the world, of the times, and of history are unfolding in ways like never before. General Secretary Xi Jinping, coordinating the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the changes unseen in a century in the world, creatively proposed the major strategic deployment of coordinating the advancement of domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law. Building a socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics must comprehensively consider and comprehensively utilize both domestic and international markets, both domestic and international resources, and both domestic and international rules; further accelerate the strategic layout of foreign-related rule-of-law work; promote the construction of a legal system for the extraterritorial application of Chinese law; comprehensively utilize legislative, law enforcement, and judicial means to carry out struggles; enrich and improve the legal “toolbox”; effectively respond to challenges, prevent risks, and counter suppression; effectively oppose unilateralism, protectionism, and hegemonic, bullying, and domineering acts; resolutely safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests; and create favorable rule-of-law conditions and an external environment for comprehensively building a modern socialist country.

必须坚持胸怀天下，旗帜鲜明回答为什么要“统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治”等重大问题。大道之行，天下为公。坚持胸怀天下是中国共产党立志于中华民族千秋伟业、致力于人类和平与发展崇高事业的担当的体现。当前，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开，习近平总书记统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，创造性提出统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治的重大战略部署。建设中国特色社会主义法治体系必须统筹考虑和综合运用国际国内两个市场、国际国内两种资源、国际国内两类规则，进一步加快涉外法治工作战略布局，推动我国法域外适用的法律体系建设，综合利用立法、执法、司法等手段开展斗争，充实完善法律“工具箱”，有力应对挑战、防范风险、反制打压，有效反对单边主义、保护主义和霸权霸道霸凌行径，坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家营造有利法治条件和外部环境。

The socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics is always mindful of the “greatest concerns of the state” [8]8 “国之大者” (guó zhī dà zhě) is a term frequently used by Xi Jinping, referring to the most fundamental and overarching interests and tasks of the state that Party officials must always keep in mind.; it is a major innovative achievement in advancing comprehensive law-based governance through a scientific theoretical system that is systematic, comprehensive, logically rigorous, rich in connotation, and internally unified, profoundly reflecting the core task proposed by Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law to build a higher-level rule-of-law China.

中国特色社会主义法治体系是始终胸怀“国之大者”，以系统全面、逻辑严密、内涵丰富、内在统一的科学理论体系推进全面依法治国的重大创新成果，深刻反映了习近平法治思想以建设更高水平的法治中国为目标提出的核心任务

The socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics is the rule-of-law cornerstone of “Chinese governance.” The “Decision” of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC [9]9 The “Decision” refers to the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Advancing Chinese Modernization,” adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee in July 2024. proposed “improving the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics” and made comprehensive arrangements from aspects such as deepening reforms in the legislative field. We must closely focus on improving the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics, fully implement the Constitution, uphold the authority of the Constitution, coordinate and advance reforms in the links of legislation, law enforcement, judicature, and law-abiding, improve the guarantee mechanism for equality before the law, promote the socialist rule-of-law spirit, safeguard social fairness and justice, comprehensively advance the rule of law in all aspects of national work, provide institutionalized solutions from the rule-of-law perspective for a series of issues faced in the development of the Party and the state’s cause, and continuously demonstrate the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

中国特色社会主义法治体系是“中国之治”的法治基石。党的二十届三中全会《决定》提出“完善中国特色社会主义法治体系”，并从深化立法领域改革等方面作出全面部署。我们必须紧紧围绕完善中国特色社会主义法治体系，全面贯彻实施宪法，维护宪法权威，协同推进立法、执法、司法、守法各环节改革，健全法律面前人人平等保障机制，弘扬社会主义法治精神，维护社会公平正义，全面推进国家各方面工作法治化，从法治上为解决党和国家事业发展面临的一系列问题提供制度化方案，不断彰显中国特色社会主义的制度优势。

In terms of accelerating the formation of a complete system of legal norms, we must strengthen the Party’s leadership over legislative work, improve the legislative work pattern led by Party committees, dominated by people’s congresses, supported by governments, and participated in by all parties; strengthen legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and foreign-related areas, focus on gaps and conflicts in the legal system, and improve legal systems urgently needed for national governance and essential for meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life; promptly study legal systems for new technologies and new application fields, timely fill rule loopholes, and ensure the healthy development of new business forms and new models through good laws and good governance; advance scientific legislation, democratic legislation, and law-based legislation, coordinate the enactment, amendment, abolition, interpretation, and codification of laws, enhance the systematization, integration, coordination, and timeliness of legislation, and maintain the unity, dignity, and authority of the national legal system.

在加快形成完备的法律规范体系方面，加强党对立法工作的领导，完善党委领导、人大主导、政府依托、各方参与的立法工作格局；加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法，聚焦法律制度的空白点和冲突点，健全国家治理急需、满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要必备的法律制度；抓紧研究新技术新应用领域的法律制度，及时弥补规则漏洞，以良法善治保障新业态、新模式健康发展；推进科学立法、民主立法、依法立法，统筹立改废释纂，增强立法系统性、整体性、协同性、时效性，维护国家法制统一、尊严、权威。

In accelerating the formation of an efficient system for the implementation of the rule of law, we must improve the institutional system for ensuring the comprehensive implementation of the Constitution and establish a system for reporting on the status of constitutional implementation; we must further promote law-based administration, advance the legal codification of government structures, functions, powers, procedures, and responsibilities, promote the standardization, normalization, and facilitation of government services, deepen reform of the administrative law enforcement system, and effectively safeguard the public interest, the rights and interests of the people, and social order; we must improve the institutions and mechanisms for impartial law enforcement and fair administration of justice, and improve the institutions and mechanisms whereby supervisory organs, public security organs, procuratorial organs, adjudicative organs, and judicial administrative organs each perform their respective duties, and the powers of supervision, investigation, prosecution, adjudication, and execution coordinate with and check each other; we must deepen and standardize judicial transparency, implement and refine the judicial accountability system; we must strengthen the construction of a socialist rule-of-law culture, promote the establishment of rule-of-law awareness and the enhancement of rule-of-law concepts throughout society, form a social atmosphere in which abiding by the law is honorable and violating the law is shameful, and make respecting, studying, abiding by, and applying the law a common pursuit and conscious action of all the people.

在加快形成高效的法治实施体系方面，健全保证宪法全面实施制度体系，建立宪法实施情况报告制度；深入推进依法行政，推进政府机构、职能、权限、程序、责任法定化，促进政务服务标准化、规范化、便利化，深化行政执法体制改革，切实维护公共利益、人民权益和社会秩序；健全公正执法司法体制机制，健全监察机关、公安机关、检察机关、审判机关、司法行政机关各司其职，监察权、侦查权、检察权、审判权、执行权相互配合、相互制约的体制机制；深化和规范司法公开，落实和完善司法责任制；加强社会主义法治文化建设，推动全社会树立法治意识、增强法治观念，形成守法光荣、违法可耻的社会氛围，使尊法学法守法用法成为全体人民共同追求和自觉行动。

In accelerating the formation of a rigorous system for the supervision of the rule of law, we must improve the supervision system that is unified under the leadership of the Party, comprehensive in coverage, authoritative, and efficient, forming a supervision pattern in which intra-Party supervision plays the leading role and is organically integrated and mutually coordinated with people's congress supervision, democratic supervision, administrative supervision, judicial supervision, audit supervision, financial and accounting supervision, statistical supervision, mass supervision, and public opinion supervision, thereby enhancing the seriousness, coordination, and effectiveness of supervision; we must strengthen supervision over legislative power, administrative power, supervisory power, and judicial power, reinforce the restriction and supervision of the exercise of power, consciously accept supervision by the people, and ensure that power is exercised under supervision and operates in the sunlight.

在加快形成严密的法治监督体系方面，健全党统一领导、全面覆盖、权威高效的监督体系，形成以党内监督为主导，人大监督、民主监督、行政监督、司法监督、审计监督、财会监督、统计监督、群众监督、舆论监督等有机贯通、相互协调的监督格局，增强监督严肃性、协同性、有效性；加强对立法权、行政权、监察权、司法权的监督，强化对权力运行的制约监督，自觉接受人民群众监督，让权力在监督下行使、在阳光下运行。

In accelerating the formation of a robust system for the guarantee of the rule of law, we must improve the institutions and mechanisms for political guarantees, institutional guarantees, ideological guarantees, organizational guarantees, operational guarantees, and talent guarantees for strict enforcement of the rule of law; Party committees at all levels must effectively strengthen leadership over rule-of-law work, and the Party leadership groups of legislative, law enforcement, and judicial organs at all levels must strengthen leadership and fulfill their duties and responsibilities; we must adhere to building a high-quality rule-of-law workforce with both integrity and ability, improve the practice-oriented education and training mechanism of law schools and faculties, and strive to cultivate and bring forth a large number of high-quality rule-of-law talents and reserve forces; we must ensure that leading cadres, this "key minority," play a key role in the comprehensive rule of law; we must comprehensively build "smart rule of law," fully utilizing modern technological means such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence to comprehensively enhance the digital and intelligent level of a rule-of-law China.

在加快形成有力的法治保障体系方面，健全厉行法治的政治保障、制度保障、思想保障、组织保障、运行保障、人才保障体制机制；各级党委要切实加强对法治工作的领导，各级立法、执法、司法机关党组要加强领导、履职尽责；坚持建设德才兼备的高素质法治工作队伍，完善以实践为导向的法学院校教育培养机制，努力培养造就一大批高素质法治人才及后备力量；让领导干部这个“关键少数”在全面依法治国中发挥关键作用；全面建设“智慧法治”，充分运用大数据、云计算、人工智能等现代科技手段，全面提升法治中国的数智化水平。

In accelerating the formation of a complete system of intra-Party regulations, we must adhere to the combination of goal orientation and problem orientation, and in accordance with the principle of coordinating and integrating "regulating the subject, regulating behavior, and regulating supervision," we must continuously improve the system of intra-Party regulations and rules, with the Party Constitution and the organizational regulations of the Party, the regulations on Party leadership activities, the regulations on the Party's self-construction, and the regulations on Party supervision and guarantees under the Party Constitution as the basic framework; we must pay attention to the connection and coordination between intra-Party regulations and national laws, place greater emphasis on improving the enforcement capacity of intra-Party regulations, and strive to form synergy and effectiveness in governing the country and managing state affairs.

在加快形成完善的党内法规体系方面，坚持目标导向和问题导向相结合，按照“规范主体、规范行为、规范监督”相统筹相协调原则，不断完善以党章和党章之下党的组织法规制度、党的领导法规制度、党的自身建设法规制度、党的监督保障法规制度为基本框架的党内法规制度体系；注重党内法规同国家法律的衔接和协调，把提高党内法规执行力摆在更加突出位置，努力形成治国理政的合力和效能。

The socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics is a major innovative achievement that takes into overall consideration the "two overall situations" [10]10 “立良法于天下，则天下治” is a classical Chinese allusion from the Song dynasty thinker Wang Anshi, meaning that if good laws are established throughout the realm, the realm will be well governed. and points the correct direction for the transformation of the global governance system through good laws and good governance. It profoundly reflects the world significance of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law in contributing Chinese wisdom and providing Chinese solutions to the progress of human rule-of-law civilization.

中国特色社会主义法治体系是统筹兼顾“两个大局”，以良法善治为全球治理体系变革指明正确方向的重大创新成果，深刻反映了习近平法治思想为人类法治文明进步贡献中国智慧、提供中国方案的世界意义

The rule of law is one of the important achievements of human civilization and is not the patent of Western countries. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "There are no completely identical models of political systems in the world. Political systems cannot be abstractly judged in isolation from specific social and political conditions, historical and cultural traditions, cannot be set in stone, and cannot mechanically copy foreign political system models." [11] By the same token, the rule-of-law system, as the manifestation of the political system in the field of the rule of law, cannot and will not be set in stone.

法治是人类文明的重要成果之一，不是西方国家的专利。习近平总书记指出：“世界上没有完全相同的政治制度模式，政治制度不能脱离特定社会政治条件和历史文化传统来抽象评判，不能定于一尊，不能生搬硬套外国政治制度模式。”同理，作为政治制度在法治领域表现形式的法治体系也不能而且不会定于一尊。

Whether shoes fit or not, the person wearing them has the most say. To evaluate a rule-of-law path, we must see whether the common people have a sense of gain, happiness, and security. Over the past 100-plus years, the Communist Party of China has united and led the Chinese people in an unremitting struggle for freedom, equality, justice, and the rule of law

鞋子合不合脚，穿鞋的人最有发言权，评价一条法治道路，要看老百姓是否有获得感、幸福感、安全感。100多年来，中国共产党团结带领中国人民为争取自由、平等、公正、法治进行了不懈的奋斗，在中国这样一个有着几千年封建社会历史、近代成为半殖民地半封建社会的国家成功开辟了中国特色社会主义法治道路，建设中国特色社会主义法治体系，为创造世所罕见的经济快速发展奇迹和社会长期稳定奇迹提供有力法治保障，使一个曾经四分五裂、山河破碎的国家一跃成为世界上治理最高效、民主最广泛、人民最安全的国家之一。这充分说明，中国特色社会主义法治道路是建设社会主义法治国家的唯一正确道路，中国特色社会主义法治体系创造了人类法治文明新形态，为人类法治文明进步贡献了中国智慧，为全球治理体系变革提供了中国方案，为其他国家特别是广大发展中国家独立自主探索法治道路提供了可资借鉴的有益经验。

The rule of law is an important component of a country’s core competitiveness. The world today is undergoing changes unseen in a century, and hegemonic, domineering, and bullying acts such as the strong bullying the weak, plundering through fraud and force, and zero-sum games are causing profound harm, presenting unprecedented challenges to human society. At the same time, China is in a critical period of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, with arduous and heavy tasks of reform, development, and maintaining stability. The relationship between China and the world is undergoing profound changes, and the interconnection and interaction between China and the international community have become unprecedentedly close. China’s influence on the world has never been as comprehensive, profound, and long-lasting as it is today; the world’s attention to China has never been as broad, deep, and focused as it is today. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out: “As China steps onto the world stage and participates in international affairs as a responsible major country, it must be adept at using the rule of law.” An important aspect of building a socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics is to adopt a global vision, use legal means to uphold true multilateralism, jointly oppose all forms of unilateralism and protectionism, firmly uphold the international system centered on the United Nations, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and further enhance the ability to scientifically use the rule of law to safeguard China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests; at the same time, actively participate in the formulation of international rules, promote the democratization and rule-of-law orientation of international relations, actively participate in the reform and construction of the global governance system, promote global governance towards a more just and reasonable direction, use good international laws to promote global good governance, help build a community with a shared future for mankind, and inject strong Chinese power into the progress of human legal civilization.

法治是国家核心竞争力的重要内容。当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，恃强凌弱、巧取豪夺、零和博弈等霸权霸道霸凌行径危害深重，人类社会面临前所未有的挑战。与此同时，我国正处于实现中华民族伟大复兴关键时期，改革发展稳定任务艰巨繁重。中国与世界的关系在发生深刻变化，我国同国际社会的互联互动也已变得空前紧密。中国对世界的影响，从未像今天这样全面、深刻、长远；世界对中国的关注，也从未像今天这样广泛、深切、聚焦。习近平总书记指出：“中国走向世界，以负责任大国参与国际事务，必须善于运用法治。”建设中国特色社会主义法治体系的一个重要方面，就是要树立世界眼光，以法治手段坚持真正的多边主义，共同反对各种形式的单边主义、保护主义，坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序、以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，进一步提高科学运用法治维护我国主权、安全、发展利益的能力；同时积极参与国际规则制定，推动国际关系民主化和法治化，积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，推动全球治理朝着更加公正合理的方向发展，以国际良法促进全球善治，助力构建人类命运共同体，为人类法治文明进步注入强大中国力量。

When good laws are established throughout the land, the world is well governed. The rule of law is an important guarantee for Chinese-path modernization; without the support of the rule of law, there can be no national rejuvenation. The river of history flows endlessly. On the new journey, it is necessary to deeply study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, continuously improve the socialist rule-of-law system with Chinese characteristics, accelerate the construction of a socialist country under the rule of law, continuously open up new prospects for comprehensively governing the country according to law, and continue to strive for greater victories and glory in the construction of socialist rule of law.

立良法于天下，则天下治。法治是中国式现代化的重要保障，没有法治的支撑，就没有民族的复兴。历史长河奔流不息。新征程上，必须深入学习贯彻习近平法治思想，不断完善中国特色社会主义法治体系，加快建设社会主义法治国家，不断开创全面依法治国新局面，为夺取社会主义法治建设更加伟大的胜利和荣光而继续奋斗。

(The author is a researcher at the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era Research Institute, Renmin University of China)

（作者为中国人民大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究院研究员）

Online editor: Tongxin

网络编辑：同心